CATTI二级笔译真题及答案

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笔译考试二级真题及答案

笔译考试二级真题及答案一、英译汉1. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has significantly changed the way we live and work."答案：技术的快速发展显著地改变了我们的生活和工作方式。

2. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese:"In recent years, environmental issues have gained global attention. Governments and individuals are taking steps to reduce pollution and protect the environment."答案：近年来，环境问题引起了全球的关注。

政府和个人正在采取措施减少污染和保护环境。

二、汉译英1. 将以下句子翻译成英文：“随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人开始在线购物。

”答案："With the popularity of the internet, more and more people are starting to shop online."2. 将以下段落翻译成英文：“中国是一个历史悠久的国家，拥有丰富的文化遗产。

这些文化遗迹不仅吸引了国内外游客，也促进了旅游业的发展。

”答案："China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage. These cultural relics not only attract tourists from home and abroad but also promote the development of the tourism industry."三、术语翻译1. 将以下专业术语翻译成英文：“可持续发展”答案：Sustainable Development2. 将以下专业术语翻译成中文：“Artificial Intelligence”答案：人工智能四、段落理解与翻译1. Read the following passage and translate it into Chinese: "The concept of a 'smart city' refers to the integration of various information and communication technologies to manage a city's infrastructure and resources efficiently. This helps to improve the quality of life for its residents."答案："‘智慧城市’的概念指的是将各种信息和通信技术整合起来，高效地管理城市的基础设施和资源。

二级英语笔译考试答案

二级英语笔译考试答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 将下列单词或短语翻译成中文。

（每题2分，共10分）(1) "Inflation" 指的是通货膨胀。

(2) "Biodiversity" 指的是生物多样性。

(3) "Sustainability" 指的是可持续性。

(4) "E-commerce" 指的是电子商务。

(5) "Globalization" 指的是全球化。

2. 完成下列句子，使其语法正确。

（每题2分，共10分）(1) The new policy will come into effect ________ January1st, 2024.The new policy will come into effect on January 1st, 2024.(2) She has been studying English ________ she was a child. She has been studying English since she was a child.(3) ________ the heavy rain, they decided to cancel the outdoor event.Despite the heavy rain, they decided to cancel the outdoor event.(4) The company is expected to ________ a profit of $5 million this year.The company is expected to make a profit of $5 million this year.(5) He is not only a talented musician but also a ________ teacher.He is not only a talented musician but also aninspiring teacher.二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，并回答相关问题。

2006-2013CATTI二级笔译实务真题及答案汉译英

2006-2013CATTI⼆级笔译实务真题及答案汉译英2013年5⽉⼆级笔译真题1. 英译汉第⼀篇：For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island.⼗多年来，考古学家和历史学家⼀直在精⼼研究1998年在印度尼西亚我勿⾥洞岛附近发现的⼀膄19世纪单桅三⾓帆船残骸。

The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.发现这些残骸的深海潜⽔员们根本不会想到这终将成为20世纪末最重要的海洋发现之⼀。

The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works —and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq.由发现的60,000块瓷器碎⽚与⼤量⾦银器可见，这膄三⾓帆船当时运载着沉重的货物。

这⼀发现还证实了海上丝绸之路对古中国唐朝与伊拉克阿巴斯王朝之间的双边贸易往来发挥的重要作⽤。

It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.同时也揭⽰了中国当时已经开始⼤批量⽣产贸易物资，并可订购满⾜西亚消费者需求的产品。

2024英语二级笔译(CATTI 2)实务真题及参考译文

2024年英语二级笔译（CATTI 2）实务真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation【原文】①Mortgage rates dropped again this week, after plunging nearly half a percentage point last week. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6. 58 percent in the week ending November 23, down from 6. 61 percent the week before. A year ago, the 30-year fixed rate was 3. 10 percent. Mortgage rates rose throughout most of 2022, spurred by the Federal Reserve's unprecedented campaign of hiking interest rates in order to tame soaring inflation. But last week, rates tumbled aimed reports that indicated ion may have finally reached its peak.This volatility is making it difficult for potential home buyers to know, when to get into the market, and that is reflected in the latest data which shows existing home sales slowing across all price points. Mortgage rates tend to track the yield on 10-year US Treasury bonds. As investors see or anticipate rate hikes, they make moves which send yields higher and mortgage rates rise. The 10-year Treasury has been hovering in a lower range of 3. 7 percent to 3. 85 percent. That has led to a big reset in investors expectations about future interest rate hikes. Prior to that, the 10-year Treasury had risen above 4. 2 percent. However, the market maybe be a bit too quick to celebrate the improvement in inflation.At the Fed's November meeting, chairman Jerome Powell to the need for ongoing rate hikes to tame inflation. This could mean that mortgage rates may climb again, and that risk goes up if next month's inflation reading comes in on the higher side while it's difficult to time the market in order to get a low mortgage rate, plenty of would be home buyers are seeing a window of opportunity. Following generally higher mortgage rates throughout the course of 2022, the recent swing in buyers favor is welcome and could save the buyer of a median-priced home more than Us s100 per month relative to what they would have paid when rates were above 7 percent justtwo weeks ago.As a result of the drop in mortgage rates, both purchase and refinance applications picked up slightly last week. But refinance activity is still more than 80 percent below last years pace when rates were around 3. However, with week-to-week swings in mortgage rates averaging nearly three times those seen in a typical year and home prices still historically high, many potential shoppers have pulled back. A long-term housing shortage is keeping home prices high, even as the number of homes on the market for sales has increased, and buyers and sellers may find it more challenging align expectations on price.【参考译文】①继上周大幅下降近半个百分点之后，本周抵押贷款利率再度走低。

2022年6月CATTI全国翻译资格考试二级笔译真题及答案

2022年CATTI全国翻译资格考试二级笔译真题及答案World Intellectual Property Day 2019 “Reach for Gold: IP and Sports”The World Intellectual Property Organization is the global forum for intellectual property policy, services, information and cooperation. On the 26th of April every year, we celebrate World Intellectual Property Day to learn about the role that intellectual property (IP) rights play in encouraging innovation and creativity. Each year we choose a theme that illustrates how important intellectual property is to society, the economy and to our everyday lives. The theme of this year s campaign is “Reach for Gold: IP and Sports.” Sports are not necessarily something that you would immediately associate with IP.世界知识产权组织(The World Intellectual Property Organization)是关于知识产权政策、服务、信息与合作的全球论坛。

我们将每年的4月26日设立为世界知识产权日，促使各国了解知识产权(IP)在鼓励创新与创造方面的重要作用。

catti二级笔译考试真题及答案

catti二级笔译考试真题及答案CATTI二级笔译考试真题及答案一、英译汉1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives, from communication to transportation, and has also created new challenges for society.答案：技术的快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化，从通信到交通，同时也为社会创造了新的挑战。

2. In the context of globalization, cultural exchange plays a crucial role in fostering mutual understanding and cooperation among nations.答案：在全球化的背景下，文化交流在促进国家间的相互理解和合作中扮演着至关重要的角色。

二、汉译英1. 随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人开始利用网络资源进行学习和工作。

答案：With the widespread of the Internet, an increasing number of people have begun to utilize online resources for study and work.2. 中国政府一直致力于推动可持续发展，以实现经济、社会和环境的和谐统一。

答案：The Chinese government has been committed to promoting sustainable development to achieve a harmoniousunity of economy, society, and environment.三、篇章翻译1. 英译汉原文：In recent years, there has been a surge in the number of people choosing to study abroad. This trend is driven by a variety of factors, including the desire for a higher quality education, exposure to different cultures, and the opportunity to develop global perspectives.答案：近年来，选择出国留学的人数激增。

2019年CATTI二级笔译综合能力完型填空真题和答案-13页word资料

2019年CATTI二级笔译综合能力完型填空真题和答案-13页word资料2019年CATTI二级笔译综合能力完型填空真题和答案Bargain shoppers need to remember that buying a high-end luxury item on a little-known website is just as risky aspurchasing one on a street corner. The Internet is full of bogus deal sites that sell only counterfeit items.“Any time you have an increase in shopping activity, you are going to have an increase in the predators who preyon shoppers,”If you’re looking for a Rolex watch, Louis Vuitton wallet or a pair of Louboutins, you’re best off patronizing the brand’s store, which often means paying full price for the item.It’s not only counterfeit goods that you need to be on the lookout for when buying gifts. According to the U.S. Secret Service, counterfeit money increasesin circulation during the holiday season as “c ounterfeiters prey on both cashiers distracted by long lines, andconsumers juggling purchases and shopping lists.” ‘Tis the season for giving, whic h means it’s also the perfect time for phony nonprofits to coerce consumers out of their hard-earned cash. To avoid falling prey to their tricks, visit the Wise Giving Alliance website before opening up your wallet this holiday season. The websitelists all the nationally recognizedcharities, while evaluating charitiesfor consumers so they can avoid making any dubious donations.It’s not just your inbox that scammers are flooding, either.A warning issued by the FBI this November reminded consumers to be on the lookout for smishing scams.Beware anydealsadvertised via social media outlets, as scammers are just as savvy at imitating a retailers’ fan page asthey are at mimicking websites. McAfee Labs which specializesin virus protection,cites a NovemberFacebook scam that offered a “free $1,000 Best Buy gift card” to the first 20,000 people who signe d up ona bogus Best Buy fan page. The scam urged consumers to provide personal information as they took a series of quizzes. Malware tweets and posts are even more prevalent than fan page ruses. You might remember this scam, which used the lure of a free iPad to get users to sign up for a premium cell phone service that cost $10 a week via both Facebook andTwitter.2019年5月CATTI二级笔译翻译实务英译中Passage 1Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last — and yield — nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.导致农场破产的原因有很多种，但是少数农场的破产仅仅是由于土地退化的原因所造成的，这算是农业上的奇迹。

二级笔译考试样题答案

二级笔译考试样题答案一、词汇选择（共10分）1. The company has been experiencing a period of rapid growth and expansion, which has led to a significant increase in its ________.A. assetsB. liabilitiesC. equityD. revenue答案：A2. The ________ of the new policy will be discussed at thenext meeting.A. implementationB. executionC. enforcementD. application答案：A3. The ________ of the ancient city has been well preserved, making it a popular tourist destination.A. architectureB. infrastructureC. structureD. construction答案：A4. The ________ of the project was delayed due to bad weather.A. initiationB. commencementC. startD. beginning答案：B5. The ________ of the company's profits has been attributed to the successful marketing campaign.A. increaseB. riseC. growthD. expansion答案：C二、阅读理解（共20分）Passage 1In recent years, there has been a surge in the popularity of eco-friendly products. Consumers are becoming more conscious of the environmental impact of their purchases and are seeking out products that are sustainable and have a lower carbon footprint. This trend has led to an increase in the demand for organic foods, renewable energy sources, and energy-efficient appliances.Questions:6. What has caused the surge in the popularity of eco-friendly products?A. The rise in consumer incomeB. The increase in environmental awarenessC. The decrease in the cost of productionD. The improvement in product quality答案：B7. Which of the following is NOT a result of the trendtowards eco-friendly products?A. Increased demand for organic foodsB. Increased demand for renewable energy sourcesC. Increased demand for energy-efficient appliancesD. Decreased demand for conventional products答案：DPassage 2The digital transformation of businesses has been asignificant driver of economic growth in the past decade. Companies that have embraced digital technologies have seen improvements in efficiency, customer satisfaction, andoverall profitability. However, this transformation also presents challenges, such as data security and the need for continuous innovation to stay competitive.Questions:8. What is a benefit of digital transformation for businesses?A. Improved efficiencyB. Increased costsC. Decreased customer satisfactionD. Reduced profitability答案：A9. What is a challenge faced by businesses during digital transformation?A. Data securityB. Reduced competitionC. Lack of innovationD. Excess capacity答案：A三、翻译（共70分）Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese: 10. The report highlights the importance of earlyintervention in the treatment of mental health issues.答案：报告强调了早期干预在治疗心理健康问题中的重要性。

2022上半年CATTI二级笔译考试练习题及答案

2022上半年CATTI二级笔译考试练习题及答案2022上半年CATTI二级笔译考试练习题及答案中国的政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。

同时，中国的政府考虑到美国政府承认了世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分，中华人民共和国政府是中国的唯一合法政府。

中国的政府在实行和平统一方针的同时始终表明，以任何方式解决了台湾的问题是中国的内政，并无义务承诺放弃使用武力。

The Chinese proclaimed to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China. Meanwhile, the Chinese government took into consideration the fact that the US government acknowledged that there is only one China in the world, Taiwan is one part of China and the Government of People’s Republic of China is the sole legitimate government of China.Adopting the policy of peaceful reunification, the Chinese government always makes it clear that it is China’s internal affair to resolve the Taiwan issue by any means and China is under no obligation to undertake to renounce the use of force.分析：① 中国的政府在宣布宣实行和平统一和平统的方针方时，是基于一个前提基于一个前，即当时的当时台湾当局坚持当局坚世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。

英语笔译二级试题及答案

英语笔译二级试题及答案一、词汇翻译（共10分，每题1分）1. 翻译下列单词或短语：- 创新：innovation- 可持续发展：sustainable development- 人工智能：artificial intelligence- 经济增长：economic growth- 环境保护：environmental protection2. 翻译下列句子中的划线部分：- 他是一个多才多艺的艺术家。

(多才多艺)- 我们正在寻求一个平衡点来解决这个问题。

(寻求)- 这个项目的成功依赖于团队的协作。

(依赖于)- 政府已经采取了一系列措施来提高教育质量。

(采取了一系列措施)- 她对这个问题的看法非常独特。

(看法)二、句子翻译（共20分，每题4分）1. 随着科技的发展，远程工作变得越来越普遍。

With the advancement of technology, remote work is becoming increasingly common.2. 教育对于一个国家的繁荣至关重要。

Education is crucial to the prosperity of a nation.3. 我们应当尊重每个人的文化差异。

We should respect the cultural differences of every individual.4. 这个政策旨在减少贫困并提高人们的生活水平。

This policy aims to reduce poverty and improve thestandard of living.5. 环境污染已经成为全球性的问题。

Environmental pollution has become a global issue.三、段落翻译（共30分，每题10分）1. 翻译下列段落：随着全球化的不断深入，各国之间的经济联系日益紧密。

国际贸易的增加促进了世界经济的增长，同时也带来了一些挑战，如贸易不平衡和市场保护主义。

catti二级笔译考试真题及答案

catti二级笔译考试真题及答案CATTI二级笔译考试真题及答案一、英译汉1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work. With the advent of the internet, communication has become faster and more efficient. People can now collaborate on projects regardless of their geographical location, which was not possible a few decades ago.答案：技术迅速发展已经带来了我们生活和工作方式的重大变化。

随着互联网的出现，沟通变得更加快速和高效。

人们现在可以不受地理位置限制地合作项目，这在几十年前是不可能的。

2. Environmental conservation is a global issue that requires the collective effort of all nations. It is crucial to reduce pollution and protect natural resources for the sake offuture generations.答案：环境保护是一个需要所有国家共同努力的全球性问题。

为了后代的利益，减少污染和保护自然资源至关重要。

二、汉译英1. 中国的传统节日春节，是家人团聚的重要时刻。

在这个节日里，人们会放下工作，回家与家人共度时光，享受美食和亲情的温暖。

答案：The traditional Chinese festival, Spring Festival, isan important time for family reunions. During this festival, people will put down their work and go home to spend time with their families, enjoying delicious food and the warmth of family affection.2. 随着经济的快速发展，城市化进程加快，越来越多的人选择在城市生活和工作。

catti二级笔译综合能力试题精选及答案解析

catti二级笔译综合能力试题精选及答案解析一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题1小题．每题1.0分，共1.0分。

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ________ to the body.A the stress it is greaterB greater is the stressC greater stress isD the greater the stress【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定用法。

the+比较级，the+比较级。

二、Vocabulary Replacement（本大题11小题．每题1.0分，共11.0分。

This part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. You are to select the ONE choice that can replace the underlined word without causing any grammatical error or changing the principal meaning of the sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题The thief was apprehended, but his accomplice had disappeared.A people who saw himB the person who helped himC guns and knivesD stolen goods模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】名词辨析。

CATTI二级笔译综合真题

CATTI二级笔译综合真题n 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (60 points)This n is divided into three parts。

Please read the ns for each part before XXX.Part 1: Vocabulary nThis part contains 20 XXX sentence。

there are four choices marked by letters A。

B。

C。

and D respectively。

Choose the word that best XXX。

There is only one correct answer。

Mark the corresponding letter on your machine-scoring answer sheet.1.From a young age。

children begin a continuous process of XXX in light of the ns and comments of those around them.2.If you're forced outside for hours on end。

especially doing something physical。

consider dumping water over your head or on your neck.3.One reason for the cost of wave power is the need to make the XXX.4.According to the study。

25% of people have missed XXX 20% have lost touch XXX.5.XXX attacked the XXX to the ground.6.These fish release XXX the growth of plankton。

2024年10月CATTI二级笔译真题

2024年10月CATTI全国翻译资格考试二级笔译真题英译汉第一篇Mortgage rates dropped again this week,after plunging nearly half a percentage point last week.The30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged6.58percent in the week ending November22,down from6.61 percent the week before.A year ago,the30-year fixed rate was3.10%.Mortgage rates have risen throughout most of2022,spurred by the Federal Reserve's unprecedented campaign of hiking interest rates in order to tame soaring inflation.But last week,rates tumbled amid reports that indicated inflation may have finally reached its peak.This volatility is making it difficult for potential home buyers to know when to get into the market,and that is reflected in the latest data which shows existing home sales slowing across all price points. Mortgage rates tend to track the yield on10-year US Treasury bonds.As investors see or anticipate rate hikes,they make moves which send yields higher and mortgage rates rise.The10-year Treasury has been hovering in a lower range of3.7% to3.85%since a pair of inflation reports indicating prices rose at a slower pace than expected in October were released almost two weeks ago.That has led to a big reset in investors'expectations about future interest ratehikes,said Danielle Hale,Realtor chief economist.Prior to that,the 10-year Treasury had risen above4.2%.However,the market may be a bit too quick to celebrate the improvement in inflation.At the Fed's November meeting,chairman Jerome Powell pointed to the need for ongoing rate hikes to tame inflation.This could mean that mortgage rates may climb again,and that risk goes up if next month's inflation reading comes in on the higher side. While it's difficult to time the market in order to get a low mortgage rate, plenty of would-be home buyers are seeing a window of opportunity.Following generally higher mortgage rates throughout the course of 2022,the recent swing in buyers'favor is welcome and could save the buyer of a median-priced home more than$100per month relative to what they would have paid when rates were above7%just two weeks ago.As a result of the drop in mortgage rates,both purchase and refinance applications picked up slightly last week.But refinance activity is still more than80%below last year's pace when rates were around3%. However,with week-to-week swings in mortgage rates averaging nearly three times those seen in a typical year and home prices still historically high,many potential shoppers have pulled back.A long-term housing shortage is keeping home prices high,even as the number of homes on the market for sale has increased,and buyers and sellers may find it more challenging to align expectations on price.英译汉第二篇I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.Even if one didn’t know from concrete examples that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred,one could deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.You play to win,and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.On the village green,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved,it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise:but as soon as the question of prestige arises,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,the most savage combative instincts are aroused.Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare.But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators:and,behind the spectators,of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests,and seriously believe–at any rate for short periods–that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.As soon as strong feelings of rivalry are aroused,the notion of playing the game according to the rules always vanishes.People want to see one side on top and the other side humiliated,and they forget that victory gained through cheating or through the intervention of the crowd is meaningless.Even when the spectators don’t intervene physically they try to influence the game by cheering their own side and‘rattling’opposing players with boos and insults.Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play.It is bound up with hatred,jealousy,boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence:in other words it is war minus the shooting.If you wanted to add to the vast fund of ill-will existing in the world at this moment,you could hardly do it better than by a series of football matches between Jews and Arabs,Germans and Czechs,Indians and British,Russians and Poles,and Italians and Jugoslavs,each match to be watched by a mixed audience of100,000spectators.I do not,of course, suggest that sport is one of the main causes of international rivalry; big-scale sport is itself,I think,merely another effect of the causes that have produced nationalism.Still,you do make things worse by sending forth a team of eleven men,labeled as national champions,to do battle。

下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题及部分答案

2021年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题及局部答案下面是二级笔译考题回忆，一起来看看。

英译汉第一篇You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as“transitional objects.〞The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence onparents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment〞object. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects〞Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day.People also like to be near their phones: A 2021 survey cited by the Hungarian team. Nearly as many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phone.Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone〞.来源：英译汉第二篇〔reference 〕Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat gaginst environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world..production .health education in developing countries. But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in it's own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs,habitude and people.Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods.Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay morefor products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.汉译英第一篇〔中国的中医药?白皮书〕人类在漫长开展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明，中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成局部。