学术英语(社科)_Unit 7
学术英语(社科)Unit1-8 Text A译文
学术英语课文翻译Unit1人们如何做出决策理性的人认为在保证金1.经济学家通常假设人是理性的。
理性的人们系统地,有目的地做最好的,他们可以实现他们的目标,考虑到可用的机会。
当你学习经济学,你会遇到公司决定雇佣多少工人,有多少他们的产品生产和销售利润最大化。
你也会遇到那些决定花多少时间工作和买什么商品和服务产生的收入来实现最高水平的满意度。
2.理性的人知道生活中的决策很少是黑白的，但通常是灰色的。
在吃饭的时候，你面对的不是空腹或是像猪一样进食，而是吃额外的一匙土豆泥。
当考试开始时，你的决定不是介于两者之间，而是让他们减少或学习一天24小时，而不是花更多的时间复习笔记而不是看电视。
经济学家用“边际变化”这个术语来描述对现有的行动计划的调整。
请记住，边际意味着“边缘如此边缘的变化是在你正在做的边缘周围的调整”。
理性的人往往通过比较边际收益和边际成本来做出决定。
3.例如，考虑一家航空公司决定向待机乘客收取多少费用。
假设撒德躺在横跨美国的200座飞机上，航空公司损失100,000英镑。
在这种情况下，每个座位的平均成本是1,000美元/ 200美元，这是500美元。
有人可能会得出这样的结论：航空公司不应该售出票价低于500美元的机票。
事实上，一家理性的航空公司通常可以通过考虑利润率来提高利润。
想象一下，一架飞机即将起飞，有10个空座位，候机旅客在门口等候，将支付300美元的座位。
航空公司应该把票卖掉吗？当然应该。
如果飞机有空座位，增加一个乘客的成本很小。
乘飞机的平均成本是S500，边际成本仅仅是额外的乘客将消耗的花生袋和苏打水的成本。
只要备用乘客支付超过边际成本，售票是有利可图的。
4.边际决策有助于解释一些令人费解的经济现象。
这里有一个经典的问题：为什么水这么便宜，而钻石这么贵？人类需要水来生存，而钻石是不必要的；但出于某种原因，人们愿意付出更多的钻石比一杯水。
原因是一个人愿意支付任何好处是基于一个额外单位的好处会产生边际效益。
人文社科英语第七单元作文
人文社科英语第七单元作文Title: The Importance of Social Sciences and Humanities。
In today's fast-paced world, the importance of social sciences and humanities cannot be overstated. These disciplines play a crucial role in shaping ourunderstanding of society, culture, and the human experience. They provide us with valuable insights into thecomplexities of human behavior, relationships, and institutions, and help us navigate the challenges of our ever-changing world.One of the key benefits of studying social sciences and humanities is that they help us develop critical thinking skills. By examining different perspectives, analyzing evidence, and evaluating arguments, we learn to think more deeply and critically about the world around us. Thisability to think critically is essential for makinginformed decisions, solving problems, and engaging in meaningful dialogue with others.Moreover, social sciences and humanities help usdevelop empathy and understanding for others. By studying different cultures, histories, and belief systems, we gaina greater appreciation for the diversity of human experiences. This, in turn, fosters tolerance, compassion, and respect for others, leading to a more inclusive and harmonious society.Furthermore, social sciences and humanities play avital role in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing our world today. By studying issues such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and conflict, wecan gain a deeper understanding of the root causes of these problems and work towards finding sustainable solutions. Through research, advocacy, and policy-making, social scientists and humanists contribute to creating a more just, equitable, and sustainable world for all.In addition, social sciences and humanities help us make sense of our own lives and experiences. By exploring questions of identity, meaning, and purpose, we can gain agreater sense of self-awareness and personal fulfillment. Through literature, art, philosophy, and history, we can find inspiration, solace, and wisdom that enrich our lives and connect us to something greater than ourselves.In conclusion, social sciences and humanities are essential disciplines that enrich our understanding of the world, cultivate our critical thinking skills, foster empathy and understanding, and help us address the complex challenges of our time. By studying these disciplines, we can become more informed, engaged, and compassionate individuals who contribute to a more just and sustainable society. Let us continue to value and support the social sciences and humanities, for they are the pillars of a thriving and enlightened civilization.。
学术英语综合第七单元练习答案
Unit 7
Sociology
Language building-up
Tense switch
Supplementary information
• If the time frame for each action or state is the same, do not switch tense. For example:
Generally there should be a time word or phrase to explain the tense switch. For example:
She had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better.
Unit 7
Sociology
Language building-up Specialized vocabulary
3. Additional clasllowing economic terms, which appear in Texts B and C, from Chinese into English.
视觉感受 社会依附性 群体压力 大众监督 从众 社会关系 一直意见
visual perception social attachment group pressure public scrutiny conformity social ties unanimity
Unit 7
Sociology
Academic language and discourse
2 lure: temptation
Paraphrase: The dream to become rich after working exhaustedly in a low position 80 hours per week for several years has lost its attraction.
学术英语-综合-Unit-7.pptx学术英语-综合-Unit-7
Unit 7
Sociology
Text A Supplementary information
1. Life satisfaction
Life satisfaction is the way a person perceives how his or her life has been, how they feel about and where it is going in the future. It is a measure of well-being and may be assessed in terms of mood, satisfaction with relations with others and with achieved goals, self-concepts, and self-perceived ability to cope with daily life. It is having a favorable attitude of one’s life as a whole rather than their current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economic standing, amount of education, experiences, and the people’s residence as well as many other topics.
学术英语 综合
Academic English — An Integrated Course
Unit 7
Sociology
Unit Contents
Unit objectives
学术英语(第二版)医学教师用书Unit 7
UNIT 7 Doctor-patient Relationship Teaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 7, Ss are expected to accomplish the following objectives:Professio nal knowledg eTo have deep insights into the shift from paternalistic paradigmtopatient-centered paradigm in medical decision-makingTo be aware of the importance of a good doctor-patientrelationship in both the medical practice and thepatient’s recoveryTo have a clear understanding of what counts in maintaininganamicable doctor-patient relationshipTo learn how to communicate properly and effectively with the patientTo be well acquainted with such concepts as paternalistic approach and patient-centered or autonomous approach to medical decision-makingTo know how to shift from a paternalistic decision-making process to a patient-centered oneReading To understand the patient’s attitude toward patientempowerment/ autonomy and its role in doctor-patient relationshipTo be aware of the power of words when communicating withtheTeaching Activities and ResourcesPart 1 ReadingText ALead-inSuggested teaching plan1. Doctor-patient relationship is among the most controversial focuses and mostwidely talked about in medical and healthcare communities. It is a determinant factor of quality care. On the part of language, words are sometimes value-laden and possess magic power. The same relationship can be differently connoted by using different terms. Before starting the class, it is advisable to know the implications of these terms: doctor, physician, medical practitioner, provider and patient, client, customer.Doctor: referring to a “teacher ” to show, to teach, or to appear right, and carryinga connotation of being seemly fitting and decentPhysician: denoting a practitioner of the art of healingMedical practitioner: a technique term without much connotationProvider: a generic term more or less related to businessPatient: indicating a suffering or sick person under medical treatmentClient: referring to a person who is willing to pay for goods or servicesCustomer: denoting one who buys goods or servicesAwareness of the subtleties as incurred by the use of the different terms to indicate the doctor-patient relationship will contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of an amicable and ideal doctor-patient relationship.2. Lead Ss to do Task / Lead-in .1) Ask Ss to think of at least three different situations where doctors may beasked to make “tough decisions ” for their patient s.Decide whether life-support system should be continued or withdrawn.Decide whether euthanasia should be taken into consideration.Decide whether a new therapy should be tried.Decide whether surgery should be the first choice or the last resort.Decide whether transfer or referral is needed.2) Have a quick check and a short discussion on what Ss have come up with.3. Make a summary on the discussion and introduce the topic of Text A.Text ComprehensionSuggested teaching plan1. Launch the topic of the text as a continuum of Lead-in.2. Analyze the text and lead Ss to discuss, integrating Task 2 / Critical readingand thinking / Text A into analysis and discussion. The presentation topics should be assigned to individual Ss for preparation at least one week in advance.Ask other Ss to preview the text with the guidance of the presentation topics.3. Lead Ss to do Task 2 / Language building-up / Text A after a discussion of thetext.4. When analyzing the text, ask Ss to pay special attention to the sentences listed inLanguage focus below.5. If time allows, ask Ss to do Task 1 / Critical reading and thinking / Text A inabout five minutes. Check out the task by asking one or two Ss to read their answers. This is done to get an overview about the text.Language focus1. He was large and powerfully built…miraculously shrinking down to theireye level whenever he spoke with them. (P164, Para. 1)句子运用了对比的手法(large and powerfully built / shrink down to their eye level)，有利于加强文章的艺术效果和感染力。
研究生学术英语答案Unit-7
Professor Hall: 7) W__i_th__a_ll_d_u_e_r_e_s_p_e_c_t , Mr. Vice President, the cost of doing nothing could be even higher. Our climate is fragile. 8) _A_t_th_e__r_a_te_ we’re burning fossil fuels and polluting the environment, the ice caps will soon disappear.
Arabian Reporter: I’m 2) c_o_n_f_u_s_e_d . I thought you were talking about global warming, not an ice age.
Section A Part 2 Watching & Listening
Professor Hall: Yes, it is a paradox, but, global warming can 3) t_r_ig_g_e_r a cooling trend. Let me explain. The Northern Hemisphere owes its temperate climate to the North Atlantic current. Heat from the sun arrives at the 4) e_q_u_a_t_o_r and is carried north by the ocean. But, global warming is melting the polar ice caps and 5) d_i_s_ru_p_t_in_g_this flow. Eventually it will shut down, and when that occurs, there goes our warm climate.
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译1. Unit 1Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs. The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor(经营者) owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything.For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means that the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts. Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibilities for the business.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together.Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buystock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends(红利) as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money into the business.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity(实体)——its own legal being, separate from its owners.A board of directors control corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock.But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.2. Unit 2In the past three week I have introduced you to the ideas and methods of economics.In the next week, we will start learning more, in more detail the principles of economic behavior and economic policy.As you proceed through the whole semester, you will be asked to draw on many of your intellectual skills.在过去的三周里，我向你介绍了经济学的思想和方法。
学术英语教师版Unit7课文翻译
Unit 7 Text A艰难抉择还是由医生来做吧！在接受完外科手术培训不久，我便和一位年轻的医生一起工作。
他是那种有感染力的人，不仅是因为他的临床经验，更是因为他对病人的专注。
他身躯健硕有力，但他似乎从来不给病人居高临下的感觉，每当和病人说话时，他会出人意料地缩身下蹲，与病人平视。
他会认真地倾听病人叙述病痛的每一个细节，每次问诊结束之前，总会询问病人是否还有他没解释到的问题。
有一天下午，看到他在一个护士站，用健硕的胳膊比划着向一名护士抱怨一位病人的家属，我很惊奇。
这是位临终的病人，这位年轻的医生安排了和病人家属的病情通报会，商谈撤掉生命支持系统和药物治疗并着手开始临终关怀。
在整个过程中家属一直喋喋不休地问问题，但最终拒绝做任何决定，也不撤除任何治疗手段。
“我一直在和他们说，我们要么继续给他们的亲人造成痛苦，要么可以让他走的舒服一些，”他说的同时手仍然在比划。
“我告诉他们要么受罪，要么舒服，都要由他们做决定。
但最终他们没有做决定就径直出了房间。
”医生和病人做医疗决定的方式在过去的 50 年里发生了巨大的变化。
多少代人以来，这些决定都是医生的专属范围；病人即便参与，在做最终选择时往往也没有什么话语权。
但是这种家长式的决策模式在上世纪 60 年代末和 70 年代开始发生改变。
要求给病人授权的呼声在增长；医学伦理学家也开始清楚地阐述有关病人伦理关怀的原则。
临床医生们尤为拥护的一条宗旨是对患者个体的尊重。
这一伦理原则已被应用于病房、诊所和手术室的工作中，也导致了一种新的临床理念的出现,即以病人为中心的医护。
但是，第二条伦理原则,即尊重每个人的自主权,与第一条密切关联，在医患关系上也起到越来越重要的作用。
随着时间的推移，自主权将意味着让病人自己做决定。
而且，这一诠释也渐渐进入医学院校的课程，也被写入联邦法律中，因为法律规定在治疗方式的选择上医生必须与病人进行讨论。
在接下来的 40 年里，要培养年轻的医生(我也包括在内)，除非是急诊或者一些无足轻重的决定之外，我们要约束自己，不要越俎代庖，代替病人做任何决定。
学术英语第七课课文译文
宇宙边缘的黑暗很多领域的研究者都非常想直接目睹过去的情景，但是他们通常只能通过风化的化石、腐烂的羊皮纸或是木乃伊遗体拼凑起遥远过去的信息。
而宇宙学却截然不同，这一学科研究的是宇宙的起源和发展，实际上在这一领域，我们可以直接见证历史。
人们肉眼所看到的点点星光是几年前或是几千年前射向我们的光子，效力大的望远镜发现远处物体所发射的光向我们这里走过的时间远远超过几年或几千年，有时甚至长达数十亿年。
我们看到的远古的光线实际上是远古的时间。
过去十年对于这些远古星光的观察不仅为宇宙的过去提供了很深邃的见解，而且对于宇宙未来的本质也提供了深刻的见解。
由于一种叫做“暗物质”的物体，这些数据所提供的未来尤其令人不安。
发现暗物质的故事从一个世纪以前开始，当时阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦认识到空间并非艾萨克·牛顿所预期的那样一成不变，恰恰相反，爱因斯坦通过自己研究的广义相对论发现，空间和时间可以扭曲和旋转，其反应的状态就像孩子跳跃的蹦床一样。
实际上，空间的可延展性极强，按照数学上的推理，宇宙的大小是随着时间进行必要的改变的，空间的结构一定是在膨胀或是收缩，总之不可能完全不变。
对爱因斯坦来说，他无法接受这一结论，他已经花了十年艰难的时间来发展相对论，寻找对于重力更好的理解方式，但是对他来说，宇宙膨胀说或是宇宙缩小说的观念似乎完全错误，因为它公然违背了人们最普遍的知识---即宇宙是固定不变的。
爱因斯坦迅速做出了回应，他修改了相对论的方程式，以便数学结果可以产生出不变的宇宙。
如同拔河中的僵持阶段一样，静态的局面需要相等而且相反的作用力来抵消彼此的力量。
对于很远的距离以外，形成宇宙的力就是重力的引力，所以爱因斯坦推论出需要一个与引力相排斥的反作用力。
但是这会是什么力呢？爱因斯坦惊讶地发现，自己简单地修改相对论的方程式需要反重力，反重力的概念将令牛顿非常惊讶---因为反重力是在推动对方而不是吸引对方。
像地球和太阳这样普通的物体，只能产生引力。
学术英语医学Unit7TextA翻译
露泽的嘴唇微微眯起，眼睛的底部闪过一阵寒冷，整个力量爆发，也变成了浅青色的溪流。繁荣！ ！ ！两条青色飘带在空中相撞。可怕的风刀向各个方向射击，地面上的草被分开，在地面上留下了纵横交错的痕迹。陆泽的左拳挡住 了蓝狼的爪子，骨头发出轻微的声音，刺痛来了，显然骨头已经破裂了。但是他并不在乎，右腿变成了长长的鞭子，体力，精神力量，蓝色剑刃向蓝狼的腰部急剧风化。蓝狼感受到了威胁，尾巴摇晃着，陆泽的右腿猛地撞在了一起，声音 一阵哗哗。陆泽的身体被震动了。就在陆泽准备再次冲上去的时候，他突然变黑了。好？这是黑暗的？陆泽怀疑地抬起头，但看到一个巨大的金色眼睑看着陆泽，然后他面前是黑色的，他的身体剧烈疼痛。当他的视线恢复时，它已经在外 面了。死亡人数增加一个..
有一天下午， 看到他在一个护士站， 用健硕的胳膊比划着向一名护士抱怨一 位病人的家属， 我很惊奇。 这是位临终的病人， 这位年轻的医生安排了和病人家 属的病情通报会， 商谈撤掉生命支持系统和药物治疗并着手开始临终关怀。 在整 个过程中家属一直喋喋不休地问问题， 但最终拒绝做任何决定， 也不撤除任何治 疗手段。
； 美高梅集团 https:// 美高梅集团；
； 美高梅平台 https:// 美高梅平台；
先发现有些人敢在她面前如此瘦。果然，下次我见面时，铁拳制裁的程度会增加一级。但是现在她忽略了吕泽的话并且说：“等我再重新添加，我是你的导师。此外，一个月后，精英班将接受入学测试，你准备好了，不要死。”泽点 点头，回过头来说：“哦，好吧，我会做好充分的准备..”他只说了一半，突然发现自己听到了一个坏词？他咳嗽哭了起来，确认道：“老师，你说死不对，你的意思是什么？” “吨吨.嗝〜字面意思。”陆泽：“..”听着南宫悄悄地倒 了一口酒，满意的呼吸，冷静地给出了解释，陆泽觉得他的心态已经爆发了。哪所学校的入学考试将会死亡？入门测试不应该比虚拟现实中的比赛更好吗？他抽搐了一下口：“好吧，老师不会惹麻烦，入学考试将会死亡。” “当然，我们 联邦大学和帝国理工学院的入学考试可能已经死亡，但你可以放心，死亡率仍然非常低。只有不到10％。”我吃了！ ！真的死了？陆泽震惊了！他的眉头微微皱起，有些有尊严的问道：“南宫先生，我们的入学考试是什么？”南宫静带着 一点酗酒说道：“啊？没事。只要走到前线。”几场战斗，攻击几个城市，这是联邦大学和皇家学院精英班的传统。
研究生学术英语读写教程unit7
研究生学术英语读写教程unit7研究生学术英语读写教程 Unit7 的内容如下:主题：学术论文的结构和写作技巧本单元重点:- 了解学术论文的基本组成部分以及各自的作用- 掌握正确的学术论文写作技巧和风格- 学会如何优化学术论文的结构和排版本单元拓展:- 学术论文的阅读和撰写对于研究生来说是非常重要的技能。
通过本单元的学习，学生将学会如何有效地阅读和撰写学术论文，从而提高学术能力。
- 学术论文的结构和写作技巧是研究生学术英语读写教程中的重要部分。
通过学习本单元的内容，学生将能够更好地理解学术论文的结构和组织方式，从而更好地撰写学术论文。
具体内容:1. Introduction- 介绍学术论文的背景和目的- 阐述学术论文的基本组成部分以及各自的作用- 举例说明如何有效地组织 Introduction 部分2. Literature Review- 介绍文献综述的作用和意义- 阐述文献综述的基本组成部分以及各自的作用- 举例说明如何有效地组织 Literature Review 部分3. Methods- 介绍研究方法的重要性- 阐述研究方法的基本组成部分以及各自的作用 - 举例说明如何有效地组织 Methods 部分4. Results- 介绍研究结果的重要性- 阐述研究结果的基本组成部分以及各自的作用 - 举例说明如何有效地组织 Results 部分5. Discussion- 介绍讨论部分的作用和意义- 阐述讨论部分的基本组成部分以及各自的作用 - 举例说明如何有效地组织 Discussion 部分 6. Conclusion- 总结学术论文的主要内容- 强调学术论文的结论和贡献- 举例说明如何有效地撰写 Conclusion 部分 7. References- 列举学术论文中所引用的文献- 注意文献引用的准确性和完整性8. Format and 排版- 了解学术论文的排版格式- 学会如何优化学术论文的结构和排版本单元重点:- 了解学术论文的基本组成部分以及各自的作用- 掌握正确的学术论文写作技巧和风格- 学会如何有效地阅读和撰写学术论文，从而提高学术能力总结:研究生学术英语读写教程 Unit7 主要介绍了学术论文的结构和写作技巧。
学术英语(第二版)综合教学课件 U7
Text A
While reading
Critical reading and thinking
Task 1 / Overview
3. What is mathematics able to maal types?
Digitization enables mathematics to make predictions other than the traditional types.
could it be traced to an escapist tendency.
(Para. 7)
in retrospect : when looking back in time 回顾往事
e.g.
I'm sure my university days seem happier in
retrospect than they really were.
Text A While reading
Critical reading and thinking
Text A
While reading
Supplementary Information
3. Acronym and Initialism
Acronym and Initialism are two types of abbreviation. Acronyms are pronounced as a whole word (e.g. NASA) while Initialisms are pronounced one letter at a time (e.g. FBI). In this text, an example of Acronym is ASCII, and CCTV is a typical example of Initialism.
学术英语(社科)_Unit 7
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Argument:
A set of economic, regulatory, and cultural forces, driven by technological change, are converging to bring about a massive shift in the nature of journalism at the millennium. (causes)
Lead-in
Task Watch the video clip and complete the sentences according to what you have heard.
1 The topic of the video clip is _e_-b_o_o_k_s_. 2 The benefits of e-books include: They can _s_to_r_e__h_u_n_d_r_e_d_s_o_f_t_i_tl_e_s; they are _p_o_r_ta_b_l_e_ and allow readers to _d_o_w__n_lo_a_d__b_o_o_k_s_; they enable people to _re_a_d__th__e_s_t_o_ry__o_u_t_l_o_u_d_. 3 The number of e-book titles stocked by is 3_0_0_,_0_0_0_e_-_b_o_o_k__ti_t_le_s_. 4 The reason to choose digital releases is to s_a_v_e__o_n_t_h_e__c_o_s_ts__o_f_p_r_o_d_u_c_i_n_g_a__b_o_o_k. 5 The critics think e-books are _n_o__t _a_s_e_n_g_a_g_i_n_g__a_s_t_ra_d__it_io_n_a_l_p_a_p__e_r _b_o_o_k_s. 6 The legal settlement dictates ___G_o_o_g_l_e_h_a_s__g_o_t_t_h_e_r_i_g_h_t_s_t_o_m__il_li_o_n_s_o__f _ _c_o_p_y_r_ig__h_te_d__t_it_le_s__in_s_t_e_a_d_o__f _A_m_a_z_o_n_ which is opposed by _M__ic_r_o_s_o_f_t _a_n_d_Y_a_h__o_o_.
学术英语写作Unit-7-Materials
If you modified a previously published method, provide the literature reference and give a detailed description of your modifications.
10
A total of 18 samples was collected and then analyzed for the isotopes mentioned earlier. Samples 1-9 were collected in thoroughly-rinsed 25 ml brown glass bottles which were filled to the top and then sealed tightly to prevent contamination. The filled bottles were shipped directly to two separate laboratories at Reading University, where they were analyzed using standard methods suitably miniaturized to handle small quantities of water.4
In sentence 8 the writer provides more details of the method.
In sentence 9 the writer mentions a possible difficulty in the methodology.
【学术英语第七单元课文翻译】大学学术英语课文翻译 .doc
【学术英语第七单元课文翻译】大学学术英语课文翻译学好大学英语，除了认真听课，还要掌握课文翻译，下面是大学学术英语课文翻译，为大家提供参考。
Unit 1 名气之尾艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西?威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特?海明威的情节安排、罗伯特?弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
学术英语（社科）Unit7原文及翻译
学术英语（社科）Unit7原文及翻译Introduction: Understanding the Impact of New Media on Journalism1 Journalism is undergoing a fundamental transformation, perhaps the most fundamental since the rise of the penny press of the mid-nineteenth century. In the twilight of the twentieth century and the dawn of the twenty-first, there is emerging a new form of journalism whose distinguishing qualities include ubiquitous news, global information access, instantaneous reporting, interactivity, multimedia content, and extreme content customization. In many ways this represents a potentially better form of journalism because it can reengage an increasingly distrusting and alienated audience. At the same time, it presents many threats to the most cherished values and standards of journalism. Authenticity of content, source verification, accuracy, and truth are all suspect in a medium where anyone with a computer and a modem can become a global publisher.2 Although the easy answer is to point to the Internet, the reasons for the transformation of journalism are neither simple nor one-dimensional. Rather, a set of economic, regulatory, and cultural forces, driven by technological change, are converging to bring about a massive shift in the nature of journalism at the millennium.3 The growth of a global economic system, made up of regional economies, all interrelated (witness the volatility in the world?s financial markets in August 1998, when drops in Asian and Russian markets triggered drops in European and U.S. markets) and increasingly controlled by multinational corporate behemoths, has rewritten the financial basis for journalism andthe media in general. Deregulation, as outlined in the U.S. Telecommunications Act of 1996 and 简介：了解新媒体对新闻的影响1新闻业正在发生根本性的变革，或许最根本的变革是十九世纪中叶的便士报的崛起。
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Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Argument: A set of economic, regulatory, and cultural forces, driven by technological change, are converging to bring about a massive shift in the nature of journalism at the millennium. (causes)
→ Convergence is a good thing and inevitable. Reasons: It holds the promise of a better, more efficient, more democratic medium for journalism and the public in the 21st century. → Convergence is neither inevitable nor necessarily good. Reasons: enormous threats to privacy, increasing concentration of ownership, a shrinking diversity of voices, an ever-escalating race to report the new more rapidly, inequitable access o information technology and digital journalism.
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Signpost language
giving examples (page 144)
• • • • The first example is. . . For instance. . . Here’s an example of what I mean. . . Let me give you an example. . .
→ Convergence is also occurring in the realm of media ownership
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Two different assumptions about convergence:
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Advantages: a potentially better form of journalism
Disadvantage: It presents many threats to the most cherished values and standards of journalism (authenticity of content, source verification, accuracy, and truth)
→ Nowadays the new medium means anyone can publish something she/he wants to say as long as she/he has a computer and a modem. In this case , it is difficult to check the authenticity of content, to verify the source, to guarantee accuracy, and to stick to the truth.
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Unit Contents
Lead-in Text A Text B Text C Listening Writing
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
• Lead-in
– Lead-in task
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Lead-in
Task Watch the video clip and complete the sentences according to what you have heard.
1 The topic of the video clip is _______. e-books 2 The benefits of e-books include: They can ____________________; store hundreds of titles they are ________ and allow readers to _______________; they enable people to portable download books ____________________. read the story out loud 3 The number of e-book titles stocked by is 300,000 e-book titles __________________. 4 The reason to choose digital releases is to save on the costs of producing a book ________________________________. not as engaging as traditional paper books 5 The critics think e-books are _____________________________________. 6 The legal settlement dictates _____________________________________ Google has got the rights to millions of ________________________________ which is opposed by copyrighted titles instead of Amazon ___________________. Microsoft and Yahoo
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Read Para. 1 and find out the qualities of the new form of journalism ubiquitous news, global information access, instantaneous reporting, interactivity, multimedia content, and extreme content customization
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
• Text A
– Critical reading and thinking – Difficult sentences – English language for academic purpose • Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Signpost language • Formal English
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
English language for academic purpose
Collocations
• • • • • • • • the penny press in the twilight of multinational corporate behemoths mergers and acquisitions an ever-escalating race in the realm of There is no denying that Paramount is…
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
Difficult sentences
•
Paramount is the frequently held, techno-utopian assumption that convergence is a good thing and inevitable. (Para. 8)
→ The most dominant assumption describes an ideal world in which convergence is a good thing and will happen at any rate.
Do the tasks on pages 142-143.
Unit 7
Change in Journalism
Text A
Critical reading and thinking of Text A
Text Analysis
Supporting details: (Paras. 3-4) 1) The growth of a global economic system has rewritten the financial basis for journalism and the media in general. 2) deregulation 3) The end of Cold War has unleashed a variety of cultural and political forces