FrancisBaconOf Truth常州大学学生作业33页PPT
《OfStudies赏析》PPT课件
Of Faction (1597, much enlarged 1625) Of Ceremonies and Respects (1597, enlarged 1625) Of Praise (1612, enlarged 1625) Of Vain Glory (1612) Of Honour and Reputation (1597, omitted 1612, republished 1625) Of Judicature (1612) Of Anger (1625) Of Vicissitude of Things (1625) A Fragment of an Essay of Fame Of the Colours of Good and Evil
Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates (1612, enlarged 1625) Of Regimen of Health (1597, enlarged 1612, again 1625) Of Suspicion (1625) Of Discourse (1597, slightly enlarged 1612, again 1625) Of Plantations (1625) Of Riches (1612, much enlarged 1625) Of Prophecies (1625) Of Ambition (1612, enlarged 1625) Of Masques and Triumphs (1625) Of Nature in Men (1612, enlarged 1625) Of Custom and Education (1612, enlarged 1625) Of Fortune (1612, slightly enlarged 1625) Of Usury (1625) Of Youth and Age (1612, slightly enlarged 1625) Of Beauty (1612, slightly enlarged 1625) Of Deformity (1612, somewhat altered 1625) Of Building (1625) Of Gardens (1625) Of Negotiating (1597, enlarged 1612, very slightly altered 1625) Of Followers and Friends (1597, slightly enlarged 1625) Of Suitors (1597, enlarged 1625)
Francis Bacon(英国文学课件)
• If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English Renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser 风 格的and the drama of Shakespeare, the 格的 intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis Bacon, English philosopher and statesman, one of the pioneers of modern scientific thought.
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• Being unwittingly on his deathbed, the philosopher wrote his last letter to his absent host and friend Lord Arundel: • "My very good Lord,—I was likely to have had the fortune of Caius Plinius the elder, who lost his life by trying an experiment about the burning of Mount Vesuvius; for I was also desirous to try an experiment or two touching the conservation and induration of bodies. As for the experiment itself, it succeeded excellently well; but in the journey between London and Highgate, I was taken with such a fit of casting as I know not whether it were the Stone, or some surfeit or cold, or indeed a touch of them all three. But when I came to your Lordship's House, I was not able to go back, and therefore was forced to take up my lodging here, where your housekeeper is very careful and diligent about me, which I assure myself your Lordship will not only pardon towards him, but think the better of him for it. For indeed your Lordship's House was happy to me, and I kiss your noble hands for the welcome which I am sure you give me to it. I know how unfit it is for me to write with any other hand than mine own, but by my troth my fingers are so disjointed with sickness that I cannot steadily hold a pen."
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon
• At the same time that he was founding and promoting this new project for the advancement of learning, Bacon was also moving up the ladder of state service. His career aspirations had been largely disappointed under Elizabeth I, but with the ascension of James his political fortunes rose. Knighted in 1603, he was then steadily promoted to a series of offices, including Solicitor General (1607), Attorney General (1613), and eventually Lord Chancellor (1618). While serving as Chancellor, he was indicted on charges of bribery and forced to leave public office. He then retired to his estate where he devoted himself full time to his continuing literary, scientific, and philosophical work. He died in 1626, leaving behind a cultural legacy that, for better or worse, includes most of the foundation for the triumph of technology and for the modern world as we currently know it.
francis bacon
Francis BaconBacon was born on 22 January 1561 in London. He was a famous lawyer, philosopher, scientist, essayist, and statesman. In addition, he was regarded as the representative of Renaissance in England and laid the foundation for modern science.◆ Bacon’s lifeBacon was descended from a noble family, so he was well educated at home in his early years. It was the good home education that makes Bacon intelligent and excellent in both his academic achievement and the behavior. At the age of twelve, he was admitted to Cambridge University. At that time, he began to suspect the traditional belief and wonder the truth of life. In his youth, the sudden death of his father prompted him to return to England. Sir Nicholas did not lay up a considerable sum of money him. Having borrowed money, Bacon got into debt. In order to support himself, he took up his residence in law in 1579. And then in 1584, he was elected as the Member of Parliament. In 1602, after the death of Elizabeth, he was promoted by James the first. But in the end, he was accused of corruption and received a bad fame. So he devoted himself to studying theories until he died in 1621◆ Bacon’s works, theory and influenceBacon’ works included Advancement of Learning, The New Atlantics, and Maxim of the Law and so on. They described something about thephilosophy, law, science and so on. He tried to show us the truth of the nature and the importance of knowledge and science. He separated theology from scientific observations and experiments, thus making a great step forward in science and put forward his own theory called Bacon’s theory, which have an great influence in the development of science.Bacon has also put forward a lot of famous sayings. I really appreciate one of his saying--Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. It is exactly true at least for me. I always believe that the more we read the more full our lives are.。
FrancisBaconPPT教学课件
Tamburlaine the Great (1587) Doctor Faustus (1588) The Jew of Malta (1589) Edward II (1593)
2020/12/09
human character
2020/12/09
9
Style
a. The arguments are well arranged in unity and coherence in one paragraph.
b. the conciseness of expressions and phrases presents a plain style as well as his simple language.
In 1621, fell out of favor because of bribery
2020/12/09
3
Bቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱcon as a Man
thinker, philosopher, statesman
a corrupted man, who was described as “wisest, brightest & meanest man.”
2020/12/09
8
Of studies
purpose of reading attitudes towards study principles of studies study method study develop your character/effect of study on
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
francis bacon(免费)
❖ For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement only by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.
❖ The simple metaphors have deep implications.
❖ The omission makes the essay concise, clear and coherent.
❖ The natural flow of parallels makes his logic and philosophical argument convincingly and forceful.
• Essays has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.
Characteristics of Bacon’s Essays
❖ Compact ❖ Logical ❖ Powerful ❖ Elegant
英国文学.培根ppt课件
6
(1561-1626)
A statesman, scientist, philosopher,
and essayist of the late Renaissance England
Contemporary of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I, Galilei
and Gui Youguang
7
Life
1. Met Queen Elizabeth I (9)
Famously replied “Two years younger than Your Majesty’s happy reign”
2. Entered Trinity College, Cambridge (12)
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天 生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接， 而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当
Knowledge improves experience and experience improves knowledge
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5. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之 士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在 书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
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5. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
FrancisBacon
FrancisBaconFrancis Bacon, 1st Viscount Saint Alban, KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist and author. He is known as the Father of Empiricism and famously died of pneumonia contracted while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method and pioneer in the scientific revolution.His works established and popularized deductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method or simply, the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. His dedication probably led to his death so bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments.Bacon was knighted in 1603, created Baron Verulam in 1618, and Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both peerages became extinct upon his death.List of published worksMany of Bacon's writings were only published after his death in 1626.Essays (1597)The Elements of the Common Law of England (1597)A Declaration of the Practises & Treasons Attempted andCommitted by Robert, late Earl of Essex and his Complices (1601) Francis Bacon His Apology, in Certain Imputations Concerning the late Earl of Essex (1604) Certain Considerations Touching the Better Pacification and Edification of the Church of England (1604)The Proficience and Advancement of Learning (1605)Cogitata et Visa (Thoughts and Conclusions; 1607)Redargutio Philosphiarum (The Refutation of Philosophies; 1608, published posthumously) Inquisitio Legitima de Motu (1608?, published 1653)De sapientia veterum liber (1609)Descriptio Globi Intellectus (1612)Thema Coeli (1612, published 1653)The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon, Knight, the King's Attorney-General, Touching Duels (1614) The Wisdom of the Ancients (1619)De Principiis atque Originibus (1620, published 1653)Novum Organum (1620)The History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh (1622) Historia Naturalis et Experimentalis (1623)[33]Apophthegms, New and Old (1625)The Translation of Certain Psalms (1625)New Atlantis (1626)De Augmentis Scientiarium (1623)Sylva Sylvarum (1623, published 1627)Scripta in naturali et universli philisophia (pub. 1653)Baconiana, Or Certain Genuine Remains Of Sr. Francis Bacon (pub. 1679)InfluenceBacon's ideas about the improvement of the human lot wereinfluential in the 1630s and 1650s among a number of Parliamentarian scholars. During the Restoration, Bacon was commonly invoked as a guiding spirit of the Royal Society founded under Charles II in 1660.[34][35]In the nineteenth century his emphasis on induction was revived and developed by William Whewell, among others.[36]John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost.He was a scholarly man of letters, a polemical writer, and an official serving under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval in England, and his poetry and prose reflect deep convictions and deal with contemporary issues, such as his treatise condemning censorship, Areopagitica. As well as English, he wrote in Latin and Italian, and had an international reputation during his lifetime. After his death, Milton's critical reception oscillated, a state of affairs that continued through the centuries. At an early stage he became the subject of partisan biographies, such as that of John Toland from the nonconformist perspective, and a hostile account by Anthony à Wood. Samuel Johnson wrote unfavourably of his politics as those of "an acrimonious and surly republican"; but praised Paradise Lost" "a poem which, considered with respect to design may claim the first place, and with respect to performance, the second, among the productions of the human mind". William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the "greatest English author".[1] He remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance."[2]Charles John Huffam Dickens(pronounced /?t?ɑrlz ?d?k?nz/;7 February 1812 –9 June 1870) was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literature's most iconic characters.[1] Many of his novels, with their recurrent concern for social reform, first appeared in magazines in serialised form, a popular format at the time. Unlike other authors who completed entire novels before serialisation, Dickens often created the episodes as they were being serialized. The practice lent his stories a particular rhythm, punctuated by cliffhangers to keep the public looking forward to the next instalment.[2] The continuing popularity of his novels and short stories is such that they have never gone out of print.[3]His work has been praised for its mastery of prose and unique personalities by writers such as George Gissing and G. K. Chesterton, though others, such as Henry James and Virginia Woolf, criticised him for sentimentality and implausibility.William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 –23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude,a semiautobiographical poem of his early years which he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge." Wordsworth was Britain's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, FRS (6 August 1809 –6 October 1892), much better known as "Alfred, Lord Tennyson," was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular poets in theEnglish language. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, "In the valley of Cauteretz", "Break, Break, Break", "The Charge of the Light Brigade", "Tears, Idle Tears" and "Crossing the Bar". Much of his verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as Ulysses, although In Memoriam A.H.H. was written to commemorate his best friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and fellow student at Trinity College, Cambridge, who was engaged to Tennyson's sister, but died from a cerebral hemorrhage before they were married. Tennyson also wrote some notable blank verse including Idylls of the King, Ulysses, and Tithonus. During his career, Tennyson attempted drama, but his plays enjoyed little success.Tennyson wrote a number of phrases that have become commonplaces of the English language, including: "Nature, red in tooth and claw", "'Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all", "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die", "My strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is pure", "Knowledge comes, but Wisdom lingers", and "The old order changeth, yielding place to new". He is the second most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations after ShakespeareSir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726])[1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian who is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the most influential people in human history. His 1687 publication of the Philosophi? Naturalis Principia Mathematica(usually called the Principia) is considered to be among the most influential books in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical mechanics. In thiswork, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope[7] and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem, developed Newton's method for approximating the roots of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.Newton remains uniquely influential to scientists, as demonstrated by a 2005 survey of members of Britain's Royal Society asking who had the greater effect on the history of science and made the greater contribution to humankind, Newton or Albert Einstein. Royal Society scientists deemed Newton to have made the greater overall contribution on both.[8] Newton was also highly religious, though an unorthodox Christian, writing more on Biblical hermeneutics and occult studies than the natural science for which he is remembered today. The 100by astrophysicist Michael H. Hart ranks Newton as the second most influential person in history (below Muhammad and above Jesus).。
最新培根幻灯片
语言只是物质的幻象，迷恋语言就是迷恋图像。
“稍有哲学知识就会使人倾向于无神论，而深 刻的哲学识见则使人产生宗教思想。”
真理是时间的女儿而不是权威的女儿
认识真理（就是与之同处）和相信真理（就 是享受它）乃是人性中最高的美德。
阅读使人充实，会谈使人敏捷，写作与笔记 使人精确。
史鉴使人明智；诗歌使人巧慧；数学使人精 细；博物使人深沉；伦理之学使人庄重；逻 辑与修辞使人善辩。
“历来处理科学的人，不是试验家，就是教条者。实 验家像蚂蚁，只会采集和使用；推论家像蜘蛛，只凭 自己的材料来织成丝网。而蜜蜂是采取中间的道路， 他在庭院里和田野里从花丛中采集材料，而用自己的 能力加以变化和消化。哲学的真正任务就是这样，它 既非完全或主要依靠新的能力，也非只从自然历史和 机械试验收来的材料原封不动、囫囵吞枣的置于记忆 当中，而是把它们变化过和消化过以后放置在理解力 当中。这样看来，要把这两种技能，即试验和理性更 密切更精纯的结合起来（这是迄今还未做到的），我 们就可以有很多的希望。”
他说，正如阳光既照耀在金碧辉煌的宫殿上，也同样 照亮阴沟一样，我们研究自然也是有合法性的。
人要尊重自然，以自然为中心而不是以人为中心认识 自然
人是有理智和感觉的。可以观察、分析、说明自然， 找到自然的“旨意”，按照自然的旨意行动。
认识的目的在于发现自然事物的“形式”即规 律或内在本质。
认识的本质就是对客观存在的“世界模型”的 “模仿”，“知识就是存在的表象”“存在的 真理和知识的真理是同一个东西，两者的差异 不过如同实在的光线和折射的光线罢了”
一次不公的裁判比多次不平的举动为祸犹烈。 因为这些不平的举动不过弄脏了水流，而不公 的裁判则把水源败坏了。——《论司法》
金钱有如肥料，撒下去才有用处
培根论读书中英对照版PPT课件
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭 条文断事乃学究故态。
16
They perfect（ make perfect or complete ）nature, and (studies) are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning （ weed out unwanted or unnecessary things） by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large (in general), except they be unded in by experience.
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干 犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示， 如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
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Crafty men（a person skilled in a job） contemn (look down on with disdain) studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
What do we mean by essay?
Any short composition in prose that undertakes to
5_Francis_Bacon
History and anthology of English literature
Mottos by Bacon
5. Wives are young men’s mistresses, companion’s for middle age, and old men’s nurses. 妻子是年轻时的情人，中年时的伴侣， 妻子是年轻时的情人，中年时的伴侣，老 年时的陪护。 年时的陪护。
History and anthology of English literature
Analyzing Of Studies
“Of Studies ” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to purse studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, Of Studies reveals to us Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.
History and anthology of English literature
Mottos by Bacon
1. Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance. 美犹如盛夏的水果， 美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持 世上有许多美人， 的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青 却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 2. It is impossible to love and be wise. 要恋爱而又要理智是不可能的。 要恋爱而又要理智是不可能的。
Francis_Bacon_Of Truth-常州大学学生作业
Career
1587: Be elected to Parliament
1618：Became lord High Chancellor 1620： Won the titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St Albans 1621：Be charged with bribery and betrayal(出卖) of justice
The philosophical works:
Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》(1605) Novum Organum 《新工具论》（1620） New Atlantis 《新大西岛》(1624-1626)
Literary works:
Essays 《论说文集》(1597-1625) -- Includes
Bacon’s Importance to Literature
He was the first English writer to pay attention to the audience to whom he was writing.
He wrote the greatest tracts on education in the E of Learning.
当时犹太人有个规矩：在一年一度的逾越 节（犹太人的新年） ，巡抚会给他们释放 一个囚犯。。当时犹太人规定：每逢逾越 节就要求巡抚释放一个囚犯给他们。彼拉 多在众多囚犯之中，他选了一个名叫臭名 远扬，无恶不作的杀人犯巴拉巴。而耶稣 没有做过什么坏事，更没有犯什么死罪。 在巴拉巴和耶稣两者之中，让他们选择要 释放哪一个，这个选择应该是最明显不过 了。但犹太人是因为嫉妒才陷害耶稣，要 借彼拉多的手把他除掉。
论求知(1)
——比喻论证。生动阐明：读好书 不能只读笔记摘要。
以下段落用了什么论证方法？什么修辞 手法？有什么表达作用？ 读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，演算使 人思维精密，哲理使人思想深刻，伦理 学使人有修养，逻辑修辞使人善辩。总 之，“知识能塑造人的性格”。
比喻论证。比喻、排比修辞。列举六门 学科知识的作用，层次分明，句式整齐， 造成不断列举的气势，有力证明“知识 能塑造人的性格”的论点。
求知的作用究竟是什么？ 请从本文中概括。
求知可以增长才干； 可以改进人的天性；能 塑造人的性格；治疗精 神上的各种缺陷。
这篇议论文论述的范围相当
广泛，但思路很清晰。
朗读课文，想一想，
作者为什么用“论
求知”作标题?
培根另一句
有关知识的名言
是什么？
作业：
本文语言精练有力， 警句较多。把你喜欢 的名言警句记在本子 上。
列么以 出论下 提证段 纲方落 。法主
？要 请运 为用 本了 段什
不仅如此，精神上的各种缺 陷，还都可以通过求知来弥补。 正如身体上的缺陷，可以通过运 动来弥补一样。例如打球有利于 腰肾，射箭可扩胸利肺，散步则 有助于消化，骑术使人反应敏捷 ，等等。同样，一个思维不集中 的人，可以研习数学，因为数学 稍不仔细就会出错。缺乏分析判 断力的人，可以研习经院哲学， 因为这门学问最讲究繁琐辩证。 不善于推理的人，可以研习法律 学，如此等等。这种种头脑上的 缺陷，都可以通过求知来疗治。
论求知
——弗兰西斯.培根
序言
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Lesson 1 Of Studies--Bacon
2. The second part is from “Read not to contradict and confute,… he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not”.
The author tells us how to read books, the method and benefit of reading.
3. The third part is from “Histories… to the last sentence. The author advocates that the functions of the reading should be making the reader a full man, ready man, exact man, wise-witty, subtle, deep and grave…. Studies can be also used as the medicine to cure mind, and keep the mind from wandering away.
privateness: private life discourse: carrying on a conversation The delight of reading lies in your private life and retirement. The beautifying of reading lies in how you talk to others.The way reading strengthens your ablity lies in your act of judging, how you assess a person or situation or event and how you deal with it.
7-Francis Bacon
Two Kinds of Essay
• Montaigne was particularly concerned to discover himself in his writing. As he states in his preface, ‘my selfe am the groundworke of my booke’. It is Montaigne’s aim then to simply follow the trains of his thought wherever they may lead him, describing ‘not the essence, but the passage’ of himself.
The Advancement of Learning
A great tract on education According to Francis Bacon, knowledge can be divided into two kinds: one is obtained from the Divine Revelation, the other is the knowledge from the workings of human mind. Man’s understanding consists of three parts; history to man’s memory, poetry to man’s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man’s reason.
Essays
Montaigne, the first great modern essayist, is the predecessor of Bacon. The term “ essay” was borrowed from Montaigne’s Essais which appeared from 1580 to 1588. Bacon’s style has three prominent qualities:. directness, terseness and forcefulness
Fransic Bacon
1) I love you not because of who you are, but because of who I am when I am with you. 我爱你，不是因为你是一个怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。 2) No man or woman is worth your tears, and the one who is, won't make you cry. 没有人值得你流泪，值得让你这么做的人不会让你哭泣。 3) The worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can't have them. 失去某人，最糟糕的莫过于，他近在身旁，却犹如远在天边。 4) Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 纵然伤心，也不要愁眉不展，因为你不知是谁会爱上你的笑容。 5) To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world. 对于世界而言，你是一个人；但是对于某个人，你是他的整个世界。
1 The sum of behaviour is to retain a man's own dignity, without intruding upon the liberty of others. ( F. Bacon ) 人的行为准则是，维护自己的尊严，不妨碍他人的自由。 （培根） 2 Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the elder, a part of experience. --Francis Bacon 旅行对青年人而言是一种教育；对老年人来说则是一种经历。 --培根 3 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. —— F. Bacon 一些书可以浅尝辄止；一些书可以狼吞虎咽；而有些书则 需要细嚼慢咽，好好消化。 —— 培根