虚拟语气PPT课件
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条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句, 一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示 的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故 采用虚拟语气。
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12
Biblioteka Baidu
1 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生, 其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型: 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
• If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
• If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
.
3
关于陈述语气 1
.
4
关于陈述语气 2
.
5
语气
祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来
表示请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等。 Let me do it. Please keep quiet in the reading room.
.
6
关于祁使语气 1
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7
关于祁使语气 2
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8
关于祁使语气 3
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some
other day.
A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I
.
17
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时,可省略if , 而把它们放在句首。
.
9
关于祁使语气 4
.
10
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
1) 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一 是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事 实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条 件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示 说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在 宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
.
11
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:
陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
.
2
语气
陈述语气(The Indicative Mood)用来陈述一
个事实,或提出一个看法,有肯定,否定, 疑问或感叹等形式。 People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV. Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after Xiaohua was born. How should we act towards people who have AIDS? What a brave girl!
.
14
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反 的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例):
表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况 表示过去情况 表示将来情况
过去式(did) (be常用 were) 过去完成式(had +done)
①过去式 (did)(were) ②should + do ③were to + do
6. 假如我是你的话,我现在就走。(与现在事实相 反,事实上我不可能是你)
.
16
注意: 在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用
"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
.
13
注意:
1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never
going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never
regret it. 2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用 shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现 在时的动词形式。
2. 要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。(与 过去事实相反)
3. 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
4. 明天要是天气好的话,我来看你。(与将来事实 可能相反)
5. 3. If I were you, I would go now.
If he comes, he will bring his violin. The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain B. rains C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
.
19
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:
三、错综时间的条件句(交叉虚拟)
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时,需 要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如:
.
would / could / might / should +动词原形(do)
would / could / might / should +have done
would / could / might / should + do
15
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
[例句]
1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
Should he fail in the experiment…
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come a few….
.
18
但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省 略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩 略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而 不能说 Weren't I to do.
.
12
Biblioteka Baidu
1 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生, 其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型: 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
• If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him tomorrow,…
• If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
.
3
关于陈述语气 1
.
4
关于陈述语气 2
.
5
语气
祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来
表示请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等。 Let me do it. Please keep quiet in the reading room.
.
6
关于祁使语气 1
.
7
关于祁使语气 2
.
8
关于祁使语气 3
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some
other day.
A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I
.
17
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
二、省略 if 的条件从句
当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时,可省略if , 而把它们放在句首。
.
9
关于祁使语气 4
.
10
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
1) 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一 是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事 实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条 件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示 说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在 宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
.
11
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:
陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。
.
2
语气
陈述语气(The Indicative Mood)用来陈述一
个事实,或提出一个看法,有肯定,否定, 疑问或感叹等形式。 People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV. Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after Xiaohua was born. How should we act towards people who have AIDS? What a brave girl!
.
14
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句),表示与事实相反 的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例):
表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况 表示过去情况 表示将来情况
过去式(did) (be常用 were) 过去完成式(had +done)
①过去式 (did)(were) ②should + do ③were to + do
6. 假如我是你的话,我现在就走。(与现在事实相 反,事实上我不可能是你)
.
16
注意: 在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用
"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
.
13
注意:
1) 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never
going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never
regret it. 2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用 shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现 在时的动词形式。
2. 要是你早来几分钟的话,你就能见到他了。(与 过去事实相反)
3. 2. If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
4. 明天要是天气好的话,我来看你。(与将来事实 可能相反)
5. 3. If I were you, I would go now.
If he comes, he will bring his violin. The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain B. rains C. rained
D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
.
19
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在复合句中的应用:
三、错综时间的条件句(交叉虚拟)
即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时,需 要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如:
.
would / could / might / should +动词原形(do)
would / could / might / should +have done
would / could / might / should + do
15
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
[例句]
1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
Should he fail in the experiment…
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come a few….
.
18
但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省 略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩 略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而 不能说 Weren't I to do.