大学英语四级翻译每日一练1

大学英语四级翻译习题带答案

大学英语四级翻译习题带答案大学英语四级翻译习题带答案提高英语四级考试翻译题的得分，需要考生坚持考前的翻译练习。

下面小编为大家带来大学英语四级翻译习题，供各位考生练习。

大学英语四级翻译习题(一)中国国家深海基地(the China National Deep Sea Center)将于明年对中国和世界开放以进行深海探索。

某地将占地26公顷(hectare)，征用海域62.7公顷。

该中心将作为一个连接科学家需求与技术研究及发展的桥梁。

基地将为深海设备提供技术支持和维护保养，而科学家们则可以申请使用这些深海装备。

随着对深海基地建设的集中关注，中国正在努力加速海洋勘探。

大学英语四级翻译习题译文1.第1句中的“以进行深海探索”表明目的`，故将其译作目的状语to explore the ocean depths。

“明年” (next year)按照英文表达习惯，置于句末。

2.第2句中的“占(地)”可用动词cover来表达，此处“征用”无需特意译出，其实质意思即为“所占用的”海洋区域，故可与前面合译，省去一个动词。

cover与宾语“地”和“海域”搭配皆可。

3.第3句中的定语“连接科学家需求与技术研究及发展的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用分词短语oconnecting scientists' demands with technical research and development 来表达。

4.第4句的“基地将为……提供……，而科学家们则可以申请……”这里前后分句都提到了深海装备，为避免重复，此处宜将后半句处理成which引导的限制性定语从句，译作which scientists can apply to use，其中 which 指代 deep-sea equipment。

The China National Deep Sea Center will be open to China and the world to explore the ocean depths next year. The center will cover 26 hectares of land and 62.7 hectares of sea. The center will act as a bridge connecting scientists' demands with technicalresearch and development. The center will provide technical support and maintenance for deep-sea equipment which scientists can apply to use. With attention focused on construction of the deep-sea center, China is accelerating its oceanic exploration efforts.大学英语四级翻译习题(二)中国国际数码互动娱乐展览会(China Joy)以成千上万的展场女郎而著称，当然还包括展会上发布的新游戏，以及幕后髙管们的奢华跑车(sports car)。

大学英语四级翻译练习题及答案

各省公务员报名要注意分清学历和
大学英语四级翻译练习题及答案
1. After she moved to this coastal city , she (很快适应了新的气候).
2. The market of our product is (以每年30%的速度增长).
3. It should be noted that (这个条款不适用于外国人).
https://www./
适应adapt to
2.expanding at an annual rate/speed of 30% (at a rate/speed of 30% per year)
以...速度at a rate/speeoesn’t apply to/is not applicable to foreigners
4. (火不会蔓延到另一个房间) if he had closed the door.
5. It is totally beyond our expectations that (这个申请者拒绝了我们的邀请).
答案与解析：
1.adapted herself quickly to the new climate
条款item;适用于apply to/be applicable to
4.The fire would not have spread to another room
虚拟语气;蔓延spread
5.this candidate declined/refused our invitation
候选人candidate;拒绝邀请decline/refuse one’s invitation

英语四级翻译训练题带答案

英语四级翻译训练题带答案英语四级翻译训练题带答案翻译题是四级英语考试中的重要组成部分，得分难度大加强考前的翻译练习十分重要。

下面小编为大家带来大学英语四级翻译训练题，供各位考生练习。

大学英语四级翻译训练题(一)10月23曰，三星电子公司(Samsung Electronics)发表声明向中国消费者道歉，并作出对七款机型提供免费维修服务并延长保修期的承诺。

三星希望通过道歉维持其在中国智能手机(smart phone)市场的主导地位。

去年三星在中国销售了3000万台设备，市场占有率达到17.7%。

三星并不是第一个作出道歉并承诺改善服务的公司。

之前苹果公司(Apple)也做过同样事情并藉此开发了一大批新的消费者。

大学英语四级翻译训练题译文Samsung Electronics issued an apology to Chinese consumers on 23rd October, offering to provide free repairs and extended maintenances on seven models. With the apology, Samsung hopes to maintain its leading position in China's smart phone market. The company sold 30 million devices in China for a 17.7 percent market share last year. Samsung is not the first company that issued an apology and promised to improve services. Apple did the same thing before and thus evened up a vast number of new customers.1.第1句中的'“发表声明道歉”译作issue an apology言简意赅，不必直译为issue a statement to apologize。

英语四级翻译专项练习

英语四级翻译专项练习英语四级翻译专项练习1每年农历七月初七是中国的情人节(Valentines Day )。

关于这个节日有一个美丽的传说：王母娘娘(theQueen of Heaven )最年幼的女儿“织女”爱上了人间的男子“牛郎”，王母反对仙女与凡人相爱，就用银河(Milky Way)将他们隔开。

但牛郎和织女的爱情感动了人间的喜鹊(magpie)，每年七月初七这一天，喜鹊会搭起一座鹊桥让这对情侣相见。

而如今在这一天，年轻的女子常在月下向织女祈祷，期望得到美满的姻缘。

英语四级翻译专项练习翻译The seventh day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar is Chinese Valentines Day. There is a beautiful legend about this festival: Zhi Nu, the youngest daughter of the Queen of Heaven, fell in love with Niu Lang, a cowherd on earth. Zhi Nus mother was opposed to the love between a fairy and a human, so she separated the two lovers with the Milky Way. However, their love story moved the magpies on earth. Those magpies gather together annually on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month to form a “magpie bridge”，so that the couple can meet each other once in a year. Today, on this day, young girls often pray to Zhi Nu in the moonlight, wishing for a happy marriage.英语四级翻译专项练习讲解1.农历：表示农历应该在“某月某日”后面加上in the lunar calendar (因农历与月球的运转有关)，或者简译为on the...day of the...lunar month。

大学英语四级翻译积累练习及答案详解

英语四级翻译积累练习：唐装请将下面这段话翻译成英文：唐朝是中国古代最繁荣、兴旺、灿烂、光荣的时期。

因此，中国人穿的传统服装就被称为“唐装(Tang suit)”。

实际上，“唐装”并不是唐朝的服装。

它的起源可以追溯到清朝，由马褂(Chinese jacket)演变而来。

唐装的颜色多种多样，最常见的是红色、深蓝色、金色和黑色。

唐装上一种常见的设计是使用汉字来表达好运和祝福。

今天，仍然有很多人会在传统的节日里穿唐装。

参考翻译:The Tang Dynasty was the most thriving,prosperous, splendid and glorious period in ancientChina.As a result, the traditional clothing worn bythe Chinese is called “Tang suit”.Actually, "Tang suit”is not the clothing of the Tang Dynasty.Its origin canbe traced back to the Qing Dynasty, evolving from Chinese jacket.Tang suit is made in differentcolors, the most common are red, dark blue, gold and black.One common design is the usage ofChinese characters to convey good luck and wishes.Today,there are still many people whowould wear Tang suit during traditional festivals.翻译详解：1.唐朝是中国古代最繁荣、兴旺、灿烂、光荣的时期:该句的翻译重点是几个形容词的翻译，因此，考生应注意平时形容词的积累。

英语四级翻译每日一练鲁迅

英语四级翻译每日一练鲁迅英语四级翻译每日一练：鲁迅请将下面这段话翻译成英文：鲁迅是作家周树人的笔名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景(Confucian background)。

由于家道中落，鲁迅的童年充满了苦难。

1904年，他去了日本仙台学医，但很快意识到中国对“精神医学”的需要远远超过治疗身体疾病的需要。

因此，鲁迅在1906年回到东京,决定放弃医学,投身于教育和文学事业。

他一直被视为中国20世纪最伟大的现代作家。

毛主席称他为“中国文化革命的主将”。

参考翻译:Lu Xun is the pen name of the writer born as ZhouShuren in 1881 in a family with a deep Conflicianbackground.Owing to the decline of his familyfortunes,Lu Xun’s childhood was filled withhardship. In 1904, he went to Sendai, in Japan,tostudy medicine,but he soon realized that China needed far more"spiritual medicine”,thantreatment for physical ills.Therefore, he returned to Tokyo in 1906，and decided to give upstudying medicine and devote himself to education and literature.Lu Xun has been consideredas China's greatest modern writer during the 20thcentury.Chairman Mao called him"mander of China's cultural revolution" .1.鲁迅是作家周树人的笔名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景：“笔名” 可译为penname。

大学英语四级翻译训练

大学英语四级翻译训练大学英语四级翻译训练1：中国因其国宝(national treasure)—熊猫—而闻名于世。

熊猫的食物竹子—也深受中国人民的喜爱。

中国是世界上拥有竹子最多的国家，被称为竹子的王国。

竹文化长久以来深深根植于中国人的思想中。

对中国人民来说，竹子是美德的象征。

它反映了人的灵魂和情感。

中国古代的学者对竹子非常敬重。

这就解释了为什么历史上有那么多的著作和绘画都是以竹为主题的。

参考翻译:China is worldwide famous for its national treasure, the pandas.The pandas food, bamboo, isalso favored by Chinese people.It is known as the Kingdom of Bamboo possessing morebamboos than any other country in the world. Bamboo culture has been rooted in Chinesepeoples minds for a long time.To the Chinese people, bamboo is a symbol of virtue, whichreflects peoples souls and emotions.Ancient Chinese scholars looked up with great respect tobamboo.This explains why there are so many writings and paintings dedicated to the plantthroughout history.1.中国因其国宝—熊猫—而闻名于世:“因...而闻名于世”可译为be worldwide famous for,也可用beworldwide known for来表示。

大学英语四级翻译小练(1)

段落翻译A1-工艺美术-瓷器-发展-4中文：中国的制瓷（porcelain）技术从东汉（the Eastern Han Dynasty）以后发展很快，各个历史时期都出现了别具特色的制作瓷器的名窑（kilns）和瓷器新品种。

元代（the Yuan Dynasty）以后，制瓷业迅速发展起来的江西景德镇，被称为中国的“瓷都”。

中国瓷器不仅是精美的日用品，也是珍贵的艺术品。

自汉唐（the Han and Tang dynasties）以来，中国瓷器就大量销往国外，中国的制瓷技术也逐渐传遍世界各地。

语言要点：manufacture; with unique features; the Capital of Porcelain; precious arts and crafts译文：The techniques of manufacturing porcelain have developed rapidly since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Famous kilns producing porcelain products with unique features and new porcelain varieties constantly came forth in the following dynasties. After the Yuan Dynasty, the porcelain industry rose swiftly in Jingdezhen of Jiangxi Province, which became known as the Capital of Porcelain. Chinese porcelain wares are not only delicate daily necessities, but also precious arts and crafts. Since the Han and Tang dynasties, Chinese porcelain wares were exported abroad and their manufacturing techniques gradually spread all over the world.A2-工艺美术-风筝-传承-4中文：风筝，古时候也叫纸鸢（Zhiyuan），是中国人发明的。

大学生英语四级翻译题型每日一练

大学生英语四级翻译题型每日一练Life is not all roses.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学生英语四级翻译题型每日一练，希望能给大家带来帮助!part 1请将下面这段话翻译成英文：孔庙(Temple of Confucius)坐落于山东省曲阜市南门内，是纪念我国伟大思想家、教育家孔子的祠庙建筑(templebuilding)，也是一组具有东方风格的大型建筑群。

由于孔子创立的儒家思想(Confucianism)对于维护社会统治安定所起到的重要作用，孔庙便被古代帝王所器重。

在古代经常举办祭孔典礼，或者是由皇帝自己，或者是由皇帝委任的髙级官员。

祭孔的规模和祭天一样宏大。

由此，孔子在历史上的重要地位便可见一斑。

参考翻译:Located inside the south gate of Qufu, Shandong, the Temple of Confucius is a large complex of temple buildings in oriental style in memory of Confucius, China's great thinker and educator. The importance of Confucianism created by Confucius in maintaining the social ruling stability made ancient emperors put a high value on the Temple of Confucius. In ancient times sacrifices were often offered to Confucius, either by Emperors themselves, or by emperor-appointed high officials. The scale of offering sacrifices to Confucius was as grand as that given to the Heaven. This gives us an idea of the importance of Confucius in history.1.孔庙坐落于山东省曲阜市南门内，是纪念我国伟大思想家、教育家孔子的祠庙建筑，也是一组具有东方风格的大型建筑群:该句由三个小分句组成。

大学英语四级翻译基础练习及答案

大学英语四级翻译基础练习及答案英语四级翻译基础练习一：【翻译句子】“直译”这名词，在“五四”以后方成为权威。

这是反抗林琴南氏的“歪译”而起的。

我们说林译是“歪译”，可丝毫没有糟蹋他的意思;我们是觉得“意译”这名词用在林译身上并不妥当，所以称它为“歪译”。

林氏是不懂“蟹行文字的”，所以他的译本都是别人口译而林氏笔述。

我们不很明白当时他们合作的情形是别人口译了一句，林氏随即也笔述了一句呢，还是别人先口译了一段或一节，然后林氏笔述下来?但无论如何，这种译法是免不了两重的歪曲的。

【答案解析】答案:The phrase “literal translation”didnt become the authority until the May Fourth Movement in 1919.It was coined in opposition to the “distorted translation”of Lin Qinnan.We have no intention to be disrespectful by describing his translation as “distorted translation”.We just feel it is inappropriate to address Lins version as “free translation”.Mr.Lin had no knowledge of arrow headed characters and all of his translation works were put down to paper after hearing others interpretation.We still wonder whether the cooperation was carried out in the way he reinterpreted others words sentence-by-sentence orpassage-by-passage?Anyway,during that process,double distortion is inevitable.分析1.“直译”这名词，在“五四”以后方成为权威。

英语四级翻译专项练习题

英语四级翻译专项练习题一、历史文化类1、长城是世界上最著名的建筑之一，它始建于秦朝，绵延约 6700 公里。

The Great Wall is one of the most famous buildings in the world It was first built in the Qin Dynasty and stretches for about 6,700 kilometers2、京剧是中国的一种传统艺术形式，有着超过 200 年的历史。

Beijing Opera is a traditional art form in China with a history of more than 200 years3、端午节是为了纪念古代诗人屈原而设立的，人们在这一天会吃粽子、赛龙舟。

The Dragon Boat Festival is set up in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan People eat zongzi and have dragon boat races on this day二、社会生活类1、随着互联网的发展，网上购物变得越来越流行。

With the development of the Internet, online shopping is becoming more and more popular2、共享单车为人们的出行提供了便利，同时也有助于减少环境污染。

Shared bikes provide convenience for people's travel and also help reduce environmental pollution3、垃圾分类对于保护环境至关重要，每个人都应该积极参与。

Garbage classification is crucial for protecting the environment and everyone should actively participate in it三、科技教育类1、人工智能正在改变我们的生活方式和工作方式。

英语四级翻译积累训练及答案

英语四级翻译积累训练及答案重点表达正常运转 function properly找到更多的时间、更好的睡眠方法 find ways to get more and better sleep 熬夜 stay up late经常跨时区旅行 travel frequently between time zone上夜班 work nights英语四级翻译积累训练：三国时期三国(公元220-280年)时期，魏、蜀、吴三足鼎立。

为了进一步将这三国与同时期的其他几国区分开来，历史学家们为三国各添加了一位相关人物：魏又为曹魏，蜀即为蜀汉，吴亦称东吴。

各国最终的统治者并不是皇帝，而是自称是汉朝合法继承人的君主们。

14世纪，罗贯中著有《三国演义》，被誉为中国古典四大名著之一，八十万字，一百二十章，描写的正是这段时期的历史风云。

参考译文Back to the time of the Three Kingdoms (AD 220–280), there was a tripartite division between the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu. To further distinguish the three states from others during the same period, historians have added a relevant Chinese character to their names: Wei is also known as Cao Wei, Shu is also known as Shu Han, and Wu is also known as Dong (or Eastern) Wu. Each state was ultimately headed not bya king, but by an emperor who claimed to be the legitimate successor to the Han dynasty. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. With a grand total of 800,000 words and 120 chapters, the novel has depicted the events in the turbulent years of that period.重点表达三足鼎立：a tripartite division between合法继承人：the legitimate successor中国古典四大名著：Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature 被誉为：be acclaimed as这段时期的历史风云：the events in the turbulent years of that period。

英语四级考试翻译题句型训练 (含答案)

句型1.The first time _____________________ the island , we were deeply impressed by itsbreath-taking scenery. (foot)我们第一次踏上这个岛屿，就被她美丽的景色吸引了。

2. I was just about to go to the airport when _________________________ that I had left my passport in the living room. (occur)我刚要出发去机场，这时我突然想起我把护照落在起居室了。

3. We haven’t heard from him for a long time. I wonder _______________________ . (become) 我们很长时间没有收到他的来信了。

我想知道他怎么样了。

4. I was still sleeping _______________________ , and then it spread quickly. (break)我还在睡觉突然火灾发生了并且蔓延得很快。

5.It is not the first time _______________________ to me, so I have good reasons to doubt his words. (tell)这不是他第一次对我撒谎，因此我有理由怀疑他说的话。

6.Every time ______________________ , remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. (feel)每当你想抽烟的时候，要提醒自己你是不抽烟的人。

7. ___________________ we should take to promote the awareness of environment protection?(measure)你认为我们应当采取什么措施来提高环保意识呢？8.It’s difficult to imagine the trouble that a single mother had _________________ five children. (bring)很难想像一位单亲妈妈抚养五名孩子成长的艰辛。

大学英语四级翻译习题

大学英语四级翻译习题翻译是英语四级考试中的一项重要考查内容，要求考生将一段英文短文或句子准确地翻译成中文。

这不仅考察考生对英文语法和词汇的掌握，还要求考生具备良好的理解和表达能力。

下面将给出一些常见的英语四级翻译习题，并提供参考答案和解析。

习题一：The Internet has become an indispensable part of our daily life. It has greatly facilitated our communication, information exchange, and online shopping. However, its disadvantages should not be ignored. Some people spend too much time surfing the Internet, neglecting their studies or work. Moreover, cybercrime, online fraud, and privacy issues have become major concerns. In order to make full use of the Internet and avoid potential risks, we need to be cautious and responsible while using it.参考答案及解析：互联网已成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。

它极大地方便了我们的交流、信息交换和在线购物。

然而，我们不能忽视它的缺点。

有些人在上网时花费过多的时间，忽视了学习或工作。

此外，网络犯罪、网络诈骗和隐私问题已成为主要关注的焦点。

为了充分利用互联网并避免潜在风险，我们需要在使用互联网时保持谨慎和责任心。

习题二：The rapid development of technology has brought both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, technological advancements have greatlyimproved our lives. For example, the invention of smartphones enables us to connect with others anytime and anywhere. On the other hand, it also poses various challenges. The excessive use of technology can lead to addictionand affect our physical and mental health. Moreover, automation and artificial intelligence may replace human workers, causing unemployment problems. Therefore, we should embrace technology with caution and find a balance between its benefits and drawbacks.参考答案及解析：技术的快速发展带来了机遇和挑战。

大学英语四级翻译练习题及译文

大学英语四级翻译练习题及译文【翻译原文】中国火锅(Chinese hot pot)已有1000多年的历史了。

火锅似乎起源于蒙古，在那里主要配料是肉，通常是牛肉，羊肉或马肉。

之后传到中国南方，得到了进一步发展。

火锅包含一个在餐桌中间煮涮东西的金属锅。

当火锅保持沸腾状态时，将配料放入锅中。

典型的火锅菜包括切成薄片的肉，叶菜，蘑菇，云吞(wonton),鸡蛋，饺子和海鲜。

煮熟的食物通常蘸着酱吃。

在许多地区，火锅通常在冬天吃。

【参考译文】The Chinese hot pot has a history of more than1,000 years. Hot pot seems to have originated inMongolia where the main ingredient was meat,usually beef,mutton or horseflesh.It then spread tosouthern China and was further established.Chinese hot pot consists of a simmering metal pot of stock at the center of the diningtable.While the hot pot is kept simmering, ingredients are placed into the pot.Typical hot potdishes include thinly sliced meat, leaf vegetables, mushrooms, wontons, eggs, dumplings, andseafood. The cooked food is usually eaten with a dipping sauce. In many areas, hot pot mealsare often eaten in winter.翻译原文：中国文化中，一个家庭或一个组织中最年长的人享有最多的尊敬、荣誉和尊严。

英语四级翻译备考题每日一练

英语四级翻译备考题每日一练英语四级翻译备考题每日一练No success in life merely happens. 以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语四级翻译备考题每日一练，希望能给大家带来帮助!part 1请将下面这段话翻译成英文：中国的印章篆刻(seal carving)始于古代，贯穿于整个秦朝。

篆刻的印帝最初是作为皇帝的玉玺(imperial seal)来使用的。

皇家的印章被称为玺(Xi)并且只能由皇室成员使用。

秦朝之后，更多不同种类的印章出现了。

它们作为个性化的印戳用于私人用途。

这些非官方定制的印戳被称为印(Yin)。

在唐朝，由于迷信(superstition),印章的名称被改称为宝，理由是玺的发音与另一个表示“死亡”意思的汉字类似。

参考翻译:Chinese seal carving first appeared in ancient times and was used throughout the Qin Dynasty. It was initially employed as an imperial seal named Xi. These imperial seal carvings were used only by the royalty. Following this dynasty, more different kinds of seals appeared and were used by private folks as personalized stamps. These non-official stamps were called Yin. During the Tang Dynasty, the seals was renamed Bao as a result of superstition since the pronunciation of Xi is similar to that of another Chinese charactcr which means death.1.篆刻的印幸最初是作为皇帝的玉玺(imperial seal)来使用的:该句可译为被动句，谓语是"最初是作为…使用”，其中“使用”可用employ来表示，属于正式用语，故可翻译为was initially employed as。

大学英语四级考试翻译题份

大学英语四级考试翻译题(1)份大学英语四级考试翻译题 1翻译：Li Bai was one of the celebrated poets in the Tang Dynasty of China. He was endowed with the title of Poetic Genius for his brilliant talent in writing poems. Most of his poems were produced in the rise and fall period of the Tang Dynasty. He is one of the greatest poets in the history of China. Li Bai lived a wandering life all his life. He had talent but no opportunity to use it. He was very disappointed and resentful. He had to attain fun by drinking wine and writing poems. However, maybe we have to thank his miserable political life, or we will lose a great fortune in poetry.2.太极拳的原理，发端于__古代，最开始是一种武术和自卫方式。

随着时间的推移，人们开始通过练太极拳来改善健康状况、增加福祉(well-being)。

练习者用意念慢慢地、轻轻地移动身体, 同时深呼吸，因此有时被称为移动冥想(meditation)。

__人通常会在清晨到附近的公园练习太极拳。

翻译：Taijiquan is one of the internal styles of Chinesemartial art. It is based on the principle of the ing the hard and originated in ancient Chinaas a martial art and a means of self-defense.Overtime, people began to exercise it to improve theirhealth and well-being. Practicers move their bodies slowly，gently and with thought whilebreathing deeply，so it is sometimes referred to as “moving meditation”.Chinese monlypractice Taijiquan in nearby parks in early morning.3.乒乓球在__是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。

英语四级翻译每日一练1

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；清在答题卡2 上作答，Part VI Translation (5 minutes)1．It is time the whole society began to take action to __________ (使我们的环境免于毁灭)．2．If we had set out earlier，__________ (我们就不会在雨中行走)．3．When this semester is over，__________ (我就能抽空读这部小说了)．4．__________ (在我设计出这个问题的解决方案后)，I’ll submit a report to the committee．5 __________ (我已得出结论)that it would be unwise to accept his proposM．1．save our environment from destruction本题的考点是短语“使……免于……”的译法，save…from…的搭配可表示此意，其中from后接名词或动名词。

此外，还可用prevent…from…的结构，即prevent our environment from being destructed。

2．we wouldn’t have walked in the rain分析句子结构和中文部分的内容可知，本句采用了虚拟语气，再由从句为过去完成时可知，本句表示对过去事实的虚拟假设，因此主句谓语部分应为would have done的结构。

3．I should be able to get around to reading this novel本题的考点是“抽时间做某事”的译法，即get around/round to(doing)sth。