专题05-高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解-社会文化类(原卷版)

高考英语真题【阅读理解】分类拔高练习05社会文化类1.（2015·安徽）阅读理解Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.（1）According to the passage, sharing bread______.A.indicates a lack of foodB.can help to develop unityC.is a custom unique to rural areasD.has its roots in birthday celebrations（2）What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?A.Trust.B.Success.C.Health.D.Togetherness.（3）The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.ing examplesB.making comparisonsC.analyzing causesD.describing processes（4）What is the passage mainly about?A.The custom of sharing food.B.The specific meaning of food.C.The role of food in ceremonies.D.The importance of food in culture.2.Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include these rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All thecompetitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but theyall share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at thecrowd.The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash!（1） In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must____ .A.wear various formal clothesB.roll a wooden cheese in their own laneC.kick or throw their cheesee a real cheese weighing about four kilos（2）Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?A.In New Mexico.B.In the Caribbean.C.In Australia.D.In China.（3）The celebration of La Tomatina lasts_____ .A.three daysB. seven daysC.less than three daysD. more than seven days（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.3. Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not havetime to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made thefloors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little toomuch oil. When the inspector extended his hand togreet Glenn's mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attemptingits first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's mother's hand, and the inspection continued as thoughnothing had happened.（1）What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?A.It was carried out once a year.B.It was often announced in advance.C.It was important for the keeper's fame.D.It was focused on the garage and yard.（2）The family began making preparations immediately after ______.A.one of the members saw the boatB.a warning call reached the lighthouseC.the keeper put on the dress uniform and capD.the inspector flew special flags in the distance（3）Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.A. result in some funB.speed up washing themC.make her home look tidyD.be a demand from the inspector（4）If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______.A.an empty panB.many clean dishesC.pieces of baked breadD.a cloth covering something（5）The inspector waved his arms ______.A.to try his best to keep steadyB.to show his satisfaction with the floorC.to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's motherD.to express his intention to continue the inspection4.The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay, t he philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.（1）According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?A.It introduces different cultural values.B.It explains the history of artistic works.C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.（2）In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____A.great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB.history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures（3）According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____A.they are results of scientific studyB.they establish some general principles of artC.they are created by the world’s greatest artistsD.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature（4）Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A.Are Artistic Values Universal?B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?C.Is Human Nature Uniform?D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?。