高三英语语法名词与冠词
高三复习+ 英语语法+名词、代词和冠词
●词法名词、代词和冠词单句语法填空1. sun rises in the east and sets in west.2.Y our friend Joe left me with the (impress) that he was interested in many things.3.M y parents aren’t at home tonight, so I have to cook dinner (I).4.I have been to the country twice, and I plan to go there third time this summer vacation.5.I n the last few decades, many animal and plant (species) on the island have become extinct.6.I t is honour to participate in the competition on behalf of our school.7.T he museum is looking for a (special) in embroidery to restore the work.8.T his is most interesting story, but it isn’t most interesting one I’ve ever read.9.L isa’s hair is longer and straighter than of her sister.10.W hat is on display is a photograph of my (uncle), which is one of the photographshe took during the vacation.11.T he purpose of the activity is to raise money for poor in the mountains.12.G enerally, electricity (consume) increases in summer because people use airconditioners to cool their homes.13.T oo much (expose) to the sunshine can darken your skin.14.T here was something wrong with my bike; I am going to buy a new .15.T his dress is not my style and I don’t like its color. Please show me .16.I often have breakfast at home, but this morning I had wonderfulbreakfast at restaurant across from my home.17.P arents are expected to teach their children how to deal with school (violent).18. of his two sons are university students. They study at the same school.19.W hat I want to tell you is that whatever decision you make, don’t regret .20.O f the two sisters in the photo, taller one is Lisa who is now a lawyer.21.I nfluenced by the Winter Olympic Games, more and more people begin to show interest in winter (amuse).22.I was disappointed that she made no (respond) to our questions.23.W hat a mess in (Mike and Jack) room. They are supposed to keep it tidy.24.T here are three new films on, but are worth seeing.25.T he (decorate) he bought for the New Year included spring couplets and windowflowers.参考答案1. The; the2. impression3. myself4. a5. species6. an7. specialist8. a; the 9. that 10. uncle’s 11. the 12. consumption 13. exposure14. one 15. another 16. 不填; a; the 17. violence 18. Both19. it 20. the 21. amusements 22. response 23. Mike and Jack’s24. none 25. decorations— 7 —。
英语语法(名词和冠词)
冠词知识点总结一、概念冠词是虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。
冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类。
二、不定冠词的用法1)表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2)代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.3)词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep aneye on / all of a sudden三、定冠词的用法1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.3)指世上独一无二的事物:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar ; the fox ;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich; the living 。
5)用在序数词和形容词的最高级形式及形容词only, very, same等前面:Where do you live? I live on the second floor.6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm.8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前:he People’s Republic of China9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人(或夫妇俩):the Greens11) 用在惯用语中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of), in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre四、零冠词的用法1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;They are teachers.3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success.4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water.5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;We go to school from Monday to Friday.6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:have breakfast,play chess8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I can’t write without pen or pencil.9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;如:by bus,by train;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town, church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital11)不用冠词的序数词;a. 序数词前有物主代词That’s his thirtieth birthday.b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last常见考法1.名词前不定冠词的用法;2.不用冠词的特殊情况;3对冠词与主谓一致的考查;4.定冠词与形容词、分词连用表一类人;5.冠词与姓氏的连用;6.有无冠词的意义及区别;7.冠词与such, so how, what等词的位置关系。
最新高三英语高考英语语法课件:名词与冠词
注1:fishes指不同种类的鱼,people是集体名词“人(民)” peoples指民族 注2:以ese结尾的国籍名词,如Chinese, Japanese为单复数同形
4)有些名词经常以复数形式出现,这些名词中有的表示 由两部分构成的东西(A),有的是以ing收尾的词(B), 也有一些其他的情形(C), 例如: A)scissors 剪刀, trousers 裤子,pants 裤子,shorts 短裤, jeans 工装裤,compasses 两脚规,scales 天平,glasses 眼镜。 B)belongings 所有物,surroundings 环境,greetings 致敬 doings 行为,savings 储蓄,findings 调查结果,shavings 刨花, earnings 挣的钱,sweepings 扫拢的垃圾。
baby----babies family---families pony-----ponies小马 city---cities country ---countries
注:以下以f或fe结尾的,直接加 roof---roofs gulf---gulfs 湾 chief---chiefs belief---beliefs proof---proofs safe---safes 保险箱 cliff---cliffs reef –reefs 暗礁 brief –briefs 纲要 注:handkerchief ---handkerchiefs / handkerchieves staff—staffs职员----stafves棒杖 (5) 以辅音字母+O结尾的,多数+es hero negro黑人 tomato potato echo 回声;回响[C][U] buffalo水牛,(北美)野牛 注:以元音字母+O结尾的,以及某些以O结尾的外来词,变成 复数只加S bamboo , zoo, radio , tobacoo , two , studio工作室, Piano, kilo,photo ,kangaroo袋鼠 (6)有的名词有两种复数形式。如:zero — zeros 、zeroes, volcano
高考英语_2019语法考点通关讲义:名词和冠词
第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词[析考点·规律探密]真题体验透视命题规律课提示:对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。
短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。
解答有关名词的题目时,一定要注意名词前的修饰成分,如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等,判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。
【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.3.(2016·四川卷)Any smell might attract natural enemies_ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.5.(2018·桂林市联考)To them,life is a _competition (compete)—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.6.(2018·济南期末检测)Julie is one of the women(woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions.7.(2018·漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.8.(2018·昆明第一中学适应性训练)Engelbart, the inventor of the computer mouse, developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer, obtaining a patent for it long before the mouse's(mouse) widespread use.[规律总结]1.提示词为名词时,分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变,则一般考查所给名词的复数形式;如果作定语表示“……的”,则一般考查名词的所有格。
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词
高中英语语法讲解一 冠词和名词1.冠词和名词一、不定冠词a(an)的主要用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。
表示one 概念。
eg. ①a girl 一位女孩 ②an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个。
eg. ① His father is a doctor. ② I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于表示时间、速度或价格等意义的名词之前,表示单位,译为“每一”。
eg.① The rent is $100 a week.D. 指某人或某物,意为a certain ,常用在第一次提到某人或某物时。
eg. ① A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。
E. 用于抽象名词前,表示抽象名词具体化。
(success,difficulty, failure,help, beauty, comfort,danger, pride, honor, pleasure,pity)eg. ① What a pleasant surprise you brought us. F. 表示“一次”、“一场”、“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。
eg. ① have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。
② have a good time ,have a wonderful supper ,have a good knowledge/understanding of ;have a population of ,have an income of ,cover an area of ,reach a height of 。
英语名词与冠词的用法归纳
英语名词与冠词的用法归纳一、名词的基本用法名词是指用来表示人、事、物、地点等具体或抽象概念的词语。
在英语语法中,名词有一些基本的用法,包括单数形式、复数形式、所有格等。
1. 单数形式名词的单数形式用来表示一个人、事物或概念。
例如:cat(猫)、book(书)、idea(想法)等。
2. 复数形式名词的复数形式用来表示多个人、事物或概念。
通常在名词的末尾加上's'或'es'来表示复数。
例如:cats(猫们)、books(书们)、ideas (想法们)等。
3. 所有格名词的所有格形式用来表示所属关系或归属关系。
通常在名词的末尾加上"'s"或"'"来表示所有格。
例如:John's book(约翰的书)、the dog's tail(狗的尾巴)等。
二、冠词的用法冠词是用来限定名词的词语,包括不定冠词"a"和"an",以及定冠词"the"。
1. 不定冠词"a"和"an"不定冠词"a"和"an"用来表示泛指或不确定的人、事物或概念。
通常用"a"来修饰以辅音音素开头的单数名词,用"an"来修饰以元音音素开头的单数名词。
例如:a cat(一只猫)、an apple(一个苹果)等。
2. 定冠词"the"定冠词"the"用来表示特指或已知的人、事物或概念。
它可以修饰单数名词、复数名词以及不可数名词。
例如:the cat(那只猫)、the books(那些书)等。
三、名词与冠词的特殊用法除了基本的名词和冠词用法之外,还有一些特殊的用法需要注意。
1. 特指某个领域或行业的名词在某些特定的领域或行业中,名词前面会使用定冠词"the"来表示该领域或行业的特定事物。
高考英语语法知识点总结
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高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词知识精讲
高三英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词【本讲主要内容】英语语法知识:名词、代词和冠词【知识总结归纳】1. 名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
名词在句子中可以作主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,名数词连用可以做状语。
在使用名词时,要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词,以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。
如:a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
而:many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前,much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。
2. 冠词:冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的意义。
冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。
a (an)是不定冠词,an用在元音发音开始的词语前。
如:an hour, an English book。
the 是定冠词。
1〕不定冠词:不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。
关于它的用法,用四个字概括,“每、一、类、某〞。
①表示“每日〞、“每周〞……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。
All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。
It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个〞,但仍译为“一个〞、“有个〞。
One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2〕定冠词的用法:①特指某人或某物,指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。
Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。
高中英语语法名词__冠词__代词
I.名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:desk time life book room honesty worker pencil computer Ⅱ.名词的分类1.名词分为专有名词和普通名词:.专有名词:表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称。
如:Asia;Washington,English,the United Nations, WTO, WHO.2. 普通名词:表示某些人、某类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
如:teacher;tea, peace, weapon(武器)。
普通名词又可进一步分为四类:1)个体名称:表示单个的人和事物。
horse , car, room ( 房间 ), apple, fan 风扇 picture.2)集体名称:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
people (人们) family army team, group3)物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。
steel;air, water ,milk, ink, gold, sugar.4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。
.health, life, friendship, patience2.名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词: 有单、复数之分,表示一个或多个。
a book一本书;two books两本书。
不可数名词:抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般不可数。
有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。
paper纸 a paper 报纸 glass 玻璃 a glass 玻璃杯;wood 木头 woods 树林 iron 铁 an iron 熨斗room 空间 a room 房间 chiken 鸡肉 a chicken 小鸡lamb羊肉 a lamb 羊 work 工作 a work 著作/工艺品youth青春 a youth (男)青年 relation 关系 a relation 亲属power 威力/电力a power大国 beauty 美 a beauty 美人/美的东西fire 火 a fire 炉火 hair 总称头发 a hair 一根头发water 水 waters 水 sand 沙 sands 沙滩light 光lights 灯光 kindness 好意 kindnesses 几件好事knowledge知识 a good knowledge of English精通英语custom 风俗 customs 海关 spirit 精神 spirits 酒精,情绪time 时间times 时代 tea 茶 a well-known tea 一种名茶pleasure 高兴 a pleasure 高兴的事Ⅲ.名词的数1.不可数名词1)不可数名词一般没有单、复数之分,包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
英语名词及冠词
英语语法——名词与冠词来源:普特英语名词一.定义什么是名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词,叫做名词。
如:baby 婴儿time 时间pencil 铅笔socialism 社会主义air 空气Shanghai二.名词的种类英语名词可分为两大类:1.普通名词(mon noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
如:soldier 士兵water 水pupil 学生health 健康machine 机器pleasure 快乐2.专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。
其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。
如:Lei Feng 雷锋Karl Marx 卡尔•马克思London 伦敦China 中国The munist Party of China中国共产党The Great Hall of the People人民大会堂The Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部1.1普通名词的种类普通名词可进一步分为:1)类名词(class noun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。
如:tractor 拖拉机panda 熊猫factory 工厂teacher 教员2)集体名词(collective noun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。
如:class 阶级,班herd 兽群crowd 人群army 军队3)物质名词(material noun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。
如:steel 钢gram 粮食fire 火cotton 棉花4)抽象名词(abstract noun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。
如:happiness 幸福life 生活work 工作whiteness 白色三.名词的数名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。
高中英语语法个人复习总结冠词
冠词冠词包括定冠词the(一般表特指)和不定冠词a/an(泛指一般的普通名词)一、定冠词the的用法注意读音:the desk the apple1、the +单数名词,表示一类人或事物eg: The horse is a useful animal.2、the +形容词,表示一类人或事物eg: the poor the rich3、口语中,谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物eg: Pass me the book, please.4、特指再次提及的人或事物eg: He bought a book yesterday. The book is on the desk.5、表示世界上独一无二的事物eg: the earth the sun the moon6、用在西洋乐器前(但一般不用在中国乐器前)eg: play the piano ( play erhu )7、用在姓氏复数前表示一对夫妇或一家人eg: the Smiths8、用在系数词前eg: the first the second the last9、用在形容词或副词的最高级前eg: the oldest the fastest the coldest注意区分下面两句话:most beautiful.the It'sIt's most(very) beautiful.另外当两个形容词或副词的最高级并列修饰同一名词时,后一个最高级前the可省略He is the tallest and (the) fastest in our class.10、用在方位词和某些表示时间的词组或习惯用语前eg: on the left/right in the east in the middle ofin the end in the morning/afternoon/eveningin the daytime on the other hand11、表示在世纪的某个年代eg: in the 1990's in the 1870s12、用在表示单位的名词前eg: by the hour/day/week/month/yearby the yard(码)/foot(英尺)Eggs are sold by the dozen.(注意比较:Eggs are sold by weight.)13、在某些专有名词前eg: the Summer Palace the Red Seathe New York Times the Bible14、用在表示身体部位的名词前eg: He gave me a pat(拍) on the shoulder.二、不定冠词a/an的用法注意使用:a bag an applean hour a useful box an unusual day1、a/an + 单数名词,表示一类人或事物) animal.狡猾的fox is a cunning(A eg:2、表示一个人或事物,起介绍作用eg: He is a doctor.3、说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小= the sameeg: The two shirts are of a size.Birds of a feather flock together.4、用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,具有“每一”的意思= per eg: 60 miles an hour 1000 yuan a month5、用于人名前,表示说话人对此人不认识,也可以表示与某一名人有类似性质的人或事物eg: A Mr. Smith(一个叫史密斯先生的人)came to see you this morning.He is a LeiFeng in our class.He wishes to become a Newton.三、零冠词的使用1、复数名词表示一类人或事物eg: Cows are useful animals.2、在表示人名、地名、国名、季节、月份、星期几以及节日的名词前eg: Tom Fujian China Spring May Sunday National Day但以festival表达的节日则要使用冠词eg: the Spring Festival3、一日三餐及球类前eg: have breakfast play basketball4、表示学科、棋类、颜色和感官名词前eg: maths play chess White is a beautiful colour.Smell is one of the five senses.称呼语或表示身份、职位、头衔的名词前、5.eg: Good morning, boys and girls. Where is Dad, Mum?Uncle Wang President Lincoln6、物质名词和抽象名词前eg: Desks are made of wood. Failure is the mother of success.7、与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前eg: by bike by bus by sea/land/air但如果换成其它表达就要使用冠词eg: in a boat on the bus take a taxi8、名词前有名词所有格、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、疑问词以及某些形容词(some/ any/ many/ much / little/ a little/few/ a few / each/ every/ either/ another/ both/ all/ no等)作定语时eg: Whose purse is this?9、以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时eg: day and night pen and ink husband and wife father and son master and servant(仆人) heart and soul brother and sister 10、某些介词连接的两个相对的名词时也不用冠词eg: face to face hand in hand step by step side by sidefrom top to bottom from beginning to end11、用as引导的让步状语从句,作为表语的名词提前且为单数时使用零冠词eg: Child as he is, he can answer this question.四、使用冠词与不使用冠词的差异eg: in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院at school/at the school in church作礼拜/in the church by sea乘船/by the sea未来/in the future从今以后in future in front of/in the front ofout of question毫无疑问;没问题/out of the question不可能五、使用定冠词与使用不定冠词的差异eg: the most important meeting /a most important meetingthe third time第三次/a third time第三次+又(再)一次in the distance在远处/at a distance稍远一些for the moment目前;暂时/for a moment一会儿a number of许多/the number of………的数量六、两个或多个名词并列使用时的差异两个或多个名词并列使用时,若指一个人或事物,则在第一个名词前加冠词,若指两个或多个不同的人或事物,则每个名词前都要加冠词。
英语之中名词、代词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词
(一)1.名词名词(Nouns)是词性的一种, 也是实词的一种, 是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
名词可以独立成句。
在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
2.代词是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
英语中的代词, 按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为: 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
3、动词, 就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。
基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词, 要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
根据其在句中的功能, 动词可分为四类。
4.形容词形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。
主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征5.冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前, 对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。
冠词可以说是名词的一种标志, 它不能离开名词而独立存在。
冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a, an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。
其用法相当于名词或者形容词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词, 数词分为基数词和序数词。
7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。
在句中不能单独作句字成分。
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类, 短语或从句作它的宾语。
(二)1.名词, 人或事物的名称3.代词, 代替名词或者数词(比如some就是代替数目)3.动词, 动作或状态4.数词, 表示数目或顺序(比如序数词, 5th就是表示顺序)5.形容词, 人或事物的性质或状态(因为形容词一般修饰名词)6.副词, 动作的特征或性状特征(因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词)7、冠词, 表示名词的泛指或特指8、介词, 表示名词或代词与其他词的关系(因为介词后面一半紧跟名词, 代词或其他名词性结构)9、连词, 连接词与词, 短语与短语, 句子与句子10、感叹词, 表示说话时的感情或语气(三)1.adj./ a.形容词用来描述一类物质的性质,状态,外貌,或人的性格特点,性质,品格如:big,happy2.adv./ ad.副词用来修饰动作或形容词,一般在句子中做状语用表示动作的进行怎样,或表示程度,特点,如:clearly,happily3.prep.介词连接地点,时间的一类词语,可以表示方位,时间.跟一些表示时间,地点的词连用表示介词词组如:in,to,on,under4.conj.连词用来连接时间,地点,原因,结果的一类词语如:when,beacuse,so5.num.数词表示数字的词,既可以是基数词,也可以是序数词如:one,two,first6.int.感叹词表示感叹的一类词,一般不加一解释,只代表感叹如:what,how,haurray7、vt.及物动词(后面要加宾语)行为动作的词如:do,finish,play8、vi.不及物动词(后面不加宾语)表示行为动作的词如:appear9、n.名词表示物体,物质的词如:pig,cow,man10、pron.代词代指一类人,事或物的词如:he,she,hers,his,things11.art = 冠词, article的缩写(四)在英语语法中主要把词分为8大类:1. 名词: 表示人、物或地方等, 如: John, teacher;table, pen;London;beauty.2. 代词: 用来代替名词, 以避免重复某个名词, 如: I, you, it, that, those, them.3.形容词:用来修饰或限制某个(些)名词, 如:good(man), white (paper), every(book), much(water), (John is)hon-est, (He seems)lazy.被修饰或限制的名词, 叫做主体词(head-word)。
高考高中英语核心语法详解 冠词
高考高中英语核心语法详解冠词冠词1.核心理解: 冠词其实属于限定词中的一种,最为常见,具体属于中位限定词。
2.分类:不定冠词a/an;定冠词the;零冠词;3.不定冠词(1)核心理解:a/an视为one的弱化,其内涵是说数量一个,单数概念;用于泛指,就是指事物中的任意一个,一类或一种。
例:She bought a cat.她买了一只猫。
He is an expert on DNA.他是DNA方面的专家。
(2)语音规则:a+辅音音标开头的单词;an+元音音标开头的单词。
例:a small island / an islanda European / an American4. 定冠词the (请参阅之前所发文章“词频01the”)5.零冠词:主要是名词本身,决定了不需要冠词,这种情况称之为零冠词。
(1)复数名词前用零冠词:Decisions in the EU are based on consensus.欧盟的决定是基于共识作出的。
(2)抽象名词前用零冠词:Wisdom is better than strength.智慧胜于力量。
抽象名词是概念化的东西,不是具体的事物,因此不需要特指或泛指,采用零冠词。
(3)专有名词前用零冠词:Beijing is a large city. 北京是个大城市。
专有名词的唯一性决定了要采用零冠词。
(前)中(后):(前修饰①限定词部分+前修饰②形容词部分)+ 中心词部分+ (后修饰部分)1. 核心理解:该位置的形容词在传统语法上称之为前置定语,主要用于描述名词,内涵是稳定不变,与名词本身所代表的常态不变类似。
2. 规则:该位置是形容词词性,只要放在该位置,一律视为形容词。
例:a diligent student 勤奋的学生a confusing plot 令人困惑的情节a broken heart 心碎3. 前②位置出现形容词词组前②位置是一个形容词词组,需要用一个连字符,构成复合形容词。
名词与冠词的搭配规则
名词与冠词的搭配规则名词和冠词作为语法中的重要部分,在句子中扮演着不可或缺的角色。
正确的搭配可以帮助我们准确地表达意思,增强语言的准确性和流畅性。
本文将介绍名词与冠词的搭配规则,帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、冠词的分类在英语中,冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。
不定冠词用来指代泛指的人或物,而定冠词则用来特指某一个已知的人或物。
二、名词与不定冠词的搭配规则1. 单数可数名词:当一个单数可数名词以辅音字母开头时,通常使用不定冠词"a";当单数可数名词以元音字母开头时,通常使用不定冠词"an"。
例如:- a book(一本书)- an apple(一个苹果)2. 复数名词:复数名词通常与不定冠词不搭配。
例如:- books(书)- apples(苹果)3. 专有名词:专有名词通常不使用不定冠词。
例如:- Mary is a doctor.(玛丽是一名医生。
)- London is a big city.(伦敦是一座大城市。
)三、名词与定冠词的搭配规则1. 单数可数名词:当我们特指某一个已知的单数名词时,使用定冠词"the"。
例如:- The book on the table is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。
)2. 复数名词:当我们特指某一组已知的复数名词时,也使用定冠词"the"。
例如:- The students in my class are all hardworking.(我的班级里的学生都很努力。
)- The books on the shelf are all in good condition.(书架上的书都保存完好。
)3. 特殊搭配:有一些特殊的名词与冠词的搭配规则需要特别注意,例如:- 表示乐器、船舶、交通工具的名词通常不带冠词。
例如:play piano(弹钢琴)、by plane(乘坐飞机)。
定冠词和名词:选择正确的名词
定冠词和名词:选择正确的名词在英语语法中,定冠词(definite article)和名词(noun)是基础性的语法元素,它们在句子中的使用严格要求正确。
本文将从定冠词和名词的基本概念入手,探讨选择正确的名词的方法与技巧,以提高我们的英语写作水平。
一、定冠词的基本概念定冠词是表达特指的冠词,即不是泛指的人、事、物,而是特定的人、事、物。
定冠词包括英语中的“the”,没有复数形式,只有一个形式提供给所有名词使用。
二、名词的基本概念名词是指表示人、事、物或概念的词语。
名词的基本特点有两个:一是可以直接在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等;二是一般可以变成复数形式。
三、选择正确的名词1. 单数名词当我们需要讨论某一个特定的人或事物时,可以使用单数名词。
例如,“The cat is cute.”(这只猫很可爱。
)2. 复数名词当我们需要讨论多个事物时,可以使用复数名词。
例如,“The cats are cute.”(这些猫很可爱。
)3. 不可数名词不可数名词指的是无法计算的事物,例如水、爱情等。
当我们需要讨论不可数名词时,不需要使用定冠词。
例如,“Love is beautiful.”(爱情是美丽的。
)四、注意名词的用法1. 名词前的修饰词名词可以通过冠词、形容词、副词等修饰,以提供更多的信息。
例如,“The beautiful flowers are blooming.”(美丽的花朵正在绽放。
)2. 名词的所有格名词所有格用于表示所有关系,即名词所属于某人或某事物。
一般情况下,在名词后面加上“’s”来表示所有关系。
例如,“Tom’s book”(汤姆的书)。
五、名言名句引用名言名句在文章中引用可以提升文章的语言表达和文采。
例如,鲁迅曾说过:“读书五步曰:财源、治疆、清廉、正法、修身。
”这句话警示我们要通过读书来提升自己。
六、总结通过本文的讨论,我们了解了定冠词和名词的基本概念,并学会了选择正确的名词的方法与技巧。
英语语法专题名词和冠词ppt
are to animals. ( 06山东 ) A. as B. that C. what D. which
4.Engines are to machines ____ hearts
复合句的种类
without mentioning ____ his teammates had done. ( 06上海 ) A. what B. which C. why D. while
名词复数的规则变化(5)
a tomato some tomatoes some potatoes some heroes Heroes love tomatoes and potatoes.
名词复数的不规则变化(1)
foot -- feet child - children tooth -- teeth mouse -- mice
exercise-exercises
名词复数的规则变化(3)
以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加-s变复数: two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
| |专有名词 | |
| 名 | | 个体名词 | |
| | | | 可数名词 |
| | | 集体名词 | |
| |普通名词 | | |
| 词 | | 物质名词 | |
副词,介词短语或句 子
He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语 补足语
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形容词,名词,介词 短语等
She always keeps the house clean.
高考英语语法语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词
高中英语语法系统讲解之一名词和冠词名词一. 名词的分类1. 普通名词:○1个体名词,如man,woman,desk,pencil 一般可数,○2集体名词,如class,family,police,army 有单、复数形式。
○3物质名词,如meat,rice,cotton,iron 一般不可数,○4抽象名词,如life,help,happiness,sadness 没有单、复数之分。
2. 专有名词,如England,Shanghai,London,Smith,Karl Marx二. 名词的数1. 可数名词单复数变化形式可数名词是表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。
可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式,有些词单复数形式相同。
单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
○1规则变化A. 单数名词词尾直接加-s。
如bo y—boys,pe n—pens。
B.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词一般加-es。
如glas s—glasses,bo x—boxes,watch—watches。
C. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es。
如baby—babies,lady—ladies。
D.以o结尾的词有些加-es。
如tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes。
以“元音+ o”或“oo”结尾的词和一些以“o”结尾的外来词只加-s。
如radi o—radios,zoo—zoos,photo—photos,piano—pianos,kilo—kilos,tobacco—tobaccos。
E. 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f或fe为v,再加-es。
如wif e—wives,life—lives,knife—knives,wolf—wolves,self—selves,leaf—leaves。
特例:handkerchie f—handkerchiefs或handkerchives,roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs,belief—beliefs,cliff—cliffs。
高考英语复习之语法填空名词与冠词
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[解析] A 考查状语从句。题干中主句谓语动词用现在完成时,从句中谓语动词用一般过去时,由题干意思可知所填词意思是“自从”,故选A。句意:自从我从国外回来后,我已经听说了很多关于你的好事。
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返回目录
[解析] B 考查强调句型。句意:只有在读了这些文件后,格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。此句是对only引导的时间状语从句的强调。省略了It was…that之后,句子结构仍完整。
返回目录 [解析] B 考查动词的时态。句意:——我不解的是你昨天下午怎么不去听讲座。——对不起。但是(当时)我正在做家庭作业。很显然,“听讲座”和“做家庭作业”是同时进行的。因此,要用过去进行时。
[解析] D 考查动词的时态。此处在催促孩子们,因为车正在等。句意:孩子们,快点!校车正在等我们!
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专 题 导 读
专题一 名词与冠词
真 题 典 例
1.[2013·辽宁卷] To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues. A.that B.one C.ones D.those
[解析] D 考查代词。句意:这是一个非此即彼的情形——今年我们可以购买一辆新车,也可以去度假,但是我们不能两者兼得。前面已经提到要么做这件事,要么做另外一件事,只能选其一,所以后面是一个部分否定。not…both表示部分否定。
专题一 名词与冠词
真 题 典 例
7.[2013·浙江卷] Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. A.these B.some C.ones D.those
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高三英语语法名词与冠词1. Some researchers are finding that daydreaming may be important to _____ mental health. Daydreaming, they say, is _____ good means of relaxation.A. the; /B. /; theC. /;/D. /; a2. --My son is lost. Did you see a boy pass by here?--I saw ___ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.A. a; theB. /; theC. a; /D. /; the3. Every day my parents are very busy trying to earn _____ money in order to pay _____ high tuition for my brother and me.A. /; /B. /; theC. the; theD. the; /4. The aging population in China will cause _____ heavy burden on _____ whole society in the future.A. the; aB. the; theC. a; theD. /; /5. In the face of _____ failure, it is the most important to keep up _____ good state of mind.A. /; aB. a; /C. the; /D. /; the6. If I drive in this city myself, I’ll probably get lost because I haven’t got _____ good sense of _____ direction.A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; a7. It shows how _____strong friendship can last through _____ worst possible times.A. a; theB. a; aC. /; /D. /; the8. Money plays an important role in ____ material world. But expecting ____ money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.A. a; theB. the; /C. /; /D. the; the9. Now, she is planning _____ new career and her once-broken heart is filled with _____ hope.A. a; theB. /; theC. the; /D. a; /10. Paper money was in _____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____ thirteenth century.A. the; /B. the; theC. /; theD. /; /11. It will take hours for all the students to cross the river because we can only ferry _____ class at _____ time.A. the; aB. a; theC. /; aD. one; a12. It is reported that _____ European chemist called Felix Hoffmann first produced ASA which completely changed ____ man’s understanding of aspirin.A. a; /B. an; aC. the; aD. an; /13. The warmth of ____sweater will of course be determined by the sort of____ wool used.A. the; theB. the; /C./;theD. /; /14. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____ leg.A. aB. oneC. theD. his15. You have left ______ “n” out of “announce”.A. aB. anC. theD. this16. -- What new subject are you going to have in ____ second grade?-- I’m going to learn ____ second foreign language.A. a; theB. the; aC. the; /D. /; a17. About 689,000 laptops were sold in China in _____ second quarter, _____12.1 percent increase from a year ago.A. a; aB. the; aC. the; theD. a; the18. This is _____ third time you’ve made the same mistake. I don’t want to see _____ fourth time.A. the; aB. the; theC. a; theD. a; a19. Towards _____ evening, _____ heavy rain began to fall.A. the; aB. /; aC. /; theD. the; /20. Jack couldn’t remember the exact date of the earthquake, but he knew it was ____ Saturday because everybody was at ____ church.A. /; theB. a; /C./; aD. the;/21. On _____ typical summer day here, the temperature can rise from 37℃before_____ sunrise to 27 within 3 hours.A. the; theB. the; /C. a; /D. a; the22. It is not rare in ____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for further education.A. 90s; theB. the 90s; /C. 90s; theirD. the 90s; their23. _____ library building in our school was completed in _____ May of 1998, not in _____ April, 1997.A. A; /; /B. The; the; /C. A; the; /D. The; /; /24. Apples are usually sold by ____ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by ____ dozen.A. the; theB. /; aC. /; theD. the; a25. At noon we reached _____ small village _____ east of _____ Summer Palace.A. the; the; theB. a; /; theC. a; the; theD. a; /; /26. As _____ humorous people, _____ British like playing a joke on others.A. the; /B. /;C. a; theD. the; the27. I know you don’t like _____ music very much. But what do you think of _____ music in the film we saw yesterday?A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the28. While everyone considers Jenny ______ beauty, she herself has no sense of ______ beauty.A. a; /B. a; theC. the; aD. /; the29. His daughter is always shy in _____ and she never dares to make a speech to _____.A. the public; the publicB. public; the publicC. the public; publicD. public; public30. When the spaceship traveled above, _____ new-looking earth appeared before us, _____ earth that we had never seen before.A. a; theB. the; anC. /; theD. a; an31. _____ England of those years was _____ England in peace.A. /; /B. The; anC. The; /D. /; an32. -- What do you usually have for _____ breakfast?-- I never have _____ breakfast, for I always get up too late, but this morning I had quite _____ big breakfast.A. /; /; /B. /; /; aC. the; the; aD. the; the; /33. To everyone’s surprise, _____ painting, _____ simple design of some natural scenery, won the first prize in the competition.A. a; theB. the; aC. a; aD. the; the34. Some people argue using _____ nature to meet our own needs may spell disaster, unless we start to look around and understand how _____ clean environment benefits us all.A. /; aB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a 35. He is ____ teacher that all of us like him.A. a such goodB. such good aC. a so goodD. so good a36. Many ____ scientist wants to be ____ second Newton.A. a; theB. a; aC. /; aD. /; the37. What ________ it is to travel in ________ spaceship!A. a fun; aB. fun; aC. the fun; aD. a fun; the38. Don’t worry if you can’t come to _____ party. I’ll save _____ cake for you.A. the; someB. a; muchC. the; anyD. a; little39. Our ancestors celebrated _____ birth of _____ child by giving away red eggs.A. the; aB. the; theC. /; aD. /; the40. __________ as he is, he knows a lot.A. ChildB. A childC. The childD. being a child41. $ 27,000! This is ______ amount _____ bachelor’s degree holder on America can expect to make above _____ person who hasn’t finished high school, annually.A. an; a; theB. the; a; aC. the; the; aD. an; a; a42. I’m sorry I’m forgetting your name for ____.A. a momentB. momentsC. the momentD. the moments43. He gained his ____ by printing_____of famous writers.A. wealth; workB. wealths; worksC. wealths; workD. wealth; works44. Although the city had been attacked by the storm several times, ____ was done.A. a few damagesB. few destroyC. little hurtD. little damage45. --What would you like, sir?-- ____.A. Two cups coffeeB. Two cups of coffeesC. Two coffeesD. Two cup of coffees46. The girl is quite ________to her mother now.A. a help B helpsC. helpD. helpness47. He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.A. newspaper’s writerB. newspaper writersC. newspapers’ writerD. newspaper writer48. The boy wrote ____ last week.A. a two-thousand-words articleB. two two-thousand-words articleC. a two-thousand-word articleD. two two-thousand-words articles49. There are ten ____ teachers and two hundred ____ students in the school. A. women; girl B. woman; girlsC. women; girlsD. woman; girl 50. Tom’s and John’s ____ came to London last week.A. father-in-lawB. fathers-in-lawC. fathers-in-lawsD. father-in-law51. --Where did you two have your ____ examined?--At the ____.A. stomaches; doctorsB. stomachs; doctorC. stomachs; doctor’sD. stomaches, doctors’52. Shortly after the accident, two ____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.A. dozen ofB. dozensC. dozenD. dozens of53. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____.A. setB. oneC. copyD. pair54. The city government decided to keep the old temple for its historical ____.A. priceB. costC. valueD. usefulness55. You can’t afford to let the situation get worse. You must take ____ to put it right.A. decisionsB. directionsC. sidesD. steps56. --Let’s try operating the machine right now.--Wait. Better read the ____ first. A. instructions B. explanationsC. informationD. introduction57. -- Do you like this_______ ofcoffee? I hear that it’s the latest one.-- No, I like the most popular one in the market.A. blockB. drinkC. formD. brand58. The new law will come into ____ on the day it is passed.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence59. Those football players had no strict ____ until they joined our club.A. practiceB. educationC. exerciseD. training60. We all know that ____ speak louder than words.A. movementsB. performancesC. operationsD. actions61. It’s important for us to employ a word or phrase to the ______ in language studies.A. situationB. expressionC. conditionD. translation62. Please leave matches or cigarettes out of the ________ of little children. A. hand B. reachC. spaceD. distance63. It is reported that great______ made to look into the case have paid off.A. attentionsB. effortsC. troublesD. cares64. --I’m sorry I stepped outside f or a smoke. I was very tired.--There is no ____ for this while you are on duty.A. reasonB. excuseC. causeD. explanation65. --John is very bright and studies very hard.--It’s no ____ he always gets the first place in any examination.A. doubtB. problemC. surpriseD. wonder66. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ____ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.A. interestB. viewC. sceneD. attraction67. We have missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no _______ but to take a taxi.A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection68. -- What can I do for you?-- I’d like to have a _______ of China Daily.A. pieceB. sheetC. lotD. copy69. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ____.A. intentionB. attemptC. purposeD. desire70. Chinese arts have won the _______ of a lot of people outside China.A. enjoymentB. appreciationC. entertainmentD. reputation71. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good ____.A. sightB. spareC. viewD. look72. I’m sorry I hurt your feelings; it wasn’t my ________.A. ideaB. thoughtC. mindD. intention73. He can speak English, German, French and Japanese. He is really a man with a(n) ____ for language.A. giftB. presentC. abilityD. skill74. -- ________ he didn’t eat so noisily!-- He’s always that _________.A. If; mannerB. Why; kindC. If only; wayD. On condition; method75. For a long time they walked without saying _______ word. Jim was the first to break _____ silence.A. the; aB. a; theC. a; /D. the; /76. You can’t find ________ word blid in an English dictionary because there is no such _____.A. the; /B. the; aC. a; aD. /; a77. He left ____ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep ____.A. words; his wordsB. word; his wordC. word; wordD. the word; his words78. They are all _____.A. ChinesesB. GermenC. the FrenchD. Swiss79. He put down his gun and picked up _____.A. the one of JackB. Jack’sC. Jacks’D. Jack gun80. Liu Xiang is _____ first Chinese who has won _____ one-hundred-meter hurdle gold medal in the Olympic Games.A. the; aB. a; aC. the; anD. a; the81. Mr. Smith told us that ____ gold medal his son has got was considered ____ great honor to the whole family.A. the;/B. the; aC. a; aD. a; the82. Reading extensively can satisfy _____ desire for _____ knowledge.A. the; /B. /; /C. a; theD. /; the83. In my opinion, _____ Chinese language is _____ beautiful language. We must gain _____ good knowledge of it.A. the; a; aB. /; a; /C. the; a; /D. /; a; a,84. --We spent all our money because we stayed at___most expensive hotel in town.--Why didn’t you stay at ____ cheaper one?A. the; theB. the; aC. a; aD. a; the85. When you finish reading the book, you will have _____ better understanding of _____ life.A. a; theB. the; aC. /; theD. a; /86. -- Did you enjoy yourself at the party?-- Yes. I have never been to _____ one before.A. a more excitedB. the most excitedC. a more excitingD. the most exciting87. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone else in the class has ____ IQ.A. a highB. a higherC. the higherD. the highest88. All our efforts will certainly lead to _____ more peaceful and more advanced world, _____ place where everyone enjoys his life and freedom.A. the; aB. /; theC. a; aD. the; the89. According to Newton’s Laws of Motion, in _____ world without _____ friction, a moving object would keep moving until another force was felt.A. the; /B. a; /C. /; aD. /; the90. Wouldn’t it be _____wonderful world if all nations lived in _____ peace with one another?A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the91. -- What do you think of _____ president?-- I didn’t care for him at first, but after _____ time I got to like him.A. the; aB. /; theC. the; theD. /; a92. Appointed as _____ ambassador to the UN, he was determined to serve his country _____ heart and soul.A. the; theB. an; theC. /; /D. the; a93. --Do you know the result of ____ presidential election in the USA in November?--Barack Obama was elected _____ president of the United States.A. /; theB. the; theC. the; /D. /; /94. _____ teacher of my grandfather’s will come tomorrow. I’m wo ndering how old ______ man he should be.A. The; theB. A; aC. The, aD. A; the95. Will you please tell me _____ you are talking about?A. which Zhang Yimou’s filmB. which film of Zhang YimouC. which film of Zhang Yimou’sC. Zhang Yimou’s which film96. _____ have moved to the countryside.A. The WangB. The WangsC. WangD. Wangs97. What ____ wonderful time we had at ____ Browns’ then!A. a; /B. a; theC. /; theD. the; the98. --Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on ____ phone.--Who is calling?-- ____ Mr. Green. I don’t know who he is.A. /; AB. the; /C. the; AD. /; /99. -- Where’s Jack?-- I think he’s still in ____ bed, but he might just be in ____ bathroom.A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the 100. Tell her not to stay in _____ hotel nest time she comes here. I can find _____ bed for her in my flat. Now I’msleepy and I want to head for _____ bed.A. the; /; /B. a; /; aC. the; a; /D. the; a; the;。