句子成分student

语法很无聊我也要帅气拿下之“句子成分”
【基本含义】
一、什么是句子成分？
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。

句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

二、八大成分
（1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。

如：
Students study.
We are friends.
这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。

（2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

谓语根据句子时态和人称的变化而变化。

如：Students study.
We are friends.
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。

（3）宾语：表示动作行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如：
I knock the door.
I play with him.
这两句话中单词door是名词，单词him是代词，它们在句中作宾语。

（4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。

形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。

一般修饰名词或代词。

如：
This is a red sun.
He is a tall boy.
这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。

间接宾语和直接宾语
间接宾语是动作的间接承受着，一般指人；直接宾语是动作的直接承受者，一般指物。

My mother bought me a bike.
买的是自行车，不是我，所以直接宾语是bike.
（５）状语：是用来修饰说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。

常由副词担任。

修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。

如：
The students study hard.
I often write to him.
The bag is too heavy.
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。

（６）表语：用来说明主语的身份，属性或特征。

一般由名词或者形容词担任。

跟在系动词(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem)之后，做系表结构。

This table is long.
He is a doctor.
The desk is made of wood.
（7）补语：补充说明。

（由动词类别来决定）
主语补语Tom was made monitor.
宾语补语I called him Tom.
表语补语I am sure to succeed.
(8)同位语：由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
【练习题】
一、指出下面句子的成分。

1.They are working on the farm now.
2.Seeing is believing.
3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much.
4.She became a doctor in 1998.
5.The book lying on the floor are mine.
6.Suddenly it begins to rain.
7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday.
8.I always find her happy.
9.He wonders If I still study English.
10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine.
二、选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C. go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
三、挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
A B C D
② People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
A B C D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go
swimming, how about you?
A B C D
四、挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
A B C D
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
A B C D
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
A B C D
五、挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D
② What is your given name?
A B C D
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
A B C D
六、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in
the reading-room. A B C D
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
七、挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
A B C D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.
A B C D
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
A B C D
八、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?。