专题三 动词的时态和语态 有例句
动词的时态和语态（1）
动词的时态和语态（1）高中英语语法复习应围绕两大主题展开, 第一: 从句部分(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)；第二：动词部分（动词的时态和语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、虚拟、倒装），其中前三部分为复习的重点。
动词的时态 --- 基本概念1. 一般现在时例句1 --- You’re drinking too much.--- Only at home. No one ___ me but you.A. is seeingB. has seenC. seesD. saw正确选项为C, 说话人此时指目前一个经常性的行为。
例句2 I bought a radio here yesterday, but it ______ work.A. didn’tB. doesn’tC. won’tD. can’t正确选项为B, 说话人此时强调的不是动作发生的时间，而是东西的性质，即收音机的质量不好。
基本概念: 指经常性的行为或强调东西的特性，而忽略时间概念。
特殊用法: 主句为一般将来时，状语从句要用一般现在时（如强调动作的结果，可用现在完成时）。
例句1 I’ll tell him when he comes back.2 We’ll go out if we are free tomorrow.3 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.4. Please tell me as soon as you have finished it.(注意：主句是祈使句时，动作还没有发生，因此看成一般将来时。
)2. 一般将来时基本形式:A. will (shall) doB. be going to do两种形式有时可以互换，但A 更强调意愿；B更强调计划和安排。
例句1 --- You’ve left the light on.--- Oh, so I have. I’ll go and turn it off.2 I’m going to fly to Shanghai tomorrow.其它可表将来时的形式1) 表运动动词( come; go; leave; arrive, …) 的进行时--- 表计划或安排* He’s arriving tomorrow.2) be to do --- 表计划或安排* We are to meet at the station at six tonight.3) be about to do … --- “… 马上就要…”* The train is about to leave.be about to do … when… --- “ 正要… 突然…”* He was about to leave when the telephone rang. (此句为过去将来时。
完整版高考英语动词时态和语态讲解
时态语态〔一〕一般在表示:1.在的常性、性作 eg:IreadEnglisheverymorning.2.客真理、普遍公立、科学事eg:Thesunrisesintheeast.3.有的趣、好或能力eg:Helikesplayingfootball.4.存的性、特征或状eg:Thesituationisencouraging.5.介故事情、新eg:Workersfacetoughtimesabroad.6.按刻表或按定划、安排将要放生的作〔常如：come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,takeoff,return,stop,open,close等〕eg:Thetrainleavesat4:30p.m.注意：here,there,now,then等开的倒装句要用一般在代替在行。
如：Look!Herecomesthebus.一般去表示:1.去常性、性的作或状eg:Heoftencriedwhenhewasaboy.2.去某的状或作eg:Iwenttothebankjustnow.3.用于Ididn’tknow⋯或Iforgot⋯，表示不知道或不得，但在道或得的事情。
eg:Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.Sorry,Iforgottobringmybook.注意：表示去常生的作，也可以用“usedtodo⋯〞和“woulddo〞一般将来表示： 1.在看来以后要生的作或存在的状eg:Tomwillcomenextweek.2.事物的固有属性或必然eg:Oilwillfloatinwater. Fishwilldiewithoutwater.3.将来某个作的安排、划eg:HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.注意：将来常表达形式：will/shalldo;begoingtodo;betodo;beabouttodo 〔此形式不能与状用〕在行表示： 1.此此刻正在生的作eg:I’mstudyingEnglishnow.2.段正在生的作eg:Wearebuildingoursocialism.3.情况的性eg:Idon’treallyworkhere.Iamjusthelpinguntilthesecretaryarrives.4.与always,forever,constantly,continually 用，表示参上或等感情色彩，但并非作正在行eg:Heisalwayshelpingothers. Sheisalwaysforgettingsomething.5.按划、安排近期生的作〔只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等〕eg:Aforeigneriscomingtovisitourschool. I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.注意：不宜用行的作：感：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear情感：like,love,prefer,admire, hate,fear 心：wish,hope,expect,want,need,believe,thin,understand,agree,know,remember,forget 所有：have,contain,won,hold,belongto去行表示： 1.去某一刻或段生的作eg:HewaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday.2.与always,forever,constantly,continually 用，表示或无等感情色彩eg:ComradeLei Fengwasalwaysthinkingofothersneverthinkingofhimself.3.去划、安排好的将来作〔只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等〕eg:Hesaidhewasleavingthenextday. Iwastoldthetrainwasstartingsoon.注意：去行可用来描故事生的背景，如：Thewindwasblowinganditwasraininghard.去将来表示： 1.去某一刻后将要生的去作或去的意、打算〔主要用于从句中〕eg:She wassureshewouldsucceed. Ithoughtyouwouldcome.注意：把一般将来中的助成去式，便成了去将来的表达形式在完成表示： 1.在已完成或完成且在有影响的作eg:Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2.表示始于去持至今的作或状eg:He’slivedher esince2005. I’vetaughtEnglishfor15years.3.到目前止的一段内，多少次或第几次做某事eg:He’sbeentoBeijing severaltimes.It’sthethirdtimethatI’veseenthefilm.4.将来某将要做完的作〔限于和条件状从句〕eg:Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithas stopped.5.生在去的，但已成在的或eg:We’veallplayedwithsnowandice.注意：没有包括“在〞在内或不是截止到“在〞止的状不能与在完成用。
动词时态和语态总结
四、现在进行时 1.表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
We are having an English lesson. 2.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
The workers are building a new factory.
3.有时可表示即将发生的动作〔只限于go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive等动词〕这时常有一个
played table tennis almost everyday. 4〕在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。
They said they wo精u品lPdPTlet us know if they heard any news about him.
三. 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存
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二、一般过去时 1〕表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，
常与last week/year/ month/ spring, a few days ago, in 1998等时间状语以及when等连词引
导的时间状语从句连用。
We had a good swim last Sunday.
3〕用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌； Will you be reading anything else? When shall we be meeting again?
When I was young, I took cold baths regularly. 2〕表达过去连续发生的一件件事。
He got up early in the morning, fetched water,
动词时态语态笔记完整版(1)
一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don‘t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
例句：Do you often go shopping on Sundays?Does Tom usually have lunch at school?Are you a middle school student?Yes, I am.I don’t think you are right.Mary likes bread a lot, but she doesn’t like noodles at all. 1）表示事物长期的状态、性质e.g. I am a student.He knows a lot of English.2) 表示经常的或习惯的动作e.g. He always helps others.The old man goes to the park every morning.I get up early every day.3) 表示客观事实或普遍真理e.g. The sun rises in the east.October 1 is our National Day.二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：①be动词的过去式；②行为动词的过去式否定形式：①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加didn‘t，同时还原行为动词。
英语语法：动 词 的 时 态 和 语 态
英语语法：动词的时态和语态语态和时态学习英语的两大基础,是构成英语句型的关键,掌握了它们就为学好英语打下了坚实的基础。
所以用时必须熟练而准确。
小编在这里整理了相关知识，快来学习学习吧!一、一般现在时1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always,usually,seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week 等。
2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明。
5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于 go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come 等动词。
6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。
注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
7、用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus!How it rains!二、一般过去时等1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。
常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time 等。
2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。
3、用 used to do 或would do 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。
常见的有 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…等。
5、一般过去时可与 today, this week, this month 等时间状语连用。
三、一般将来时1、will/shall do(1)表示将来会出现的动作或状态。
高考英语考前冲刺Ⅲ专题06 动词的时态和语态 试题
2021考前冲刺英语Ⅲ专题06 动词的时态和语态创作人：历恰面日期：2020年1月1日【高考预测】1.常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和根本用法.2.主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法.3.情态动词 + have + 过去分词构造动词时态是高中语法的重点和难点，当然也就是高考的命题热点了。
判断时态的关键在于正确认定行为动作发生的时间是。
根据时间是状语直接地判断时态比拟简单，但必须牢牢掌握与各种时态连用的时间是状语。
同时，正确分析试题的时态语境是非常重要的。
这里的“语境〞是指上下文的时间是信息，入是题干所提供的对话，或者是单句，找出信息词，确定行为动作发生的时间是，从而判断句子的时态。
这仍然是命题的焦点。
【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和平一共处根本用法1 .He was hoping to go abroad but his parents __ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were decidingB. have decidedC. decidedD. will decide【错误解答】 Cit as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still workingB. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have workedD. have worked; are still working【错误解答】 C【错解分析】此题有两个不同的语境。
前者是在我参加以前他们已经干了一个星期，是过去的过去，用过去完成时；后者那么用如今进展时来表示目前仍然处于的状态。
时间是状语so far是修饰动作come out的。
中考英语备考 专题03 动词时态及语态（含解析）
专题03 动词时态及语态【考点综述】：动词是谓语动词所表示的动作或情形发生时刻的各类形式。
英语动词有16种时态，可是经常使用的只有9种：一样此刻时、一样过去时、一样以后时、此刻进行时、过去进行时、此刻完成时、过去完成时、过去以后时、此刻完成进行时。
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。
句子的主语是动作经受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。
被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词组成，时态通过be 表现出来。
动词是中考考查的重点，动词的时态和语态更是考查的重中之重。
动词不仅有人称和数的转变，而且有时态、语态、语气和非谓语形式等语法现象。
这些都是中考考查的内容。
【中考真题再现】：1. 【2021江苏南京】---Millie, where is Miss Li?---She _________ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year students in the hall.A. givesB. gaveC. is givingD. has given2. 【2021江西】— Have you had your b reakfast yet?—Yes. Mom _____ it for me.A. was cookingB. is cookingC. will cookD. cooked3. 【2021山东菏泽】—Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone.—I'm sorry. I football with my friends then.A. playB. playedC. am playingD. was playing4. 【2021陕西】The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it .A. inventsB. inventedC. is inventedD. was invented【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态及语态。
河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——动词时态,被动语态
一、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
如：I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。
常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。
例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。
大学英语语法专题练习(3)情态动词与动词的时态和语态
大学英语语法专题练习情态动词与动词的时态和语态1. Dinosaurs（恐龙）are thought to _____________ millions of years ago.A)die out B)have died outC)having died out D)dying out2. By next summer he _______________ at Harvard University for five years.A)will have been studying B)will studyC)have studied D)will be studying3. When Jim __________ his own house, he will install built-in stereo speakers in every room.A)has B)will haveC)had D)had been4. This is one of the rarest questions that ____________ at such a meeting.A)has ever been raised B)are raisedC)have ever been raised D)is raised5. I will overlook ________ so rude to my sister this time. But don’t l et it happen again.A)you to be B)you to have beenC)your being D)your having been6. At last she left her house and got to the airport, only __________ the plane flying away.A)to see B)sawC)to have seen D)having seen7. _________ ,the students knew it was time to begin class.A)To have heard the bell B)To hear the bellC)Heard the bell D)Hearing the bell8. He won't be free Saturday morning. He __________a meeting.A)shall be attending B)is attendingC)has attended D)shall have attended9. She ___________ to see you yesterday, but it rained heavily thenA)wished to have come B)must have comeC)came D)had to come10. By the end of this month, he ___________ his second novel.A)have finished B)will be finishingC)will have finished D)is finishing11. When he hurried to the airport, he found, to his great disappointment, his ticket and passport _______ at home.A)were left B)had leftC)to have been left D)had been left12. The policeman rushed to the spot the minute he ________ of the traffic accident.A)have heard B)heardC)hears D)will hear13. I want to go to school, but you _________ with me.A)need not to go B)need not goC)do not need go D)need go not14. He ___________ his parents about his failure in the examination.A)dares not tell B)dare not tellingC)dare not tell D)dare not to tell15. The structure of aircraft _________ all the time.A)is being changed B)has been changedC)is been changed D)is being changing16. Three officers narrowly escaped ___________ in the fierce battle.A)to be killed B)to kill C)having killed D)being killed17.-- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in the countryside last summer?--No, it __________for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A)was raining B)would be raining C)have rained D)had been raining18. Now that we ______ so far, we may as well go all the way.A )come B)are coming C)had come D)have come19. Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they _________better health.A)could have enjoyed B)have been enjoying C)had enjoyed D)are enjoying20. Whenever we visited them, they ____________television.A)have watched B)had watched C)watch D)were watching21. As we were cleaning the office, he ___________ here to work.A)was coming B)came C)comes D)is coming22. We have done things we ought not to have done and _____________ undone things we ought to have done.A)leaving B)left C)will leave D)leave23. The goods ___________ when we arrived at the airport.A)were just unloading B)had just unloadedC)were just being unloaded D)were just been unloaded24. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ____________in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.A)to be deserted B)to have been deserted C)having deserted D)having been deserted25. I appreciated __________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.A)having been given B)to have been given C)having given D)to have given26. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ________ with other elements, mostcommonly with oxygen.A)combined B)having combined C)combine D)being combined27. A beam of light will not bend round corners unless __________ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A)to be made B)being made C)made D)be made28. The delegation has already arrived, but I didn't know it ________ until this morning.A)will come B)had been coming C)was coming D)comes29. I don't think she'll be upset, but I'll see her in case ___________.A)she'll B)she is C)she does D)she would30. I __________ something unpleasant; they must be preparing hydrogen sulphide（硫化物）.A)am smelling B)have had smelled C)smell D)have been smelling 【key and explanation】1．答案B。
动词的时态和语态-PPT课件
9. The boys __w_e_r_e_p_l_a_y_in_g___ (play) basketball from 5:00 to 6:00 yesterday.Βιβλιοθήκη .19练习
.
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用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1. She _l_e_ft__ (leave) the office two
hours ago. 2. As son as she arrived home, the girl
discovered that she _h_a_d__t_a_k_e_n__ (take) her friends book by mistake. 3. Who _c_o_m__e_s__ (come) to school earliest in your class every morning? 4. Great changes _h_a_v_e_t_a_k_e_n_p__la_c_e__ (take place) in this city since 1979. 5. By the time he was twelve, Edison _h_a_d__b_e_g_u_n_ (begin.) to sell newspape21rs.
I’ll go to see you when I have time. I’ll go to see you if I have time tomorrow. 2. 某些动词，如：stand, continue, wish, love, like, hate, feel, find, think等常用一般现在时态
【英语】中考英语易错题专题三英语动词被动语态(含解析)含解析
【英语】中考英语易错题专题三英语动词被动语态(含解析)含解析一、动词被动语态1．Everybody _________ deeply after they heard the story.A. movesB. movedC. is movedD. was moved【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：每个人在听了这个故事之后，都被深深地感动了。
根据after they heard the story可知，这里用的是一般过去时，所以主句的时态也用一般过去时，故排除A 和C；everyone与move之间是被动关系，故选D。
2．—Who's the little girl in the photo?—It's me. The photo ______ 10 years ago.A. tookB. is takenC. has takenD. was taken【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：——照片中的小女孩是谁？——是我，这张照片是十年前照的。
句子主语是动作的承受者，应该用被动语态，时间状语是十年前，应该用过去时，故答案为D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
was/were+及物动词的过去分词，过去的被动语态结构。
3．Over $30,000 ______ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago.A. is raisedB. was raisedC. will be raisedD. has been raised【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:几个月以前，一个英国女孩为一所儿童医院筹集了三万多美元。
ago 多久以前，过去的时间，根据several months ago可知用一般过去时态;主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。
所以选择一般过去时态的被动结构，故选B。
4．Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _________each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.A. is createdB. was createdC. creates【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：在全世界，每年30亿吨的塑料被创造，其中大约10%在大海里告终。
英语语法中的动词时态和语态
英语语法中的动词时态和语态动词时态和语态是英语语法中非常重要的概念。
时态表示动作发生的时间，而语态则表示动作的主动与被动关系。
掌握好动词时态和语态的使用，可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思，提高英语写作和口语表达的能力。
一、动词时态1. 现在时态现在时态用来表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：I am writing an article.（我正在写一篇文章。
）2. 过去时态过去时态用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例如：She studied English last night.（昨晚她学习了英语。
）3. 将来时态将来时态用来表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
例如：We will go to the beach tomorrow.（我们明天要去海滩。
）4. 现在完成时态现在完成时态用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业。
）5. 过去完成时态过去完成时态用来表示过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。
例如：She had already left when I arrived.（当我到达时，她已经离开了。
）6. 将来完成时态将来完成时态用来表示将来某一时间点之前将会完成的动作。
例如：By theend of this month, I will have graduated from university.（到本月底，我将已经从大学毕业了。
）二、动词语态1. 主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：He wrote a letter.（他写了一封信。
）2. 被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如：The letter was written by him.（这封信是他写的。
）动词的时态和语态的正确使用对于表达准确的意思至关重要。
下面是一些使用动词时态和语态的注意事项：1. 时态的一致性在一篇文章或一句话中，时态应该保持一致，不要随意变换时态，以免造成混淆。
动词的时态和语态专题练习
动词的时态和语态专题练习The document was prepared on January 2, 2021高中英语语法时态和语态一．动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式.英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时.(一）一般现在时do / does1．具体用法1 表示经常性或习惯性动作We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助.He goes to school every day.2)表示现在的特征或状态He is very happy.Do you sing ----A little.3)表示普遍真理Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快.Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语.常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等.I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影.He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早.二一般过去时 did1表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用.例如：We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.2表示过去习惯性动作.例如：He always went to class last.I used to do my homework in the library.三一般将来时 will / shall do1表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态.例如：I shall graduate next year.2一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.如Crops will die without water.You won’t succeed without their support.3 几种替代形式：be going to +v在中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情.例如：I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money.be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有"必要"的强制性意义.例如：I am to play tennis this afternoon.be about to +v表示即将发生的事情.例如：He was about to start.be due to +v表示预先确定了的事, 必定发生的事.例如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes.5少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作.多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作,句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语.例如：The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning.四现在进行时 is / are doing1）表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作.常与现在进行时连用的词组是now, right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present, 或某个具体的时间几点钟.He is writing a letter now.She is visiting Beijing this week.2）有时用来代替一般现在时态,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为了表示一种感情如赞叹,厌烦,满意,不满等He is always thinking of his work. 表示赞许The boy is always talking in class. 表示不满3 有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作这时多有一个表示未来的时间的状语We are leaving on Friday. 我们星期五动身.How many of you are coming to the party五现在完成时have / has done1现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作常与yet,already,just连用,或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况常与for,since连用.例如：I have just finished my homework.Mary has been ill for three days.2常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week morning, month, year, so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等.例如：So far, she hasn't enjoyed the summer vacation.There have been a lot of changes since 1978.3完成时态可用在下列结构中：This That, It is was the first second... time +定语从句；This That, It is was the only last + n +定语从句；This That, It is was +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时.例如：1This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.2There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.六过去进行时 was / were doing过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用.例如：1We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.2Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.七过去完成时 had done1表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成.例如：1We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.2动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现.例如：I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是：1was / were + to have done sth, 例如：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.2intended expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired + to have done sth, 如：I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.3过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：1hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时.例如：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.2no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时.例如：No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3by the end of +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时.例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.八一般过去将来时1. 一般过去将来时的形式Should / would+ 动词原形was / were + 动词-ing形式2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,其主语的谓语动词为过去时态,可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,如：He said that he would speak at the meeting.He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.九现在完成进行时 has / have been doing现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻.例如：I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.运用动词时态要注意的几个问题一在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态,如We’ll give him the book if he wants it.He decided to fight back if he was hit again.I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.二时态的一致时态的呼应,如We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.I didn’t know if she would come.He admitted that he had been on the march.不进行时态调整的情况：1从句说的是一种普遍真理,如：Long ago, people didn’t know the earth moves round the sun.2当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会,如Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30三瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用,如：误：I have received her letter for three months.正：I received her letter three months ago.正：It is three months since I received her letter.四注意某些要求一定时态的句型was/ were doing sth. when …did sth.I was reading a book when the bell rangwas/were about to do sth. when … did sth.We were about to leave when the telephone rang.She was about to go out when it started to rain表示做事做了第几次或共几次,要用完成时态,如：It’s the first time I’ve seen her.We have been there three times.It is / has been… since…It is has been two weeks since I came here.She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.hardly…when…We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.no sooner…than…I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.二．动词的语态语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.1We use electricity to run machines. 主动语态2Electricity is used to run machines. 被动语态1．不能用于被动语态的动词和短语1在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词包括短语容易引起误用.如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of.2某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态.2．被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有下表所列的几种时态形式.时间一般时进行时完成时现在 am asked am being askedis asked is being askedare asked are being asked过去 was be asked was being askedwere be asked were being asked将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked过去 should be asked should have been asked将来 would be asked would have been asked 3．短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略.例如：1So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.2All the rubbish should be got rid of.4．"get + -ed分词"的被动语态"get + -ed分词"结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件.例如：The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外,"get + -ed分词"还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为.例如：get dressed穿衣服 get divorced离婚get engaged订婚get confused迷惑不解get lost迷路get washed洗脸get married结婚5．被动语态与系表结构的区别1The novel was well written.系表结构2The novel was written by Diskens.被动语态6．不能用于被动语态的及物动词,如：have, fit, hold, lack, cost…I have a computer.The hall can hold 200 people.7. 主动性式表被动意义①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时.This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗.These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销.My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅.The door won’t lock.门锁不上.The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香.②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时.The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义.④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义.⑤在“be + 形容词+ to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动.This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.The girl isn’t easy to get along with.另外：be to blame受谴责,be to rent出租也用主动形式表被动.Choose the right answer1. They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai.A. have madeB. have becomeC. have beenD. have had2. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he ______.A. will arriveB. arrivesC. is going to arriveD. is arriving3. We all know that ice ______.A. feel coldB. is felt soldC. is feeling coldD. feels cold4. ---This cloth _____ well and _____ long.--- OK. I’ll take it.A. washes ; lastsB. is washed; lastedC. washes, is lastedD. is washing, lasting5. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband_____ home.A. has left; comesB. left; had comeC. had left; cameD. had left; would come6. It _____ every day so far this week.A. is rainingB. rainedC. rainsD. has been raining7. --- Are you going to the movies tonight--- Yes, I ______ my work by that time.A. will finishB. finishC. am going to finishD. will have finished8. --- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer--- No, it _____ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A. was rainingB. would be rainingC. had been rainingD. has rained9. You won’t know if the coat fits you until you _____ it on.A. will tryB. are tryingC. triedD. have tried10. My dictionary _______, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______.A. has lost; don’t findB. is missing; don’t findC. has lost; haven’t foundD. is missing; haven’t found11. --- How long ______ each other before they _____ married--- For about a year.A. have they known; getB. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to getD. had they known; got12. --- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.--- Oh, how nice of you. I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are goingB. never thought; were goingC. didn’t think; are goingD. hadn’t thought; were going13. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.A. had goneB. had set offC. had leftD. had been away14 --- I’m sorry to keep you waiting.--- Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will15. The police found that the house _______ and s lot of things ______.A. has broken into; has been stolenB. had broken into; had beenstolenC. has been broken into; stolenD. had been broken into; stolen16. --- Have you moved into the house--- Not yet. The rooms ________.A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are beingpainting17. If the city noises _______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept ; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep, have to18. --- ________ the sports meet might be put off.--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been toldB. I’ve toldC. I’m toldD. I was told19. I don’t think Jim saw me; he ______ into space.A. just stared 凝视B. was just staringC. has just staredD. had just stared20. --- _______ my glasses--- Yes, I _______ them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see; sawB. Had you seen; have seenC. Have you seen; sawD. Would you see; saw21. --- We could have walked to the station; it was so near.--- Yes. A taxi _______ at all necessary.A. wasn’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. won’t be22. --- Who is Jerry Cooper--- ______ I saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.A. Don’t you meet him yetB. Hadn’t you met him yetC. Didn’t you meet him yetD. Haven’t you met him yet23. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.--- But she _______A. promisesB. promisedC. will promiseD. had promised24. _______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave25. It is clear that his poor education _______ him back.A. has been heldB. is holdingC. will be heldD. had held26. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai--- I ____ yet, but I ______ taking a train.A. haven’t decided; am consideringB. haven’t decided, considerC. didn’t decided; am consideringD. hadn’t decided; haveconsidered27. The pen I _______ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think, loseB. thought , had lostC. think , had lostD. thought, have lost28. --- Have you heard about the new school--- No, when and where to build the new one _______ yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. hasn’t decidedD. haven’t decided29. --- Sorry, I’m late.--- That’s OK. I _____ long.A. haven’t waitedB. don’t waitC. haven’t been waitingD.didn’t wait30. --- Nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.--- Oh I thought she ______ in the back.A. will sitB. had satC. is sittingD. has sat31. I ______ my face when suddenly someone ______ at the door.A. washed, knockedB. washed, was knockingC. was washing, was knockingD. was washing, knocked32. I ______ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _____ yet.A. arrived, hadn’t comeB. was arriving, hadn’t comeC. arrive d, hasn’t comeD. had arrived, didn’t come33. --- Why did you come by taxi--- My car broke down last week and I still _______ it repaired.A. haven’t hadB. didn’t haveC. don’t haveD. won’t have34. I’m surprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Annsaid that you _____ sick.A. areB. wereC. would beD. had been35. The price _________, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A. went downB. will go downC. has gone doneD. was going down36. --- Did you go to Qingdao for vacation last August--- I _______ to go, but I got sick at the last minute.A. was planningB. had been planningC. plannedD. have planned37. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life _____ so happy.A. did I feelB. I feltC. I had feltD. had I felt38. --- How are you today--- Oh, I ________ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A. didn’t feelB.wasn’t feelingC. don’t feelD. haven’t felt39. The reporter said the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.A. was travellingB. travelledC. had been travellingD. was totravel40. --- I think that you need ______ practice on playing the violin.--- ______ violin lessons every two weeks, but I think I’ll make it every week from now on.A. less; I haveB. less; I’ve takingC. more; I haveD. more; I’ve been having41. I remember ______ for the job, but I forget the exact number.A. to be paidB. being paidC. get paidD. that I receive pay42. By this time you come, I ______ the task ______ to me last month.A. have finished, givenB. will have finished, to be givenC. will have finished, givenD. have finished, to be given43. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone ______ me that evening.A. to have interruptedB. would have interruptedC. had interruptedD. to interrupt44. ---- It is a long time ______ I saw you last.---- Yes. And it will be a long time ______ we see each other again.A. before, sinceB. since, beforeC. then, thenD. when, when45. We ______ that you would be able to visit us, but you did not.A. hopeB. hopedC. had hopedD. are hoping46. Mary felt both unprepared and nervous about the interview which she______ the next day.A. was bout to faceB. is going to faceC. will faceD. was to face47. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ______.A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would surviveD. will survive48. ---- Are you member of the club---- ______. It’s ten years since I ______ a member of the club., was B. No, became C. Yes, had been D. No, was49. She ______ law the moment she has finished high school.A. is going to studyB. is to studyC. is about to studyD. will be studying50. The bikes produced in that factory are of high quality. So they ______ well both at home and abroad.A. sellB. are soldC. may be soldD. are to be sold。
初升高英语衔接 2第二章语法知识衔接---专题三 动词时态和语态
初升高英语衔接2第二章语法知识衔接专题三动词时态和语态解析版二，用括号内单词的适当形式填空。
1.You looked unhappy this morning. Can you tell me what____________________ (worry) you?【答案】worried【解析】考查一般过去时。
根据You looked unhappy this morning是一般过去时，可知此句也要用一般过去时，worry使......忧虑，动词，其过去式是worried，故填worried.【答案】chose【解析】考查一般过去时。
句意：当他问我的时候，我选了红色的那个。
考查一般过去时。
choose的过去式为chose.故填chose.3.—Honey, do you need this toy rabbit any more? It looks a bit dirty. —Of course Mum. It _________ (mean) everything to me when grandpa bought me this.【答案】meant【解析】考查动词时态。
句意：—亲爱的，你还需要这个玩具兔子吗？它看起来有点脏。
—当然妈妈。
爷爷给我买这个时，它对我意味着一切。
根据后文when grandpa bought me this可知，此处也应用mean的过去式meant，故填meant.4.Give me a chance and I ________ (show) it to you.【答案】will show【解析】考查一般将来时。
句意：给我个机会，我将展示给你看。
根据句意，描述即将发生的事情或动作，所以时态是一般将来时，其结构是will+do; show 展示，动词，故填will show.5.Be quiet! The babies ______ (fall) asleep.【答案】have fallen【解析】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。
高中英语语法复习学案教师版——动词的时态和语态
高中英语语法复习学案教师版——动词的时态和语态动词的时态（一）一般现在时1.Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthmoves(move)aroundthesun.2.Waterboils(boil)at100 ℃.3.Thecarelessdriverhasjustbeenfined$10forstoppinghiscaratasignthatreads (read)“NOPARKING”.4.Whateveryousay(say),Iwillnotchangemymind. 6.12.3.定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。
含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不这样。
时间状语：then;atthattime;justnow;threedaysago;yesterday;when 或while 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句【总结】1.定义：将来某一时刻要发生的动作或所处的状态。
时间状语：soon;nextweek;tomorrow等2.beto+动词原形的用法：(1)YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.=haveto/must“必须“(2)Youaretoreportthepolice.=should/oughtto“应该”7.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoteasytaskbecausetechnologyischanging(change)sorapidly.8.Idon’treallyworkhere.Iamjusthelping(help)outuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.【总结】1.定义1）现在进行时：说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
2）过去进行时：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.时间状语1）现在进行时：now;rightnow等2）过去进行时：atthistimeyesterday等3.一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体，短动作用一般体。
高中语法 专题3被动语态
解析：主语是T-shirt 谓语动词，deliver 应用被动，
表示T-shirt被送，排除A、C两项。根据语境，如果你定 了货，T-shirt 将会随时被送货。故选D项。 答案：D
必修二
英语
高考总复习人教版
⑥(北京宣武区)—A meeting ________ at 3 p．m.next Tuesday.
英语
高考总复习人教版
3 ． 一 般 将 来 时 ： The matter will be looked into tomorrow.
这样考过
④(皖西四校)________ is known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games ________ in London. A．What; will be held C．As; is held B．It; will hold D．Which; holds
A．is broadcast
C．has been broadcast
B．is being broadcast
D．had been broadcast
解析：句意：请安静一下好吗？正广播天气预报呢， 我想听听。根据句意，该空考查的是现在进行时的被动语 态。 答案：B
必修二
英语
高考总复习人教版
⑨(江苏)—Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?
必修二
英语
高考总复习人教版
解析：句意：——为什么我们不选择走那条路以节省时 间呢？——因为去那条路的桥正在修理中。题目考查了现在
进行时的被动语态作谓语。桥与修理存在被动关系，而且
根据句子语境要求采用进行时态。 答案：C
高考英语总复习学案高考语法专题动词的时态和语态新人教版
高考语法专题：动词的时态和语态1. 一般现在时(do, does, am, is, are)(1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态、特征和普遍真理，一般不表示一个具体的动作。
常用often, usually, always, sometimes, every day 等。
Light travels faster tha n sound.(2) 表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况(这种用法只限于beg in, come, go, leave, arrive, stop, start, ope n 等少数动词): The train leaves at 10 a.m..(3) 表示现在进行时：There goes the bell.Here comes the bus.(4) 在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来：You will catch the train if you hurry up.2. 一般过去时(did, was, were)(1) 表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性动作，只表过去，与现在无关。
Who broke the wi ndow?(2) 表示客气,与过去时无关：Would/Could you please give me a hand?3. 一般将来时表示说话时看来将要发生的动作或情况，有多种表达方式：(1) shall(will)do:We will meet you at the airport.(2) be goi ng to do, 打算、准备干；即将发生：Come out! The roof is going to fall.( 此处不用will fall)(3) be to do,按计划、安排发生：They are to hand in their pla n n ext week.(4) be about to do, 就要干某事，不与时间状语连用：We are about to leave.(5) be doi ng，用现在进行时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况：We are leav ing for Beiji ng tomorrow.4. 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 表示说话时正在进行的动作，与now 连用：They are liste ning to music now.5. 过去进行时(was/were doing)表示过去某时正在进行的动作，动作没有完成：At that time he was working in a laboratory.注意：与一般过去时的区别：He was read ing a no vel last ni ght.( 正在读，没读完)He read a novel last night.( 读完了)6. 现在完成时(have/has done)(1)动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，与already, just, ever, yet,before, rece ntly 等连用，谓语用瞬间动词：Who has opened the door?( 含义：The door was opened. It isstill open. It ' s cold.)(2) 动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，与for, since 或sofar, these days, in the past five years 连用，谓语用延续性动词:I have been in Beijing for half a month.( 不能用have come, 但可说：He has already come.)(3) 过去动作到现在为的总和。
超实用高考英语复习语法专题：动词时态语态
3
一般现在时表示经常反复发生的习惯性行为动作 或 所 处 的 状 态 。 常 见 时 间 状 语 有 ： often ， usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never等。 一般现在时主要用法有：
(4)自1997年以来我一直在中国工作，要到2017年才 回加拿大。表示到说话时间动作已经持续一段时间， 还要继续下去。
5
现在完成时表示到说话时间为止，动作已经发生 或动作、状态已经持续一段时间。
1．表示动作已经发生或完成，此时该动作通常 为短暂意义的动词，如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave, lose, fall等。短暂性动作不能与含有一段时间 的完成时连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。 但可与just, already，yet, never, always, often, before等 连用；
3
5. There goes the bell. 铃响了。在here，there等引起的倒装句中表进行。
6. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
4 现在进行时怎样使用？
翻译下列句子，指出现在进行时的时态含义 1. Hold on! I am writing a letter. 等等， 我正在写信。表说话时正在写信。
2. Cheers! I know you are translating a famous novel. 干杯，听说你正在翻译一本著名的小说。表示现阶 段正在进行翻译工作(说话时不在翻译)。
初三英语中考专题复习---动词的时态和语态
The Past Continuous Tense
过去进行时用法
过时正进 I was doing my homework
at eight last night.
过段直进 They were watching TV from
nine to ten yesterday.
when, They were reading aloud while when the teacher came in.
5. By the time I was three, I _________ learning English. I’ve been learning it for 15 years.(2010 山东枣庄)
A. had finished B. had stopped C. had started
山东省中考真题
与 always
连用
My teacher is always smiling in class.
现在完成时
The Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时用法
I can’t find my pen. I have lost
过影响现 it.
Have you finished it yet ?
that night.
虚拟语气 If I were you, I would try again.
过去完成时
The Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时用法
过延到过 I had stayed in Beijing
for three years by then.
过去的过去
When plane
A. to lock B. work C. to work D lock
动词的各种时态归纳(含例句及解析)
动词的各种时态归纳一、一般现在时构成:主语+谓语(主谓一致,需注意主语为单三时,谓语动词用单三) 时间状语:常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如usually, often, always, sometimes,never, every day, once a week 等.用法：⑴表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态.eg: He always goes to work by subway.他总是乘地铁去上班.I visit my grandmother once a week.我一周去看望一次我的祖母.Mary does exercise every day.玛丽每天做运动.(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理,也用在格言中.eg: Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播的快.Pride goes before a fall.骄傲使人失败.⑶表示按方案或时间表将要发生的事儿,其后常跟表示将来的时间状语. The plane takes off at four PM.飞机下午4点起飞.When does the school begin?学校什么时候开学？(4)表示主语现在的特征性格或状态.Jenny loves music.珍妮喜欢音乐.She lives in a small apartment.他住在一套小公寓里.(5)一些表示心理意识的动词,如know, understand, remember等无进行时,只能用一般现在时表示现在发生的具体行为.eg: I still remember the frightening experience on the island.我仍然记得在那个岛上的可怕经历.⑹在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时.eg: I'll think about it when I write my report.我写报告时会对此予以考虑的.If he comes, I'll let you know as soon as possible.如果他来的话,我会尽快让你知道.二、现在进行时构成:主iu+be+doing时间状语：常与now, right now, at present, at the moment 等时间状语及look, listen等标志词连用.用法：⑴表示说话时正在进行的动作.eg: We are waiting for the subway at the moment.我们现在正在等地铁.Listen! Somebody is singing.听!有人在唱歌.⑵表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.成语表示一段时间的状语连用,如these days, this week等.eg: How are you getting on with your classmates these days?这些天你和同班同学相处的如何？We are studying French this semester.我们这学期学习语法.⑶某些非延续性动词可以用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作.常用的这类动词有come, go, leave, arrive, start, finish, die 等.这时剧中一般有表示将来的时间状语.eg: They are living by train tonight.他们今晚坐火车走.We are starting work at 8 o'clock next month.下个月我们将8点开始上班.(4)表达特定的感情色彩.现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频率的副词连用,表示重复的动作,常含有厌烦,不满,抱怨,赞扬等感情色彩.试比拟：She is always scolding her child.她总是训斥自己的孩子.〔不满〕She always scolds her children.他总是训斥自己的孩子.〔事实〕He is constantly doing good work at school.他在学校总是成绩优秀.〔赞扬〕He does good work at school.他在学校成绩优秀.〔事实〕三、现在完成时构成:主语+ha ve/has+done标志词：常与already, just, yet, before, recently, so far, ever, never, once 等连用.用法：⑴表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成的影响或结果.eg: They have already learned two languages.他们己经学会了两种语言.He hasn't made a remark on the structure yet.他尚未对该结构发表评论.I have seen the linguist only once this year.我今年只见过那位语言学家一次.⑵表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态.常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如so far, up to now, for a long time, for years, since 2021, in the past/ last five years, these days 等. eg: Tom and mary have been friends for years.汤姆和玛丽是多年的朋友.He has lived in London since 2000.自从2000年以来他就住在伦敦.How many words have you learned these days?这些天你学会了多少单词？⑶在时间和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时.eg: I will go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.我一完成作业就去参加聚会.I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非亲眼看到,否那么我是不会相信你的.(4)在This/ It is the first /second time that 句式中,that 从句用现在完成时. eg: It's the first time that I have come to Harvard University.这是我第1次来哈佛大学.四、一般过去时构成:主语+动词过去式时间状语：yesterday, last..., ...ago, in+过去年份等.用法：(1)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态.eg: He offered his seat to an old man.他把他的座位让给了一位老人.He had a nice encounter with that girl last week.上周我与那个女孩有一次美丽的邂逅.⑵表示过去某一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作.eg: When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.我十几岁时几乎每天都打乒乓球.⑶在时间和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时.eg: They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到关于他的任何消息,他们就会通知我们.五、一般将来时构成:主语+shall/will+动词原形时间状语:常与tomorrow, next week, in the future, in a few days等时间状语连用.用法:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.eg: I shall leave for London tomorrow.我明天要去伦敦.A simple test will show if this is real gold.一个简单的测试将会证实这是不是真金.其他表达方式:(1)be going to do表示打算方案安排要做某事,或有迹象说明要发生某事.eg: What are you going to do during the summer holiday?暑假你打算做什么？Look at the dark clouds! It's going to rain.瞧那些乌云!就要下雨了.(2)be about to do表示即将发生的动作,一般不与具体的时间状语连用.eg: Be quiet! The lecture is about to start.安静!讲座马上就要开始了.⑶ be to do表示根据约定责任义务或要求等即将发生的动作. eg: We are to meet at the school gate.我们约好在校门口见.。
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专题三动词的时态和语态导言（考纲解读）：动词的时态和语态是历年高考常考的重头戏之一。
每年各省的高考考卷和全国卷中，都会设置试题对该部分进行考查，如区别一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时与现在进行时；及物动词的被动用法；特定的时间状语中时态的运用，等等。
因此，动词的时态和语态在高考中的地位十分重要，考生在复习备考中必须引起足够的重视。
图表1一、一般现在时定义：表示现在或经常性的性质、动作或状态，或主语的性格、特征、能力等。
1、表示经常发生的、习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always,usually, seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。
2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明等。
5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于go, arrive,leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。
6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。
注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
7、用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句：Here comes the bus!How it rains!真题：We don’t need to do so much homework.（2014 全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错）二、一般过去时定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去某段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。
常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time等。
2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。
3、用used to do或would do表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。
常见的有I didn’t know…或I forgot…等。
5、一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用。
真题：While making great efforts to run away，she fell over the hill and died. （2015 广东卷，语法填空，21）Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s sweet voice，“Good morning，children.”（2015 湖北卷，完成句子）As I told you last time，I made three new friends. （2015 四川卷，短文改错）三、一般将来时定义：表示将来某时要发生的动作或存在的状态。
1、will/shall do（1）表示将来会出现的动作或状态。
常用的时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next week/month…, at the end of this term, in a few minutes等。
（2）表示将来经常发生的动作。
（3）表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。
（4）表示说话过程中做出某种决定。
注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词，表示意愿。
例句：Let's keep to the point or we will never reach any decisions.真题：—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right. I will call him later.（2015 北京卷，30）More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.（2015 四川卷，4）2、be going to do（1）表示已经决定或安排要做的事。
（2）表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。
例句：He is going to move to Beijing with his wife.3、be to do（1）表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。
（2）表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。
（3）表示注定要发生的事情。
例句：They are to meet at the gate of the school.4、be about to do（1）表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。
（2）不可与表示具体的将来时间的副词或副词性短语连用，但可以同由as或when引导的时间状语从句连用。
例句：She is about to call her boyfriend.5、某些动词的现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
例句：I’m leaving for Beijing next month.四、过去将来时定义：表示从过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
1、would/should do表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。
通常用于其主句的谓语为过去时态的宾语从句中。
2、were/was to do 表示过去将来时间的安排，如果这个安排后来被取消，没有实现，则用was/were to have done表示。
3、was/were going to do也可表示过去将来。
4、go、come、leave等词用过去进行时表示过去将来。
例句：I was going to cook when you called me.真题：At college，Barack Obama didn’t know that he was to become the first black president of the United States of America.（2015 陕西卷，24）Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child，few people guessed that he was going to be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.（2015 浙江卷，8 ）五、现在进行时定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
1、表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2、表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
3、有时可表示即将发生的动作（只限于go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive等动词），这时常有一个表示将来时间的状语。
4、常与always, forever, constantly, continually, all the time等时间副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。
5、有些表示感觉、情感的动词不能用进行时，它们是：know, understand, love, like, hate, feel, desire, wish, want, refuse, remember, hear, see, have等，这些动词一般不用进行时，通常用一般现在时态，表示说话时发生的动作。
6、在时间条件状语从句中代替将来进行时。
例句：He is always thinking of others first.Kimberly is writing an article，so don’t disturb her.I’ve heard that preparations are being made for the coming festival. Let’s give them a hand.六、过去进行时定义：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作。
这一特定的过去时间通常有时间状语（从句）或由上下文来表示。
2、表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
但说话时不一定正在进行。
3、表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词。
（见现在进行时3）4、与always, frequently等副词连用，表示感情色彩。
例句：The manager had fallen asleep where he was lying, without undressing.真题：He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that?”（2015 湖南卷，28）—I called you this morning，but you were not in.—Oh，I was reading in the library.（2016 年石景山区高三统一测试，23）七、将来进行时定义：表示将来某时或某段时间正在发生的动作。
1、表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。
2、表示根据计划或安排在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
此时一般有具体的时间状语。
3、表示将来某一时刻自然发生的事，而不是人为安排要做的事。
4、表示有礼貌地询问对方的打算，语气比较委婉。
例句：If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall.This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.八、现在完成时定义：表示过去的动作或事件对现在造成的影响，动作可能已经结束，也可能会延续下去。
图表21、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常用的状语有already, yet, just 等。
2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作状态。
往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, this week, lately, recently, in the past few days, since, for a long time等。