高中英语Module2NoDrugsSectionⅢGrammar不定式(短语)作目的状语和结果状语从句教学案外研必修2

Module 2 No DrugsSection Ⅲ Grammar 不定式（短语）作目的状
语和结果状语从句
语法图解
探究发现
①I stole something every day to pay for the drugs.
②I took the doctor’s advice in order not to continue taking drugs.
③I refused to take the drug so as not to become addicted.
④He raised his voice in order to be heard by all the students.
⑤He spoke slowly for us to follow him.
⑥Some people feel sonervous that they call the police.
⑦It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died.
⑧He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.
[我的发现]
(1)在例句①～⑤中，不定式(短语)都作目的状语。

(2)不定式的否定形式只需在不定式符号to前加not，如例句②③。

(3)不定式的被动式为to_be_done，如例句④。

(4)不定式作目的状语时，句子的主语应是不定式动作的发出者。

但如果不是，就要用for_sb._to_do_sth.，如例句⑤。

(5)例句⑥⑦⑧是结果状语从句。

其中such修饰名词(短语)，so修饰形容词或副词。

一、不定式(短语)作目的状语
不定式(短语)作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。

1．to do ...为了……
这种形式可置于句首(起强调作用，有逗号与句子隔开)或句尾(通常不用逗号隔开)。

在句首时常译为“为了……”；在句尾时常译作“以便……，目的是……”。

To catch the early bus, I got up early this morning.
为了赶上早班车，我今天早上很早就起床了。

We work hard to be admitted to a key university.
我们努力学习，目的是考上重点大学。

[名师点津] 不定式(短语)表示的是主语的目的，因此其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。

[译]为了画好地图，你需要一支特殊的钢笔。

[误]To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.
[正]To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
2．in order to do ...为了……
这种形式更能突出目的性，既可以置于句首又可以置于句尾。

In order to lose weight, he takes exercise like crazy.
＝He takes exercise like crazy in order to lose weight.
为了减肥，他拼命锻炼。

3．so as to do ...为了……
这种形式与in order to do ... 一样突出目的性，但so as to do ... 不能置于句首。

He closed the window so as to keep warm.
为了保暖他关上了窗户。

[名师点津] 不定式的否定式均是在to前加not。

We had better hurry up in order/so as not to be late for class.
为了不上课迟到，我们最好快点。

[即时演练1]
(1)选出不定式作目的状语的句子
①We must do everything we can to help them.
②He left, never to return.
③To do a good job, we must have the right tools.
④We jumped with joy to hear the news.
⑤She was too young t o understand all that.
⑥She studied very hard to get high grades.
⑦Many farmers fertilize their crops in order to make them grow more quickly.
⑧We plant trees every year so as to protect the soil on the hill.
答案：①，③，⑥，⑦，⑧
(2)一句多译
我们将召开会议来讨论这种不健康的生活方式。

①We’ll hold a meeting to_discuss the unhealthy lifestyle.
②We’ll hold a meeting in_order_to_discuss the unhealthy lifestyle.
③We’ll hold a meeting so_as_to_discuss the unhealthy lifestyle.
④In_order_to_discuss the unhealthy lifestyle, we’ll hold a meeting .
⑤To_discuss the unhealthy lifestyle, we’ll hold a meeting .
4．不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当不定式(短语)有自己的执行者时，需用不定式的复合结构for sb. to do作状语。

He opened the door for the children to come in.
他打开门以便孩子们进来。

5．目的状语从句与不定式的转换
不定式(短语)作目的状语可以与目的状语从句相互转换。

(1)当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。

例如：
We dressed up in order that/so that we could start early.
＝We dressed up in order to/so as tostar t early.
我们穿戴整齐以便早点动身。

(2)当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。

I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
＝I came early for you to read my report before the meeting.
我早点来是为了你在会前可以看我的报告。

[即时演练2] 句型转换
①We stayed in Beijing so that/in order that we could visit the Bird’s Nest.
→We stayed in Beijing so_as_to/in_order_to_visit the Bird’s Nest.
②We will do everything for them to live happily.
→We will do everything in_order_that/so_that_they_can_live happily.
③We’ll hold a meeting in order that you can know the programme.
→We’ll hold a meeting for_you_to_know the programme.
二、结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示事情的结果，常置于主句之后。

结果状语从句常用so ... that ..., such ... that, so that三种形式来表示。

1. so ... that ...句型
(1)so ＋形容词/副词＋that从句
His father was so angry that he turned the table upside down.
他父亲很生气，以至于把桌子掀翻了。

(2)so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词(单数)＋that从句
It was so hot a day that they wanted to go swimming.
天那么热，他们想去游泳。

(3)so＋many/much/little (少)/few＋名词＋that从句
There were so many people there that I couldn’t pick her out.
那儿有很多人，我不能认出她来。

[名师点津] 当little作“小的”解时，其前用such。

试比较：
He gave me so little time that I could not finish the work on time.
他给我的时间如此少，以至于我不能按时完成任务。

He is such a little boy that he can’t understand this word.
他是如此小的一个男孩，以至于他不懂这个词的意思。

2. such ... that ...句型
(1)such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词(单数)＋that从句
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.
她是一个如此可爱的女孩，以至于我们大家都喜欢她。

(2)such＋形容词＋可数名词(复数)/不可数名词＋that从句
They are such friendly kids that we all like to be friends with them.
他们是一群友善的孩子，我们都喜欢和他们做朋友。

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他进步很快，老师们对他很满意。

[名师点津] 当“so/such＋被修饰的部分”位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。

So strong was the wind that he could hardly move forward.
风刮得如此猛烈，以至于他几乎是寸步难行。

Such a beautiful park is it that lots of visitors come here every year.
它是一个如此美丽的公园，每年有很多游客来这里。

[即时演练3]
(1)选词填空：so/such
①He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.
②It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.
③It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.
④They are such good villagers that we get on well with them.
⑤You can’t imagine such little birds can eat so many insects in such a short time.
(2)句型转换
①He spoke so loudly that everyone could hea r him clearly.
→So loudly_did_he_speak that everyone could hear him clearly.
②It is such a lovely day that I’d like to go on a picnic.
→Such a_lovely_day_is_it that I’d like to go on a picnic.
3．so that句型
so that可引导结果状语从句，译为“因此，结果”，通常用逗号和主句隔开。

还可引导目的状语从句，此时从句中常有can, could, might, may等情态动词。

试比较：He turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the song.
他把收音机的音量调高了，结果每个人都听到了那首歌。

(结果状语从句)
He turned up the radio so that everyone could hear the song.
他把收音机的音量调高，目的是每个人都能听见那首歌。

(目的状语从句)
[即时演练4] 完成句子
①他起得很早，结果赶上了第一班车。

He got up early, so that he_caught_the_first_bus.
②请说得再大点声，以便我们能听得清楚。

Please speak louder so that we_can_hear_clearly.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To_keep (keep) fit, she takes exercise every day.
2．I ran all the way so as not_to_be (not be) late for the important meeting.
3．He has so little education that he is unable to find a job.
4．Tom was such an honest boy that he was praised.
5．She has so many friends that she never feels lonely.
6．The shop sells such expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.
7．We paid him immediately, so that he left (leave) happily.
8．The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to shout to_be_heard (hear)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．To_be_a_good_teacher,_one must first be a good person.
要做一名好老师，先要做一个好人。

2．In_order_to/To_save the drowning child, he lay down his own life.
为了救落水儿童，他付出了自己的生命。

3．The boy worked very hard in_order/so_as_to_make_up_for_the_lost_time.
这个男孩非常努力，为的是弥补失去的时间。

4．He earned so_little_money_that he couldn’t support his family.
他挣的钱如此少，以至于养不起家。

5．They are such_interesting_films_that we want to see them a second time.
这些电影那么有趣，我们想再看一遍。

6．English is so_interesting_a_subject/such_an_interesting_subject_that everyone enjoys learning it.
英语是如此有趣的一个科目，以至于大家都喜欢学。

7．So badly was_he_injured_that he had to be sent to the hospital.
他伤得很重，不得不被送往医院。

8．Our teacher spoke slowly so_that_the_students_could_understand_him.
我们的老师讲得慢，以便学生能听懂。

Ⅲ.短文改错
Manager,
I am an exchange student from China. Yesterday, I went to your cinema see a film. The film was very well, but I did not enjoy it because there were some problems in the cinema.
First, the film was delayed as there were so much advertisements at the beginning. It was rather annoyed. Second, the sound of the film was too loud that I could hardly bear. The EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, which presented potential safety problems. If something terribly should happen, it will be difficult for people to get out quickly.
As a visitor to your city, I’m disappointed with my experience in your cinema.
I am writing a letter in the hope that you can consider on these problems and make some improvements.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
答案：第二句：在see前加to
第三句：well→good
第四句：much→many
第五句：annoyed→annoying
第六句：too→so；在bear后加it
第八句：terribly→terrible; will→would
第十句：a→the；去掉on。