食品专业英语

1、some bacteria produce harmful toxins or other chemicals that are not present in the food .
一些细菌产生一些并不存在于食物中的有害毒素或其他化学物质。

It is not the bacteria itself causes illness ,but rather the toxin the bacteria produce .
疾病不是细菌本身产生的，而是细菌所产生的毒素引起。

This can happen even if the pathogen itself has been killed ,as long as it had sufficient time to produce enough toxin before dying.
就算病原体本身已经被杀死它还是依然会发生，只要它有足够的时间在死亡之前产生足够的毒素。

2、Some bacteria enter the intestines live,survive the acidic environment of the stomach , and then produce a harmful toxin inside the human digestive system.
一些细菌进入肠道后，在胃酸中幸存，进而在人体的消化系统中产生有害的毒素。

Toxico-infection is a combination of the previous two examples in that live cells must be consumed , but the toxin is produced in the intestine and it is the toxin that really causes illness.
毒感染是前两者的组合的例子，活细胞必须被消耗，但在肠道内产生的毒素，它真的是导致疾病的毒素。

3、Viruses
Several viruses also cause foodborne illness. Viruses differ from in
that they are smaller , require a living animal or human host to grow and reproduce , do not multiply in foods ,and are not complete cells.
一些病毒也能引起食源性疾病。

病毒不同，他们是小的，需要一个活着的动物或人类作为中间宿主来提供生长和繁殖的环境，在食物中繁殖并不是完整的细胞。

Ingestion of only a few viral particles is enough to produce an infection .
只有摄入足够少数的病毒颗粒才会产生感染。

Humans are host to a number of viruses that reproduce in the intestines and then are excreted in the feces.
病毒会有许多复制在肠中，然后在粪便中排出病毒。

Thus , transmission of viruses comes from contact with sewage or water contaminated by fecal matter or direct contact with human fecal material .
因此，病毒的传播是通过粪便或与粪便直接接触。

Human pathogenic viruses are often discharged into marine waters through treated or untreated sewage.
人类致病病毒经常被排入水域，通过处理或未经处理的污水。

The other main source of transmission is from infected food workers who have poor personal hygiene
病毒传染的其他主要来源是食品工人个人卫生不佳引起的。

An infected worker can transfer viral particles to any food .
感染病毒的工人可以将病毒颗粒转移到任何食物中。

Therefore ,proper handwashing and using a clean water supply are vital to controlling the spread of foodbrone viruses.
因此，正确的洗手和使用清洁的水是控制食源性病毒传播的重要手段.
4、The incubation period for hepatitis A , before a person develops any symptoms , is anywhere from 10 to 50 days .
甲型肝炎的潜伏期是人产生症状的前10到50天。

It is during this period before symptoms appear that a carrier is most infectious and most likely to spread the disease.
出现症状之前，载体是最具传染性的和最有可能传播疾病。

Hepatitis A ,and many other viral and bacterial pathogen, is most often transmitted via a fecal oral route .
甲型肝炎，和许多其他的病毒和细菌病原体通常是通过粪-口途径传播。

The fact that a person is infectious even before they know they have the disease makes it different to control.
事实上，一个被他人知道曾得过传染性疾病的人必会得到不同对待
some parasites also cause foodbrone illness .parasites must live on or inside a living host to survive .the most common foodbrone parasites are Anisakis simplex, Cryptosporidium parvum , Toxoplasma gondii,Giardia lamblia,and Cyclospora
cayetanensis.Giardia ,Cryptosporidium,and Toxoplasma are all protozoa ,or single-celled organisms.。