专四短文听写常见错误评析

An Analysis of Common Mistakes in Dictation of Tem-4

一、由音变现象而导致的错误(change of pronunciation)

二、由英美两种发音差异而导致的错误(different pronunciation in British English

and American English)

三、同音词与近音词分辨不清(the words having same or similar pronunciation)

四、单词拼写导致的错误(wrong spelling)

一、由音变现象而导致的错误(Change of pronunciation, including linking,

assimilation, weak form, incomplete plosive)

I. Sound-linking

1．What is linking?

When speakers of English are speaking, they arrange words into groups and

join together the stressed and unstressed words within the group. They move

smoothly from one word to the next without making any sudden stops. So

when we listen to their speech, we hear the end of one word flow straight into

the beginning of the next. This phenomenon of joining words together is

called linking.

2. How to link words in English speech?

Speakers of English join words together by blending or joining the last sound of a word with the initial sound of the following word.

For example:

Flight 5125 scheduled to take off at 11:30 will be delayed for 20 minutes. Please check in half an hour prior to departure.

(checking) (half a now)

2. Assimilatio n—to change the pronunciation of some final and initial consonants

英语口语中，某些音连读通常发生音变，称作音的同化现象。音变不仅仅发

生在词与词之间，还通常发生在词的内部。

Sentence Practice

1. Here is the answer.

2. There is a huge tree over there.

3. After an early breakfast, we started off.

4. He is slower at eating.

5. He didn’t say a word for a while.

6. She sat up for a long time.

7. The teacher asked a question.

Sing the song (My Heart Will Go On)

Dictation (Pet)

III．Weak Forms

1. Definition

Many function words in English have two pronunciations: a stressed form (or strong form) and unstressed form (or reduced form, weak form). The unstressed form is thus an alternative pronunciation of a word which is reduced in its articulation. /ə/ is the most frequently used vowel in the unstressed forms and next comes /i/.

弱音即元音的弱化，指一个单词中的元音在口语中，由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位置，而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音的语音现象。在日常生活中，这种弱音现象具有不确定性(uncertainty)，它完全取决于说话人当时的语气、情绪、习惯等因素，这可能使得实际读音与标准音相比相去甚远，需多加小心弱读现象。

2. The Importance of Learning Weak Forms

Firstly, most native speakers of English find an “all-strong form” pronunciation very unpleasant.

Secondly, learners who are not familiar with the use of weak forms are likely to

have difficulty understanding native speakers.

For example: the possible pronunciations of “and”:1)

“bread and butter”

Listening Exercise of Strong Forms & Weak Forms

Dictation (Tourism)

IV. Incomplete Plosive

1. Plosive

爆破音(plosive)是指气流(air flew)在口腔中某处形成阻碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。这些音有6个，即[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]。但在某些情况下，发爆破音时，气流不必冲破阻碍，而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，并稍作停顿（也就是说，做好发这个音的准备，但不要发出音来），这样的发音过程叫做“不完全爆破”。

Phrase Practice 1

1) Have you rea(d) the book abou(t) tha(t) child.

2) The thir(d) chair is broken.

Phrase Practice 2,3

1) Goo(d) morning, sir.

2) Goo(d) night.

3) They are very frien(d)ly to us.

Phrase Practice4,5