英语语法：分词练习

现在分词和过去分词的用法区别

（一）分词的作用

·现在分词可用于：

·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.

·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.

·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。

·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.

·I saw many birds flying along the river.

·The story is very moving.

·过去分词可用于：

·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.

·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.

·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.

·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。

·e.g. a boy named Tom

·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.

·I’m interested in English.

（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别

1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。

2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。

（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤

（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分

（2）找准逻辑主语

（3）判断主、被动关系

（4）选定现在或过去分词

1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be playing

3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak

4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. inviting

5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

（四）分词作表语

共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。

不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. The news sounds ____.

A. encouraging

B. encouraged

C. encourage

D. to encourage

2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?

—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.

A. pleasing

B. please

C. pleased

D. to please

3. —How did the audience receive the new play?

—They got very ____.

A . excite

B . excited

C . excitedly

D . exciting

（五）分词作宾语补足语

共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。

不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.

A. lying

B. lie

C. lay

D. laying

2. —Good morning. Can I help you?

—I’d like to have the package ____, madam.

A. be weighed

B. to be weighed

C. to weigh

D. weighed

3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.

A. understand

B. understanding

C. understood

D. understands

4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.

A. moved

B. moving

C. moves

D. to move

（六）分词作状语

共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。

不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ，____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Having not received