胡壮麟语言学chapter12(名牌大学教授整理)PPT课件

called the signifier (能指) and the
signified (所指).
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Birth of Modern Linguistics (3) Saussure’s ideas on the arbitrary nature of sign, on the relational nature of linguistic units, on the distinction of LANGUE and PAROLE and of SYNCHRONIC and DIACHRONIC linguistics, etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage.
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Birth of Modern Linguistics
concept thought（思维）or reference（关联意义）
word………………………………..thing
symbol（符号）
referent（所指）
or form（形式）
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Birth of Modern Linguistics
make clear the object of study for
linguistics as a science. He believed that
language is a SYSTEM OF SIGNS,
called conventions. He held this sign is
the union of a form and an idea, which he
This book became the most important source of Saussure's ideas and of his influence upon succeeding generations of linguists. Saussure's ideas were developed along three lines: linguistics, sociology, and psychology.
When is the beginning of modern linguistics?
We date modern linguistics from the
early twentieth century when scholars
worked out detailed scientific
methods for establishing relationships
e. g. – Can I use your bike?
– I have to go to town. (ready-made sign预成)
(signifier1能指)
I have to go a long way. (signified1所指) (signifier2)
I can’t go on foot.
(signified2) (signifier3)
…
…
I have to go by bike. (signifiedn) (signifiern+1)
During the years between 1907 to
1911, Saussure lectured on general
linguistics in the University of
Geneva. After he died in 1913, two of
his students, C. Bally and A.
Sechehaye, collected lecture notes
from students and put them together
to produce the great work, Course in
General Linguistics, in 1916.
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Birth of Modern Linguistics
among languages. This is marked by
the publication of Ferdinand de
Saussure's book Course in General
Linguistics (1916).
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Birth of Modern Linguistics
Chapter 12
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Theories and Schools of
Modern Linguistics
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In Europe
Prague School
1926 –
Birth of Modern Linguistics
London School 1944 –
1907 – 1916
In USA
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Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modern linguistics?
(1) The book “Course in General Linguistics” (1916), which is the most important source of Saussure's ideas, marked the beginning of modern linguistics.
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Birth of Modern Linguistics
(2) Saussure was the first to notice the
complexities of language which direct our
attention to essentials of language and
American Structuralism
TG Grammar
1911 –
Bloomfield Era Post-Bloomfieldian
1933 – 1950 Linguistics 1950 –
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1957 – Case Grammar
1968 –
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Birth of Modern Linguistics