选修七Unit2RobotsPeriod3

Period 3Grammar

设计者邵宁宁

Teaching aims

1．Revise the passive voice(including the infinitive) and know the exact meaning of the structure.

2．Be able to use the useful words，expressions and structures correctly.

Teaching procedures

Step 1Revision

Ask students to answer the following questions without referring to the textbook.

1．What was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire?

2．How did Larry Belmont finally persuade his wife to accept the experiment?

3．How did Claire feel when she was offered sympathy by a robot?

4．What did Tony expect to do about the house before he was to leave and Larry was to return?

5．How did Claire feel when she was envied by those women?

6．What happened to Tony at last?

Suggested answers：

1．The robot was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.

2．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.

3．She thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.

4．Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.

5．She felt it a sweet victory to be envied by those women.

6．Tony had to be rebuilt.

Step 2Grammar learning

1．不定式的被动形式

当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承

受者，不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种：一般式和完成式。

(1)一般式：to be done，表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。

It is a great honor_to_be_invited_to speak here.

很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。

The novel is said_to_be_published_next month.

据说这本小说下月要出版。

(2)完成式：to have been done，表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。

The book is said to_have_been_translated_into six languages.

这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。

The boss preferred_to_have_been_given_more work to do.

老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。

被动

一般式to be done

完成式to have been done

2.不定式被动形式的作用

(1)作主语

It's an honor to_be_invited to the ceremony.

很荣幸被邀请赴宴。

It's a pity to_be_kept in the house in such fine weather.

在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。

(2)作表语

The letter is_to_be_sent_by airmail.

这封信笺要空邮。

(3)作宾语

She didn't like to_be_treated as a child.

她不喜欢被当成孩子。

The boy asked to_be_given an opportunity to try again.

那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。

(4)作宾语补足语

I'd like my bedroom to_be_cleaned.

我想整理一下我的卧室。

(5)作定语

He was the last one_to_be_asked to speak at the meeting.

他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。

(6)作状语

His mother l eft the small village，never_to_be_seen again.

他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没有人见过她。

3．不定式有些要注意的地方

(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要

加上to，能这样用的动词或动词词组有：make，have，let，see，hear，notice，listen to，watch 等。如：

We often see him act like that.＝He is often seen to act like that.

我们常常看到他那样做。

(2)在can't help but，have nothing to do but结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：

I can't_help_but suspect his motive.

我不禁怀疑起他的动机。

I have_nothing_to_do_but_watch TV.

我没什么事情可做，除了看电视。

(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义

①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy，difficult，important，impossible等。如：

The work is impossible_to_finish in two days.

工作不可能两天之内完成。

English is not so easy_to_learn.

英语并不好学。

②一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用be to blame；“(东西等)出租”用to let。

He is to blame for what he has done.

他应为他所做的受责备。