外贸函电__关于保险Unit12_Insurance
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– Perils of the sea
• Natural calamities – Caused by force majeure events such as heavy weather , lightening, Tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption,, etc. • Unexpected accidents/fortuitous accidents – Caused by accidents such as fire, explosion, vessel being stranded , grounded, sunk or capsized, collision, missing, etc.
– Salvage charge (救助费)
• A third party other than the insured takes measures to save the subject matter • (“No-Cure，No-Pay” principle)
Different Risks
The risks :
Marine Risks
Natural calamities
Perils of the sea
Unexpected accidents/ fortuitous accidents
Risks
General risks External/Extraneous risks
Special risks
• Two types of risks
Losses in Marine Cargo Transport
The losses and damages done to the goods can fall into :
1. Total Loss 1) Actual Total Loss （the whole lot of the consignment has been lost or damaged or found valueless upon the arrival at the port of destination) 2) Constructive Total Loss ( the actual loss of the insured goods is unavoidable, or the ship or the consignment has to be abandoned because the cost of salvage or recovery would exceed the value of the ship and the consignment in sound condition upon the arrival of the port of destination.) 2. Partial Loss 1) General Average (G.A.)共同海损 ( when both the ship and the consignments on board are engaged and the Captain, for the safety of the ship and the consignments, intentionally and reasonably does some sacrifices or makes some expenses.) 2) Particular Average (P.A) 单独海损( a particular consignment is partially damaged)
8. Partial loss caused directly by natural calamities 9. Loss or damage due to external causes including general extraneous risks, excluding special extraneous risks and exclusions
External/Extraneous Risks
General Additional Risk
1. Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery , T. P. N. D. ； 2. Rain Fresh Water Damage , F.W. R. D. ； 3. Risk of Shortage ； 4. Risk of Intermixture and Contamination ； 5. Risk of Leakage ； 6. Risk of Clash and Breakage ； 7. Risk of Ordor ； 8. Damage Caused by sweating and Heating ； 9. Hook Damage ； 10. Loss and Damage Caused by Breakage of Packing ； 11. Risk of Rust.
1. Total loss
Actual total loss Constructive total loss
due to
a. natural calamities b. fortuitous accidents
2. Partial loss due to
a. fortuitous accidents b. natural calamities, where the conveyance being grounded, stranded, sunk or burnt before or after the fortuitous accident
Figure 6.4 Basic Coverage of C.I.C.
Insured Amount and Insurance Premium
•The insured amount
The formula for calculating the insured amount under CIF trade terms:
Expenses incurred
• Two types of expenses
– Sue or labor expenses (eg.施救费)
• When the subject matter suffers the risks within insurance coverage • the insured takes measures to avert or minimize the loss or damage to the subject matter insured.
Cargo Transportation Insurance
Terms involved
• the insurant / insured/assured
– The party that buys insurance (exporter/importer)
• the insurer
– The party undertaking to indemnify the insurant against losses or damages (PICC)
Insured Amount = CIF price x ( 1 + markup percentage )
The insurance premium
The formula for calculating the premium under CIF trade terms:
Insurance Premium = insured amount x premium rate = CIF price x ( 1+ markup percentage ) x premium rate
F.P.A.
W.P. A. A.R.
3. Total or partial loss caused by accidents and consequent on falling of entire package during loading, unloading or transshipment 4. Reasonable expenses the insured makes for the salvage of the goods insured, and for averting or minimizing the losses 5. Loss due to discharge of the insured goods at a port of distress following a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call or refuge 6. Sacrifice in and contribution to salvage charges 7. Loss due to “Both to Blame Collision” Clause
例如，某CIF合同价值为USD12000， 投保一切险与战争险，费率分别为 0.6%和0.4%，请问保险金额 和保险费 各多少？
•Answer: • Insured Amount: • USD12000 x 110% = USD13200 •Insurance Premium: • USD 13200 x (0.6%+0.4%) = USD132
- The amount covered against the subject matter ( which is usually the amount of 110% of CIF value of the consignment)
• premium
- The sum of money the insured agrees to pay the insurer for an insurance policy
I. Basic Insurance II. Additional Insurance a. Basic insurance: covered independently 1. Free from Particular Average 2. With Particular Average 3. All Risks b. Additional insurance : go with basic coverage 1. General Additional Risks（属于AAR） 2. Special Additional Risks
• the claimant
– The claimant may not necessarily be the insurant
• the insurance policy
- The contract made betweenຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduthe insurer and the insured
• the insured amount
Special Additional Risks
Caused by military factors, political factors, government regulations such as war, striking, confiscation充公 1. War Risks; 2. Strike risks; 3. Aflatoxin 黄曲霉素险; 4. Failure to deliver ; 5. On Deck 舱面险; 6. Import Duty; 7. Rejection; 8. Fire Risk Extension Clause , F. R. E. C. —— for storage of cargo at destination of HongKong , including Kowloon , or Macao.
• Natural calamities – Caused by force majeure events such as heavy weather , lightening, Tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption,, etc. • Unexpected accidents/fortuitous accidents – Caused by accidents such as fire, explosion, vessel being stranded , grounded, sunk or capsized, collision, missing, etc.
– Salvage charge (救助费)
• A third party other than the insured takes measures to save the subject matter • (“No-Cure，No-Pay” principle)
Different Risks
The risks :
Marine Risks
Natural calamities
Perils of the sea
Unexpected accidents/ fortuitous accidents
Risks
General risks External/Extraneous risks
Special risks
• Two types of risks
Losses in Marine Cargo Transport
The losses and damages done to the goods can fall into :
1. Total Loss 1) Actual Total Loss （the whole lot of the consignment has been lost or damaged or found valueless upon the arrival at the port of destination) 2) Constructive Total Loss ( the actual loss of the insured goods is unavoidable, or the ship or the consignment has to be abandoned because the cost of salvage or recovery would exceed the value of the ship and the consignment in sound condition upon the arrival of the port of destination.) 2. Partial Loss 1) General Average (G.A.)共同海损 ( when both the ship and the consignments on board are engaged and the Captain, for the safety of the ship and the consignments, intentionally and reasonably does some sacrifices or makes some expenses.) 2) Particular Average (P.A) 单独海损( a particular consignment is partially damaged)
8. Partial loss caused directly by natural calamities 9. Loss or damage due to external causes including general extraneous risks, excluding special extraneous risks and exclusions
External/Extraneous Risks
General Additional Risk
1. Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery , T. P. N. D. ； 2. Rain Fresh Water Damage , F.W. R. D. ； 3. Risk of Shortage ； 4. Risk of Intermixture and Contamination ； 5. Risk of Leakage ； 6. Risk of Clash and Breakage ； 7. Risk of Ordor ； 8. Damage Caused by sweating and Heating ； 9. Hook Damage ； 10. Loss and Damage Caused by Breakage of Packing ； 11. Risk of Rust.
1. Total loss
Actual total loss Constructive total loss
due to
a. natural calamities b. fortuitous accidents
2. Partial loss due to
a. fortuitous accidents b. natural calamities, where the conveyance being grounded, stranded, sunk or burnt before or after the fortuitous accident
Figure 6.4 Basic Coverage of C.I.C.
Insured Amount and Insurance Premium
•The insured amount
The formula for calculating the insured amount under CIF trade terms:
Expenses incurred
• Two types of expenses
– Sue or labor expenses (eg.施救费)
• When the subject matter suffers the risks within insurance coverage • the insured takes measures to avert or minimize the loss or damage to the subject matter insured.
Cargo Transportation Insurance
Terms involved
• the insurant / insured/assured
– The party that buys insurance (exporter/importer)
• the insurer
– The party undertaking to indemnify the insurant against losses or damages (PICC)
Insured Amount = CIF price x ( 1 + markup percentage )
The insurance premium
The formula for calculating the premium under CIF trade terms:
Insurance Premium = insured amount x premium rate = CIF price x ( 1+ markup percentage ) x premium rate
F.P.A.
W.P. A. A.R.
3. Total or partial loss caused by accidents and consequent on falling of entire package during loading, unloading or transshipment 4. Reasonable expenses the insured makes for the salvage of the goods insured, and for averting or minimizing the losses 5. Loss due to discharge of the insured goods at a port of distress following a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading, warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call or refuge 6. Sacrifice in and contribution to salvage charges 7. Loss due to “Both to Blame Collision” Clause
例如，某CIF合同价值为USD12000， 投保一切险与战争险，费率分别为 0.6%和0.4%，请问保险金额 和保险费 各多少？
•Answer: • Insured Amount: • USD12000 x 110% = USD13200 •Insurance Premium: • USD 13200 x (0.6%+0.4%) = USD132
- The amount covered against the subject matter ( which is usually the amount of 110% of CIF value of the consignment)
• premium
- The sum of money the insured agrees to pay the insurer for an insurance policy
I. Basic Insurance II. Additional Insurance a. Basic insurance: covered independently 1. Free from Particular Average 2. With Particular Average 3. All Risks b. Additional insurance : go with basic coverage 1. General Additional Risks（属于AAR） 2. Special Additional Risks
• the claimant
– The claimant may not necessarily be the insurant
• the insurance policy
- The contract made betweenຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduthe insurer and the insured
• the insured amount
Special Additional Risks
Caused by military factors, political factors, government regulations such as war, striking, confiscation充公 1. War Risks; 2. Strike risks; 3. Aflatoxin 黄曲霉素险; 4. Failure to deliver ; 5. On Deck 舱面险; 6. Import Duty; 7. Rejection; 8. Fire Risk Extension Clause , F. R. E. C. —— for storage of cargo at destination of HongKong , including Kowloon , or Macao.