使用裸设备配置Oracle ASM实例一例

使用裸设备配置Oracle ASM实例一例
1.查看当前磁盘
[root@std u01]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1469837736653+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 46995220419296582 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk /dev/sde: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
从上面的输出可以看出我们有四快盘且都没有分区：
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd
/dev/sde
2.对磁盘进行分区
[root@std u01]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-261, default1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default261): Using default value 261
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
对其他磁盘执行同样的分区操作！
[root@std u01]# ll /dev/sd*
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 3009:10 /dev/sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 3009:10 /dev/sda1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 2 Jan 3009:10 /dev/sda2
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Jan 3013:30 /dev/sdb
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 17 Jan 3013:30 /dev/sdb1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 Jan 3013:37 /dev/sdc
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 33 Jan 3013:37 /dev/sdc1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 Jan 3013:38 /dev/sdd
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 49 Jan 3013:38 /dev/sdd1 brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 64 Jan 3013:39 /dev/sde brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 65 Jan 3013:39 /dev/sde1
3.绑定裸设备
[root@std u01]# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices [root@std u01]# cat /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
# raw device bindings
# format: <rawdev> <major> <minor>
# <rawdev> <blockdev>
# example: /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1
# /dev/raw/raw2 85
/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw3 /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw4 /dev/sde1
[root@std u01]# service rawdevices restart Assigning devices:
/dev/raw/raw1 --> /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 17
/dev/raw/raw2 --> /dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 33
/dev/raw/raw3 --> /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 49
/dev/raw/raw4 --> /dev/sde1
/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 65
done
[root@std u01]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 17
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 33
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 49
/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 65
3.更改裸设备的权限
[root@std u01]# cd /dev/raw
[root@std raw]# ll
total 0
crw------- 1 root root 162, 1 Jan 3013:42 raw1
crw------- 1 root root 162, 2 Jan 3013:42 raw2
crw------- 1 root root 162, 3 Jan 3013:42 raw3
crw------- 1 root root 162, 4 Jan 3013:42 raw4
[root@std raw]# chown oracle:dba raw*
[root@std raw]# ll
total 0
crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 Jan 3013:42 raw1
crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 Jan 3013:42 raw2
crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 3 Jan 3013:42 raw3
crw------- 1 oracle dba 162, 4 Jan 3013:42 raw4
为方便我们把"chown oracle:dba raw*"写入/etc/rc.local
[root@std raw]# cat /etc/rc.local |grep chown
chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw[1-4]
[root@std raw]#
4.安装配置ASM驱动
[root@std u01]# uname -ra
Linux std 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 1621:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@std u01]# ll oracleasm*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130018 Jul 242013
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130966 Jul 242013
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2844 Jul 242013
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 130595 Jul 242013
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128392 Jul 242013
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13929 Jul 242013
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85303 Jul 242013
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
[root@std u01]# rpm -ivh oracleasm* --这些包之前我们以安装过
warning: oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
package oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386 is already installed package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed
package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed
package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed
package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed
package oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686 is already installed
package oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386 is already installed
配置验证ASM驱动:
[root@std u01]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface [ ]:oracle
Default group to own the driver interface [ ]:oinstall
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]:
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]:
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ] Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
[root@std u01]# lsmod |grep asm
oracleasm 463561
5.初始化ASM参数
[root@std u01]# su - oracle
[oracle@std ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@std dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/{b,c,u}dump [oracle@std dbs]$ touch init+ASM.ora
[oracle@std dbs]$ vi init+ASM.ora
[oracle@std dbs]$ cat init+ASM.ora
*.asm_diskstring='/dev/raw/raw*'
*.instance_type='asm'
*.large_pool_size=24M
*.remote_login_passwordfile='SHARED'
*.background_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/bdump'
*.core_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/cdump'
*.user_dump_dest='/u02/app/admin/+ASM/bdump'
[oracle@std dbs]$
6.为ASM实例创建密码文件
[oracle@std dbs]$ orapwd file=orapw+ASM password=oracle1 [oracle@std dbs]$
7.以root身份启动CSS进程
[oracle@std ~]# /u02/app/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add /etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Configuration for local CSS has been initialized
Adding to inittab
Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds.
Checking the status of new Oracle init process...
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
CSS is active on these nodes.
localhost
CSS is active on all nodes.
Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M)
验证CSS进程是否启动；
[oracle@std dbs]$ crsctl check css
CSS appears healthy
[oracle@std dbs]$ crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
8.启动ASM实例
[oracle@std dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@std dbs]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 3014:34:002015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 96468992 bytes
Fixed Size 1265984 bytes
Variable Size 70037184 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted
可以看到我们的ASM实例已经正常启动，最后报出ORA-15110错误说明没有挂载任何磁盘组，
因为此时我们还没有创建任何磁盘组，所以忽略这个错误。

9.创建spfile
使用spfile以后，在节下来的我们创建磁盘组时，ASM_DISKGROUPS这个参数会被自动更新。

而如果使用pfile,这个参数值不会自动更新。

SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> shutdown abort
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 96468992 bytes
Fixed Size 1265984 bytes
Variable Size 70037184 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ -----------
------------------------------
spfile string
/u02/app/product/10.2.0/db_1/d
bs/spfile+ASM.ora
10.查看磁盘及创建磁盘组
--查看磁盘asm_diskstring参数指定的磁盘
SQL> select path from v$asm_disk;
PATH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/raw/raw4
/dev/raw/raw3
/dev/raw/raw2
/dev/raw/raw1
--创建磁盘组
CREATE DISKGROUP diskgroup_name
[ { HIGH | NORMAL | EXTERNAL } REDUNDANCY ]
[ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ]
DISK [ NAME disk_name ] [ SIZE size_clause ] [ FORCE | NOFORCE ] ...;
注意:冗余度有三个选择：HIGH(高度冗余&gt;三路)、NORMAL(标准冗余--双路)和EXTERNAL(外部存储冗余)
SQL> create diskgroup DATA external redundancy
2 disk '/dev/raw/raw1','/dev/raw/raw2';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> create diskgroup FLA external redundancy
2 disk '/dev/raw/raw3','/dev/raw/raw4';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
1 DATA 40944042
2 FLA 40944042
11.把ASM实例注册到监听中
创建好ASM实例后，一般会系统会把ASM实例自动注册到监听中，如果没有自动注册，可以手动注册。

[oracle@std bdump]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@std bdump]$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 3015:21:002015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
[oracle@std ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 30-JAN-2015
15:19:33
Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 30-JAN-201515:19:15
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 18 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File
/u02/app/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "+ASM_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
12.远程访问ASM实例
要想从远程访问ASM实例,TNS配置需加上UR属性
asm=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.172)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVICE_NAME=+ASM)
(UR=A)))
C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus sys/oracle1@asm as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0- Production on 星期五 1月3015:27:082015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select group_number,name from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME
------------
------------------------------------------------------------
1 DATA
2 FLA。