重金属污染对儿童智力的影响

丰台区256名小学生体内重金属含量与智力和神经行为的相关性分析①石荣兴芦然吴岩程紫薇赵建忠②李洁北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心（北京）100071 【摘要】目的：了解丰台区学龄儿童体内重金属分布现状及其与儿童智力发育和神经行为的相关性。方法：采用整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取丰台区3所小学校的9-12岁的学龄儿童256名作为研究对象，进行文智力测验、神经行为测验、血样和尿样中铬、镍、砷、硒、镉、汞、铊、铅含量检测。结果：256名儿童血铅、血硒、尿砷检出率为100%,铊检出率为0,其他金属的检出率在10.3%至71.1%之间，儿童血铬、血硒、血铅，尿硒含量与IQ 正相关(P＜0.05)；血汞、尿汞与IQ负相关(P＜0.05)；儿童血砷、尿砷、尿铬、尿铅、尿硒与神经行为负相关(P＜0.05)。结论：研究区域儿童体内各金属均有检出应引起重视；汞对儿童的智商发育有不良的影响；硒对儿童智商有保护作用；金属砷，铬，硒，铊，铅对儿童神经行为发育有不良影响。

【关键词】重金属学龄儿童智力发育神经行为

The content of heavy metals in 256 students’body and its’Correlation analysis with intellectual and neurobehavioral in Fengtai District

SHI Rong-Xing ,LU Ran，WU Yan et al。Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing Fengtai District

【Abstract】Objective: To understand the present situation of children’s heavy metals in Fengtai district, to discuss that influence of heavy metals in children’s intelligence development and neurobehavioral functions。Method: Random sampling was used to choose 3 primary schools in the study area, and choose 256 students from grade 3-5 at age of 9 to 12 of these three schools. All the students were investigated with CRT (the second version) and Jinyi PsychomotorTest Battery (JPB). The level of blood and urine lead(Pb),nickel(Ni),chromium(Cr),cadmium(Cd),thallium(Tl),mercury(Hg),arsenic( As),selenium(Se) in children was detected by ICP-MS method. Use Excel2003 to establish database and use the SPSS19.0 to do statistical analysis.Results:256 children's blood lead, blood selenium, arsenic in urine was 100% detection ，rate of

thallium is 0, rate of other metal detection is between 10.3 to 71.1 percent, a children's blood chromium, blood selenium, blood lead, selenium content in urine is positively correlated with IQ (P <0.05); blood mercury, urine mercury is negatively correlated with IQ (P <0.05); child blood arsenic, urinary arsenic, urinary chromium, lead in urine, urinary selenium is negatively correlated with neurobehavioral (P <0.05). Conclusion: the study area were detected in children each metal should be pay much attention; mercury have adverse effects on IQ development of children; selenium has a protective effect on child IQ; metals arsenic, chromium, selenium, thallium, lead and neurobehavioral development in children have an adverse effect

Key words：Heavy metals; School age children; Intelligence; Neurobehavioral functions.

随着城市建设、现代化工业和交通的高速发展，环境中重金属污染日益严重。由于儿童血脑屏障发育尚未健全，对重金属毒性十分敏感，是环境污染的易感人群。许多研究表明，长期重金属暴露对儿童的智力和生长发育将产生不良的影响，易导致儿童智力和神经行为的损害[1.2]；也有研究表明，某些重金属（如：硒）对人体的影响有两面性[13]。本研究以学龄前儿童全血和尿中的铬、镉、镍、砷、硒、铊、铅、汞8种重金属作为测量指标，通过津医精神运动成套测验（JPB）和联合型瑞文智力测验（中国第二次修订版），旨在分析研究地区重金属暴露情况及其对儿童智力发育和神经行为发育的影响，同时探讨环境地区差异对儿童体内重金属分布的影响，为制定本地区儿童金属暴露干预措施提供科学依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 研究对象

按照研究地区地形特点（东西狭长）和学校的分布特点，将所有小学按照地理东部、中部、西部分成三个区块，从每区块中各随机抽取1所学校，共3所小学校。按照《中国疾病预防控制中心-环境重点污染物健康危害的监测评价与控制》要求，每所学校在3-5年级各抽取9-12岁学龄儿童80名，共240名，本研究实际抽取256名学生，其中男生136人，女生120人，男女比例为1.2:1。3年级104人，4年级81人，5年级71人；平均年龄（10.34±0.93）岁。1.2 研究方法