雅思阅读语法
雅思阅读语法7--名词性从句
三
宾语从句
在复合句中充当宾语
1. that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。 ★that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是 复合从属连词。 I know (that) you have met him. Let's suppose that one day this happens to you. ★在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如： I told him (that) he was wrong. ★在少数动词如：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的从 句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移 (hope“希望”, guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望 不是那样的”，是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是对hope的否定：“我 不希望如此”。）如： I don't think it will be very cold today. I don't think you are right. I don't believe he has finished his work.
翻译练习
【练1/3】中国教育的最大变化就是，已经有更多的人可以接受 教育。 （剑3,T1,S） 【练2/3】早上学的另一个好处是孩子在社交方面发展更快。 （剑4，G,TB,W） 【练3/3】我的观点是年轻人应该受到鼓励，去开阔视野。（剑5， T2，W）
雅思阅读语法1--it句型
PPT课件
5
指出下列所强调的句子成分 原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday
evening.
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
• 典型例题 • 1）It was last night ___ I see the comet. • A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that （who））+ 主谓句。 强 调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时 ，才用 "who"，其余用that。
PPT课件
11
• 【练1/】（剑7,T4,R）
• It is this management mechanism that has allowed Alaska salmon stocks—and, accordingly, Alaska salmon fisheries ---- to prosper.
PPT课件
4
• 2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
• A. that B. when C. since D. as
雅思阅读宾语从句
雅思阅读宾语从句在雅思阅读中，长难句解析是一个重要的技巧，能够帮助考生更好地理解文章内容。
其中，宾语从句是一个常见的语法结构，也是考生在阅读过程中可能会遇到的一个难点。
本文将通过分析一些常见的宾语从句类型，帮助考生更好地理解这一语法结构，从而提高阅读理解能力。
一、定义和分类宾语从句是一种句子作宾语的结构，即一个句子作为动词或介词的宾语。
根据从句在句子中的作用和位置，可以将宾语从句分为三类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句和形容词后宾语从句。
二、常见问题在阅读过程中，考生可能会遇到以下问题：1、无法快速识别宾语从句；2、对从句中的代词指代关系不清晰；3、对从句的引导词不熟悉；4、对从句的时态和语态判断错误。
三、解析方法针对以上问题，以下是一些实用的解析方法：5、找准引导词：宾语从句通常由一个引导词引导，如that、whether、if等。
找到引导词有助于识别宾语从句。
6、判断时态和语态：宾语从句的时态和语态通常与主句保持一致。
考生可以通过判断主句的时态和语态来确定从句的时态和语态。
7、关注代词指代：在宾语从句中，代词通常指代前面提到的名词或名词短语。
考生需要关注代词的指代关系，以确保对句子的理解正确。
8、分析句子结构：通过分析句子结构，可以更好地理解句子意思。
考生可以尝试将长句分解成几个短句，以便更好地理解。
9、积累常见引导词：通过积累常见的引导词，可以更快地识别宾语从句，提高阅读速度。
四、例句分析下面通过几个例句来具体分析宾语从句的解析方法：例1：The company’s board of directors will meet to discuss whether they should accept the new investment proposal.（P2T1）分析：这个句子中有一个宾语从句，即“whether they should accept the new investment proposal”，作为动词“discuss”的宾语。
雅思阅读专项长难句讲义及练习
Understanding IELTS Grammar---Solution to Long & Complicated Sentences●长难句成因：“树形结构”：•修饰成分纷繁复杂•主从句交织•特殊句式●Strategies for Long & Complicated Sentences:一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句4.多重复合句二、特殊结构句式解析1. 分隔结构2. 倒装结构3. 强调结构4. 双重或者多重否定5. 比较结构一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句1.1 主语从句•Looking at the picture makes him experience a severe attack of nostalgia.•For her, a woman, to defy her husband’s order would be considered audacious at her time.•What bothers me about this point of view is that it implies that human beings, in somedeep sense, are not part of nature.•That he is in love with her is no longer a secret.主语从句解读方法：●●主语从句引导词：Practice:（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（5）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（6）What caused the accident remains unknown.（7）What we need is time.（8）What we need are good doctors.（9）Whatever you did is right.Example 1：That the nineteenth– century French novelist Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in his life was an irony which was duplicated in other matters.Example 2:That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static.Example 3:However, it can not be denied that it was Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists.Further Practice:1. It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather.2. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.3. It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.4. It is probable that he has known everything.5. It appeared that he had a taste for music.6. It made us very happy that she was saved7. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.8. It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.9. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.1.2. 宾语从句（object clause）引导词：Example 1：A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Example 2：Yet new findings in neuroscience suggest that the brain retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to experience or injury throughout life: after the loss of sensory input from an amputated limb, for example, adults are able to learn new motor skills effectively.Example 3：Art historian Kenneth Clarke, for example, writing in 1973, could not accept that the Mona Lisa was famous for reasons other than its inner qualities.Example 4:The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults.1.3 表语从句引导词：who, how, when, as, whetherExample：The key issue in judging overpopulation is not how many people can fit into any given space but whether Earth can supply the population’s long-term requirement for food, water, and other resources.Practice:The miracle is how they all cooperate, and are integrated together, in the creation ofa self.1.4 同位语从句Example:He was surprised at the fact that he had passed the IELTS examination.先行词：破解关键：Example 1：There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end.Example 2:The belief that it is harmful to the black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.Example 3:【剑3】In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.Example 4:【剑3】This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration in to a notoriously fickle worldeconomy.Practices：I take further comfort in the fact that human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the world’s first modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.According to James, a child’s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. [剑9]2.定语从句引导词：Which:Like the slaves, women took literally the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men are created equal.Libraries made education possible，and education in its turn added to libraries；the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law，which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.That:With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem that cannot be solved in a few hours.O ften, the children’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. [剑9]There is something, they argue, inside the painting that speaks to us all, that unleashes feelings, emotion, and recognition.关系代词that的省略：Because the potential talent John has is obvious, he is going to be elected as the president.Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them.Who:The student who is answering the question is John.The person who was here yesterday is a musician.Whom:In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.Whose:Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.关系副词:When:She will never forget the day when she got married.Where:One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.Why:Give me one reason why we should help you.复杂定语从句：介词/介词短语+引导词This is the desk on which I found my book.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. His book vividly illustrates the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion the forces of industrialization and urbanization.We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.【剑5】This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology—to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behavior.【剑8】Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical development of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognized by teachers and schools.【剑8】The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted fails to lessen their significance.3.状语从句关联词：破解关键：When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.I’m not living where I was.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.Take your coat in case it rains.He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.4.多重复合句However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing understanding that movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. [剑9]Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.二、特殊结构句式1.分隔结构处理原则：Example:In relationships of mutual dependence, such as between labour and management or within an organization or a family, the question (of who is more powerful) turns on who is less dependent on the other.In developing countries, where at least 10 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.It will take years for whites—including those who think of themselves as liberals—to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.Thirdly, the waste radioactive material, including not only the uranium but also water and even the clothes used by power station personnel, must be disposed of.A cousin of the tenacious Asian longhorned beetle—which since its initial discovery in 1996 in New York City has caused tens of millions of dollars in damage annually – ,the citrus longhorned beetle, was discovered on a juniper bush in August 2001 in Tukwila, Washington.Generations of teachers have assigned Thoreau’s book Walden (1854), which recounts his experiment in living in solitary harmony with nature, as an illustration of the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion into pastoral harmony of the forces of industrialization and urbanization.Practices:Yet Linnaeus himself would probably have been the first to admit that classification is only a tool, and not the ultimate purpose, of biological inquiry.Like Douglass, who invoked the rhetoric of male individualism to encourage identification with his narrative, she had to make her readers take the oppression of slave women personally, to see it as a threat to their own sense of themselves as women.2. 倒装结构(1). Only+状语位于句首Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a mother.(2). 以never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等词引导的句子。
雅思阅读之定语从句分析
雅思阅读之定语从句分析在雅思阅读中，定语从句是一个重要的语法结构，通常用于修饰和限定名词，提供更多的信息。
以下是定语从句的几种类型以及它们的分析方法：1.限制性定语从句这种从句对被修饰的名词有严格的限制，不可省略，否则句子的意义会不完整。
例如：“The scientist who discovered the Higgs boson was awarded the Nobel Prize.”（发现希格斯玻色子的科学家被授予诺贝尔奖。
）2.非限制性定语从句这种从句对被修饰的名词没有严格的限制，可以省略而不影响句子的意义。
例如：“His father, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.”（他的父亲是一名医生，在医院工作。
）3.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词如“that”、“which”、“who”等用于引导定语从句，指代被修饰的名词。
例如：“The1book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.”（我从图书馆借来的书很有趣。
）4.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词如“where”、“when”、“why”等也可以引导定语从句，用于修饰名词。
例如：“The reason why he was late for class was that he got up late this morning.”（他迟到的原因是他今天早上起床晚了。
）5.分隔式定语从句在这种结构中，定语从句与被修饰的名词被其他成分分隔开。
例如：“The company, which was founded in 1990, has grown rapidly in recent years.”（这家成立于1990年的公司近年来发展迅速。
）在分析定语从句时，首先要判断它是限制性还是非限制性的，然后确定关系代词或关系副词的意义和作用。
雅思语法之抽象名词
雅思语法之抽象名词一、概念抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态或情感等抽象概念的名称。
如：phenomenon, anger, freedom, life, knowledge, fun, mind 等等，都是抽象名词。
比如C5T1P3（剑桥5的套第三篇，后同）第二段中”One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem.”文章中出现了phenomenon和impact 两个抽象名词。
二、抽象名词对解题帮助雅思阅读中抽象名词多出现在配对题中，重点考察同义替换：语气、词性和范围的替换比如：1.语气的替换：C6T1P2中14题:14. a suggestion for improving trade in the future定位词future表示将来，可以对应would do等虚拟语气，所以可以定位到尾短的最后一句话。
“Bring these barriers down would help the world’s economies grow ever closer.”(C6T1P2)2.词性替换：C6T2P3中29题29. In seventh-century Europe, the ability to count to a certain number题目中的ability可以变换为词组be able to do，可以对应原文第四段最后一句“In fact, to qualify as a witness in a count of law a man had to be able to count to nine!”(C6T2P3)成为一个目击证人需要有能数到9的能力，本句中的witness 也是抽象名词，需要理解为人的意思，看选项只有A和B提到了人A. was necessary in order to fulfill a civic role.B. was necessary when people begin farming.但B项的farming没有提到，所以答案可以锁定为A。
雅思阅读评分标准a类
雅思阅读评分标准a类雅思阅读评分标准包括4个方面：1. Task Achievement（任务完成度）：针对题目所要求的内容，读者能否准确理解和回答问题。
2. Coherence and Cohesion（连贯性和衔接）：文章结构是否清晰，过渡是否自然，段落是否明确，句子是否流畅。
3. Vocabulary（词汇）：选择和使用词汇的准确性和适当性，以及词汇量的充分性和多样性。
4. Grammar（语法）：语法结构的准确性和多样性，如句子结构、主谓一致、时态等。
评分的等级分为9个等级，分别是9-1分。
其中，9分为最高等级，1分为最低等级。
例如，得到9分的阅读文章必须在以上4个方面都达到了尽可能完美的状态。
针对以上4个方面，具体的评分标准如下：Task Achievement：9分：准确回答问题，全部理解并对问题做出恰当回应。
8分：大部分题目被准确回答，有些许遗漏或不完全符合要求的回答。
7分：大部分题目被回答，但存在几处无法符合题目要求的回答或有些许错误。
6分：尽管有些许理解困难，但也对大部分问题做出回答。
5分：答案存在大量错误或无法回答问题。
Coherence and Cohesion：9分：结构清晰，具有高度的连贯性和衔接性。
使用合适的过渡表达方式和段落划分。
8分：结构较清晰，存在过渡表达方式和段落划分的使用。
7分：文章结构有些混乱或不够连贯，但依然有过渡表达方式和段落划分的使用。
6分：文章不够连贯且没有使用过渡表达方式和段落划分。
5分：文章存在很多结构性的错误，且缺乏连贯性和衔接性。
Vocabulary：9分：使用非常准确、丰富和多样的词汇，包括学术和通俗词汇。
8分：使用准确、丰富和多样的词汇，但对某些词汇有些困难。
7分：使用大量正确的词汇，但缺乏词汇量和多样性。
6分：使用的词汇存在一些错误和冗余，且缺乏多样性。
5分：使用的词汇非常有限，且存在大量错误和冗余。
Grammar：9分：语法使用极为准确和多样，印象深刻。
2023年雅思阅读真题的6种段落结构整理
2023年雅思阅读真题的6种段落结构整理雅思阅读真题的6种段落结构明白雅思阅读文章的段落结构对于雅思阅读题目的解答关心特别大,由于大家知道了文章结构就可以到相应的部分去查找阅读题目的答案,特别省时省力.下面我就与大家共享雅思阅读文章的6种段落结构,供大家参考.雅思阅读真题的6种段落结构一般的段落结构可概括为六种：一.总分段落.一般其次句话有for example/for instance之类举例关系词时, 那么可以断定第一句为中心句.如剑3T2section C段落可说明此问题.这种文章结构在雅思阅读文章中是最常见的一种.二.总分总段落.这种段落就是在总分结构段落最终加一个总结句.如剑3T1P3就是这种段落,通过分析此段中心句仍是第一句.这种文章结构和上面的结构一样,在雅思阅读文章中也是最常见的一种.三.分总段落.这种段落把主题句放在了最终.如《剑桥高校老样题》P2Q12中心句为最终一句This is a purely person-skills match approach to selection.这是个下定义句型,一般下定义的句型(A is B, A is defined as.,A is called, The definition of A is .)我们可以看之为中心句,这种方法在剑2T1P2B段和E段都有体现.这种段落结构而后上面的两种不一样,这种结构的消失并不多.四.分总分段落.即在分总的基础上连续分述某些详细内容,参见剑3T1P3Q3.五.对比段落结构.此种段落的特征为段落中间方向发生转变(如转折),因此,假如段落当中消失but, however, while之类转折词,转折后面是重点,可作为中心句的位置.如剑6T2P1B段.这种段落结构在雅思阅读文章结构中是以说明性的科技文章比较多.六.并列段落结构.几个共同的例子说明同样的问题.如剑2T3P3A 段.以上6雅思文章的段落结构都是一些特别常见的段落结构形式,但是大家想要把握这些结构还是需要经过多次的雅思阅读文章的练习才能达到的.雅思阅读：高效提分必需把握的三大技巧雅思阅读单词要求多少? 7000-8000!什么?我四级都没过，2000都觉得多，坑爹了这是!小盆友们不要急，的确，阅读是四门课中对单词量要求最高的科目，但是要求的质是最低的，只要能明白个也许即可。
雅思语法之后置定语在雅思阅读中的考点
雅思语法之后置定语在雅思阅读中的考点后置定语是英语法中修饰名词的修饰语，因位置在所修饰的名词后，所以叫后置定语。
比如：the girl dancing with Tom’s brother中dancing with Tom’s brother修饰前面的girl，翻译为与Tom哥哥跳舞的女孩，是后置定语。
当然可以做后置定语的成分很多，但在雅思阅读考试中必考的是非谓语动词做后置定语的形式。
非谓语动词主要由三种形式，现在分词doing、过去分词done和不定式to do，考试中尤其以现在分词考察的最多。
1. 现在分词短语作后置定语现在分词用作后置定语通常表示这个分词的逻辑主语和它是一种主动的主谓关系，但由于句中已经有了谓语，所以在这种情况下只能用非谓语动词中的现在分词的形式来表示，比如例句1-4。
例句1: C5T2P1 第六段中Sharp corners proved impractical and were thus avoided, giving rise to the smooth, “streamlined”style popular in the 1930s.句中的giving是非谓语动词，与主句的主语sharp concerns构成主动关系，由sharp corners发出give这个动作。
例句2: C6T1P3 F段中With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task.第二句中的having是非谓语动词，与句子主语they构成主动关系，they指代第1句的the Inuit ，由they发出have这个动作。
【小站教育】语法实例讲解 雅思阅读长难句轻松一波带走
语法实例讲解雅思阅读长难句轻松一波带走虽然雅思考试中的阅读科目往往被看作最有技巧而言，技巧解题的表现，往往在课堂上，学生们可以把题目解答出来，但是当你要求学生要去精读句子的时候，理解整句话的意思时候，考生开始出现吭哧吭哧的状态。
雅思考试即便拿到了想要的分数，但是这并不意味着烤鸭们拿到分数后就觉得万事大吉。
你还有很多需要学习的。
一. 了解英语里的句子类型英语句子的基本类型有简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句：句子中只有一套主谓结构的叫简单句。
比如(剑桥5，Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas. )这句话中只有一套主谓结构，主语是wilderness toursim，谓语动词是operates。
并列句：句子中有两套或者两套以上主谓结构，并且这些主谓结构之间属于并列关系。
比如 (剑桥7， The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. )这句话中有4套主谓结构，分别是Hanshin earthquake killed, Hanshin earthquake toppled, Hanshin earthquake flattened and Hanshin earthquakedevastated。
因为这4个谓语动词共用一个主语Hanshin earthquake,所以作者在写这个句子的时候只让Hanshin earthquake出现一次。
复合句：其实也就是通常说的主从句结构。
这样的句子里有两套或两套以上主谓结构，并且这些主谓结构之间属于从属关系。
剑桥阅读的阅读中有太多这样的例子。
雅思阅读语法1__it句型
2019/12/3
• 2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada. • A. that B. when C. since D. as • 答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若
2019/12/3
It 作形式主语
代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit . It is easy to become addicted to smoking . it is no good crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)
3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有： announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：
• It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. • It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
• It’s very kind of you to help me with the work. =You are kind to help me.
72句长难句横扫雅思阅读--老师用
1. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes----about the duration of a normal classroom period.语法点：1. which引导的定语从句修饰illustration, to因为relate to搭配2. that引导同位语从句，解释说明estimate ，作用相当于破折号3. 破折号对every forty minutes解释说明2. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification.语法点：1. not…but…不是…而是2. a framework中间的三个形容词是并列关系3. making it…….是现在分词做结果状语，其中it指代framework4. which引导的非限定性定语从句，指代component ideas5. robust but also accessible 修饰it 和component ideas，插入语前后连接3. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact.语法点：1. 该长句由and连接的两个简单句2. remark on 表示评论的意思，responsiveness to来自respond to搭配3. 括号里的句子对species举例说明4. Evidently, however, the blind not only figured out meanings for each line of motion, but asa group they generally came up with the same meaning at least as frequently as did sighted subjects.语法点：1. not only…but （also）…的句式2. came up with the same meaning 等同于have consensus on sth…… 在某方面达成一致3. as…as…表示比较，盲人和正常人在达成共识的频率上保持一致5. Never before has the planet’s linguistic diversity shrunk at such a peace.语法点：倒装结构-通常来讲，句首有否定词或否定短语的时候，句子要倒装。
雅思阅读语法11--分词作状语
分词的语态 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。 e.g.: He is the man giving you the money. （= who gave you…）他就是给你钱的那个人。 He is the man stopped by the car. （= who was stopped by…）他就是那个被车拦住的 人。
3. “Can’t you read?” Mary saidA _______ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily point
D. and angrily pointing
现在分词作伴随状语
4. ____ C a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 作原因状语 A 5.______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
4) 表结果 表结果时，一般放在句末，否则意义会不同 比较： Finding he was absent, I went home. (表时间) I went home, finding he was absent. （表结果）
Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。 making it the most popular song The song is sung all over the country,__________________________.
雅思阅读填空题技巧之词性
1.词性
N+Vt+N Prep+V-ing
Be+V-ed/V-ingVi+prep
to+VV+adv
2.时态tense+语态mood
时态根据上下文判断
被动语态主要看动词前有无be动词，be+v-ed+by
III.形容词adj
1．词性
Adj+N Be+adj
More+adj(多音节)Adv+adj
雅思阅读填空题技巧之
如何依据上下文正确判断填空题所填单词或词组的词性？？
注：下划线表示所填的单词
I.名词;NBe+N
Adj+NPrep+N
Quantifier(量词)+NNumber(数词)+N
Pron(代词this/such)+ NArticle(冠词)+N
形容词性物主代词（his/our）+N
3.是否有比较级或最高级
比较级后一般会跟有than
The+最高级+in/of/among+范围名词
2.单复数
Singular单数
Plural复数
单+is/was +单
a/this/that+单
much/a great deal+不可数单数
单+三单动词
单+as +单
复+are/were+复
these/those+复
量词+复
数词+复
复+原型动词
复+as+复
雅思阅读语法10--with和without的复合结构
(２）作原因状语 With the key lost, she could not enter the room.
=As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.
(3)作条件状语 With time permitting, we`ll visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits, we`ll visit the Summer Palace.
4.他们建立了一支足球队，汤姆当队长。
They set up a football team, with Tom their head.
5. 那个小偷被带进来，双手被绑在后面。
The thief was brought in, with his hands tied back.
6. 因为有太多的作业要做，所以我们不能出 去玩。
5.充当定语
The road with fruit trees planted on both sides leads to the mountain village.
两边果树的那条路通向那个山村。 The room with lights on is our class-room .
开着灯的那个教室是我们的。
父母不在，汤姆变得更淘气。
2. with + 宾语 + 形容词 With the door and windows open wide, the room was very cold. 门窗大开，屋内很冷。
With her parents dead, the girl had to left school. 她父母死了，那女孩只好辍学。
雅#思阅读语法方面三大注意事项
雅思阅读语法方面三大注意事项雅思阅读测试就像一团大线球，只要你找到线头，一切就迎刃而解。
然后，这个线头在哪里呢？想在雅思阅读中得到一个比较良好的成绩，考生需要具备哪几方面的硬件呢？1. 词汇；不管是在雅思阅读还是托福阅读，考查语言水平的一个基本方面就是词汇。
而在雅思阅读当中，考生不仅仅需要一定量的词汇，而且在注重词汇的多样性，即同意转化。
特别是考生在记一些雅思考试的高频词汇的时候，就更强调这个词相对应的英文同义词。
总所周知，中英是有差异的。
2. 语法；语法和词汇一样是考查语言水平的一个基本方面。
然后这个方面在雅思阅读考试中相对比较重要。
3. 题型；雅思的题型当然也就是雅思阅读的最重要的特点。
考生只有熟知各个题型的特点，换句话说，考生只有了解游戏规则，才能成为最后的赢家。
雅思阅读的语法方面到底要注意哪几个方面呢？一．长句的处理总所周知，雅思阅读的三篇文章都比较长，而且单词也相对比较难。
然后最让考生头痛的就是几乎一半以上的句子都是长句。
而所谓的对长句的处理就是指能清楚地知道这个长句的主干在是什么呢，基本上指的就是这个长句的主谓宾或主谓表是什么。
这样的话，就大大减轻了考生的负担和压力。
因为主干的单词往往都相对而言比较简单，并且，主干上的意思基本上就是作者的要表达的意义。
当然，还有一个点是能弄懂长句的比较有立竿见影的好处就是出题者的出题特点。
我们先来看几个例子1. 题目：Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion……(C3T2P2)A reduced the productivity of farmland by20 per centB was almost as severe as in India and ChinaC was causing significant damage to 20 per cent of farmlandD could be reduced by converting cultivated land to meadow or forest原文：The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil’s productivity.很明显，原文是一个长句，而对于长句的处理就是找出主干，我们可以看出来，这个句子的主干是The United States discovered in 1982 that aboutone-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil。
雅思阅读语法名词性从句
一
主语从句
No 东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结报告
Image Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie
在复合句中充当主语的从句
1 that引导主语从句
that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词;既无词义也不作成分;
只起单纯的连接作用;且通常不可以省; 为了强调that引导的主
The odds are that he will not do it
2表示某人的意见 信念等的实际内容; Our belief is that things will improve The trouble is that we are short of money
2 whether引导表语从句不可用if; His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet The question is whether people will buy it
No 东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结报告
2 whether引导主语从句;意为是否;只起连接作用;不充当任何成分; 置于 Image Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie 句首时必须用whether引导;置于句尾时;间或可用if; Whether he will win the game is not clear Whether he will come is uncertain Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me It is not clear whether/if he will come It was uncertain whether he would come
雅思阅读语法6--定语从句
Keys
1.工业化国家的这项指标从8.3年上升到10.2年，这表明工业化国 家的受教育年限明显加长了。 2.我想跟你谈谈一位特殊的老师，他对我的教育产生了重大影响。 3.过了一段时间，世界的生产转向其价值与大小和重量没有关系的 货物。 4.对于那些工作安稳的人来说，加薪几乎是不可能的。
填空
1. There are lots of business people ___ come to China to work and do business. (剑3,T3,S)
判断改错： （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
Keys
This is a time when adequate food resources will be assured. In Beijing there are some famous teahouses where you can sit and drink tea. One of the major reasons why this change has happened is the increased influence of TV.
He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
雅思阅读语法5--不定式(二)
2014-2-28
3. had better "最好" 后的不定式符号to要省略。例如： we had better start now. 我们最好立即动身。 you had better not talk in class. 你最好别在课堂上说话。 4. would rather,rather than后的不定式符号to要省略。例如： We would rather stay at home. 我们宁可呆在家里。 He prefers to drink some water rather than drink a coffee. 他宁可喝些水，也不愿喝一杯咖啡。
2014-2-28
2） 当too...to结构当中too的前面有only, all, but时，则是 肯定含义。· 意思是：非常… 等于very。例如： • I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。 • He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
2014-2-28
• • • • • • • • • • •
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
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一各类句式结构“分”崩离“析”
雅思阅读之所以成为广大考生高分征途中的拦路虎，原因有三：一是文章长度长（三篇文章的总长度在2000到2750词之间）；二是学术性强；三是生词多。
学术性强也就意味着考生不仅要对付各个学术领域内的专业术语，还要努力肢解灵活多变的句式结构，从复杂的信息群中挖掘出解题关键点。
解题关键句往往是结构复杂的长难句，要想实现“真正理解”，除了注意“日积月累”词汇量之外，还要掌握扎实的句法结构知识。
接下来的章节将围绕可能造成广大考生理解障碍的句式结构，结合具体的实例，教会大家如何化翻为简，以最快的速度定位关键信息。
所有句子的主干均以加彩和加粗的方式呈现。
（一）结构复杂的简单句
这类句子的简单就体现在它们只包含一个主谓结构，而“复杂”则表现在句子的成分多由对考生容易造成困扰的动名词短语、分词短语或不定式短语充当。
在分析这类句型时，考生一定要牢记一条原则：千万不要把动名词短语、分词短语或不定式短语当作谓语来对待。
1.Preserving a language is more like preserving fruits in a jar. (主系表结构)
2.In Singapore, renting out road space to users is the way of the future.
3.Reconciling such kind of interest conflicts is not easy.
4.In other words, seeing large pupils gives rise to larger pupils.（主谓宾结构）
Pupil 瞳孔；学生give rise to 引发，使发生
5.By setting on all the colleges’ boards and committees and by joining with NUS nationally, the
Students’Union aims to represent your interests as student, fighting for your rights and welfare.
NUS 全国学生联合会
Represent 代表
Fight for 为……而斗争
6.For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than
those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains.（主系表结构）
Inhabit vt. 生活在；居住在
Turbid adj. 浑浊的
7．The newspapers produced by the WSPU, first Votes for Women and later The Suffragette, played a vital role in this communication. （主谓宾结构）
Suffragette n. 妇女参政论者。