高级英语unit14
高级英语第一册Unit14 Speech on Hitler
Unit14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.RII. About the authorSir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), eldest son of Lord Randolph, a Tory politician, and Jenny Jerome, daughter of a New York businessman.1874: born on Nov. 30 at Blenheim Palace, the home given by Queen Anne to his ancestor, the Duke of Marlborough.1888: went to Harrow and then to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst;1895: visited the Spanish army fighting against Cuban rebels;1897: was with the British army in India;1898: took part in the battle of Omdurman in the Sudan as a war correspondent; 1899: set out fro the Boer War as correspondent to the London Morning Post.1900: entered the House of Commons; critical of the Conservative Government; 1904: joined the Liberals; a member of Lord Asquith’s cabinet by 1908;1911-1915: First Lord of the Admiralty in Oct. in the stated year;1917: Minister of Munitions; then Minister of War;1924-1929: back to the Conservative Party; Chancellor of the Exchequer under Stanley Baldwin1940: became Prime Minister in May;1945: defeated in the election in July;1951: again became Prime Minister;1953: created Knight of the Garter by the Queeen; awarded the Nobel Prize in literature; 1955: resigned office and ended his public career;1965: died on Jan. 24; was given a state funeral.Major works:The World Crisis (6 vols, 1923-1931);An Account of World War I;The Second World War (6 vols, 1948-953);History of the English Speaking Peoples (4 vols, 1956-1958)III. Detailed Study of the Text1. the news was brought to me of Hitler's invasion of Russia.1) The "of" phrase modifies the noun "news". It is an adjective phrase.2) News always has the plural form but takes a singular verb.E.g. The news is bad.2. This changed conviction into certainty:1) In the past it was my belief that Hitler would soon attack the Soviet Union; but now itwas no longer a belief, it had become a fact.2) conviction: a very firm and sincere beliefe.g.: 1. I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just.2. From the way she spoke, you could tell she was speaking from conviction. Note: Conviction generally implies that a prior doubt existed and now has been removed because one has been convinced or assured of the truth.3. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and our policy lay:lie: exist, be found, residee.g.: 1) In unity lay strength.2) We know where our problems lie, and we have begun to solve some of them.3) The bitter experience of the past few years has shown that prosperity lies in unity and cooperation.4) The next step lies with us.5) In battle, the art of command lies in understanding that no two situations are ever the same.4. Nor indeed what to say:Nor did I have indeed the slightest doubt as to what I was (ought) to say.5. There only remained the task of composing it:1) "It" refers to "What I was to say".2) The only task left was to put what I was going to say into shape; to write down whatI was going to say; to work out the statement.6. I asked that notice should be given that I would. . . :1) The "that "clause is an appositive clause.2) give notice: inform (the B. B.C.)7. Presently ...... with detailed news:1) presently: before long, shortly, soon2) hasten: (cause to) move or happen faster, connoting urgency or sometimes asudden and premature resultExamples: 1.The storm's approach hastened our departure.2. The results of the election hastened his decision.8. had surprised a large portion.1) surprise (v): attack suddenly and without warning; come upon suddenly orunexpectedly2) grounded (past participle): lying stationary on the airfields3) When the Germans attacked, they took the Russians by surprise and destroyed a high percentage of Soviet airplanes before they could take off.9. and seemed to be driving forward: and seemed to be advancing rapidly, and theirattack was fierce10. I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes:1) round u: herd together, collect together (people or animals who are scattered; orwho have fled, etc. )2) horde : a large moving crowd or throng3) You can't find the antecedent of "they "in the previous sentence because it is in quotes.”They" means the Red armymen.4) I think the Red armymen will be surrounded and captured in surprisingly largenumbers.11. there was not time to consult the War Cabinet".1) consult: to ask advice of; discuss2) the War Cabinet: On 10 May 1940, Churchill formed a national government(coalition government) with him as the Prime Minister and Attlee from the Labor Party as the Deputy Prime Minister.12. we all felt the same on this issue.1) on the issue of Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union2) we had the same attitude; we shared the same view13. the following account . . . may be of interest.1) account: a descriptive report2) (of) interest: quality of exciting or holding one's attention14. Mr. and Mrs. Winant . . . were stayingMr. and Mrs. Winant . . . were visitors (or guests)15. he thought that Hitler was counting on enlisting . . .1) enlist: win the support of; get the help or services of? obtain (help, sympathy, etc. )1/ Can I enlist your help in collecting money for the people made homeless by the foreign invaders?2/ He tried to enlist their sympathies.2) sympathy: a feeling of approval of or agreement with an idea, a cause, etc.3 ) Right Wing: the more conservative or reactionary section of a political party,group, etc.4) Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia , he would win in Britain and the U. S.the support of those who were enemies of Communism.16. we should go all out to help Russia.go all out to: make one's utmost effort17. the same would be true of the U. S.A.1) true of: true concerning; true as regards2) the United States would do the same; adopt the same attitude; this would also bethe attitude of the U.S.18. he reverted to this theme1) revert: go back to a former subject; talk about again2) "This theme" refers to the subject they. had been talking about during dinner, namely Hitler' s imminent attack and their stand.19. I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing downin the House of Rimmon:1) a metaphor and a biblical allusion (see Note 10 to the text)2) whether he was not renouncing his previous attitude towards communism; whetherhe was not changing his position since he had all along been opposed to communism.20. my life is much simplified thereby: In this way, my life is made much easier; in this way, it will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.Thereby: by that means, as result of that21. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make. . .1) If Hitler should attack Hell, a most hated place, I would still say a word in favor of theDevil, the foe of mankind, in the House of Commons; I would say a word in favor of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past.2) reference: an individual allusion or direction of the attentionExamples:1/ They never made any reference to their need for technology from the oil companies. 2/ In his address to the combined Assembly, Sadat made veiled references to the Soviet Union and said, "The days of dependence are over".22. to the effect: having that result or implication; with . . . general meaning23. except for:1) apart from, e.g. 1/ Except for an old lady, the bus was empty.2/ I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door.3/ He answered all the questions except for the last one.2) but for; if it were not for? Without, e.g. 1/ Except for you, I should be dead by now.2/ She would not leave the place except for the children.24. he devoted the whole day to it; "It" refers to "the speech".25. The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite andracial domination;1) devoid ( of): completely without; destitute or empty of2) theme: a recurring, unifying subject or idea3) appetite: very strong desire; an intense and prolonged desire4) The Nazi state does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. All it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the "Aryan" race, the allegedly most superior race in the world.26. It excels all forms . . .:1) The Nazi regime is very cruel and it invades other countries in a most savage way.It can carry out its cruel invasions so effectively that it beats (surpasses) any action of this kind in human history; the Nazi regime is very effective in cruel suppression of and savage attack on other countries; in this respect it is worse than any other known form of evil.2) excel: to be better than;3) efficiency: The Nazis ran the war like a successful big business; e. g. they kept fullrecords and documentation of all their atrocities. Gas chambers are excellentexamples of efficient and inexpensive mass killing.27. No one has been . . .1) consistent<, /I>: marked by steady continuity throughout; showing no significantchange or contradiction; continually keeping to the same principles2) For the past twenty-five years I have always been the firmest opponent ofcommunism and have never changed my position.3) no ... to be more . . . than: e.g.No American of his time was more national in his interest or universal in his friendship than was Roosevelt.28. I will unsay . . .:1) 1 will not take back a single word of what I have said about communism.2) unsay: take back or retract (what has been said); withdraw or disavow (astatement, a promise)The author makes it very clear here that he remains an anti-communist politician and he feels no twinge of conscience for what he had said about communism. This positive, unyielding statement makes the contrast brought about in the following sentence more striking.29. But all this fades away . . . :1) "All this" refers to communism and his opposition to communism.2) But compared to the painful sight that is now opening out to our view, all the evils of communism and my opposition to communism become insignificant. The evils of communism mean nothing as compared with the crimes committed by Nazi Germany on Soviet soil. So I shall bury past differences.3) unfold: become clear, more fully known4) spectacle: Here it means a deplorable, painful sight.30. The past . . . :1) flash ( away): pass swiftly and suddenly to move quickly out of sight2) Let' s forget the past: the crimes the communist regime committed, the foolishthings it did (e.g., the Non-aggression Pact) and the tragic suffering of its people31. which their fathers . . .:1) Fathers: refers to forefathers, ancestors.2) immemorial: extending back beyond memory; ancient3) on which their ancestors have worked from ancient times for there are times. 32. ah, yes, for there are times: There are times when everyone, without exception, will pray. Even the Russians will pray. Sometimes, at critical moments, everyone—even communists—turn to prayer.32’.Prussian officers: Before German Unification, there were more than 30 states among which Prussia and Austria were the largest. In 1871, the then Chancellor of the North German Confederation, Otto Von Bismarck, brought all these states into unified nation called the “German Empire”. Bismarck became the first Chancellor of the German Empire and held the position until March 20, 1890. He was also remembered in German history as “the iron Chancellor”.33. its crafty expert agents. . .1) fresh: recently returnedtie down:(obsolete) reduce to bondage2) the S. S agents who specialize in genocide and who have just accomplished the task of crushing and enslaving a dozen countries(Hitler assigned a unit of S. S. men to every army unit, with express orders to annihilate a large portion of the population.)34. I see also the dull. . . :l) The German soldiers are stupid, obedient, easy to manage, savage. They move on in massive formation from one place to another, sowing destruction and death, just likea large crowd of moving locusts, eating up everything in the fields.2) Churchill uses an apt simile, comparing the German soldiers to locusts because they have one thing in common--the spreading of destruction.35. still smarting . . .:1) smart:feel pain and resentment2) whipping: (informal) defeat3) The Luftwaffe (the Nazi air force) has suffered severe losses in the aerial Battle of England. Now they feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.36. behind all this glare...1) glare: a rather vague term, referring perhaps to “hostile, fierce looks” or “hatred”2) storm: fighting, war3) launch this cataract of horrors: start this flood of horrors4) Behind all this hostility and fighting I see that small group of wicked men who make the world suffer untold miseries and unparalleled disasters.37. I feel sure …:1) I am sure that our Dominions will agree with us in proper time.2) in due course: at the right time ; due: suitable, fitting, proper38. We are resolved . . . :1) be resolved: be firm and fixed in purpose2) vestige: a trace, mark, or sign of sth that once existed but has passed away ordisappeared39. From this…:1) Inversion: repetition for emphasis2) There is nothing which can divert our attention40. It follows therefore...:follow: happen as a necessary result of, e.g.:1) Disease often follows war.2) Just because he is at the bottom of the class, it doesn't follow that he has no brains; he may just be lazy.3) That conclusion by no means follows.4) If one writes poetry, it naturally follows that he must understand poetry.41. to take the same course…: to adopt the same attitude and policy and keep to it42. without distinction of race, creed, or party: no matter what your nationality is,what religious belief you have or what political party you belong to; paying noattention to any difference in nationality, religious belief, or party affiliation43. It is not for me to speak of the action of the United States: I am not in a position to say what action the United States should take.44. if Hitler imagines ...... woefully mistaken:1) Hitler will realize that he is deplorably wrong in thinking that since he is fightingCommunism, the west will stand by and let him destroy the Soviet Union and will not fight him as hard as they are now doing; Hitler may think that since he is fighting the Soviet Union which the west opposed in the past, the West will not be so determined in fighting and destroying Nazi Germany. If he had that assumption in mind when he attacked the Soviet Union, he will find that he is deplorably wrong and will have to pay for it.2) divergence: the action of going out in different directionsslacken: reduce in activity, force, etc.44. On the contrary . . . from his tyranny:1) fortify: impart vigor or physical strength or endurance to; strengthen mentally ormorally2) No, we will not do that (diverge in our aims or slacken our efforts). Instead, we willfight with greater courage and redouble our efforts in the struggle to end fascism. 45. We shall be strengthened ... in resources:1) resources: (pl.) available money or property; wealth; sth that a country, state, etc.has and can use to its advantage2) We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of ourresources. We shall not relax our efforts; we shall bring our resources into fuller play.46. this is no time . . .:1) What we need now is not tedious explanation of how foolish those countries andgovernments were in letting themselves be overrun by Germany one by one without forming a united front to fight Germany. If they had fought in a unified way, they might have saved themselves and therefore saved the world.2) moralize: (usu, derog. ) express one's thoughts on the wrongness of; indulge inmoral reflection or talk (on a subject)47. When I spoke . . .: When I mentioned Hitler’s insatiable desire for conquest whichhas driven him to attack Russia, I said there was another and more important reason for his adventure.48. He wishes ... of his crimes:1) The main reason is he wants to destroy Russia so that he can crush Britain.2) suffer the penalty of his crimes: be destroyed for the crimes he (Hitler) hascommitted49. His invasion ... of the British Isles; His invasion of Russia will pave the way for hisplanned invasion of the British Isles.50. He hopes . . . winter comes: obviously he hopes that he can bring his Russiancampaign to a successful end before winter sets in.51. he can overwhelm Great Britain . . . : He can crush, conquer Britain before the U.S.can come to her help.52. by which he has so long thrived and prospered: He has so far been verysuccessful in employing this tactic.53. the scene will be clear for the final act . . . :1) The final act refers to the defeat and conquest of all the countries in the WesternHemisphere.2) the scene will be clear . . . : the stage will be ready for the final act3) Then there will be nothing to prevent Hitler from conquering all the countries in theWestern Hemisphere, which he must do if he wants to bring the whole world under his control.54. hearth and home: (poetic) home and its comforts55. in every quarter of the globe: in every part of the world56. Let us learn…:1) "lessons" and "cruel experience": Here it refers to "United we stand, divided we fall. "2) We should bear in mind the fact that Hitler had been successful because manyEuropean governments had allowed themselves to be struck down one by one. This time we should all support the Soviet Union and shouldn't let Hitler repeat his tactics.57. Let us redouble . . remain: Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fightagainst Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.IV. Review of the rhetorical devices used by Churchill in this speech1) Periodic sentencePeriodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense. The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end. E.g.:a) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.b) Any man or state that fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.c) If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia ...... he is woefully mistaken.2) Rhetorical question (or interrogation)Interrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way. e.g. ... but can you doubt what our policy will be?3) Parallel structure: using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clauselevel. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."a) We will never parleyWe will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gangb) we shall fight him by landwe shall fight him by seawe shall fight him in the airc) behind all this glarebehind all this storm I see ......d) I see the Russian soldiers standing . . .I see them guarding . . .I see the ten thousand villagesI see advancing upon . . .I see also the dull ...I see the German bombers . . .I see that small group ...e) that is our policyand that is our declarationf) We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts.We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.g) Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.Let us redouble our exertions . . .4) Inversion: The change of the normal word order, such as the substitution of a V.before its subject. It’s used for emphasis.From this nothing will turn us —nothing.but this I will say5) Repetition: the repeated use of the same synonymous words, to add force, clearnessor balance to a sentence, e.g.:We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.He has so long thrived and prospered.We will never parley, we will never negotiate . . .词汇(V ocabulary)horde ( n.) :a large，moving crowd or throng群，人群croquet ( n.) :an outdoor game-、n which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground槌球游戏(一种用木槌击木球钻小圈的游戏)luncheon ( n.) :a lunch，esp. a formal lunch with others午餐;午宴;午餐(聚)会Nazi (adj. & n.) :designating，of，or characteristic of the German fascist political party(German National Socialist Party).founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945德国国社党的，纳粹党的;纳粹党党员，纳粹分子indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid ( adj.) :completely without; empty or destitute(of)完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of)excel ( v.) :be better or greater than，or superior to(another or others)优于;胜过ferocious ( adj.) :fierce; savage; violently cruel凶猛的，残忍的;凶恶的unsay ( v.) :take back or retract(what has been said)取消(前言);收回(前言)folly ( n.) :foolishness; any foolish action or belief愚笨，愚蠢;愚蠢的行为(或思想等) threshold ( n.) :doorstill; entrance or beginning point of sth.门槛;人口;开端till ( v.) :work(1and)in raising crops，as by plowing，fertilizing, etc.; cultivate耕种;耕耘;耕作immemorial (adj. ) : extending back beyond memory or record; ancient无法追忆的;无文字记载的;古老的wring (v.) :.get or extract by force，threats，persistence，etc.; extort强求;榨取;勒索primodial (adj.) :not derivative; fundamental; original根本的;基本的hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see，hear etc.; very ugly or revolting; dreadful骇人听闻的;非常丑陋的;可怕的onslaught ( n.) :a violent，intense attack猛攻clank ( v. ) : make a sharp，metallic sound发当啷声，发铿锵声dandify ( v.) :make a look like a dandy; dress up使打扮得像花花公子;给……穿上盛装，给……乔装打扮crafty ( adj.) :subtly deceitful; cunning; artful; sly狡猾的，狡诈的，诡计多端的cow ( v.) :make timid and submissive by filling with fear or awe; intimidate恫吓，吓唬，威胁docile ( adj.) :easy to manage or discipline; tractable易管教的;顺从的,温顺的,驯服的;听话的brutish ( adj. ) :of or like a brute; savage; gross野兽般的，残忍的;粗野的plod ( v.) :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously; trudge沉重缓慢地走swarm ( n.) :a moving mass，crowd，or throng(移动的)大群，大堆locust ( n.) :any of various large grasshoppers，often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation in areas visited蝗虫smart ( v.) :feel mental distress or irritation，as in resentment，remorse, etc.感到痛苦;感到伤心prey ( n.) :an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal：a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something被捕食的动物;牺牲者;牺牲品villainous ( adj.) :of，like，or characteristic of a villain; evil; vicious; wicked坏人的;邪恶的;恶棍似的cataract ( n.) :any strong flood or rush of water; deluge洪水;急流;大雨concur ( v.) :agree(with);be in accord(in an opinion，etc.)同意，赞成，与……(意见)一致(常与with，in连用)irrevocable ( adj. ) :that cannot be revoked，recalled，or undone; unalterable不能取消的;不可废止的;不可改变的;无可挽回的vestige ( n.) :a trace，mark，or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared残迹;遗迹;痕迹parley ( v. ) :have a conference or discussion，esp. with an enemy; confer会谈(尤指与敌方谈判) creed ( n.) :a statement of belief，principles，or opinions on any subject信条;信念divergence ( n.) :departure from a particular viewpoint，practice，etc.偏离，背离，背驰moralise ( v.) :think，write，or speak about matters of right and wrong，often in a self-righteous or tedious way(在言谈或写作中)论道德问题;说教catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity，disaster，or misfortune骤然而来的大灾难;灾祸;祸患blood-lust ( n.) :a strong desire to kill or wound杀人欲，嗜杀狂lure ( v.) :attract，tempt，or entice(often with Dm)吸引;诱惑;不断引诱(常与on连用)hurl ( v.) :throw or fling with force or violence猛投，猛掷;猛抛prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event，action，performance，etc.; preliminary part; preface; opening序言;序幕intervene ( v.)come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant; interpose干涉,干预subjugation ( n.) :bringing under control; conquering征服，制服hearth ( n.) :the fireside as the center of family life：family life; home炉边;家庭生活;家庭短语(Expressions)round up: cause sb.or sth.to gather in one place驱集，使集拢例：The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach.导游把游客集合在一起，领他们回到车上。
高级英语第2册unit14LovingandHatingNewYork重点句子
Unit 14Difficult sentences1.Today New York…taste(para2): Today New York is often in disagreement with thetaste of the American people.今日的纽约往往也合不上美国人生活情趣变化的节拍。
2.New York even prides…American trends(para 2):New York even indulges itself ina feeling of satisfaction for it can resist the prevailing trends of America.如今它甚至以成为风行美国的时装潮流的抵制者，以成为摆脱全国清一色的单调局面的一隅逃遁之地而自鸣得意。
3.sitcoms cloned and…airways from California(para 3):situation comedies which aresimilar in content and style are produced in large amounts in Hollywood and the live broadcasting of John Carson’s talk show dominated the radio and TV channels of California(metaphor:sitcom; alliteration: cloned and canned).而好莱坞大量生产出的情景喜剧和约翰尼·卡森节目的实况转播却占满了加利福尼亚的广播电视发送频道。
4.it is making…tourist attraction(para 4): it is regaining somewhat its status asa tourist attraction.但现在它似乎正在一定程度上争回其作为旅游胜地的地位。
高中英语课件 unit 14-section ⅰ
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1．factor n． vt.
2．enthusiasm n. 3．negative adj.
因素；因数；因子 把...因素包括进去 热情；热心；热衷的事物 否定的；消极的；负面的；负的
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1．When choosing a job，what comes the first place? 2．When choosing a job，why should we be careful?
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Section Ⅰ Warm-up & Your Choice—Preparing
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根据提示写出下列单词
1．
vt.
n.
收费，要价 负责
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高级英语unit14
Style●Masterpieces of oration●Highly persuasive and convincing●Eloquent: forceful expressions, structure, words with abstract meaning●Emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passionParallelism:●The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.●Pray…for the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector.●We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in theair.●I see the Russian soldiers standing….I see them guarding….I see the ten thousand villages of Russia….I see advancing upon….I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses….I see the German bombers and fighters….I see that small group of villainous….Function：✧concise in language✧balance in structure✧forceful in tone✧distinguished in significance✧add clarity and coherence to what one wishes to communicate✧（使文章更有说服性）Repetition重复:E.g We have but one aim and one single purpose nothing will turn us---nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate...This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastlyfunction:Emphasize the importance of opinionsFeatures:detailed descriptionconcrete words:“stand”,“threshold”,“till”,“laugh”,“pray”.Alliteration头韵:I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiers…Alliteration phrases;chop and change might and main rack and ruin time and tide hale and hearty mud and mire rhyme or reason weal and woe sink or swim 多变力量毁灭岁月健壮泥沼条理祸福沉浮Function:All of these are written to show us how we can squeeze all we want to do out of day, those twenty-four hours which cannot be stopped, stored or stretched. Simile:...Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.Function: an association between the large quantity, disgusting way of advancing of German soldiers and locusts.Increase the impact of the language.Simile &Metaphor•Rid the earth of his shadow…liberate people from his yoke.•They will be rounded up in hordes.I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...Means of existence is wrung from the soil...Function:•Increase the impact of the language.Onomatopoeia声喻法:I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi warmachine, with its clanking, heel clicking, dandified Prussianofficers,…e.g clanking, heel-clicking,…cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting frommany a British whipping...Antithesis对仗:Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.Periodic Sentence圆周句:If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.function:a sentence has its main idea at the end of the sentence.This brings an effect of tenseness, suspense and dramatic climax.Add variety to an otherwise monotonous sentence structure.Increase the difficulty of understanding.Long sentence:He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies once more by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vein- namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.Function:✧clear and explicit✧with no room for misunderstanding or misinterpretation✧make clear the logical relationship between events or ideas throughsubordination.Short sentences between long onesThis changedconviction into certainty.Function: Short and snappy, Very emphatic and effectiveImperative sentence：E.g let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remains.Function: Face to face with the audience，Stimulate feelings作为一篇公众演讲，文中还使用大量合成词，如indistinguishable, ferocious, threshold, steadfastly 等，使语言更加严肃，更具权威性。
高一新教材Unit14 Integrating Skills
Read and answer the questions
1. Why do people celebrate harvest 2. festivals?
To give thanks for the year that has passed and for the harvest and to welcome the new season. Different festivals have different themes, such as the Onam festival with its flowers and the story about the king and Chu Suk which also celebrates our ancestors.
Harvest Festivals
Onam in India
Chu Suk in Korea
The Mid-Autumn Festival
What is each paragraph about? Para.1 Harvest festivals in Africa Para.2 Harvest festival in India – Onam
• Likely /possible /probable
• 都作 “可能的”解
• 从意义上讲, likely所表达的可能性比 possible强,但比probable弱, 表示某 种行为的发生或状态的出现是预料中的.
• The sky is clear, so it’s not ______ to rain this afternoon.
the weather is like at present, but also what is likely to happen in the next day or two. • 2) It is likely that … • It is likely that he is in trouble now. • It’s quite likely that a decision will be made before the end of the year.
高级英语第一册Unit14_Speech_on_Hitler’s_Invasion_of_the_U.S.S.R.
1895: He was commissioned in the Fourth Hussars. He soon obtained a leave, and worked during the Cuban war as a reporter for the London Daily Graphic.
In March 1939, Britain and France started talks with the Soviet Union on possible cooperation against Fascist Germany. At that time Britain under Chamberlain and France under Daladier were pursuing a policy of appeasement. After three months’ fruitless negotiation, the talks were broken off.
On Sept. 17, Soviet troops also crossed the border and moved into Poland, taking 77,000 sm of territory.
Байду номын сангаас
The Russo-Finnish war began on Nov. 1, 1939 and ended in March 1940.
For ten years during the depression Churchill was denied cabinet office.
WORLD WAR II
World War II broke out in September 1939 when GPoelrBamnrdiatnabyiynmdaaenrcdclahFreridanngicnwetaorrePosopnlaoIbaGnnnudheddt.arebsvmdwelaotennooayodt.tt,.hhtieonigiln, tvtoaesaoirofsnf,eorf Chamberlain invited Churchill to become a member of his war cabinet. He was national commander in chief. He supervised every aspect of the war effort.
高一英语Unit14要点综合
高一英语Unit14要点综合Key points1.listening and speaking1>If you don't know of any festivals,you can ask your teacher for help. know of[用法]明白;了解,明白得(同know about)[举例]There is one or two things I'd like to know about.有一两件事我专门想明白。
ask for[用法]1. 要,要求 2. 找(人)[举例]The miners are asking for another increase in pay.煤矿工人正在要求再次加薪。
There's an old man at the door, asking for you.门口有一位老人找你。
2>When is the festival celebrated?celebrate[用法]vt. 庆祝 vi. 庆祝,过节[举例]We held a party to celebrate our success.我们举行宴会庆祝我们的成功。
Today is his birthday, so we're going to celebrate.今天是他的生日,因此我们要庆祝一下。
[联想]celebration n. 1.庆祝 2.庆祝活动,庆典[C][举例]The party was in celebration of Mother's silver wedding.聚会是为庆祝母亲的银婚。
A Fourth of July celebration includes a display of fireworks.七月四日独立纪念日庆典包括燃放烟火。
3>What are some important themes,for example 'family' and 'peace'?theme[用法]n.[C]1. 论题,话题,题目 2. 主题,主题思想;题材 3. (学生的)作文,文章[举例]The main theme of discussion was press censorship.讨论的主题是新闻审查制度。
自考高级英语下Lesson 14 Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
• Grasp: to take and hold something firmly SYN grip
– I grasped his arm firmly and led him away.
Execute & perform
• Execute: to do something that has been carefully planned SYN implement
Lesson Fourteen
Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
at an elbow
• at an elbow: close to sb. / sth
on its last legs
• on its last legs：old or in bad condition, and likely to stop working soon
– I fell and hit my head.
Grab & grasp
• Grab: to take hold of someone or something with a sudden or violent movement SYN snatch
– I grabbed my bag and ran off.
• be bound to: to be very likely to do or feel a particular thing
– Don’t lie to her. She’s bound to find out.
• sling: to make someone leave or go to a place遣送 • sling somebody into/out of something
高英14课课文内容
1. Argemtia BayGray peace pervaded the wilderness-ringed Argentia Bay in Newfoundland, where the American ships anchored to await the arrival of Winston Churchill. Haze and mist blended all into gray: gray water, gray sky, gray air, gray hills with a tint of green. Sailors and officers went about their chores as usual on these ships, amid pipings and loud-speaker squawks. But a primeval hush lay heavy in Argentia Bay, just outside the range of the normal ships’ noises.At nine o'clock, three gray destroyers steamed into view, ahead of a battleship camouflaged in swirls of color like snakeskin. This was H. M. S. Prince of Wales, bigger than any other ship in sight, bearing the guns that had hit the Bismarck. As it steamed past the Augusta, a brass band on its decks shattered the hush with "The Star-Spangled Banner ” Quiet fell. The band on the quarter -deck of the Augusta struck up "God Save the King. "Pug Henry stood near the President, under the awning rigged at number-one turret, with admirals, generals, and august civilians like Averell Harriman and Sumner WellesChurchill was plain to see not five hundred yards away, ? an odd blue costume, gesturing with a big cigar. The president towered over everybody, stiff on braced legs, in a big brown suit, one hand holding his hat on his heart, the other clutching the arm of his son, an Air Corps Officer who strongly resembled him. Roosevelt's large pink face was self-consciously grave."God Save the King" ended. The President's face relaxed. "Well! I' ve never heard 'My Country' Tis of Thee' played better." The men around him laughed politely at the presidential joke, and Roosevelt laughed too. The squeal of boatswains' pipes broke up the dress parade on the cruiser's deck.2. Harry HopkinsAdmiral King beckoned to Pug. "Take my barge over to the Prince of Wales, and put yourself at Mr. Harry Hopkins's service. The President desires to talk with him before Churchill comes to call, so expedite.""Aye aye, sir."Passing from the Augusta to the Prince of Wales in King'sbarge, over a few hundred yards of still water, Victor Henry went from America to England and from peace to war was a shocking jump. King's spick-and-span flagship belonged to a different world than the storm-whipped British vessel, where the accomodation ladder was salt-crusted，the camouflage paint was peeling, and even the main battery guns looked pitted and rusty. Pug was aghast to see cigarette butts and wastepaper in the scuppers, though droves of blue jackets were doing an animated scrub-down. on the superstructure raw steel patches were welded here there -- sticking plaster for wounds from the Bismarck's salvos."Ah, yes, Captain Henry," said the officer of the deck, smartly returning the salute in the different British palm-out style. "Mr. Hopkins has received the signal and is waiting for you in his cabin. The quartermaster will escort you." Victor Henry followed the quartermaster through passage-ways quite like those in American battleships, yet different in countless details: the signs, the fittings, the fire extinguishers, the shape of the watertight doors."Hello there, Pug," Hopkins spoke as though he hadnot seen the Navy captain for a day or two, though their last counter had been early in March, and meantime Hopkins had travelled to London and Moscow in a blaze of worldwide newspaper attention. "Am I riding over with you?""Yes, sir .""How's the President feeling?" Hopkins had two bags open on his bunk in a small cabin oft the wardroom. In one he carefully placed paper s, folders, and books; in the other he threw clothes, medicine bottles, and shoes as they carne to Hopkins looked thinner than before, a bent figure with a gray double-breasted suit flapping loosely on him."He's having the time of his life, sir.""I can imagine. So's Churchill. Churchill’s like a boy going on his first date. Well, it's quite a historic moment, at that." Hopkins pulled dirty shirts from a drawer crammed them in the suitcase. "Almost forgot these. I left a few in the Kremlin and had to scrounge more in London.""Mr. Hopkins, what about the Russians? Will they hold?"Hopkins paused, a stack of papers in his hand, and pursed his mouth before speaking decisively. "The Russianwill hold. But it'll be a near thing. They'll need help." He resumed his hurried packing. "When you fly from Archangel to Moscow, Pug, it takes hours and hours, over solid green forests and brown swamps. Often you don't see a village from horizon to horizon. Hitler's bitten oft a big bite this time." He was struggling with the clasps on his suitcase, and Pug gave him a hand. "Ah, thanks. What do you sup-pose Stalin wants from us most of all, Pug?""Airplanes," Victor Henry said promptly. "'Clouds of airplanes. ' Same as the French were yelling for last year.""Aluminum," said Harry Hopkins. "Aluminum to build air-planes with. Well, let me correct that -- his number one item wasanti-aircraft guns. Next comes aluminum. Wants a lot of Army trucks, too. Stalin isn't planning to get beaten in three weeks, or six weeks, or three years." Hopkins tidiest the paper s in the smaller case, and closed it. "Let's go As Hopkins shakily stepped aboard King's barge from the accomodation ladder, the stern rose high on a swell then dropped away from under him. He lost his balance and toppled into the arms of the coxswain, who said, "Oops-a-daisy,sir.""Pug, I'll never be a sailor," Hopkins staggered inside, setting with a sigh on the cushions. "I flopped on my face boarding the seaplane that flew me to the Soviet Union. That nearly ended my mission right there." He glanced around at the flawlessly appointed barge. "Well, well. America! Peacetime! So -- you're still in War Plans. You'll attend the staff meetings, then. "."Some of them, yes, sir. ""You might bear in mind what our friends will be after. lt's fairly clear to me, after five days at sea with the Prime Minister." Hopkins held out one wasted hand and ticked off points on skeletal fingers. "First they'll press for an immediate declaration of war on Germany. They know they won't get that. But it softens the ground for the second demand, the real reason Winston Churchill has crossed the ocean. They want a warning by the United States to Japan that any move against the British in Asia means war with us. Their empire is mighty rickety at this point. They such a warning will shore it up. And they'll press for big war supplies to their people in Egypt and the MiddleEast. Because if Hitler pokes down there and closes the canal, the Empire strangles. They'll also try, subtly but hard--and Iwould too, in their place -- for an understanding that in getting American aid they come ahead of Russia. Now is the time to bomb the hell out of Germany from the West, they'll say, and build up for the final assault. Stuff We give Russia, it will be hinted, may be turned around and pointed against us in a few weeks."Victor Henry said, "The President isn't thinking that way.""I hope not. If Hitler wins in Russia, he wins the world. If he loses in Russia he's finished, even if the Japanese, move. The fight over there is of inconceivable magnitude There must be seven million men shooting at each other, Pug. Seven million, or more.” Hopkins spoke the figures slowly, stretching out the wasted fingers of both hands. "The Russians have taken a shellacking so far, but they're unafraid. They want to throw the Germans out. That's the war now. That's where the stuff should go now.""Then this conference is almost pointless," said Pug The barge was slowing and clanging as it drew near the Augusta. "No, it's a triumph," Hopkins said. "The President of the United States and the British Prime Minister are meeting face to face to discuss beating the Germans. That'sachievement enough for now.” Hopkins gave Victor Henry a sad smile, and a brlliant light came into his large eyes. He pulled himself to his feet in the rocking boat. "Also, Pug, this is the changing of the guard."3. Churchill callsWinston Churchill came to the Augusta at eleven o'clock, which saw the dramatic handshake of Roosevelt and Churchill at the gangway. They prolonged the clasp for the photographer s, exchanging smiling words.In an odd way the two leaders diminished each other They were both Number One Men. But that was impossible. who, then, was Number One? Roosevelt stood a full head taller ,but he was pathetically braced on lifeless leg frames, clinging to his son's arm, his full trousers drooped and flapping. Churchill, a bent Pickwick in blue uniform, looked up at him with majestic good humor, much older, more dignified, more assured. Yet there was a trace of deference about the Prime Minister. By a shade of a shade, Roosevelt looked like Number One. Maybe that was what Hopkins had meant by "the changing of the guard. "The picture-taking stopped at an unseen signal, the handshake ended, and a wheelchair appear ed. The erect front page President became the cripple more familiar to Pug, hobbling a step or two and sinking with relief into the Chair. The great men and their military chiefs lett the quarterdeck.The staffs got right to business and conferred all day. Victor Henry worked with the planners, on the level below the chiefs of staff and their deputies where Burne-Wilke operated, and of course far below the summit of the President, the Prime Minister, and their advisers. Familiar problems came up at once: excessive and contradictory requests from the British services, unreal plans, unfilled contacts, jumbled priorities, fouled communications. One cardinal point the planners hammer ed out fast. Building new ships to replace U-boat sinkings came first. No war materiel could be used against Hitler until it had crossed the ocean. This plain truth, so simple once agreed on, ran a red line across every request, every program, every projection. Steel, aluminum, rubber, valves, motors, machine tools copper wire, all the thousand things of war, would go first to ships. This simple yardstick rapidly disclosed the poverty ofthe "arsenal of democracy," and dictated -- as a matter of frightening urgency -- a gigantic job of building new steel mills, and plants to turn the steel into combat machines and tools.Through all the talk of grand hypothetical plans -- hundreds of ships, tens of thousands of airplanes and tanks, millions of men -- one pathetic item kept recurring: an immediate need for a hundred fifty thousand rifles. If Russia collapsed, Hitler might try to wrap up the war with a Crete-like invasion of England from the air. Rifles for defending British airfields were lacking. The stupendous materiel figures for future joint invasions of North Africa or the French coast contrasted sadly with this plea for a hundred fifty thousand r if les now.4. Roosevelt hobbles acrossNext morning, boats from all over the sparkling bay came clustering to the Prince of Wales for church services On the surrounding hills, in sunlight that seemed almost blinding after days of gray mist, the forests of larch and firglowed a rich green.An American destroyer slowly nosed its bridge along-side the battleship, exactly level with the main deck, and a gang-plank was thrown across. Leaning on his son's arm and on a cane, Franklin Roosevelt, in a blue suit and gray hat, lurched out on the gangplank, laboriously hitching one leg forward from the hip, then the other. The bay was calm, but both ships were moving on long swells. With each step, the tall President tottered and swayed. Victor Henry, like all the Americans crowding the destroyer bridge, hardly breathed as Roosevelt painfully hobbled across the narrow unsteady planks. Photographers waiting on the Prince of Wales quarter deck were staring at the President, but Pug observed that not one of them was shooting this crippled walk.His foot touched the deck of the Prince of Wales. Churchill saluted him and offered his hand. The brass band burst forth with "The Star Spangled Banner. " Roosevelt stood at attention, his chest heaving, his face stiff with strain. Then, escorted by Churchill, the President hitched and hobbled all the way across the deck, and sat.The British chaplain, his white and crimson vestmentsflapping in the wind, his thick gray hair blowing wildly, read the closing Royal Navy prayer: "?- Preserve us from the dangers of the sea, and from the violence of the enemy, that we may be a security for such as pass upon the sea upon their lawful occasions"- and that we may return in safety to enjoy the blessings of the land, with the fruits of our labors…and to praise and glorify Thy Holy Name; through Jesus Christ our Lord…" A few British sailors cautiously moved out of ranks. One then another, sneaked cameras from their blouses. When nobody stopped them and the two leaders smiled and waved, a rush began. Cameras appeared by the dozens. The sailors swarmed into a laughing, cheering ring around the two men. Pug Henry, watching this unwonted disorder on a warship with mixed feelings of amusement and outrage, felt a touch on his elbow. It was Lord Burne Willie. "Hello there, my dear fellow. A word with you?"5. A request from the BritishBurne-Wilke's cabin had the dark, warm, comfortablelook of a library den. "I say, Henry, what is your position on shipboard drinking? I have a fair bottle of sherry here.""I'm for it.""Good. You're dry as a bone in your service, aren't you? Yet last night the President server us an excellent wine.""The President is the source of all Navy regulations, sir, and can tailor them to his desires.""Ah? Jolly convenient." Burne-Wilke lit a cigar, and they both sipped wine. "I suppose you know that this ship crossed the ocean without escort," the air commodore resumed. "Our first night out of England, we ran into a whole gale. Our destroyer s couldn't maintain speed, so we zigzagged on alone.""Sir, I was appalled to hear about it.""Really? Rather sporting of the British Prime Minister, don’ t you think, to give the Hun a fair shot at him on the open sea. Three thousand miles without air cover or surface escort, straight through the entire submarine fleet. ""You had your good angels escorting you. That's all I can say.”"Oh, well, at any r ate her e we are. But it might beprudent not to overwork those good angels, what? Don't you agree? On our way back, every U-boat in the Atlantic will certainly be on battle alert. We shall have to run the gamut." Burne-Wilke paused, studying the ash on his cigar. "We're stretched thin for escorts, you know. We've rounded up four destroyers. Admiral Pound would be happier with six."Victor Henry quickly said, "I'll talk to Admiral King.”"You understand that this cannot be a request from us. The Prime Minister would be downright annoyed. He's hoping we'll meet the Tirpitz and get into a running gun fight.""Let me star t on this now, sir ." Pug drank up his sherry, and rose to his feet."Oh? Would you?" Burne-Wilke opened the cabin door. "Thanks awfully."On the after deck, the photographing was still going on. Officers with cameras were now shouldering sailors aside, as the two politicians cheerfully chatted. Behind them stood their glum chiefs of staff and civilian advisers. Hopkins, squinting out at the sunny water, wore a pained expression. The military men were talking together, except for Admiral King, who stood woodenly apart. Pug walked up to him,saluted, and in the fewest possible words recount-ed his talk with Burne-Wilke. The lines along King's lean Jaws deepened. He nodded twice and strolled away, without a word. He did not go anywhere. It was just a gesture of dismissal, and a convincing one.Amid much wining and dining, the conference went on for two more days. One night Churchill took the floor in the Augusta wardroom after dinner, and delivered a rolling, rich word picture of how the war would go. Blockade, ever growing air bombardment, and subversion would in time weaken the grip of Nazi claws on Europe. Russia and England would "close a ring" and slowly, inexorably tighten it, If the United States became a full-fledged ally, it would all go much faster, of course. No big invasion or long land campaign would be needed in the West. Landing of a few armored columns in the occupied countries would bring mass uprisings. Hitler's black empire would suddenly collapse in rubble, blood, and flame. Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention, saying nothing, and applauding heartily with the rest.On the last day of the conference, just before lunch, Admiral King sent for Pug. He found the admiral inunder-shirt and trousers in his cabin, drying face and ears with a towel. "Task Unit 26 point 3 point 1, consisting of two destroyers, the Mayrant and the Rhind, has bee formed," King said without a greeting. "It will escort the Prince of Wales to Iceland. You will embark in the Prince of Wales as liaison officer, disembark in Iceland, and return with our task unit.""Aye aye, sir.""You'll have no written orders. In confidence, we'll soon be convoying all ships to Iceland. Maybe by next week. Hell, our own marines are occupying the place now. The President's even sending a young officer along as a naval aide to Churchill while he tours our Iceland base. Ensign Franklin D. Roosevelt, Junior."King spoke the name with an expressionless face."Yes, sir .""Now, Henry, how are you at languages?""It's long time since I tried a new one, Admiral.""Well, a military supply mission will go to the Soviet Union in September. If Russia's still in the war by then, that is, Mr. Hopkins has brought up your name. He appears impressed, and the President too, by your expertise onlanding craft and so forth. Now your service record has been checked, and it seems you clai m a 'poor to fair ’ knowledge of Russian. Hey? How is that? That's very unusual.""Admiral, I put that down when I enter ed the Academy in 1911. It was true then. I don't remember ten words now." Henry explained the circumstances that had given him : Russian-speaking chums in his Sonoma County boyhood."I see. Well, it's there on the record. Upon returning from Iceland you will be detached from War Plans to pre-pare yourself, with an intensive refresher course in Russian, for a possible trip to the Soviet Union on special detached duty. You'll have interpreters. But with even a smattering, your intelligence value will be greater.""Aye, aye, sir ."King put on his uniform jacket, stared at Victor Henry, and for the first time that Henry could recall, favored him With a smile."Have you heard that extension of the draft passed the House of Representatives an hour ago?""It did? Thank God.""By one vote.""What! One vote, sir?""One vote.""Whew! That's not going to encourage the British, Admiral.""No, nor the President, but it's how the American people feel right now. It may be suicidal, but there it is. Our job is to keep going anyway."6. U-boat sightingsTo brass band anthems and booming gun salutes, in a brisk breeze smelling of green hills and gunpowder, the Prince of Wales left Argentia Bay. The great conference was over.In the wardroom of the Prince of Wales, Victor Henry could sense the subtle gloom hanging over the ship. What the conference had accomplished to increase help for Eng-land remained undisclosed; and in itself this clearly struck the battleship's officers as a bad sign. These men, veterans of two combat year s, of air attacks and gun fights, had a subdued dismal air, despite the grandeur of their ship andthe stuffy luxury of their wardroom . The predicament of England seemed soaked in their bones. They could not Believe that Winston Churchill had risked the best ship in their strained navy, and his own life, only to return empty-handed. That wasn't Winnie's style. But vague hope, rather than real confidence, was the note in their conversationMajor-General Tillet came up to Victor Henry after dinner that evening, and laid a lean hand on his shoulder."Like to have a look at the submarine sightings chart, Henry? The prime Minister thought you might."Red secrecy warnings blazed on the steel door that Tillet opened. Dressed in a one-piece garment like a mechanic's coveralls, stooped and heavy-eyed, Churchill pondered a map of the Russian front all across one bulkhead. Opposite hung a chart of the Atlantic. Young officers worked over dispatches at a table in the middle of theroom, in air thick with tobacco smoke."There," said the Prime Minister to Tillet and Pug Henry, gesturing at the map of the Soviet Union with his cigar." There is an awful unfolding picture."The crimson line of the front east of Smolensk showedtwo fresh bulges toward Moscow. Churchill coughed, and glanced at Henry. "Your President warned Stalin. I warned him even more explicitly, basing myself on very exact intelligence. Surely no government ever had less excuse to be surprised." The Prime Minister turned and walked to the other bulkhead, with a tottering step. At Argentia,.Churchill had appeared strong, rubby, springy, and altogether ten year s younger. Now his cheeks were ashy, with red patches."Hello. Don't we have a development here?"Little black coffin-shaped markers dotted the wide blue spaces, and an officer was putting up several more, in a cluster close to the battleship's projected course. Far ther son stood large clusters of r ed pins, with a few blue pins. "This new U-boat group was sighted by an American patrol plane at twilight, sir, "said the officer."Ah, yes. So Admiral Pound advised me. I suppose we are evading?""We have altered course to north, sir.""Convoy H-67 is almost home, I see.""We will be pulling those pins tonight, Mr. Prime Minister.""That will be happy news." Churchill harshly coughed,puffing at his cigar, and said to Pug Henry, "Well. We may have some sport for you yet. It won't be as lively as a bomber r ice over Berlin. Eh? Did you enjoy that, Captain?""It was a rare privilege, Mr. Prime Minister.""Any time. Any time at all.""Too much honor, sir. Once was plenty."Churchill uttered a hoarse chuckle. "I daresay. What is the film tonight, General Tillet?""Prime Minister, I believe it is Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, in Saps at Sea.""Saps at sea, eh? Not inappropriate! The Surgeon-General has ordered me to remain in bed. He has also ordered me not to smoke. I shall attend Saps at Sea, and bring my cigars. "Pug Henry's enjoyment of Saps at Sea was shadowed by an awareness that at any moment the battleship might re into a U-boat pack. Greman skippers were adept at sneaking past destroyer screens. But the film spun to the end uninterrupted. "A gay but inconsequent entertainment, " the Prime Minister remarked in a heavy, rheumy voice, as he plodded out.7. "We'll have to pay the price"Clement Attlee's broadcast the next day packed the wardroom. Every officer not on watch, and all staff officers and war planners, gathered in the wardroom around one singularly ancient, crack-voiced radio. The battleship, plowing through a wild storm, rolled and pitched with slow long groans. For the American guest, it was a bad half hour. He saw perplexed looks, lengthening faces, and head-shakes, as Attlee read oft the "Atlantic Charter." The high-flown language bespoke not a shred of increased American commitment. Abuse of Nazi tyranny, praise of "four freedoms, "dedication to a future of world peace and brotherhood, yes; more combat help for the British, flat zero. Some sentences about free trade and independence for all peoples meant the end of the British Empire, if they meant anything.Franklin Roosevelt was indeed a tough customer, thought Captain Henry, not especially surprised."Umph!" grunted Major-General Tillet in the silence after the radio was shut off. "I'd venture there was more toit than that. How about it, Henry?"All eyes turned on the American.Pug saw no virtue in equivocating. "No, sir, I'd guess that was it.""Your President has now pledged in a joint communique to destroy Nazi tyranny," Tillet said. "Doesn't that mean You'er coming in, one way or another?""It means Lend-Lease,” Pug said.Questions shot at him from all sides."You're not going to stand with us against Japan?""Not now.""But isn't the Pacific your fight, pure and simple?""The President won't give a war warning to Japan. He can't, without Congress behind him.""What's the matter with your Congress?""That's a good question, but day before yesterday it came within one vote of practically dissolving the United States Army.""Don't the congressmen know what’ s happening in the world?""They vote their political hunches to protect their political hides. ""Then what's the matter with your people?""Our people are about where yours were at the time of the Munich pact. "That caused a silence.Tillet said, "We're paying the price.""We' ll have to pay the price. ""We had Chamberlain then for a leader, sir," said a fresh-faced lieutenant."You have Roosevelt.""The American people don't want to fight Hitler, gentlemen, ” said Pug. "It's that simple, and Roosevelt can't help that. They don't want to fight anybody. Life is pleasant. The war's a ball I game they can watch. You're the home team, because you talk our language. Hence Lend-Lease, and this Atlantic Charter. Lend-Lease is no sweat,it just means more jobs and mon ey for everybody.”An unusually steep roll brought a crash of crockery in the galley. The crossfire stopped. Victor Henry went to his cabin. Before disembarking in Iceland, he did not talk much more to the British officers.(from The Winds of War, 1971) NOTES1) Herman Wouk ( 1915- ): American novelist. After graduation from Columbia University, he became a radio scriptwriter. During World War II he served in the United States Navy and began his first novel during off-duty hours at sea. His novels include The Caine Mutiny (1951), a Pulitzer Prize novel of events aboard a naval vessel, The Winds of War (1971) and War and Remembrance (1977).2) Argentia Bay: better known as Placentia Bay, wide inlet of Atlantic Ocean, SE Newfoundland, Canada. Here on the British battleship Prince of Wales the Atlantic Charter was signed on Aug. 14, 1941 by President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.3) Newfoundland: island in Atlantic Ocean, off east coast of Canada, be-came (with Labrador on the mainland) a province of Canada in 1949.4) H. M. S.: His (Her) Majesty's Service, Ship, or Steamer5) Prince of Wales: sunk by the Japanese in the South China Sea in December 19416) Bismarck: German battleship of 45 000 tons, completed early in 1940, for operations against British convoys in the North Atlantic. In an en-counter with the British fleet on 24 May, 1940, it sank the British cruiser Hood and damaged the。
高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙14单元课后题及答案
LessonOneAnditisanactivityonlyofhumans.Andconversationisanactivityfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideasorpointsofviews.Infact,thebestconversationalistsarethosewhoarepreparedtolose.Infact,peoplewhoaregoodatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthisideas.4. Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother ’slives.Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinthebarofapubarenotclosefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedineachother ’sprivat elives.5. ....itcouldstillgoignorantlyon...Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong.Therearecattleinthefields,butwesitdowntobeef.Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinthefields,butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat,wecalltheirmeetbeef.7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrenchagainsthisownl anguage.ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeithardfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbt hecultureoftherulers.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown. EnglishreceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKingoncemore. Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejorativelyandevenfacetiouslybythelowerclasses.Theph rase,theKing’sEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyandjokinglybythelowerclasses.(Theworkingpeopleoftenmocktheproperandformallanguageoftheeduca tedpeople.)1 0.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.Asthe earlySaxonpeasants,theworkingpeoplestillhaveaspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass .1 1.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthat“wordswillhardenintothingsforus.“Thereisalwaysagreatdanger,asCarlyleputit,thatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent. Translationa. Howeverintricate thewaysinwhichanimals communicatewith eachother, theydonotindulgeinanythingthatdeservesthenameofconversation.不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。
张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（修订本）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-Unit14
张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（修订本）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】-Unit14Unit 14 Argentia Bay⼀、词汇短语1. pervade [] vt. to be present throughout; permeate蔓延，遍及，弥漫：The air is pervaded by a smoking.空⽓中弥散着⼀种烟味。
2. haze [] n. light thin mist or smoke薄雾，尘雾：I couldn’t see her throughthe haze of smoke.在烟雾弥漫中，我看不见她。
3. tint[]n. a slight coloration; a tinge浅⾊：The painting glowed withbeautiful autumn tints.这幅油画映现出美丽的淡淡的秋⾊。
4. chore [] n. a routine or minor duty⽇常⼯作：As a child one of my choreswas to feed the animals.⼩时候我的杂活之⼀就是喂动物。
5. squawk [] n. a loud screech粗厉的叫声6. camouflage [] v. a). to conceal by the use of disguise or byprotective coloring or garments that blend in with the surroundingenvironment伪装，掩饰：camouflage ships by painting them gray将船涂上灰⾊以便伪装；b). to use protective coloring or garments forconcealment伪装，隐藏：We camouflaged in the bushes and no onesaw us.我们隐藏在灌⽊丛中没有被⼈发现。
高级英语 第十四课
Lesson 14 Loving and Hating New YorkⅠ.1. Olmsted : Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. ( 1870 -- 1975 ), American landscape architect. A Harvard graduate (1894),he studied under his father, Fredcrick Law Olmsted, and began practice as landscape architect in 1895. He was landscape architect for the Metropolitan Park System of Boston, 1898--1920; Baltimore Park and Park Commission, 1902--1917; member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1929, and again from 1945. He acted in consulting capacity for and designed portions of the parks or other public improvements of many towns and cities and numerous instiutions, land subdivisions, and private properties. Among his designs in Washington D.C. were those for Rock Creek and Ana-costia Parks, the Mall, and the White House grounds. He wrote numerous articles and reports on professional subjects.2. Bach. John Sebastian Bach (1685--1750),German composer and organist, one of the greatest and most influential composers of the Western World. He brought poly- phonic baroque music to its culmination, creating masterful and vigorous works in almost every musical form known in his period. Born into a gifted family, Bach was devoted to music from childhood; he was taught by his father and later by his brother Johann cristoph. His education was acquired largely through independent studies.Since few of Bach's many works were published in his lifetime, exact dates cannot be fixed for all of them, but most can be placed with some certainty in the periods of his life. At Arnstadt and Miihlhausen he began a series of organ compositions that culminated in the great works of the Weimar period; the Passacaglia and Fugue in C Mi-nor. At Cothen he concentrated on instrumental compositions, especially keyboard works: the Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue; the English Suites; and Book I of the celebrated 7"he Well-Tempered-Clavier. He also wrote several un- accompainied violin Sonatas and cellosuites, and the Brandenburg Concertos, recognised as the best concertigrossiever composed. As musical director of St Thomas atLeipzig, he composed many of his superb religious compositions, the Christmas Oratorio, the St. ]~lat hew Passion, etc. The principal keyboard works of this period were Book Ⅱof The Well-Tempered Clavier and the four books of clavier pieces in the Clavier Cibung, which includes: six partitas (1726--1731)~ the Italian Concerto and the Partita in B minor (1735)~ and the Goldberg Variations.The bulk of his work is religious. In addition, he composed an astonising number of instrumental works, many of them designed for the instruction of his numerous pupils. In his instrumental and choral works he perfected the art of polyphony, displaying an unmatched combination of inventiveness and control in his great, striding fugues. During his lifetime, Bach was better known as an organist than as a composer. For decades after his death his works were neglected, but in the 19th century his genius came to be recognized, particularly by romantic composers such as Mendelssohn and Schumann. Since that time his reputation has grown steadily.Ⅱ.1. N0, his hometown is Seattle, a seaport in west central Washington State on Puget Sound. See paragragh 4.2. These signs show that New York is no longer the leading city in the United States.3. New York no longer begets the styles and sets the trends.It is no longer a paeesetter.4. Other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally. The center of music and sports have also shifted to other cities. As a tourist attraction it is inferior to New Orlcans, San Francisco, Washington or Disneyland. Finally, there are many beter cities to live in than New York.5. The Europeans call New York their favorite city because they like its cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving European standards and its alien mixtures. Perhaps some of these are reassured by the international names of jewelers, shoe stores and designer shops. But what most excites Europeans is the city's charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism.6. Tim writer went to New York because he likes to live there and he could practice the kind of journalism he wanted in that city.7. The young people go to New York to test themselves and to avoid giving in to the most banal and marketable of their talents. In New York they also find the company of many other young people similarly fleeing from the constricting atmosphere of smaller cities.8. New York is still the banking and communications head- quarters for America. The networks' news centres, the largest book publishers, the biggest magazines, the ad agencies are all here, appraising and ratifying the films, the plays, the music, the books that others have created.9. Newcomers can find or form their little groups and, though these groups lie close to each other, there is no contact or intercourse between groups. This gives the city its sense of freedom.10. Despite all the faults of the city, a New Yorker still prefers to live in New York because he prefers the unhealthy hassle and vitany of urban life. What he finds attractive about New York is its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness the rigor of its judgements; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds.11. It is in fact the first truly international metropolits because here one findsa much wider mixture of nationalities Asians, Africans, Latins and all varieties of Europeans.Ⅲ.1.This article is a piece of expository writing. The main theme or thesis is stated by the title "Loving and Hating New York", or more specifically, by the first sent ence of the last paragraph: “Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day. "2. Griffith develops his main thesis by both objective and emotional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers. It is very effective. (See the answer to 4.)3. This article is full of American English terms, phrases and constructions. Such as T-shirt, hassle, plush, holdout, comeback, putdown, measure up, expense-account, etc.4. The writer states that he both loves and hates New York, but the reader fails to see where or why he hates New York. It is clear that Griffith loves New York and feels exhilarated living there. He may sometimes feel exasperated but this feeling is never strong enough to turn to hate. The writer shows his love for New York with the words such as energy, contention striving, etc.5. The first five paragraphs act as a general introduction, set- ting forth the present status of New York city in the Unit- ed States and in the eyes of foreigners. The last sentence of paragraph 5 also acts as a transition to the "actual de- scriptions of New York city itself: "the charged, nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism" of the last line of paragraph 5 leads to the "energy, contention, and striving" in the first line of paragraph6.6. The topic sentence of paragraph 8 is the first sentence. "Nature~ s pleasures are much qualified in New York. " The writer uses many examples to develop this paragraph and to back up the statement made in the topic sentence.7. In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for, and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable. 8. Free. Student’s choice.Ⅳ.1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radioand TV programs for California.4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7. At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9. In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced byextravagant promotional advertising.11. Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12. Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13. (If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can't see them.15. New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.Ⅴ. See the translation of the text.Ⅵ.1. holdout: (Americanism) a place that holds out; hold out= continue resistance; stand firm; not yield2. live: transmitted during the actual performance3. charged : tense ; intense4. put-down: (American slang) a belittling remark or crushing retort5. foothold: a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged6. measure up: (Americanism) prove to be competent or qualified7. jingle: a verse that jingles; jingling arrangement of words or syllables8. expense-account. (Americanism) an arrangement whereby certain expenses of an employee in connection with his work are paid for by his employer9. illustration= a picture, design, diagram, etc. used to decorate or explain something10. commercial: (radio and TV) a paid advertisement11. distancing: be reserved or cool toward; treat aloofly12. democratic: treating persons of all classes in the same way; not snobbish 13, jealous : very watchful or careful in guarding or keeping14. high-rise: (Americanism) designating or of a tall apartment house, office buil ding, etc., of many stories /(noun) a high-rise building15. mean: poor in appearance; shabby.Ⅶ.1. skyline: noun+ noun=noun Examples: bookcase; teacup; skyrocket; sealskin; sea port ; pigsty2. pacesetter : noun + verb + er = noun Examples : shareholder ; leaseholder ; pathfinder ; painstaker ;watchmaker3. trash-strewn : noun + past participle = adjective Examples: homespun; bloodstained; landlocked; henpecked ; homemade4. international: a combining form+ adjective=adjective Examples: interAmerican; interchangeable; interdepartmental ; interplanetary ; intersectional5. anti-septically : prefix 4-adverb = adverb Examples : preemptively; preeminently; predominantly; prefiguratively ; prehistorically6. juxtaposition: a combining form+ noun=noun Examples: photochemistry; photocopy; phonograph; telephone ; television7. NBC: composed of initials N+B+C from National Broadcasting Company Examples: BBC -- British Broadcasting Corporation; NCO -- noncommissioned officer; UN -- United Nations; MIA -- missing in action; PFLI -- Peking Foreign Languages Institute8. Wasp: an acronym from white Anglo-Saxon protestant Examples: Awacs -- airborne warning and control system (a sophisticated surveillance plane); UFO -- unidentified flying object; Nato -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Asean -- Association of South-east Asian Nations; Anzac -- (a soldier in the) Australian and New Zealand Army Corps9．ad：a shortening of “advertisement” Examples：auto(automobile)；kilo(kilogram)；exam(examination)；gent(gentleman)；pram(perambulator) 1 0．Cabana：a loan word from Spanish Examples：blitz (German)；judo (Japanese)；discontheque (French)；kolkhoz (Russian)；solo (Italian) 11．sitcom：a blend word from “sit(uation)+corn(edy)” Examples：smog—sm(oke)+(f)og；smaze—sm (oke)+(h)aze；brunch—br(eakfast)+(1)unch；moped…mo(tor)+ped(a1)；motel-mo(tor)+ (ho)tel12．Buick：a trade name for a car Examples：Omega(a watch)；Kodak(a camera)：Boeing(an airplane)；Fiat(a car)；Biro(a ball point pen)Ⅷ.1.assert指带着极大的信心，但却没有经客观证实的一种明确的陈述。
新课标 人教高一英语Unit14 Rading
in America
Where?
It was born ___________ . It is celebrated from __________ to __________ .
in 1966
December 26
January 1
When?
Why were the dates chosen? People can enjoy the spirit of the holidays without all the commercial activities of Christmas.
√
√
3. In African first-fruit festivals, people used to do the following except _____ A. give thanks B. harvest their crops C. try to be with their family D. celebrate their history and culture. 4. According to the seven principles mention-ed in the text, people should not _______. A. be independent B. respect their ancestors C. change any of the old traditions D. help to develop their own industry
√
√
5. Why did people choose to celebrate Kwanzaa between Christmas and New Year’s Day? A. It’s just a coincidence (巧合) B. Because they didn’t celebrate Christmas. C. Because people wanted to make it free from business. D. Because they wanted to combine the three holidays into a longer festival
高级英语lesson 14
lesson fourteenSaturday Night and Sunday Morning星期六的晚上和星期日上午by Alan Sillitoe Text14-1 He sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow(赤楊樹) where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind.在春天一个星期日的上午，他坐在运河边钓鱼，在他附近，赤杨树被后面生长着年轻茁壮的橡树向前推挤垂人水中，像垂死的老人一样。
He straightened his back, his fingers freeing nylon line from a speedily revolving reel.他直起腰身，用手指快速地从绕线轮上放出尼龙线。
Around him lay knapsack and jacket, an empty catch-net, his bicycle, and two tins of worms dug from the plot of garden at home before setting out.他周围放着背包、夹克、一个空捕鱼网、他的自行车和出发前在家里花园里挖出的两听虫子。
Sun was breaking through clouds, releasing a smell of earth to heaven.太阳钻出了云层，向空气中散发出泥土的气息。
Birds sang. A soundless and minuscular explosion of water caught his eye.鸟儿在欢唱。
他看到水面忽然间冒出一个无声的小小的水花，He moved nearer the edge, stood up, and with a vigorous sweep of his arm, cast out the line.他走到水边，站起身，用力挥动手臂，将钓鱼线抛了出去。
人教高二英语Unit14 Martin Luther King
What did Martin Luther King. Jr do
Sum-up :
Biography
/ A time-clue
Retelling : Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks
Martin Luther King, Jr was born in 1929.When he was 15,he went to __________.In 1955,he organized his first action—a _________of the bus company,and this case gave him __________ ___________.He led many _____________ _____________ against ________ _____________.In 1963,he gave his famous speech “I Have a Dream” during the March on Washington DC,which __________ the people of all ________ to __________ ___________ __________.The following year,he received the Nobel Prize for _________.Martin Luther King was __________ in 1968.
Describe what you see.
It would be ridiculous.
People would be angry.
We can see a black man who shows his passport.
Unit14Lesson4课文知识点(高二英语上)
Unit14Lesson4课文知识点1.advanced adj.高级的；先进的advanced English高级英语2.keep up with跟上catch up with赶上come up with想出；提出put up with容忍‘忍受3.on(the)one hand—on the other hand一方面-----另一方面4.Without doubt，the number of jobs in information technology will multiply. Without doubt相当于undoubtedly毫无疑问There is no doubt that the number of jobs in information technology will multiply.5.in great demand大量需求There are also many other important changes taking place此句型是There be+n.+doing，其中take place”发生“无被动语态，所以要用taking.表示“发生”近义词：happen;occur;come aboutflexible adj.灵活的----flexibly adv.灵活地———n.flexibility灵活性a variety of=varieties of各种各样的（用于修饰可数名词的复数形式）vary v.变化——n.variety-多样性；种类----various adj.各种各样的rather than+n./doing而不是，相当于instead ofI think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.Why didn’t you ask for help,rather than trying to do it on your own?mean doing sth.意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算做某事means“方式’方法”，单复数同形。
高级英语第十四课
Revere life and Remember history
Life should be equal and respected. Life is also precious, we should cherish it. What we can do is to remember history, because a hopeful nation should not forget its heroes and a great nation must remember history. Only by remembering the past aggression and suffering of our country can we learn from history, revere life, cherish peace, truly shoulder the mission and responsibility entrusted by the times, and jointly create a better future.
Lesson 14
CONTENTS
目
录
01
World War II: revere life and remember history
02 Peace in our world
World War II:
01 Revere life and Remember
history
Revere life and Remember history
All kinds of factors interact and intensify each other, making the Palestinian-Israeli conflict of extraordinary complexity.
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Style●Masterpieces of oration●Highly persuasive and convincing●Eloquent: forceful expressions, structure, words with abstract meaning●Emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passionParallelism:●The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.●Pray…for the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector.●We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in theair.●I see the Russian soldiers standing….I see them guarding….I see the ten thousand villages of Russia….I see advancing upon….I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses….I see the German bombers and fighters….I see that small group of villainous….Function：✧concise in language✧balance in structure✧forceful in tone✧distinguished in significance✧add clarity and coherence to what one wishes to communicate✧（使文章更有说服性）Repetition重复:E.g We have but one aim and one single purpose nothing will turn us---nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate...This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastlyfunction:Emphasize the importance of opinionsFeatures:detailed descriptionconcrete words:“stand”,“threshold”,“till”,“laugh”,“pray”.Alliteration头韵:I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiers…Alliteration phrases;chop and change might and main rack and ruin time and tide hale and hearty mud and mire rhyme or reason weal and woe sink or swim 多变力量毁灭岁月健壮泥沼条理祸福沉浮Function:All of these are written to show us how we can squeeze all we want to do out of day, those twenty-four hours which cannot be stopped, stored or stretched. Simile:...Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.Function: an association between the large quantity, disgusting way of advancing of German soldiers and locusts.Increase the impact of the language.Simile &Metaphor•Rid the earth of his shadow…liberate people from his yoke.•They will be rounded up in hordes.I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...Means of existence is wrung from the soil...Function:•Increase the impact of the language.Onomatopoeia声喻法:I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi warmachine, with its clanking, heel clicking, dandified Prussianofficers,…e.g clanking, heel-clicking,…cowing and tying ...plodding on like crawling locusts, ...smarting frommany a British whipping...Antithesis对仗:Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.Periodic Sentence圆周句:If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.function:a sentence has its main idea at the end of the sentence.This brings an effect of tenseness, suspense and dramatic climax.Add variety to an otherwise monotonous sentence structure.Increase the difficulty of understanding.Long sentence:He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies once more by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vein- namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.Function:✧clear and explicit✧with no room for misunderstanding or misinterpretation✧make clear the logical relationship between events or ideas throughsubordination.Short sentences between long onesThis changedconviction into certainty.Function: Short and snappy, Very emphatic and effectiveImperative sentence：E.g let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remains.Function: Face to face with the audience，Stimulate feelings作为一篇公众演讲，文中还使用大量合成词，如indistinguishable, ferocious, threshold, steadfastly 等，使语言更加严肃，更具权威性。
广泛使用人称代词，特别是第一人称复数“我们”，拉近了与听众的距离。
这篇演讲极具说服力，意味深长，感情充沛，令人信服，直到现在仍被认为是演讲史上的名篇。
This speech is very persuasive and convincing.。