2011海文考研付博翻译【完整批注版】

考研十训[引]

一训曰：汝不可因惰而随心所睡；

二训曰：汝不可移志而半途而废；

三训曰：汝不可随性而泡哥追妹；

四训曰：汝不可因苦而哭天抹泪；

五训曰：汝不可因闷而夜夜买醉；

六训曰：汝不可求闲而叫嚣疲惫；

七训曰：汝不可进步而自我陶醉；

八训曰：汝不可没座而迟到早退；

九训曰：汝不可因惧而错过机会；

十训曰：汝不可考上便吹嘘不累！

The fire is the test of gold,

adversity of strong man.

2011海文考研英语暑期大讲堂

主讲：付博

翻译

一．翻译标准及评分原则

1．翻译标准：

文质说：“弃文存质”vs “辞旨文雅”

【东汉·三支】

信达雅：“…信、达而外，求其尔雅…”

【清朝·严复】

信顺说：“以信为主，以顺为辅”

【现代·鲁迅】

创作论：“好的翻译等于创作”

【现代·郭沫若】

美学论：“翻译是一种艺术”

【现代·林语堂】

艺术论：“言、意不可分”

【现代·朱光潜】

意境论：“艺术创作性翻译”

【现代·茅盾】

神似说：“重神似而不重形似”

【现代·傅雷】化境说：“引…诱‟、避…讹‟、求…化‟”

【现当代·钱钟书】

“既须求真，又须喻俗”——【唐·玄奘】

a wonderful thing: it is so full of anguish and of magic and he never comes to

2．评分原则：分段计分

如何评分

拆分标准：

1.，；- ：

2.that, which, whatever, now that ….

3.X is | more A | than B

My interest in English has arisen, less through …… and more from ……

will be in front of A of B of C in D about E for F to do G done by H

在进化中自然选择所起的作用仅在一百多年前才得到阐述，而环境在形成和保持个体行为过程中所起到的选择作用则刚刚开始得到承认和研究（为人们所认可和研究）。

总结：

分段释义、合理调整、言辞贯通、书写工整

1．词义“明确化”

2．结构“清晰化”

3．语序“通顺化”

4．书写“工整化”

1.断句子，合短语

2.查词义，译局部

3.调结构，求连贯

4.工整书写

二．英汉差异及考试热点

英语：印欧 结构抽象紧凑形合

汉语：汉藏 结构具体松散意合

1．替换 重复

HSK

【汉】此物生南国。

【英】It grows in the south.

【汉】很多人从未出过国门。

【英】Many people never go abroad.

【汉】美国是当今唯一的超级大国。

【英】The USA is the only superpowers at present.

【汉】葡萄牙是一个比西班牙小的国家。

【英】Portugal is a smaller country than Spain.

【汉】国将不国，何以为家。

【英】When our fatherland is in great danger, there is no use to talk about sweet home.

【练习】

The monkey‟s most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, it had learned to solo on the vehicle.

【练习】

We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” W illiam Wordsworth said in the 19th century.

【练习】

Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. [2003, Translation]

【练习】

So it is a bit confusing when V os Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What‟s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?

【练习】

There will be television shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

2．抽象→具体

【英】Nature is the true law.

【汉】天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡。

【英】This novel was the beginning of his fame.

【汉】这部小说是他的成名之作。

【英】Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.

【汉】我发泄一阵之后，既没感到难过，也没感到遗憾。

【英】Most regions in China are mysterious and attractive, with Tibet in the lead.

【汉】中国很多地区神秘莫测，引人入胜，其中西藏位居榜首。

【练习】

Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers.

【练习】

There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.

3. 被动→主动

Mary was kissed by John.

If playing truant can be viewed as normal behavior, being punctual may be treated as students‟