2006年全国统考医学考博英语真题

2006年全国医学考博统考考博英语真题31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account.A.cancelledB.endorsedC.cashed cash a check以支票兑换现款D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。

32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school ___ her raceA.. by virtue of .依靠, 由于B.in accordance withC.with respect toD.on account of33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting.A..standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现C.sitting in参加D.filling in34The witness was.___ by the judge for failing to answer the questionA. sentencedB.threatenedC.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催D.jailed监禁35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried.publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上A..put off搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻ugh off v.用笑摆脱C.pay off v. 报复, 赢利y off v.解雇, 停止工作, 休息, 划出36.It is sheer ___ to be home again and be able to relax.A.prestige n.声望, 威望, 威信B.paradise天堂C.prideD.privacy秘密, 私事In such matters, privacy is impossible.在这类事情中, 保密是不可能的。

We must respect other's -cies我们不该打听他人的私事37.During rush hour.Downtown streets are ___ with commuters. commuter n.通勤者, 经常往返者A.scatteredB.condensed(使)浓缩, 精简C.clogged堵［阻］塞（up）塞［堵，阻］满（with）D.dotted38.Someone who is in ___ confinement监禁,拘留is kept alone in a room in prison.A. preciseB.solitary solitary confinement 单独拘禁C.remoteD.confidential39.She is very ___ , and will be able to perpform all require tasks well.A.productiveB.flexibleC.sophisticatedD.versatile40.Various books and papers are ___ up togethir on her desk.A.jumbled adj.混乱的, 乱七八糟的B.tumbledC.bumbled v.拙劣地做, 弄糟,n.大错误D.humbledSection B41. ___ A..B.C.D.42.Sunny periods will be interspersed with occasionsl shower intersperse with.点缀着,不时用...打断...A.interrupted .B.blockedC.blendedD.interested43.___ A..B.C.D.44.___ A..B.C.D.45.___ A..B.C.D.46.She kept to her point tenaciously and would not give away. tenacious adj.顽强的A..persistently坚持的, 百折不挠的; 固执的B.constantly稳定的，不变的;忠实的，忠贞不渝的C.perpetually永恒地, 终身地D.vigorously精神旺盛地47.___ A..B.C.D.48. I am just fed up with his excuse for not getting his work done fed up with受够了...A..anguished at 使痛苦[苦恼, 悲痛]B.annoyed at be annoyed with sb. at sth.对(某人)为(某事)而生气C.agonized by烦恼的, 极度痛苦的D.afflicted by使苦恼, 痛苦, 折磨beafflicted with gout害痛风病49. Let’s get out the dictionary and settle this dispute once and for all.断然地, 坚决地A..at the momentB.at any timeC.for a whileD.for the last time50.I was so absorbed in my work that I completely forgot the time.A..engraved 雕刻B.engrossed 全神贯注的C.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强.D.enveloped完型填空Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments,it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock文化冲击is precipitated by the 51 that result from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousands and one ways in thich we 52 ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say,when we meet people, when and how to give tips,how to make purchases,when to accept and when to 53 invitations,when to take statements seriously and 54 .These cues,which may be words,gestures,facial expressions,customs,or norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are 55 a part of our cultrue as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend 56 our peace of mind内心的宁静and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues,most of which we do not carry,57 conscious awareness.Now when individual enters a strange culture,all or most of these familiar cues are 58 .He or she is like a fish out water.No matter how broad-minded气量大的or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props小道具have been knocked 59 you,followed by feeling of frustrations and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because theymake us feel bad.”When foreigners in a strange hand get together to grouse埋怨about the 60country and its people.You can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.plaint B.anxiety C.grief D.conflict斗争, 冲突52.A.convert B.associateC.orient I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions.我还未能使自己的观点适应新情况。

D.familiarize53.A. refuse B.welcome C.deliver D.withdraw54.A.why not B.what not C.when not D.where not55.A.as much B.as such C.as well D.as if56.A.on B.with C.as D.for57.A.on the level ofB.in accordance withC.be means ofD.in view of考虑到, 由于58.A.adjusted B.modified C.rejeted D.removed59.A.from behind B.from under C.out of D.away from60.A.guest B.target C.host D.masterpassage 2High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace is taking its toll代价,according to science writer James Gleick. It’sas if the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into扩大为the “hurry sickness ”of the many.“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰and generally rushed than ever before”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎Everything,a survey of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster. Technology has conditioned us to expect instant results.Internet purchases arrive by next-day delivery and the microvave delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssible—and increasingly obligatory义务的—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates on network newscasts dropped from 40 secinds in 1868 to 10 seconds in 1998 ; and some fast-food restaurants have added express lanes小路.High expectations for instant service方便的服务make even the brief wait for an elevator seem interminable(漫长的). “A good waiting time is in the neighborhood of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然upset”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour高峰时间drivers fuming when a single accident halts the evening commute,people surfing the internet 网络冲浪squirm if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is notinstantaneous即刻的.And the concert of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative.Up-tempo快速living has turned people multitaskers-eating while driving,writing an e-mail whiletalking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to these new levels of stimuli as high-speed culture challenges our brains“in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war”.We may gain the flexibility to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus i n depth深入的on a single task. 66．with living pace getting quicker and quick,the number of those of “Type-A”behavior isA.on the riseB.out or controlC.on the declineD.under investigation67．High-speed living brings about the following consequences,exclusive of 除...外,A.superficial thinkingB.lose of controlC.waste of timeD.more haste68．The best conclusion can be drawn from the 3rd paragraph is thatA.techonlogy is building a fast-moving cultureB.we are living in the age of informationC.economy is booming with technologyD.the frantic pace is taking its toll69．As the author implies,the faster we live,___A.the less we doB.the less patient we areC.the more time we saveD.the more efficiency have70．Living faster and faster,the multitaskers tend___A.to scratch the surface of a thingB.to do things better at the same timeC.to be flexible with their time schedualsD.to have intense concentration on trivial thingspassage 3Imagine a disease spreading across the globe,killing mostly middle-aged people or leaving them chronically disabled.Then one day researchers come up with a drug that can prevent some of the disease’s nastier威胁的effects.You would think the world’s ageing public would be eternally grateful. The disease does exist.It is called tobacco addiction.The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema肺气肿.But the inventors have received no bouquets恭维话. Prevailing medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow杂耍的,distracting smokers from the task of quitting.Another experimental drug ,which could protect smokers against cancer ,is also viewed with suspicion because it could give smokers an excuse not to quit.On the face of从表面判断it these responses make sense.It is ingrained彻底的, 根深蒂固in society that smokers have only themselves to blame and their salvation拯救, 救助lies in a simple act of will.If they will not quit smoking,they cannot expect help from anyone else.But this logic is flawed有缺陷的.Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.Yet,even with nicotine gum齿龈, 口香糖,patches and drugs to ease the ordeal,the quit rate is still under 10 percent.In the UK , the proportion of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade.Tobacco has a powerful grip,and many smoker are caught in a trap they cannot escape:they have a disease like any other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.This reasoning is hard for many to swallow.It certainly leaves governments and anti-smoking groups in a bind处于困境,左右为难. They are happy to pay lip service to口头上支持methods for reducing harm---of which three are a growing unmber---but they are slow to create policies based upon them.European Union countries,for example,look years to指望, 依赖; evenconsider regulating the dangerous additives in cigarettes.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute冲淡,变弱,稀释the message that tobacco kills---especially when given to youngsters.But that message won’t change.In the present case,even if both drugs turn out证明是...to work in human trials,they would not protect against all the deadly side effects of smoking.And the drugs do not have to be free to all.They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors believe genuinely cannot give up.There are things that no drug aimed at harm reduction will ever be able to be.It will not cut passive smoking or stop tobacco companies persuading millions of teenagers to light up.For these reasons all other ways to counter smoking must continue,from banning tobacco advertising to raising tobacco taxes.But it would be a mistake to ignore the harm reduction measures.For those who are not convinced,forget smokers for a moment.Preventive drugs could also help non-smokers,especially those working long hours,as,say,musicians and bar stall in smoky rooms.Should we deny them too?71．The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that___A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD. the effects of the drug need further test on human trials72．The author argues that ____A.no smoker is expected to succee in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution to stop smoking need halpD. smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up73．The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs____A.are aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of chargeC.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate the dangerous additives in cigarattes74．The drugs,according to the author,are expected____A.to perform preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat against smokingD.all of the above75．we can draw a conclusion from the passage that___A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications满意and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives,we shouldn’t withhold it without good resaonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD. there will be a safe way to smokepassage 4Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs.Sucking ,which is the infant’s means of gaining both food and emotional security conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation.If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body cintact as well as good mild intake,if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment,the child is more likely to shrive both phgysically and emotionally.On the other hand,if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied,or handle the child hostilely during the feeding,or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child,the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age.If ,in addition,the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance,he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments.If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food,then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts.If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable,then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables.If mealtime is a happy and significant event,then the will tend to think of eating in those terms.And if a family eats quickly,without caring what is being eaten and whilefighting at the dinner table,then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it.This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to 醒悟the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake.Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that ,for example,a Jew,whose religion forbids the eating of pork,might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork.An older Roman Catholi might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Ffiday,traditionaly a fish day.76．A well-breast-fed child____A.tends to associated foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the futrue77．while sucking ,the baby is actually___A.conscious of the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with his or her motherC.creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused78．A bottle-fed child___A.can be healthy physiologically,but not emotionallyB.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throught lifeC.is deprived of emotional needsD. is rid of physiological needs79．From the list of eating habits,we learn that____A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment80．A Jew or an older Roman Catholic___A.takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD. observes遵守an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environmentPassage 5Several classes of bitter苦的citrus compound have looked promising as anticancer agents in laboratory tests.A new study indicates that long-term consumption of orange juice.A source of such chemicals cuts cancer risk in rats.In test-tube studies,one class of the bitter compounds-flavonoids类黄酮-has inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells.Related studies showed that bitter citrus柑桔limonoids similarly ward off 挡住cancer in animals.Mulling深思over such data,Maurice R Bennink of Michigan State University in EastLansing wondered whether drinking orange juice would have a beneficial effect. mull sth. over(=mull over sth.)反复考虑某事His team injected 60 young rats with a chemical that causes colon cancer and then raised half of the animals on a normal diet.The others received orange juice instead of drinking water-and less sugar in their food to compensate for sugars in the juice.At an American Institute for Cancer Research meeting last week in Washington D.C.. Bennink reported that after 7 months 22 of the animals receiving a normal diet had developed colon cancers.Only 17 of the rats on the orange-juice diet showed tumors.That’s 77 percent of the control group’s incidence.Concludes Bennink,whose work was supported by orange-juice producer Tropicana products of Brandenton,Fla…“These data show orange juice helps protect against cancer”,He says that the study might also apply to breast,prostate,and lung cancers.Bandaru S.Reddy of the American Health Foundation in Valhalla.N.Y.,was not surprised by Bennink’s finding of an orange juice benefit.However,he calls the reported risk reduction. unimpressive不令人信服的,his own data show that citrus limonoids protect against chemically induced colon cancer in lab animals.Luke K. T. Lam o f LDT Laboratories in St. Paul,Minn.,finds Bennink’s data “quite interesting.”although he describes as “borderline”边界线thesuppression of cancer incidence observed by m has inhibited tumors in the lung,skin and forestomach of mice with limonoinds.The scientists don’t know what compounds in orange juice underlie its effect.The juice is rich in one limonoid-a sugar-containing version of limonin柠檬苦素,which suppressed tumors in Lam’s rich in one experiments.It’s possible,Lam speculates,that rats convert the juice’s limonoid into limonin. Indeed argues Gary D,Manners of the Agricultural Research Service in Albany,Calif..“there is no doubt that these( anticancer) citus compounds are bioavailable in animals to the site of a cancer.The question remains whether they are similiarly available in people”. To find out,his team will soon begin measuring the human boy’s uptake 吸收of limonoids from orange juice.81.what made Bennink hypeothesize the protetive effect of orange juice?A.The wide consumption of the fruitsB.the citrus limonoids of the fruitsC.His own personal experience.D His promising research82.which of the following is true of the results of Bennink’s study?A.only eitht rats of the control group showed tumorsB.thirteen rats of the test guoup failed to show tumorsC.seventy-seven percent of the test group did not show tumorsD.only thirty-three percent of the control group showed tumors83.It can be inferred from the passage that Bennink___A.won much financial support with his unexpected results.B.had a commercial intention in the first placeC.tried to please orange-juice manufacturersD.found a right sponsor84.Both Reddy and Lam___A.seemed to be surprisingly impressed by Bennink’s findingsB.did not seem to be surprised by Bennink’s findingsC.did not seem to believe in the orange juice benefitD.seemed to be doubtful of Bennink’s findings85.From the passage we can learn that scientists are still in the dark about___A.the substance that supprisses tumorsB.che existence of bioavability in the human bodyC.the uptake of limonoids from orange-juice in peopleD.the bioavailability生物利用率, 生物有效度of citrus compounds in the human body.passage 6Just before dawn we received a call that an unresponsive infant was being brought by emergency medical services to our hospital.As the medical team--the pediatric resident,intern,respiratory therapist,nurse,and me---prepared for the incoming patient,an eerie可怕的silence enveloped the trauma外伤room,an event that frequently precedes先于 a pediatric resuscitation复活.The child arrived in our emergency department pulseless and cold,with compressions being performed on him in the arms of the paramedic护理人员(,Further history obtained by the paramedics indicated that the mother had left the infant alone in the home with two young children to watch.The child ,and upon her return the infant was found in bed not breathing and cold,As a medical team we sinultaneously performed multiple procedures,(intubation插管,insertion of intraosseous lines,administration of epinephrine肾上腺素,cardiac compression心脏按压),all to no avail无济于事.Twenty minutes after he arrived,Ideclared this 2-months-old child dead with a high suspicion of abuse of neglect.Everyone vacated the room almost immediately ,expcept for the nurse,who never left the child’s beside.I asked her why the needed to stay,and she looked at me and smiled,“why of course ,to be with my patient a little bit longer.”I knew the difficult part was yet no come;telling the family the bad news .The mother was still at home being interviewed by the police.The father had arrived from his place of employment to the emergency department minutes after death was pronuounced and not knowing the condition of his son.The father and I sat with chaplain to explain what we had done for the babyt.I could tell from the stunned look on his face that he knew before I finished my story that his child was dead despite this I said in muffled voice.“I am sorry your child passed away.”We walked slowly back to the resuscitation room.The infant,who onlymomints ago lay covered with blood and secretions oozing from 从伤口渗出every orifice孔,口,had been transformed.The nurse had left her patient,tending to him,cleaning him ,wrapping in soft blankets,and now presenting the boky to the grieving fathet.He seemed relieved to see his baby,no alive,surely but at peace and thus the man could begin in the mourning process.I again left the room tend to the busy emergency department;seeing patients somehow seemed to blunt my emotional response to what had jusft happened.As I listen to a resident present the next case,I saw the nurse carry the blanketed body of the child to the morgue停尸房.As I reflect on考虑, 反省this episode一段情节,I realized that our medical resuscitation of this child was futile无用的,as has been shown in childrin who present to the emergency department in full cardiac arrest心搏[动]停止.But it was the compassionate富于同情心的work of the nurse that ultimately made the difference in how we performed our job.86.Not until the pediatric resuscitation was over___A.did the paramedics find the infant unresponsiveB.was the infant left alone in the emergency roomC. was the infant’s further history obtainedD. was the infant declared to dead87.Thanks to the nurse,___A.the grieving father could see his baby finallyB.the medical team performed all the proceduresC.the grieving father arrive at the hospital in timeD.the baby was presented at peace to the grieving father88.when she saw the nurse carry blanketed body of the baby to morgue,the physiciaan must have been___A.blunted钝的, 生硬的B.movedC.puzzledD.all of the above89.what the nurse did when the resuscitation was over reflects___A.the awareness of law suitB.the human aspect of medicineC.a neglect of duty in medical practiceD.the lack of promptness敏捷the procedure90.The physician may do as the nurse did___A.to appreciate nuring careB.to cherish medical professionC.to embody medical compassionD.to improve pediatric resuscitations31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD 71-80ACCCC BCAAD 81-90DBDBD DDBBC。