力学名词中英对照
力学中英文辞汇
通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress 应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain 应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带shear band剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服large scale yielding小范围攻屈服small scale yielding韦布尔分布Weibull distribution帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤accumulated damage脆性损伤brittle damage延性损伤ductile damage宏观损伤macroscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤microscopic damage损伤准则damage criterion损伤演化方程damage evolution equation损伤软化damage softening损伤强化damage strengthening损伤张量damage tensor损伤阈值damage threshold损伤变量damage variable损伤矢量damage vector损伤区damage zone疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳辉纹fatigue striations疲劳阈值fatigue threshold交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage集流器slip ring应变放大镜strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage电感应变计inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Young fringe双折射效应birefrigent effect等位移线contour of equal Displacement暗条纹dark fringe条纹倍增fringe multiplication干涉条纹interference fringe等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress- optic law主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹light fringe光程差optical path difference热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波spatial filtering空间频率spatial frequency起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应stress freezing effect应力条纹值stress fringe value应力光图stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interferometry网格法grid method全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry全息云纹法holographic moire technique全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis散斑干涉法speckle interferometry散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method云纹干涉法moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法moire method云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method脆性涂层法brittle-coating method条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle 混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition自然边界条件natural boundary condition离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元Lagrange element拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure流体力学流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity运动粘性kinematic viscosity动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation湍流分离turbulent separation分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown涡旋脱落vortex shedding压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation。
力学名词英文翻译
广义连续统力学generalized continuum mechanics简单物质simple material纯力学物质purely mechanical material微分型物质material of differentialtype积分型物质material of integral type混合物组份constituents of a mixture非协调理论incompatibility theory微极理论micropolar theory决定性原理principle of determinism等存在原理principle of equipresence局部作用原理principle of objectivity客观性原理principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论theory of electromagnetic conti-nuum内时理论endochronic theory非局部理论nonlocal theory混合物理论theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量Rivlin-Ericksen tensor 声张量acoustic tensor半向同性张量hemitropic tensor各向同性张量isotropic tensor应变张量strain tensor伸缩张量stretch tensor连续旋错continuous dislination连续位错continuous dislocation动量矩平衡angular momentum balance余本构关系complementary constitutiverela-tions共旋导数co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative非完整分量anholonomic component爬升效应climbing effect协调条件compatibility condition错综度complexity当时构形current configuration能量平衡energy balance变形梯度deformation gradient有限弹性finite elasticity熵增entropy production标架无差异性frame indifference弹性势elastic potential熵不等式entropy inequality极分解polar decomposition低弹性hypoelasticity参考构形reference configuration响应泛函response functional动量平衡momentum balance奇异面singular surface贮能函数stored-energy function内部约束internal constraint物理分量physical components本原元primitive element普适变形universal deformation速度梯度velocity gradient测粘流动viscometric flow当地导数local derivative岩石力学rock mechanics原始岩体应力virgin rock stress构造应力tectonic stress三轴压缩试验three-axial compression test三轴拉伸试验three-axial tensile test 三轴试验triaxial test岩层静态应力lithostatic stress吕荣lugeon地压强geostatic pressure水力劈裂hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度intrinsic shear strength 循环抗剪强度cyclic shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength 土力学soil mechanics孔隙比void ratio内磨擦角angle of internal friction休止角angle of repose孔隙率porosity围压ambient pressure渗透系数coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角angle of shear resistance 渗流力seepage force表观粘聚力apparent cohesion粘聚力cohesion稠度consistency固结consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidation固结仪consolidometer浮升力uplift扩容dilatancy有效应力effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力active earth pressure 被动土压力passive earth pressure 土动力学soil dynamics应力解除stress relief次时间效应secondary time effect 贯入阻力penetration resistance 沙土液化liquefaction of sand泥流mud flow多相流multiphase flow马格努斯效应Magnus effect韦伯数Weber number环状流annular flow泡状流bubble flow层状流stratified flow平衡流equilibrium flow二组份流two-component flow冻结流frozen flow均质流homogeneous flow二相流two-phase flow气-液流gas-liquid flow气-固流gas-solid flow液-气流liquid-gas flow液-固流liquid-solid flow液体-蒸气流liquid-vapor flow浓相dense phase稀相dilute phase连续相continuous phase离散相dispersed phase悬浮suspension气力输运pneumatic transport气泡形成bubble formation体密度bulk density壅塞choking微滴droplet挟带entrainment流型flow pattern流[态]化fluidization界面interface跃动速度saltation velocity非牛顿流体力学non-Newtonian fluid mechanics非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid幂律流体power law fluid拟塑性流体pseudoplastic fluid触稠流体rheopectic fluid触变流体thixotropic fluid粘弹性流体viscoelastic fluid流变测量学rheometry震凝性rheopexy体[积]粘性bulk viscosity魏森贝格效应Weissenberg effect流变仪rheometer稀薄气体动力学rarefied gas dynamics物理化学流体力学physico-chemical hydrodynamics空气热化学aerothermochemistry绝对压强absolute pressure绝对反应速率absolute reaction rate绝对温度absolute temperature吸收系数absorption coefficient活化分子activated molecule活化能activation energy绝热压缩adiabatic compression绝热膨胀adiabatic expansion绝热火焰温度adiabatic flame temperature 电弧风洞arc tunnel原子热atomic heat雾化atomization自燃auto-ignition自动氧化auto-oxidation可用能量available energy缓冲作用buffer action松密度bulk density燃烧率burning rate燃烧速度burning velocity接触面contact surface烧蚀ablation连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media,seepage达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement 不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundarylayer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics 流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect,Coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure tech-nique流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation 聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers 挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell 无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型V oigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow 哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, bloodrheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave 磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics 生物固体力学biological solid mechanics 宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体V oigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold尘暴dust storm计尘仪koniscope盛行风prevailing wind输沙率rate of sand transporting重演距离repetition distance跃移[运动] saltation跃移质saltation load沙波纹sand ripple沙影sand shadow沙暴sand storm流沙shifting sand翻滚tumble植物固沙vegetative sand-control流速线velocity line泥石流debris flow连续泥石流continuous debris flow 泥石铺床bed-predeposit of mud泥石流地声geosound of debris flow 气浪airsurge冻胀力frost heaving pressure冻土强度frozen soil strength雪崩avalanche冰崩iceslide冰压力ice pressure重力侵蚀gravity erosion分凝势segregation potential滑波landslide山洪torrent爆发blow up雪暴snowstorm火爆fire storm闪点flash point闪耀flare up阴燃smolder轰燃flashover飞火spotting, firebrand地表火surface fire地下火ground fire树冠火crown fire烛炬火candling fire狂燃火running fire火焰强度flame intensity火焰辐射flame radiation火龙卷fire tornado火旋涡fire whirl火蔓延fire spread对流柱convection column隔火带fire line隔火带强度fireline intensity非线性动力学nonlinear dynamics动态系统dynamical system原象preimage控制参量control parameter霍普夫分岔Hopf bifurcation倒倍周期分岔inverse period- doubling bifurca-tion全局分岔global bifurcation魔[鬼楼]梯devil's staircase非线性振动nonlinear vibration侵入物invader锁相phase- locking猎食模型predator- prey model[状]态空间state space[状]态变量state variable吕埃勒-塔肯斯道路Ruelle- Takens route 斯梅尔马蹄Smale horseshoe混沌chaos李-约克定理Li-Yorke theorem李-约克混沌Li-Yorke chaos洛伦茨吸引子Lorenz attractor混沌吸引子chaotic attractorKAM环面KAM torus费根鲍姆数Feigenbaum number费根鲍姆标度律Feigenbaum scaling KAM定理Kolmogorov-Arnol'd Moser theorem, KAM theorem勒斯勒尔方程Rossler equation混沌运动chaotic motion费根鲍姆函数方程Feigenbaum functional equation蝴蝶效应butterfly effect同宿点homoclinic point异宿点heteroclinic point同宿轨道homoclinic orbit异宿轨道heteroclinic orbit排斥子repellor超混沌hyperchaos阵发混沌intermittency chaos内禀随机性intrinsic stochasticity含混吸引子vague attractor [of Kolmogorov]VAK奇怪吸引子strange attractorFPU问题Fermi-Pasta- Ulam problem,FPU problem初态敏感性sensitivity to initial state反应扩散方程reaction-diffusion equation 非线性薛定谔方程nonlinear Schrodinger equation逆散射法inverse scattering method孤[立]波solitary wave奇异摄动singular perturbation正弦戈登方程sine-Gorden equation科赫岛Koch island豪斯多夫维数Hausdorff dimensionKS[动态]熵Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, KS entropy卡普兰-约克猜想Kaplan -Yorke conjecture 康托尔集[合] Cantor set欧几里得维数Euclidian dimension茹利亚集[合] Julia set科赫曲线Koch curve谢尔平斯基海绵Sierpinski sponge李雅普诺夫指数Lyapunov exponent芒德布罗集[合] Mandelbrot set李雅普诺夫维数Lyapunov dimension谢尔平斯基镂垫Sierpinski gasket雷尼熵Renyi entropy雷尼信息Renyi information分形fractal分形维数fractal dimension分形体fractal胖分形fat fractal退守物defender覆盖维数covering dimension信息维数information dimension度规熵metric entropy多重分形multi-fractal关联维数correlation dimension拓扑熵topological entropy拓扑维数topological dimension拉格朗日湍流Lagrange turbulence布鲁塞尔模型Brusselator贝纳尔对流Benard convection瑞利-贝纳尔不稳定性Rayleigh-Benard instability闭锁键blocked bond元胞自动机cellular automaton浸渐消去法adiabatic elimination连通键connected bond, unblocked bond自旋玻璃spin glass窘组frustration窘组嵌板frustration plaquette窘组函数frustration function窘组网络frustration network窘组位形frustrating configuration逾渗通路percolation path逾渗阈[值] percolation threshold入侵逾渗invasion percolation扩程逾渗extend range percolation多色逾渗polychromatic percolation快变量fast variable慢变量slow variable卷筒图型roll pattern六角[形]图形hexagon pattern主[宰]方程master equation役使原理slaving principle耗散结构dissipation structure离散流体[模型] discrete fluid自相似解self-similar solution协同学synergetics自组织self-organization跨越集团spanning cluster奇点singularity多重奇点multiple singularity多重定态multiple steady state不动点fixed point吸引子attractor自治系统autonomous system结点node焦点focus简单奇点simple singularity单切结点one-tangent node极限环limit cycle中心点center鞍点saddle [point]映射map[ping]逻辑斯谛映射logistic map[ping]沙尔科夫斯基序列Sharkovskii sequence 面包师变换baker's transformation吸引盆basin of attraction生灭过程birth-and death process台球问题biliard ball problem庞加莱映射Poincar'e map庞加莱截面Poincar'e section猫脸映射cat map[of Arnosov][映]象image揉面变换kneading transformation倍周期分岔period doubling bifurcation单峰映射single hump map[ping]圆[周]映射circle map[ping]埃农吸引子Henon attractor分岔bifurcation分岔集bifurcation set余维[数] co-dimension叉式分岔pitchfork bifurcation鞍结分岔saddle-node bifurcation次级分岔secondary bifurcation跨临界分岔transcritical bifurcation开折unfolding切分岔tangent bifurcation普适性universality突变catastrophe突变论catastrophe theory折叠[型突变] fold [catastrophe]尖拐[型突变] cusp [catastrophe]燕尾[型突变] swallow tail抛物脐[型突变] parabolic umbilic双曲脐[型突变] hyperbolic umbilic椭圆脐[型突变] elliptic umbilic蝴蝶[型突变] butterfly阿诺德舌[头] Arnol'd tongueBZ反应Belousov-Zhabotinskireaction, BZ reaction法里序列Farey sequence法里树Farey tree洛特卡-沃尔泰拉方程Lotka-V olterra equation 梅利尼科夫积分Mel'nikov integral锁频frequency-locking滞后[效应] hysteresis突跳jump准周期振动quasi-oscillation。
流体力学常用名词中英文对照
流体力学常用名词流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流［动］flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament 涡线vortex line 涡面vortex surface 涡层vortex layer 涡环vortex ring 涡对vortex pair 涡管vortex tube 涡街vortex street 卡门涡街『Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell 卷筒涡胞roll cell 涡eddy 涡粘性eddy viscosity 环流circulation 环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation 偶极子doublet, dipole 驻点stagnation point 总压［力］total pressure 总压头total head 静压头static head 总焓total enthalpy 能量输运energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile 库埃特流Couette flow 单相流single phase flow 单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow 非均匀流nonuniform flow 二维流two-dimensional flow 三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流quasi-steady flow 非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow 周期流periodic flow 振荡流oscillatory flow 分层流stratified flow 无旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flow 轴对称流axisymmetric flow 不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流［动］incompressible flow浮体floating body 定倾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 减阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面张力surface tension 毛细［管］作用capillarity 来流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line 外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution 传播propagation 色散dispersion 弥散dispersion 附力口质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter几何相似geometric similarity 运动相似kinematic similarity 动力相似［性］dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 势potential 势流potential flow 速度势velocity potential 复势complex potential 复速度complex velocity 流函数stream function 源source 汇sink速度［水］头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空气动力学aerodynamics 低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speedaerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流［动］subsonic flow 跨声速流［动］transonic flow超声速流［动］supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流［动］non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall月兑体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动力口热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流［动］compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state 量热状态方程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas 拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle 马赫角Mach angle 马赫锥Mach cone 马赫线Mach line 马赫数Mach number 马赫波Mach wave 当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave 激波shock wave 正激波normal shock wave 斜激波oblique shock wave 头波bow wave 附体激波attached shock wave 激波阵面shock front 激波层shock layer 压缩波compression wave 反射reflection 折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 绕射diffraction 出口压力exit pressure 超压［强］over pressure 反压back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轰detonation 缓燃deflagration 水动力学hydrodynamics 液体动力学hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利数Rayleigh number 自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity波高wave height 波歹U wave train 波群wave group 波能wave energy 表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动［力］噪声hydrodynamic noise水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage 超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压［强水］头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孑1流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉［降堆］积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流［动］viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake ［flow］回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process 表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point 附着点attachment point 再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization 起动涡starting vortex 驻涡standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压［力］降pressure drop 压差阻力pressure drag 压力能pressure energy 型阻profile drag 滑移速度slip velocity 无滑移条件non-slip condition 壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory 边界层方程boundary layer equation 边界层boundary layer 附面层boundary layer层流边界层laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩boundary layer transition 边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness 动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method说明氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU 形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusion velocity分子扩散molecular diffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem伯格斯方程Burgers equation对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation KDU 方程KDV equation修正微分方程modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation大涡模拟large eddy simulation数值粘性numerical viscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency conditionCFL 条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition熵条件entropy condition远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method人工压缩artificial compression人工粘性artificial viscosity边界元法boundary element method配置方法collocation method能量法energy method有限体积法finite volume method流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method伽辽金法Galerkin method积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme紧差分格式compact difference scheme守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme指数格式exponential scheme戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme高分辨率格式high resolution scheme拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme半隐格式semi-implicit scheme斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme计算区域computational domain物理区域physical domain影响域domain of influence依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition 维数分解dimensional split 物理解physical solution 弱解weak solution 黎曼解算子Riemann solver 守恒型conservation form 弱守恒型weak conservation form 强守恒型strong conservation form 散度型divergence form 贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates ［自］适应网格［self-］ adaptive mesh 适应网格生成adaptive grid generation 自动网格生成automatic grid generation 数值网格生成numerical grid generation 交错网格staggered mesh 网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number 数植扩散numerical diffusion 数值耗散numerical dissipation 数值色散numerical dispersion 数值通量numerical flux 放大因子amplification factor 放大矩阵amplification matrix 阻尼误差damping error 离散涡discrete vortex 熵通量entropy flux 熵函数entropy function 分步法fractional step method。
力学英文名词
力学名词中英对照2007-12-15 09:59:20 楼主A 安全因数safety factorB半桥接法half bridge闭口薄壁杆thin-walled tubes比例极限proportional limit边界条件boundary conditions变截面梁beam of variable cross section变形deformation变形协调方程compatibility equation标距gage length泊松比Poisson's ratio补偿块compensating blockC材料力学mechanics of materials冲击荷载impact load初应力，预应力initial stress纯剪切pure shear纯弯曲pure bending脆性材料brittle materialsD大柔度杆long columns单位荷载unit load单位力偶unit couple单位荷载法unit-load method单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress等强度梁beam of constant strength低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡bridge balancing电阻应变计resistance strain gage电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator叠加法superposition method叠加原理superposition principle动荷载dynamic load断面收缩率percentage reduction in area多余约束redundant restraint2E二向应力状态state of biaxial stressF分布力distributed force复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress复合材料composite materialG杆，杆件bar刚度stiffness刚架，构架frame刚结点rigid joint高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料isotropical material功的互等定理reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计active strain gage工作应力working stress构件structural member惯性半径radius of gyration of an area惯性积product of inertia惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia广义胡克定律generalized Hook's lawH横向变形lateral deformation胡克定律Hook's law滑移线slip-linesJ基本系统primary system畸变能理论distortion energy theory畸变能密度distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia 极限应力ultimate stress极限荷载limit load挤压应力bearing stress剪力shear force剪力方程equation of shear force剪力图shear force diagram剪流shear flow剪切胡克定律Hook's law for shear剪切shear3交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress截面法method of sections截面几何性质geometrical properties of an area截面核心core of section静不定次，超静定次数degree of a statically indeterminate problem 静不定问题，超静定问题statically indeterminate problem静定问题statically determinate problem静荷载static load静矩，一次矩static moment颈缩neckingK开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数section modulus in torsion抗扭强度ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数section modulus in bendingL拉压刚度axial rigidity拉压杆，轴向承载杆axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法force method力学性能mechanical properties连续梁continuous beam连续条件continuity condition梁beams临界应力critical stress临界荷载critical loadM迈因纳定律Miner's law名义屈服强度offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure敏感栅sensitive gridN挠度deflection挠曲轴deflection curve挠曲轴方程equation of deflection curve挠曲轴近似微分方程approximately differential equation of the deflection curve 内力internal forces扭力矩twisting moment扭矩torsional moment4扭矩图torque diagram扭转torsion扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion扭转角angel of twist扭转屈服强度yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度torsional rigidityO欧拉公式Euler's formulaP疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurance limit疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳寿命fatigue life偏心拉伸eccentric tension偏心压缩eccentric compression平均应力average stress平面弯曲plane bending平面应力状态state of plane stress平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem平面假设plane cross-section assumptionQ强度strength强度理论theory of strength强度条件strength condition切变模量shear modulus切应变shear strain切应力shear stress切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress屈服yield屈服强度yield strength全桥接线法full bridgeR热应力thermal stressS三向应力状态state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花three-element delta rosette失稳buckling伸长率elongation5圣维南原理Saint-V enant's principle实验应力分析experimental stress analysis塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation塑性材料，延性材料ductile materials塑性铰plastic hingeT弹簧常量spring constant弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量modulus of elasticity体积力body force体积改变能密度density of energy of volume change 体应变volume strainW弯矩bending moment弯矩方程equation of bending moment弯矩图bending moment diagram弯曲bending弯曲刚度flexural rigidity弯曲正应力normal stress in bending弯曲切应力shear stress in bending弯曲中心shear center位移法displacement method位移互等定理reciprocal-displacement theorem稳定条件stability condition稳定性stability稳定安全因数safety factor for stabilityX细长比，柔度slenderness ratio线性弹性体linear elastic body约束扭转constraint torsion相当长度，有效长度equivalent length相当应力equivalent stress小柔度杆short columns形心轴centroidal axis形状系数shape factor许用应力allowable stress许用应力法allowable stress method许用荷载allowable load许用荷载法allowable load method6Y应变花strain rosette应变计strain gage应变能strain energy应变能密度strain energy density应力stress应力速率stress ratio应力比stress ratio应力幅stress amplitude应力状态state of stress应力集中stress concentration应力集中因数stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N 曲线stress-cycle curve 应力－应变图stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr's circle for stressesZ正应变normal strain正应力normal stress中面middle plane中柔度杆intermediate columns中性层neutral surface中性轴neutral axis轴shaft轴力axial force轴力图axial force diagram轴向变形axial deformation轴向拉伸axial tension轴向压缩axial compression主平面principal planes主应力principal stress主应力迹线principal stress trajectory主轴principal axis主惯性矩principal moment of inertia主形心惯性矩principal centroidal moments of inertia 主形心轴principal centroidal axis转角angel of rotation转轴公式transformation equation自由扭转free torsion组合变形combined deformation组合截面composite area最大切应力理论maximum shear stress theory。
力学名词中英对照
［推荐］［名词委审定］汉英力学名词（1993）［翻译与翻译辅助工具］［回复］［引用回复］［表格型］［跟帖］［转发到Blog］［关闭］［浏览930次］用户名：westbankBZ反应||Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction, BZ reactionFPU问题||Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem, FPU problemKBM 方法||KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii methodKS动态］熵||Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, KS entropyKdV 方程||KdV equationU 形管||U-tubeWKB 方法||WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method［彻］体力||body force［单］元||eleme nt［第二类］拉格朗日方程||Lagra nge equati on ［of the seco nd kin d］［叠栅］云纹||moir e fringe;物理学称"叠栅条纹”。
［叠栅］云纹法||moir e method［抗］剪切角||a ngle of shear resista nee［可］变形体||deformable body［钱］币状裂纹||penny-shape crack［映］象||image［圆］筒||cyli nder［圆］柱壳||cylindrical shell［转］轴||shaft［转动］瞬心||instantaneous center ［of rotation］［转动］瞬车由||instantaneous axis ［of rotation］［状］态变量||state variable［状］态空间||state space［自］适应网格||［self-］adaptive meshC 0 连续问题||C0-continuous problemC 1 连续问题||C1-continuous problemCFL条件||Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition, CFL conditionHRR场||Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren fieldJ 积分||J-integralJ 阻力曲线||J-resistance curveKAM定理||Kolgomorov-Arnol'd-Moser theorem, KAM theoremKAM环面||KAM torush收敛||h-c on verge ncep收敛||p-c on verge ncen 定理||Buckingham theorem, pi theorem阿尔曼西应变||Almansis strain阿尔文波||Alfven wave阿基米德原理||Archimedes principle阿诺德舌［头川Arnol'd tongue阿佩尔方程||Appel equation阿特伍德机||Atwood machine埃克曼边界层||Ekman boundary layer埃克曼流||Ekman flow 埃克曼数||Ekman number 埃克特数||Eckert number 埃农吸引子||Henon attractor 艾里应力函数||Airy stress function 鞍点"saddle [point] 鞍结分岔||saddle-node bifurcation 安定[性]理论||shake-down theory 安全寿命||safe life 安全系数||safety factor 安全裕度||safety margin 暗条纹||dark fringe 奥尔-索末菲方程||Orr-Sommerfeld equation 奥辛流||Oseen flow 奥伊洛特模型||Oldroyd model 八面体剪应变||octohedral shear strain 八面体剪应力||octohedral shear stress 八面体剪应力理论||octohedral shear stress theory 巴塞特力||Basset force 白光散斑法||white-light speckle method 摆||pe ndulum 摆振||shimmy 板||plate 板块法||panel method 板元||plate element 半导体应变计||semic on ductor stra in gage 半峰宽度||half-peak width 半解析法||semi-analytical method 半逆解法||semi-inverse method 半频进动||half frequency precession 半向同性张量||hemitropic tensor 半隐格式||semi-implicit scheme 薄壁杆||thin-walled bar 薄壁梁||thin-walled beam 薄壁筒||thin-walled cylinder 薄膜比拟||membrane analogy 薄翼理论||thin-airfoil theory保单调差分格式||monotonicity preserving differenee scheme 保守力||conservative force 保守系||conservative system 爆发||blow up 爆高||height of burst 爆轰||detonation; 又称"爆震”。
力学常用中英文词汇对照
力学常用中英文词汇对照结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch 穹顶dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces 共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matrix displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀expansion压实debulk劣化degradation脱层delamination脱粘debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-Wufailure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracturemechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics,EPFM断裂fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creepfracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹crack裂缝flaw缺陷defect割缝slit微裂纹microcrack折裂kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle, COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement,CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode 滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone 张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transitiontemperature固体力学solid mechanics弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid 均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板plate矩形板rectangular plate圆板circular plate环板annular plate波纹板corrugated plate加劲板stiffened plate,reinforced plate中厚板plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数stress function of bending 壳shell扁壳shallow shell旋转壳revolutionary shell球壳spherical shell[圆]柱壳cylindricalshell锥壳conical shell环壳toroidal shell封闭壳closed shell波纹壳corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数stress function of torsion翘曲函数warpingfunction半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛relaxation量纲分析dimensional analysis自相似[性]self-similarity影响面influence surface接触应力contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触conforming contact滑动接触sliding contact滚动接触rolling contact压入indentation各向异性弹性anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料granular material散体力学mechanics of granular media热弹性thermoelasticity超弹性hyperelasticity粘弹性viscoelasticity对应原理correspondence principle褶皱wrinkle塑性全量理论total theory of plasticity滑动sliding微滑microslip粗糙度roughness非线性弹性nonlinear elasticity大挠度large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学dynamic elasticity运动方程equation of motion准静态的quasi-static气动弹性aeroelasticity水弹性hydroelasticity颤振flutter弹性波elastic wave简单波simple wave柱面波cylindrical wave水平剪切波horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波vertical shear wave 体波body wave无旋波irrotational wave畸变波distortion wave膨胀波dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波interfacialwave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学plasticity可成形性formability金属成形metal forming耐撞性crashworthiness 结构抗撞毁性structural crashworthiness拉拔drawing破坏机构collapse mechanism回弹springback挤压extrusion冲压stamping穿透perforation层裂spalling塑性理论theory of plasticity安定[性]理论shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理staticshake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则loading criterion加载函数loading function加载面loading surface塑性加载plastic loading塑性加载波plastic loading wave简单加载simple loading比例加载proportional loading卸载unloading卸载波unloading wave冲击载荷impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载neutral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strainrate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space 有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment 累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening 理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfect plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatoric tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress 路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linearstrain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性viscoplasticity非弹性inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plasticMaterial极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem 初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yieldsurface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy 屈服yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion 屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section 通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解completedissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory 浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion 火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shawflow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby number罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source 污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level 噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrial fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow 并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coandaeffect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium 热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect 孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelastoplastic material滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数viscosity function 相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流]Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD 磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体V oigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectionalarea农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind 停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopicmechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopicmechanics,micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形forcepolygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量]Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量]Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state 环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phasecomponent非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method,Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function 硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring 谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouinmethod缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, randomvibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy 起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance 姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl。
物理单词中英对照
物理单词中英对照1. 力（Force）在物理学中，力是使物体产生加速度的原因。
2. 质量（Mass）质量是物体所含物质的量，是衡量物体惯性大小的物理量。
3. 速度（Velocity）速度是描述物体位置变化快慢和方向的物理量。
4. 加速度（Acceleration）加速度是描述速度变化快慢的物理量。
5. 动能（Kinetic Energy）动能是物体由于运动而具有的能量。
6. 势能（Potential Energy）势能是物体由于位置关系而具有的能量。
7. 功（Work）功是力在物体上产生位移的过程，是能量转化的量度。
8. 功率（Power）功率是单位时间内做功的多少，表示能量转化速率。
9. 温度（Temperature）温度是衡量物体冷热程度的物理量。
10. 压强（Pressure）压强是单位面积上受到的力的大小。
11. 密度（Density）密度是单位体积内物质的质量。
12. 摩擦力（Friction）摩擦力是两个接触物体在相对运动时产生的阻力。
13. 重力（Gravity）重力是地球对物体产生的吸引力。
14. 电荷（Electric Charge）电荷是物质的一种基本属性，表现为物体间的电磁相互作用。
15. 电流（Electric Current）电流是电荷在单位时间内通过导体截面的量。
16. 电压（Electric Voltage）电压是推动电荷流动的电势差。
17. 电阻（Electric Resistance）电阻是导体对电流阻碍作用的物理量。
18. 磁场（Magnetic Field）磁场是描述磁力作用范围的物理量。
19. 振动（Vibration）振动是物体围绕平衡位置做周期性运动的现象。
20. 波（Wave）波是振动在介质中传播的过程。
物理单词中英对照（续）21. 频率（Frequency）频率是指单位时间内完成振动的次数，是描述波动特性的基本参数。
22. 波长（Wavelength）波长是波在一个周期内传播的距离，它与频率共同决定了波的速度。
通用名词_中英文对照
通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics 地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function 渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system 相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation 邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system 优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system 多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress 应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate 波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending 壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through 有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function 加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave 简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading 卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension 加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation 完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress 应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section 沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field 静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction 纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带shear band剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件three point bending specimen, TPB specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen中心裂纹板试件center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服large scale yielding小范围攻屈服small scale yielding韦布尔分布Weibull distribution帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤accumulated damage脆性损伤brittle damage延性损伤ductile damage宏观损伤macroscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤microscopic damage损伤准则damage criterion损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening损伤强化damage strengthening损伤张量damage tensor损伤阈值damage threshold损伤变量damage variable损伤矢量damage vector损伤区damage zone疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture 疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳辉纹fatigue striations疲劳阈值fatigue threshold交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage 直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor 横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage 平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage 粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage 桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage 补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge 电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage集流器slip ring应变放大镜strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage电感应变计inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Young fringe双折射效应birefrigent effect等位移线contour of equal Displacement暗条纹dark fringe条纹倍增fringe multiplication干涉条纹interference fringe等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress- optic law主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹light fringe光程差optical path difference热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波spatial filtering空间频率spatial frequency起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect 应变条纹值strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应stress freezing effect应力条纹值stress fringe value应力光图stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interferometry网格法grid method 全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry全息云纹法holographic moire technique全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis散斑干涉法speckle interferometry散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method云纹干涉法moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法moire method云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method脆性涂层法brittle-coating method条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element 非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element拉格朗日元Lagrange element 拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode 节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure流体力学流体动力学fluid dynamics连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media介质medium流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governing equation伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law欧拉方程Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理Kelvin theorem涡片vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition布拉休斯解Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number随体导数material derivative不可压缩流体incompressible fluid质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation控制体积control volume液体静压hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differential pressure流[动] flow流线stream line流面stream surface流管stream tube迹线path, path line流场flow field流态flow regime流动参量flow parameter流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体floating body定倾中心metacenter阻力drag, resistance减阻drag reduction表面力surface force表面张力surface tension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incoming flow自由流free stream自由流线free stream line外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流plane flow势potential势流potential flow速度势velocity potential复势complex potential复速度complex velocity流函数stream function源source汇sink速度[水]头velocity head拐角流corner flow空泡流cavity flow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavity flow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流conical flow楔流wedge flow叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体slender body细长度slenderness钝头体bluff body钝体blunt body翼型airfoil 翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory构型configuration后缘trailing edge迎角angle of attack失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag诱导速度induced velocity临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex附着涡bound vortex约束涡confined vortex气动中心aerodynamic center气动力aerodynamic force气动噪声aerodynamic noise气动加热aerodynamic heating离解dissociation地面效应ground effect气体动力学gas dynamics稀疏波rarefaction wave热状态方程thermal equation of state喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow可压缩流[动] compressible flow可压缩流体compressible fluid绝热流adiabatic flow非绝热流diabatic flow未扰动流undisturbed flow等熵流isentropic flow匀熵流homoentropic flow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave 激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction出口压力exit pressure超压[强] over pressure反压back pressure爆炸explosion爆轰detonation缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave斯托克斯波Stokes wave瑞利数Rayleigh number自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave规则波regular wave不规则波irregular wave浅水波shallow water wave深水波deep water wave重力波gravity wave椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave潮波tidal wave涌波surge wave破碎波breaking wave船波ship wave 非线性波nonlinear wave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise水击water hammer空化cavitation空化数cavitation number空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波flood wave涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula欧拉数Euler number弗劳德数Froude number水力半径hydraulic radius水力坡度hvdraulic slope高度水头elevating head水头损失head loss水位water level水跃hydraulic jump含水层aquifer排水drainage排放量discharge壅水曲线back water curve压[强水]头pressure head过水断面flow cross-section明槽流open channel flow孔流orifice flow无压流free surface flow有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit 沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流[动] viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake [flow]回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point再附reattachment再层流化relaminarization起动涡starting vortex驻涡standing vortex涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压[力]降pressure drop压差阻力pressure drag压力能pressure energy型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity无滑移条件non-slip condition壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag壁剪切速度friction velocity磨擦损失friction loss磨擦因子friction factor耗散dissipation滞后lag相似性解similar solution局域相似local similarity气体润滑gas lubrication液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication浆体slurry泰勒数Taylor number纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid边界层理论boundary later theory边界层方程boundary layer equation。
理论力学专业词汇中英对照
*静力学statics*运动学kinematics*动力学dynamics*理论力学theoretical mechanics*约束constraint*力系force system*平衡力系balanced force system*刚体rigid body*力偶force couple*力的平移定理theorem of translation of a force*主矢principal vector*主矩principal moment*物体系统（物系）body system (bs)*滑动摩擦sliding friction*摩擦角angle of friction*自锁self-locking*物体的重心the center of gravity of object *轨迹trajectory*速度velocity*加速度acceleration of a particle*运动方程equation of motion*转角angle of rotation*转动方程equation of rotation *角速度angular velocity*角加速度angular acceleration*匀速转动uniform rotation*绝对速度absolute velocity*绝对加速度absolute acceleration*相对速度relative velocity*相对加速度relative acceleration*牵连速度convected velocity*牵连加速度convected acceleration*绝对运动absolute motion*相对运动relative motion*牵连运动convected motion*科氏加速度coriolis acceleration*平面运动方程equations of plane motion *质点particle*动量momentum*冲量impulse*动量矩moment of momentum*功率power*动能kinetic energy*动静法dynamic-static method*虚位移virtual displacements*虚功virtual work。
力学专业词汇汇总-中英文对照
kinetic energy 动能
conservative force 保守力
damping force 阻尼力
coefficient of damping 阻尼系数
free vibration 自由振动
periodic disturbance 周期性扰动
viscous force 粘性力
极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia
角速度 angular velocity
角加速度 angular acceleration
infinitesimal amount 无穷小量
definite integral 定积分
a certain interval of time 某一时间段
弹性模量 modulus of elasticity
横向力 lateral force transverse force
轴向力 axial force
拉应力 tensile stress
压应力 compressive stress
平衡方程 equilibrium equation
动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum
定性的描述 qualitative description
点线 dotted line
划线 dashed line
实线 solid
line
矢量积 vector product
点积 dot product
forced vibration 强迫震动
general solution 通解
particular solution 特解
中英对照-力学专业用语
中英对照－力学专业用语数学分析 Mathematical Analysis高等代数与几何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry常微分方程 Ordinary Differential Equation数学物理方法 Methods in Mathematical Physics计算方法 Numerical Methods理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics材料力学 Mechanics of Materials弹性力学 Elasticity流体力学 Fluid Mechanics力学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics机械制图 Machining Drawing力学概论 Introduction to Mechanics气体力学 Gas Dynamics计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates粘性流体力学 Viscous Fluid Flow弹性力学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity 有限元法 Finite Element Method塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity经典力学中的'数学方法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics机器人动力学 Dynamics of Robots自动控制原理 Principles of Automatic Control优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl计算机图象处理 Image Processing计算机图形学 Computer Graphics概率与统计 Probability and Statistics专业英语 English for Mechanics振动理论 Theory of Vibration程序设计方法(C和FORTRAN) Programming in C & FORTRAN 水动力学 Hydrodynamics光测力学 Photo Mechanics断裂力学 Fracture Mechanics高等动力学 Advanced Dynamics摄动方法 Perturbation Methods机械设计与Auto CAD Machinery Designing and AutoCAD 信息显示(可视化) Visualization微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer复变函数 Complex Function。
力学名词英文翻译
力学通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system 等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量 action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of-phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system 优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统 rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数 conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性 combustion instability稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率 collision reaction rate 燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage达西定律 Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学 geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学 physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 Ekman flow埃克曼边界层 Ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用 atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数 Ekman number罗斯贝数 Rossby unmber罗斯贝波 Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流 Stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation 聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 Hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云 mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history流变学 rheology聚合物减阻 drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大 extrusion swell, die swell 无管虹吸 tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应 hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠 shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型 Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型 Bingham model奥伊洛特模型 Oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history记忆函数 memory function衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差 first normal-stress difference 第二法向应力差 second normal-stress difference 德博拉数 Deborah number魏森贝格数 Weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学 cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学 plasma dynamics电离气体 ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波 Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数 Hartman number生物流变学 biorheology生物流体 biofluid生物屈服点 bioyield point生物屈服应力 bioyield stress电气体力学 electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学 hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学 magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学 magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波 magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性 magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学 biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学 biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流 Bingham plastic flow开尔文体 Kelvin body沃伊特体 Voigt body可贴变形 applicable deformation可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功 eccentric work关节反作用力 joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积 physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学 agrobiomechanics纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度 rustiness胶粘度 gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积 accretion遇阻堆积 encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand流动阈值 fluid threshold固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法 Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending 壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness 拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain 永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation 单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor 强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factorHRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature 剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件 center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服 large scale yielding小范围攻屈服 small scale yielding韦布尔分布 Weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 Cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定 probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage连续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation 损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析 experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数 transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计 fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 Photomechanics光弹性 Photoelasticity光塑性 Photoplasticity杨氏条纹 Young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线 contour of equal Displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 Isochromatic等倾线 Isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律 stress- optic law主应力迹线 Isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差 optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法 photoelastic coating Method 光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich Method 动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 Polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应 residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应 stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应 temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法 real-time holographic interferometry网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 Hologram全息照相 Holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 Holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 Speckle错位散斑干涉法 speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图 Specklegram白光散斑法 white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法 off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法 in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics 加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限[单]元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition 自然边界条件 natural boundary condition 离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element拉格朗日元 Lagrange element拉格朗日族 Lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集 assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集 assembly of mass matrices单元的组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation 形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modeP收敛 p-convergenceH收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法 determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 Newmark威尔逊法 Wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 Newton-Raphson method增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 Substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序 structural analysis program 前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing组合结构 composite structure流体力学流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid 质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum 能量守恒 conservation of energy 动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge。
1汉英力学名词(1993)
BZ反应||Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction, BZ reactionFPU问题||Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem, FPU problemKBM方法||KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii method KS[动态]熵||Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, KS entropyKdV 方程||KdV equationU形管||U-tubeWKB方法||WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method[彻]体力||body force[单]元||element[第二类]拉格朗日方程||Lagrange equation [of the second kind] [叠栅]云纹||moiré fringe; 物理学称“叠栅条纹”。
[叠栅]云纹法||moiré method[抗]剪切角||angle of shear resistance[可]变形体||deformable body[钱]币状裂纹||penny-shape crack[映]象||image[圆]筒||cylinder[圆]柱壳||cylindrical shell[转]轴||shaft[转动]瞬心||instantaneous center [of rotation][转动]瞬轴||instantaneous axis [of rotation][状]态变量||state variable[状]态空间||state space[自]适应网格||[self-]adaptive meshＣ0连续问题||C0-continuous problemＣ1连续问题||C1-continuous problemＣＦＬ条件||Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition, CFL condition ＨＲＲ场||Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren fieldＪ积分||J-integralＪ阻力曲线||J-resistance curveＫＡＭ定理||Kolgomorov-Arnol'd-Moser theorem, KAM theoremＫＡＭ环面||KAM torusｈ收敛||h-convergenceｐ收敛||p-convergenceπ定理||Buckingham theorem, pi theorem阿尔曼西应变||Almansis strain阿尔文波||Alfven wave阿基米德原理||Archimedes principle阿诺德舌[头]||Arnol'd tongue阿佩尔方程||Appel equation阿特伍德机||Atwood machine埃克曼边界层||Ekman boundary layer埃克曼流||Ekman flow埃克曼数||Ekman number埃克特数||Eckert number埃农吸引子||Henon attractor艾里应力函数||Airy stress function鞍点||saddle [point]鞍结分岔||saddle-node bifurcation安定[性]理论||shake-down theory安全寿命||safe life安全系数||safety factor安全裕度||safety margin暗条纹||dark fringe奥尔-索末菲方程||Orr-Sommerfeld equation奥辛流||Oseen flow奥伊洛特模型||Oldroyd model八面体剪应变||octohedral shear strain八面体剪应力||octohedral shear stress八面体剪应力理论||octohedral shear stress theory巴塞特力||Basset force白光散斑法||white-light speckle method摆||pendulum摆振||shimmy板||plate板块法||panel method板元||plate element半导体应变计||semiconductor strain gage半峰宽度||half-peak width半解析法||semi-analytical method半逆解法||semi-inverse method半频进动||half frequency precession半向同性张量||hemitropic tensor半隐格式||semi-implicit scheme薄壁杆||thin-walled bar薄壁梁||thin-walled beam薄壁筒||thin-walled cylinder薄膜比拟||membrane analogy薄翼理论||thin-airfoil theory保单调差分格式||monotonicity preserving difference scheme 保守力||conservative force保守系||conservative system爆发||blow up爆高||height of burst爆轰||detonation; 又称“爆震”。
流体力学常用名词中英文对照
流体力学常用名词流体动力学fluid dynamics 连续介质力学mechanics of continuous 介质medium 流体质点fluid particle无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid 连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学fluid kinematics 水静力学hydrostatics 液体静力学hydrostatics 支配方程governing equation 伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem 毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law 欧拉方程Euler equation 亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理Kelvin theorem 涡片vortex sheet 库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数Reynolds number 施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number 随体导数material derivative 不可压缩流体incompressible fluid 质量守恒conservation of mass 动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy 动量方程momentum equation 能量方程energy equation 控制体积control volume 液体静压hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy 压差differential pressure 流［动］flow 流线stream line 流面stream surface 流管stream tube 迹线path, path line 流场flow field 流态flow regime 流动参量flow parameter 流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortex filament涡线vortex line涡面vortex surface涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring涡对vortex pair涡管vortex tube涡街vortex street卡门涡桂『Karman vortex street马蹄涡horseshoe vortex对流涡胞convective cell卷筒涡胞roll cell涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocity circulation偶极子doublet, dipole驻点stagnation point总压［力］ total pressure总压头total head静压头static head总焓total enthalpy 能量输运energy transport速度剖面velocity profile库埃特流Couette flow单相流single phase flow单组份流single-component flow均匀流uniform flow非均匀流nonuniform flow二维流two-dimensional flow三维流three-dimensional flow准定常流quasi-steady flow非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow暂态流transient flow周期流periodic flow振荡流oscillatory flow分层流stratified flow无旋流irrotational flow有旋流rotational flow轴对称流axisymmetric flow不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流［动］incompressible flow 浮体floating body 定倾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 减阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面张力surface tension 毛细［管］作用capillarity 来流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line 外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet扰动disturbance, perturbation分布distribution 传播propagation 色散dispersion 弥散dispersion 附力口质量added mass fassociated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric similarity 运动相似kinematic similarity 动力相似［性］ dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 势potential 势流potential flow 速度势velocity potential 复势complex potential 复速度complex velocity 流函数stream function 源source 汇sink速度［水］头velocity head拐角流corner flow 空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空气动力学aerodynamics 低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流［动］ subsonic flow 跨声速流［动］transonic flow 超声速流［动］ supersonic flow 锥形流conical flow 楔流wedge flow 叶栅流cascade flow非平衡流［动］ non-equilibrium flow 细长体slender body 细长度slenderness 钝头体bluff body 钝体blunt body 翼型airfoil 翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory 构型configuration 后缘trailing edge 迎角angle of attack 失速stall脱体激波detached shock wave 波阻wave drag诱导阻力induced drag 诱导速度induced velocity 临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex 附着涡bound vortex 约束涡confined vortex 气动中心aerodynamic center 气动力aerodynamic force 气动噪声aerodynamic noise 气动力口热aerodynamic heating 离解dissociation 地面效应ground effect 气体动力学gas dynamics 稀疏波rarefaction wave 热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow 瑞利流Rayleigh flow 可压缩流［动］ compressible flow 可压缩流体compressible fluid 绝热流adiabatic flow 非绝热流diabatic flow 未扰动流undisturbed flow 等熵流isentropic flow 匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state量热状态方程caloric equation of state完全气体perfect gas拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle马赫角Mach angle马赫锥Mach cone马赫线Mach line马赫数Mach number马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number冲击波shock wave激波shock wave正激波normal shock wave斜激波oblique shock wave头波bow wave附体激波attached shock wave激波阵面shock front激波层shock layer压缩波compression wave反射reflection折射refraction散射scattering衍射diffraction绕射diffraction 出口压力exit pressure 超压［强］ over pressure 反压back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轰detonation 缓燃deflagration 水动力学hydrodynamics 液体动力学hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利数Rayleighnumber 自由面free surface波速wave speed, wave velocity波高wave height波列wave train波群wave group波能wave energy表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave 规则波regular wave 不规则波irregular wave 浅水波shallow water wave 深水波deep water wave 重力波gravity wave 椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave 潮波tidal wave 涌波surge wave 破碎波breaking wave 船波ship wave 非线性波nonlinear wave 孤立子soliton水动［力］噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer 空化cavitation空化数cavitation number 空蚀cavitation damage 超空化流supercavitating flow 水翼hydrofoil 水力学hydraulics 洪水波flood wave 涟漪ripple消能energy dissipation海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula 欧拉数Euler number 弗劳德数Froude number 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力坡度hvdraulic slope 高度水头elevating head 水头损失head loss 水位water level 水跃hydraulic jump 含水层aquifer 排水drainage 排放量discharge 壅水曲线back water curve 压［强水］头pressure head 过水断面flow cross-section 明槽流open channel flow 孔流orifice flow 无压流free surfaceflow 有压流pressure flow缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow渐变流gradually varied flow急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow堰流weir flow掺气流aerated flow含沙流sediment-laden stream降水曲线dropdown curve沉积物sediment, deposit沉［降堆］积sedimentation, deposition沉降速度settling velocity流动稳定性flow stability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow奥辛流Oseen flow剪切流shear flow粘性流［动］ viscous flow层流laminar flow分离流separated flow二次流secondary flow近场流near field flow远场流far field flow滞止流stagnation flow尾流wake ［flow］回流back flow反流reverse flow射流jet自由射流free jet管流pipe flow, tube flow内流internal flow拟序结构coherent structure猝发过程bursting process表观粘度apparent viscosity运动粘性kinematic viscosity动力粘性dynamic viscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shear layer次层sublayer流动分离flow separation 层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point 附着点attachment point 再附reattachment 再层流化relaminarization 起动涡starting vortex 驻涡standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压［力］降pressure drop 压差阻力pressure drag 压力能pressure energy 型阻profile drag 滑移速度slip velocity 无滑移条件non-slip condition 壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦损失friction loss 磨擦因子friction factor 耗散dissipation 滞后lag相似性解similar solution 局域相似local similarity 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体slurry 泰勒数Taylor number 纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 边界层理论boundary later theory 边界层方程boundary layer equation 边界层boundary layer 附面层boundary layer 层流边界层laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩boundary layer transition 边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness 动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness焓厚度enthalpy thickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylor vortex速度亏损律velocity defect law形状因子shape factor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization油烟显示oil smoke visualization孔板流量计orifice meter频率响应frequency response油膜显示oil film visualization阴影法shadow method纹影法schlieren method烟丝法smoke wire method丝线法tuft method 说明氢泡法nydrogen bubble method相似理论similarity theory相似律similarity law部分相似partial similarity定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem静[态]校准static calibration动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel激波管shock tube激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel水洞water tunnel拖曳水池towing tank旋臂水池rotating arm basin扩散段diffuser测压孔pressure tap皮托管pitot tube普雷斯顿管preston tube斯坦顿管Stanton tube文丘里管Venturi tubeU 形管U-tube压强计manometer微压计micromanometer多管压强计multiple manometer静压管static [pressure]tube流速计anemometer风速管Pitot- static tube激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer热膜流速计hot- film anemometer流量计flow meter粘度计visco[si] meter涡量计vorticity meter传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer热敏电阻thermistor示踪物tracer时间线time line脉线streak line尺度效应scale effect壁效应wall effect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response响应频率response frequency底压base pressure菲克定律Fick law巴塞特力Basset force埃克特数Eckert number格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number努塞特数Nusselt number普朗特数prandtl number雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy施密特数schmidt number斯坦顿数Stanton number对流convection自由对流natural convection, free convec-tion强迫对流forced convection热对流heat convection质量传递mass transfer传质系数mass transfer coefficient热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient对流传热convective heat transfer辐射传热radiative heat transfer动量交换momentum transfer能量传递energy transfer传导conduction热传导conductive heat transfer热交换heat exchange临界热通量critical heat flux浓度concentration扩散diffusion 扩散性diffusivity 扩散率diffusivity 扩散速度diffusion velocity 分子扩散molecular diffusion 沸腾boiling 蒸发evaporation 气化gasification 凝结condensation 成核nucleation计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem 伯格斯方程Burgers equation 对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation KDU 方程KDV equation 修正微分方程modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem 数值模拟numerical simulation 大涡模拟large eddy simulation 数值粘性numerical viscosity 非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability 希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis 相容条件consistency conditionCFL 条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition 熵条件entropy condition 远场边界条件far field boundary condition 流入边界条件inflow boundary condition 无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition 数值边界条件numerical boundary condition 流出边界条件outflow boundary condition 冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition 近似因子分解法approximate factorization method 人工压缩artificial compression 人工粘性artificial viscosity 边界元法boundary element method 配置方法collocation method 能量法energy method 有限体积法finite volume method 流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method 通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method 伽辽金法Galerkin method 积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method特征线法method of characteristics直线法method of lines矩量法moment method多重网格法multi- grid method板块法panel method质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method质点法particle method预估校正法predictor-corrector method投影法projection method准谱法pseudo-spectral method随机选取法random choice method激波捕捉法shock-capturing method激波拟合法shock-fitting method谱方法spectral method稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method不定常法time-dependent method时间分步法time splitting method变分法variational method涡方法vortex method隐格式implicit scheme显格式explicit scheme交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme 紧差分格式compact difference scheme 守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme 克兰克-尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme 杜福特-弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme 指数格式exponential scheme 戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme 高分辨率格式high resolution scheme 拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme 蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme单调差分格式monotone difference scheme保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme 穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme 半隐格式semi-implicit scheme 斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme 全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme 计算区域computational domain 物理区域physical domain 影响域domain of influence 依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition 维数分解dimensional split 物理解physical solution 弱解weak solution 黎曼解算子Riemann solver 守恒型conservation form 弱守恒型weak conservation form 强守恒型strong conservation form 散度型divergence form 贴体曲线坐标body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates [自]适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh 适应网格生成adaptive grid generation 自动网格生成automatic grid generation 数值网格生成numerical grid generation 交错网格staggered mesh 网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number 数植扩散numerical diffusion 数值耗散numerical dissipation 数值色散numerical dispersion 数值通量numerical flux 放大因子amplification factor 放大矩阵amplification matrix 阻尼误差damping error 离散涡discrete vortex 熵通量entropy flux 熵函数entropy function 分步法fractional step method。
流体力学常用名词中英文对照
流体力学常用名词流体动力学 fluid dynamics 连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous介质 medium 流体质点 fluid particle 无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid 连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学 fluid kinematics 水静力学 hydrostatics 液体静力学 hydrostatics 支配方程 governing equation 伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem 毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law 欧拉方程 Euler equation 亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem 涡片 vortex sheet 库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解 Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数 Reynolds number 施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number 随体导数 material derivative 不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid 质量守恒 conservation of mass 动量守恒 conservation of momentum 能量守恒 conservation of energy 动量方程 momentum equation 能量方程 energy equation 控制体积 control volume 液体静压 hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy 压差 differential pressure 流[动] flow 流线 stream line 流面 stream surface 流管stream tube 迹线 path, path line 流场 flow field 流态 flow regime 流动参量 flow parameter 流量 flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋 vortex 涡量 vorticity 涡丝 vortex filament 涡线 vortex line 涡面 vortex surface 涡层 vortex layer 涡环 vortex ring 涡对 vortex pair 涡管 vortex tube 涡街vortex street 卡门涡街 Karman vortex street 马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞 convective cell 卷筒涡胞 roll cell 涡 eddy 涡粘性 eddy viscosity 环流 circulation 环量 circulation 速度环量velocity circulation 偶极子 doublet, dipole 驻点 stagnation point 总压[力] total pressure 总压头 total head 静压头 static head 总焓 total enthalpy 能量输运 energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile 库埃特流 Couette flow 单相流 single phase flow 单组份流 single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow 非均匀流nonuniform flow 二维流two-dimensional flow 三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流 quasi-steady flow 非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流 transient flow 周期流 periodic flow 振荡流 oscillatory flow 分层流 stratified flow 无旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flow 轴对称流axisymmetric flow 不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow 浮体 floating body 定倾中心 metacenter 阻力 drag, resistance 减阻 drag reduction 外表力 surface force 外表力 surface tension 毛细[管]作用 capillarity 来流 incoming flow 自由流 free stream 自由流线 free stream line 外流 external flow 进口 entrance, inlet 出口 exit, outlet 扰动 disturbance, perturbation 分布 distribution 传播 propagation 色散 dispersion 弥散 dispersion 附加质量 added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method 无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric similarity 运动相似 kinematic similarity 动力相似[性] dynamic similarity 平面流 plane flow 势potential 势流 potential flow 速度势 velocity potential 复势 complex potential 复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function 源 source 汇 sink 速度[水]头 velocity head 拐角流 corner flow 空泡流 cavity flow 超空泡 supercavity 超空泡流 supercavity flow 空气动力学 aerodynamics 低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow 超声速流[动] supersonic flow 锥形流 conical flow 楔流 wedge flow 叶栅流 cascade flow 非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow 细长体 slender body 细长度 slenderness 钝头体 bluff body 钝体 blunt body 翼型 airfoil 翼弦 chord 薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory 构型configuration 后缘 trailing edge 迎角 angle of attack 失速 stall 脱体激波 detached shock wave 波阻 wave drag 诱导阻力 induced drag 诱导速度 induced velocity 临界雷诺数 critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex 附着涡bound vortex 约束涡confined vortex 气动中心aerodynamic center 气动力 aerodynamic force 气动噪声 aerodynamic noise气动加热 aerodynamic heating 离解 dissociation 地面效应 ground effect 气体动力学 gas dynamics 稀疏波 rarefaction wave 热状态方程 thermal equation of state 喷管 Nozzle 普朗特-迈耶流 Prandtl-Meyer flow 瑞利流Rayleigh flow 可压缩流[动] compressible flow 可压缩流体 compressible fluid 绝热流 adiabatic flow 非绝热流diabatic flow 未扰动流undisturbed flow 等熵流isentropic flow 匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金-于戈尼奥条件 Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程 equation of state 量热状态方程 caloric equation of state 完全气体 perfect gas 拉瓦尔喷管 Laval nozzle 马赫角 Mach angle 马赫锥 Mach cone马赫线 Mach line 马赫数 Mach number 马赫波 Mach wave 当地马赫数 local Mach number 冲击波 shock wave 激波 shock wave正激波 normal shock wave 斜激波 oblique shock wave 头波 bow wave附体激波 attached shock wave 激波阵面 shock front 激波层 shock layer 压缩波compression wave 反射reflection折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 绕射diffraction 出口压力 exit pressure 超压[强] over pressure 反压 back pressure 爆炸 explosion 爆轰 detonation 缓燃 deflagration 水动力学 hydrodynamics 液体动力学 hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波 Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波 Stokes wave 瑞利数 Rayleigh number 自由面 free surface 波速 wave speed, wave velocity 波高 wave height 波列 wave train 波群 wave group 波能 wave energy 外表波 surface wave 外表力波 capillary wave规那么波 regular wave不规那么波 irregular wave 浅水波 shallow water wave 深水波 deep water wave 重力波 gravity wave 椭圆余弦波oidal wave 潮波 tidal wave 涌波 surge wave 破碎波 breaking wave 船波 ship wave 非线性波 nonlinear wave 孤立子 soliton 水动[力]噪声 hydrodynamic noise 水击 water hammer 空化cavitation 空化数 cavitation number 空蚀 cavitation damage 超空化流 supercavitating flow 水翼hydrofoil 水力学 hydraulics 洪水波 flood wave 涟漪 ripple 消能 energy dissipation 海洋水动力学 marine hydrodynamics 齐公式 Chezy formula 欧拉数 Euler number 弗劳德数 Froude number 水力半径 hydraulic radius 水力坡度 hvdraulic slope 高度水头 elevating head 水头损失 head loss 水位 water level 水跃 hydraulic jump 含水层 aquifer 排水 drainage 排放量 discharge 壅水曲线back water curve 压[强水]头 pressure head 过水断面 flow cross-section 明槽流 open channel flow 孔流 orifice flow 无压流 free surface flow 有压流 pressure flow 缓流 subcritical flow 急流supercritical flow 渐变流 gradually varied flow 急变流 rapidly varied flow临界流 critical flow 异重流 density current, gravity flow堰流 weir flow 掺气流 aerated flow 含沙流 sediment-laden stream 降水曲线 dropdown curve 沉积物 sediment, deposit 沉[降堆]积 sedimentation, deposition 沉降速度 settling velocity 流动稳定性 flow stability 不稳定性 instability 奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程 vorticity equation 泊肃叶流 Poiseuille flow 奥辛流 Oseen flow 剪切流 shear flow 粘性流[动] viscous flow 层流 laminar flow 别离流 separated flow 二次流secondary flow 近场流 near field flow 远场流 far field flow 滞止流 stagnation flow 尾流 wake [flow] 回流 back flow 反流 reverse flow 射流 jet 自由射流 free jet 管流 pipe flow, tube flow 流internal flow 拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process 表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性 kinematic viscosity 动力粘性 dynamic viscosity 泊 poise 厘泊 centipoise 厘沱 centistoke 剪切层 shear layer 次层 sublayer流动别离 flow separation 层流别离 laminar separation湍流别离turbulent separation 别离点separation point 附着点attachment point 再附reattachment 再层流化 relaminarization 起动涡 starting vortex 驻涡 standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落 vortex shedding 压[力]降 pressure drop 压差阻力 pressure drag 压力能 pressure energy 型阻 profile drag 滑移速度 slip velocity 无滑移条件 non-slip condition 壁剪应力 skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度 friction velocity 磨擦损失 friction loss 磨擦因子 friction factor 耗散 dissipation 滞后 lag 相似性解 similar solution 局域相似 local similarity 气体润滑 gas lubrication 液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体 slurry 泰勒数Taylor number 纳维-斯托克斯方程 Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid 边界层理论boundary later theory 边界层方程 boundary layer equation 边界层 boundary layer 附面层 boundarylayer 层流边界层 laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层 turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层 thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩 boundary layer transition 边界层别离 boundary layer separation 边界层厚度 boundary layer thickness位移厚度 displacement thickness 动量厚度 momentum thickness 能量厚度 energy thickness 焓厚度 enthalpy thickness 注入 injection吸出 suction 泰勒涡 Taylor vortex 速度亏损律 velocity defect law 形状因子 shape factor 测速法 anemometry 粘度测定法visco[si] metry 流动显示 flow visualization 油烟显示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计orifice meter 频率响应 frequency response 油膜显示 oil film visualization 阴影法 shadow method 纹影法 schlieren method 烟丝法 smoke wire method 丝线法 tuft method 说明氢泡法 nydrogen bubble method 相似理论 similarity theory 相似律 similarity law 局部相似 partial similarity 定理 pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准 static calibration 动态校准 dynamic calibration 风洞wind tunnel 激波管 shock tube 激波管风洞 shock tube wind tunnel 水洞 water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank 旋臂水池 rotating arm basin 扩散段 diffuser 测压孔 pressure tap 皮托管 pitot tube 普雷斯顿管 preston tube 斯坦顿管 Stanton tube 文丘里管 Venturi tube U形管 U-tube 压强计manometer 微压计 micromanometer 多管压强计 multiple manometer 静压管 static [pressure]tube 流速计 anemometer 风速管 Pitot- static tube 激光多普勒测速计 laser Doppler anemometer,laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计 hot-wire anemometer 热膜流速计 hot- film anemometer 流量计 flow meter 粘度计 visco[si] meter 涡量计 vorticity meter 传感器 transducer, sensor 压强传感器pressure transducer 热敏电阻 thermistor 示踪物 tracer 时间线 time line 脉线 streak line 尺度效应 scale effect 壁效应 wall effect 堵塞 blockage 堵寒效应 blockage effect 动态响应 dynamic response 响应频率 response frequency 底压 base pressure 菲克定律 Fick law 巴塞特力 Basset force 埃克特数 Eckert number 格拉斯霍夫数 Grashof number 努塞特数 Nusselt number 普朗特数prandtl number 雷诺比较 Reynolds analogy 施密特数 schmidt number 斯坦顿数 Stanton number 对流convection 自由对流 natural convection, free convec-tion 强迫对流 forced convection 热对流heat convection 质量传递 mass transfer 传质系数 mass transfer coefficient 热量传递 heat transfer 传热系数heat transfer coefficient 对流传热convective heat transfer 辐射传热radiative heat transfer 动量交换 momentum transfer 能量传递 energy transfer 传导 conduction 热传导conductive heat transfer 热交换heat exchange 临界热通量critical heat flux 浓度concentration 扩散diffusion 扩散性diffusivity 扩散率diffusivity 扩散速度diffusion velocity 分子扩散 molecular diffusion 沸腾 boiling 蒸发 evaporation 气化 gasification 凝结condensation 成核 nucleation 计算流体力学 computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题 multiple scale problem 伯格斯方程 Burgers equation 对流扩散方程 convection diffusion equation KDU方程KDV equation 修正微分方程modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理 Lax equivalence theorem 数值模拟numerical simulation 大涡模拟large eddy simulation 数值粘性numerical viscosity 非线性不稳定性 nonlinear instability 希尔特稳定性分析 Hirt stability analysis 相容条件 consistency condition CFL条件 Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件 Dirichlet boundary condition 熵条件 entropy condition 远场边界条件 far field boundary condition 流入边界条件 inflow boundary condition 无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition 数值边界条件 numerical boundary condition 流出边界条件 outflow boundary condition .诺伊曼条件 von Neumann condition 近似因子分解法 approximate factorization method 人工压缩 artificial compression 人工粘性 artificial viscosity 边界元法 boundary element method 配置方法 collocation method 能量法 energy method 有限体积法 finite volume method 流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method 通量校正传输法 flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法 flux vector splitting method 伽辽金法 Galerkin method 积分方法 integral method 标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征线法 method of characteristics 直线法 method of lines 矩量法 moment method 多重网格法 multi- grid method 板块法 panel method 质点网格法 particle in cell method, PIC method 质点法 particle method 预估校正法 predictor-corrector method 投影法projection method 准谱法 pseudo-spectral method 随机选取法 random choice method 激波捕捉法shock-capturing method 激波拟合法 shock-fitting method 谱方法 spectral method 稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method 不定常法 time-dependent method 时间分步法 time splitting method 变分法 variational method 涡方法 vortex method 隐格式 implicit scheme 显格式 explicit scheme 交替方向隐格式 alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式 anti-diffusion difference scheme 紧差分格式 compact difference scheme 守恒差分格式 conservation difference scheme 克兰克-尼科尔森格式 Crank-Nicolson scheme 杜福特-弗兰克尔格式 Dufort-Frankel scheme 指数格式 exponential scheme 戈本诺夫格式 Godunov scheme 高分辨率格式 high resolution scheme 拉克斯-温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme 蛙跳格式leap-frog scheme 单调差分格式monotone difference scheme 保单调差分格式 monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme 穆曼-科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme 半隐格式 semi-implicit scheme 斜迎风格式 skew-upstream scheme 全变差下降格式 total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式 upstream scheme , upwind scheme 计算区域 computational domain 物理区域 physical domain 影响域 domain of influence 依赖域 domain of dependence 区域分解 domain decomposition 维数分解 dimensional split 物理解 physical solution 弱解weak solution黎曼解算子Riemann solver 守恒型conservation form 弱守恒型weak conservation form 强守恒型 strong conservation form 散度型 divergence form 贴体曲线坐标 body- fitted curvilinear coordi-nates [自]适应网格 [self-] adaptive mesh 适应网格生成 adaptive grid generation 自动网格生成 automatic grid generation 数值网格生成 numerical grid generation 交织网格 staggered mesh 网格雷诺数 cell Reynolds number 数植扩散 numerical diffusion 数值耗散numerical dissipation 数值色散numerical dispersion 数值通量numerical flux 放大因子amplification factor 放大矩阵 amplification matrix 阻尼误差 damping error 离散涡 discrete vortex 熵通量 entropy flux 熵函数 entropy function 分步法 fractional step method。
力学英文名词对照
力学英文名词对照力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics 经典力学 classical mechanics 静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics子波 wavelet次级子波 secondary wavelet驻波 standing wave声[音] sound声强 intensity of sound声强计 phonometer声调 intonation音色 musical quality音调 pitch声级 sound level声压[强] sound pressure声源 sound source声阻抗 acoustic impedance声抗 acoustic reactance声阻 acoustic resistance声导纳 acoustic admittance声导 acoustic conductance声纳 acoustic susceptance声共振 acoustic resonance声波 sound wave超声波 supersonic wave声速 sound velocity次声波 infrasonic wave亚声速 subsonic speed又称“亚音速”。
超声速 supersonic speed又称“超音速”。
声呐 sonar共鸣 resonance回波 echo回声 echo拍 beat拍频 beat frequency群速 group velocity相速 phase velocity能流 energy flux能流密度 energy flux density材料力学 mechanics of materials, strength of materials 应力stress法向应力 normal stress剪[切]应力 shear stress单轴应力 uniaxial stress双轴应力 biaxial stress拉[伸]应力 tensile stress压[缩]应力 compressive stress周向应力 circumferential stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress轴向应力 axial stress弯[曲]应力 bending stress, flexural stress 扭[转]应力 torsional stress局部应力 localized stress残余应力 residual stress热应力 thermal stress最大法向应力 maximum normal stress最小法向应力 minimum normal stress最大剪应力 maximum shear stress主应力 principal stress主剪应力 principal shear stress工作应力 working stress许用应力 allowable stress应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数stress concentration factor 应力状态state of stress应力分析 stress analysis结构[强度]分析 structured analysis应变 strain剪[切]应变 shear strain法向应变 normal strain拉[伸]应变 tensile strain压[缩]应变 compressive strain体积应变 volumetric strain残余应变 residual strain热应变 thermal strain最大法向应变 maximum normal strain主应变 principal strain主剪应变 principal shear strain名义应变 nominal strain应变状态 state of strain载荷 load又称“荷载”。
物理名词中英文对照
物理名词中英文对照必修1力学mechanics质点mass point参考系reference frame坐标系coordinate system路径path位移displacement矢量vector标量scalar速度velocity平均速度average velocity瞬时速度instantaneous velocity速率speedv~t图像v~t graph加速度acceleration匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion初速度initial velocity自由落体运动free fall motion自由落体加速度free fall acceleration 重力加速度gravitational acceleration力force重力gravity重心center of gravity万有引力gravitation电磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction 强相互作用strong interaction弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation弹性形变elastic deformation弹性限度elastic limit弹力elastic force劲度系数coefficient of stiffness胡克定律Hooke law摩擦力frictional force静摩擦力static frictional force滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force动摩擦因数dynamic friction factor合理resultant force分力components of force力的合成composition of forces平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 共点力concurrent force力的分解resolution of force三角形定则triangular rule运动学kinematics动力学dynamic牛顿第一定律Newton first law惯性定律law of inertia牛顿第二定律Newton second law 单位制system of units作用力action反作用力reaction牛顿第三定律Newton third law超重overweight失重weightlessness必修2曲线运动curvilinear motion切线tangent抛体运动projectile motion抛物线parabola 线速度linear velocity匀速圆周运动uniform circular motion角速度angular velocity弧度radian向心加速度centripetal acceleration向心力centripetal force引力常量gravitational constant万有引力定律law of universal gravitation 宇宙第一速度first cosmic velocity能energy势能potential energy动能kinetic energy功work功率power重力势能gravitational potential energy弹性势能elastic potential energy动能定理theorem of kinetic energy机械能mechanical energy机械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy能量守恒定律law of energy conservation高考相关的物理学史内容（1）落体理论：亚里士多德：物体下落的快慢是由它们的重量决定，越重的物体下落的越快；伽利略：物体做自由落体运动时与物体本身的重量无关（2）胡克定律：弹力与弹簧形变量成正比（3）亚里士多德认为必须有力作用在物体上，物体才能运动；没有力的作用，物体就要静止在一个地方。
通用中英文力学词汇
力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system 刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation 正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession 半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl。
力学名词英语翻译
力学名词英语翻译力学名词英语翻译力学名词英语翻译力学mechanics 牛顿力学newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule 力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] lagrangian拉格朗日括号lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] hamiltonian哈密顿函数hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程hamilton-jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程appell equation劳斯方程routh equation拉格朗日函数lagrangian function诺特定理noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程duffing equation希尔方程hill equationkbm方法kbm method, krylov-bogoliu-bov-mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式dunkerley formula瑞利定理rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencywkb方法wkb method, wentzel-kramers-brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage达西定律darcy law赫尔-肖流hele-shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流ekman flow埃克曼边界层ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数ekman number罗斯贝数rossby unmber罗斯贝波rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流stokes flow羽流plume理查森数richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation 聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers 挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型voigt-kelvin model宾厄姆模型bingham model奥伊洛特模型oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数deborah number魏森贝格数weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] poiseuille-hartman flow哈特曼数hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, mhd磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流bingham plastic flow开尔文体kelvin body沃伊特体voigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand 流动阈值fluid threshold力学名词英语翻译相关内容:。
力学名词中英对照
[推荐][名词委审定]汉英力学名词(1993)[翻译与翻译辅助工具] [回复] [引用回复] [表格型] [跟帖] [转发到Blog] [关闭] [浏览930 次] 用户名: westbankBZ反应||Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction, BZ reactionFPU问题||Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem, FPU problemKBM方法||KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii methodKS[动态]熵||Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, KS entropyKdV 方程||KdV equationU形管||U-tubeWKB方法||WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method[彻]体力||body force[单]元||element[第二类]拉格朗日方程||Lagrange equation [of the second kind][叠栅]云纹||moiréfringe; 物理学称“叠栅条纹”。
[叠栅]云纹法||moirémethod[抗]剪切角||angle of shear resistance[可]变形体||deformable body[钱]币状裂纹||penny-shape crack[映]象||image[圆]筒||cylinder[圆]柱壳||cylindrical shell[转]轴||shaft[转动]瞬心||instantaneous center [of rotation][转动]瞬轴||instantaneous axis [of rotation][状]态变量||state variable[状]态空间||state space[自]适应网格||[self-]adaptive meshＣ0连续问题||C0-continuous problemＣ1连续问题||C1-continuous problemＣＦＬ条件||Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition, CFL conditionＨＲＲ场||Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren fieldＪ积分||J-integralＪ阻力曲线||J-resistance curveＫＡＭ定理||Kolgomorov-Arnol'd-Moser theorem, KAM theoremＫＡＭ环面||KAM torusｈ收敛||h-convergenceｐ收敛||p-convergenceπ定理||Buckingham theorem, pi theorem阿尔曼西应变||Almansis strain阿尔文波||Alfven wave阿基米德原理||Archimedes principle阿诺德舌[头]||Arnol'd tongue阿佩尔方程||Appel equation阿特伍德机||Atwood machine埃克曼边界层||Ekman boundary layer埃克曼流||Ekman flow埃克曼数||Ekman number埃克特数||Eckert number埃农吸引子||Henon attractor艾里应力函数||Airy stress function鞍点||saddle [point]鞍结分岔||saddle-node bifurcation安定[性]理论||shake-down theory安全寿命||safe life安全系数||safety factor安全裕度||safety margin暗条纹||dark fringe奥尔-索末菲方程||Orr-Sommerfeld equation奥辛流||Oseen flow奥伊洛特模型||Oldroyd model八面体剪应变||octohedral shear strain八面体剪应力||octohedral shear stress八面体剪应力理论||octohedral shear stress theory巴塞特力||Basset force白光散斑法||white-light speckle method摆||pendulum摆振||shimmy板||plate板块法||panel method板元||plate element半导体应变计||semiconductor strain gage半峰宽度||half-peak width半解析法||semi-analytical method半逆解法||semi-inverse method半频进动||half frequency precession半向同性张量||hemitropic tensor半隐格式||semi-implicit scheme薄壁杆||thin-walled bar薄壁梁||thin-walled beam薄壁筒||thin-walled cylinder薄膜比拟||membrane analogy薄翼理论||thin-airfoil theory保单调差分格式||monotonicity preserving difference scheme 保守力||conservative force保守系||conservative system爆发||blow up爆高||height of burst爆轰||detonation; 又称“爆震”。
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[推荐][名词委审定]汉英力学名词(1993)[翻译与翻译辅助工具] [回复] [引用回复] [表格型] [跟帖] [转发到Blog] [关闭] [浏览930 次] 用户名: westbankBZ反应||Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction, BZ reactionFPU问题||Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem, FPU problemKBM方法||KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii methodKS[动态]熵||Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, KS entropyKdV 方程||KdV equationU形管||U-tubeWKB方法||WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method[彻]体力||body force[单]元||element[第二类]拉格朗日方程||Lagrange equation [of the second kind][叠栅]云纹||moiréfringe; 物理学称“叠栅条纹”。
[叠栅]云纹法||moirémethod[抗]剪切角||angle of shear resistance[可]变形体||deformable body[钱]币状裂纹||penny-shape crack[映]象||image[圆]筒||cylinder[圆]柱壳||cylindrical shell[转]轴||shaft[转动]瞬心||instantaneous center [of rotation][转动]瞬轴||instantaneous axis [of rotation][状]态变量||state variable[状]态空间||state space[自]适应网格||[self-]adaptive meshＣ0连续问题||C0-continuous problemＣ1连续问题||C1-continuous problemＣＦＬ条件||Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition, CFL conditionＨＲＲ场||Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren fieldＪ积分||J-integralＪ阻力曲线||J-resistance curveＫＡＭ定理||Kolgomorov-Arnol'd-Moser theorem, KAM theoremＫＡＭ环面||KAM torusｈ收敛||h-convergenceｐ收敛||p-convergenceπ定理||Buckingham theorem, pi theorem阿尔曼西应变||Almansis strain阿尔文波||Alfven wave阿基米德原理||Archimedes principle阿诺德舌[头]||Arnol'd tongue阿佩尔方程||Appel equation阿特伍德机||Atwood machine埃克曼边界层||Ekman boundary layer埃克曼流||Ekman flow埃克曼数||Ekman number埃克特数||Eckert number埃农吸引子||Henon attractor艾里应力函数||Airy stress function鞍点||saddle [point]鞍结分岔||saddle-node bifurcation安定[性]理论||shake-down theory安全寿命||safe life安全系数||safety factor安全裕度||safety margin暗条纹||dark fringe奥尔-索末菲方程||Orr-Sommerfeld equation奥辛流||Oseen flow奥伊洛特模型||Oldroyd model八面体剪应变||octohedral shear strain八面体剪应力||octohedral shear stress八面体剪应力理论||octohedral shear stress theory巴塞特力||Basset force白光散斑法||white-light speckle method摆||pendulum摆振||shimmy板||plate板块法||panel method板元||plate element半导体应变计||semiconductor strain gage半峰宽度||half-peak width半解析法||semi-analytical method半逆解法||semi-inverse method半频进动||half frequency precession半向同性张量||hemitropic tensor半隐格式||semi-implicit scheme薄壁杆||thin-walled bar薄壁梁||thin-walled beam薄壁筒||thin-walled cylinder薄膜比拟||membrane analogy薄翼理论||thin-airfoil theory保单调差分格式||monotonicity preserving difference scheme 保守力||conservative force保守系||conservative system爆发||blow up爆高||height of burst爆轰||detonation; 又称“爆震”。
爆破||blasting爆心||explosion center爆炸||explosion爆炸当量||explosion equivalent爆炸洞||explosion chamber爆炸力学||mechanics of explosion贝蒂定理||Betti theorem贝纳尔对流||Benard convection倍周期分岔||period doubling bifurcation被动土压力||passive earth pressure本构方程||constitutive equation本构关系||constitutive relation本原元||primitive element本征矢[量]||eigenvector本征振动||eigenvibration崩落||spallation比例极限||proportional limit比例加载||proportional loading比面||specific surface; 单位体积所占的表面积。
比强度||specific strength比重||specific gravity, specific weight毕奥-萨伐尔定律||Biot-Savart law闭锁键||blocked bond壁剪切速度||friction velocity; 又称“摩擦速度”。
壁剪应力||skin friction, frictional drag壁效应||wall effect边节点||mid-side node边界层||boundary layer边界层方程||boundary layer equation边界层分离||boundary layer separation边界层厚度||boundary layer thickness边界层理论||boundary layer theory边界层转捩||boundary layer transition边界积分法||boundary integral method边界解法||boundary solution method边界润滑||boundary lubrication边界元||boundary element边界元法||boundary element method边缘效应||edge effect扁壳||shallow shell变带宽矩阵||profile matrix变分法||variational method变截面杆||bar of variable cross-section变截面梁||beam of variable cross-section变形梯度||deformation gradient变质量动力学||variable-mass dynamics变质量系||variable-mass system标记网格法||marker and cell method, MAC method 标架无差异性||frame indifference表观粘度||apparent viscosity表观粘聚力||apparent cohesion表面波||surface wave表面力||surface force表面裂纹||surface crack表面张力||surface tension表面张力波||capillary wave宾厄姆模型||Bingham model宾厄姆塑性流||Bingham plastic flow冰崩||iceslide冰压力||ice pressure并矢||dyad并向流||co-current flow波||wave波包||wave packet波长||wavelength波峰||[wave] crest波腹||[wave] loop波高||wave height波谷||[wave] trough波节||[wave] node波列||wave train波面||wave surface波能||wave energy波前||wave front波前法||frontal method波群||wave group波矢[量]||wave vector波数||wave number波速||wave speed, wave velocity波纹板||corrugated plate波纹壳||corrugated shell波阵面||wave front波阻||wave drag伯格斯方程||Burgers equation伯努利定理||Bernoulli theorem伯努利方程||Bernoulli equation泊||poise泊松比||Poisson ratio泊松括号||Poisson bracket泊肃叶-哈特曼流||Poiseuille-Hartman flow泊肃叶定律||Poiseuille law泊肃叶流||Poiseuille flow补偿技术||compensation technique补偿片||compensating gage不定常法||time-dependent method; 又称“时间相关法”。