英语国家概况余志远版复习资料.doc.doc
余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）复习笔记和课后习题详解（第7章英国政治——第9章美国地理）
余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）复习笔记和课后习题详解（第7章英国政治——第9章美国地理）第7章英国政治7.1 复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ. Constitutional FrameworkⅡ. Parliament1. The Crown or Sovereign2. The House of Lords3. The House of Commons4. The Prime Minister and the CabinetⅢ. Regional GovernmentⅣ. Local GovernmentⅤ. JusticeⅥ. Political Process1. Elections2. Two-part System3. Female Representation in Britain PoliticsⅦ. Security【重难点归纳】The UK is a state of constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. In theUK, the country’s head of state is the reigning king or queen, and the head of government is the prime minister, who is the leader of the majority political party in the House of Commons.英国是⼀个君主⽴宪制和议会民主制国家。
在英国，国家元⾸是在位的国王或⼥王，政府⾸脑是⾸相，他是下议院多数党领袖。
Ⅰ. Constitutional Framework1. The British constitution is made up of statute law, common law and conventions.2. The main elements of the government are the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.Ⅰ. 宪法框架1. 英国宪法由成⽂法、普通法和公约组成。
英语国家概况复习资料.doc
Materials for term examination.I.名词解释：i. Magna CartaThis is a medieval Latin name meaning "Great Charter". In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant then a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.2.The Great CouncilIn medieval times, this referred to a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. By the 13th century, representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. This was the beginning of what we know as Parliament today.3.the Bill of Rights of 1689In 1688, King James Il's daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect therights of Parliament. After this Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.4.the House of LordsThe House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.5.the House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.6.Margaret ThatcherShe came into power as Britain's first woman Prime Minister in 1979 when her Conservative party won the general election. She advocated the idea of small governmentand free-market economics. During her term as the Prime Minister, she carried out policies to privatize the nationalized industry and to cut tax rates. As a result, many businesses boomed but unemployment rate increased. She was later replaced by John Major in 1990.7.William ShakespeareHe was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. He worte 37 plays. His plays fall into three categories: (1) Historical plays like Charles II; (2) Comedies such as Merchant of Venice and (3) Tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet. Macbeth, Hamlet, King Lear, and Othello are his four most famous tragedies.,8.The Romantic MovementThe Romantic Movement started at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. The spirit of Romanticism places emphasis on nature, originality, the emotional and personal. The great poets of this movement are Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth. Jane Austen and the Bronte sisters are among the famous Romantic novelists. Theirwritings are characterized by rich imaginations and strong feelings.9.ModernismModernism in literature began before the Second World War (1939-1945). Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century form, which can be considered as assuming understanding between writer and reader. This approach to writing is called ''realism". However, modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Modernist writing seems disorganized and hard to understand. One of the most famous English Modernist writers is Virginia Woolf10.grammar schoolsIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called "the 11-plus". Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.11.NATOThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization was set up in 1949. The Berilin blockade by former Soviet Union made the Western European countries feel the need for closer relations and cooperation with the United States. Then on April 4, 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty was signed , provided that an attack on any of the parties to the treaty would be regarded as an attack on all, and force, if necessary, would be used to restore and maintain peace and security. It marked the beginning of US efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.12.OxbridgeOxbridge refers to the two top universities in Britain: Oxford and Cambridge. These two universities not only offer good education, but also offer a network of connections. Graduates from these universities occupy a high proportion of the top level of many aspects of British society.You should summarize the explanation for the following terms, (refer to the book and my ppt)13.The Boston Tea Party14.the Declaration of Independence is. the Emancipation ProclamationDuring the Civil war, Lincoln issued the EmancipationProclamation to get more support for the Union at home andabroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.16.The Great Depression17.the isolationistis. the Cold War19.the Truman DoctrineOn March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward theTruman Doctrine in a speech to the joint session of Congress.The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. governmentwould support any country which said it was fighting againstCommunism.20.McCarthyism21.the New Deal-It was put forward by American President Roosevelt whowanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression atthat time. It passed a lot of New deal laws and set up some efficial social security systems. The New Deal helped to "save American democreacy,, and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of thecapitalist system up to that time.22.the American Constitution23.the Bill of RightsIn 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.24.Checks and balancesThe government is divided into three branches, th e legislative, the executive and the judicial, each has part of the powers but not all the power. And eac h branch of government can check, or block, the act ions of the otherbranches. The three branches are t hus in balance. This called "checks and balances".25.Montgomery bus boycottII.Short-answer Questions:1.What are the foundations of British foreign policy? How about its relationship with the US since the Second World War?2.How did the US become a country with a territory of about 9,32million square kilometers from the initial period about 900 thousand square kilometers?3.Give a brief account of the American foreign policy in the post-war period, and the relations between China and the US at that period.4.what are the functions of the queen一the symbolic head of the state of the UK?5.What is the general view of Americans on education?6.What are some of the characteristics of American education?------ (1) Formal education in the United States consists ofelementary, secondary and higher education.(2)Public educations is free and compulsory.(3)Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.7.What do you know about the English Renaissance?----- Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th century and spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature was vigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them; (4) English Renaissance literature is chiefly artistic, rather than philosophical and scholarly; (5) the Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.The English Renaissance was largely literary, and achieved its finest expression_r in the so-called Elizabethan drama. Its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare.8. Tell briefly the history of the two-party system in the United States.9.What is the Congress composed of? What are the functions of the Congress?10.What role does the community college paly? Why is it important in American higher education?11.What are some of the problems associated with American education today?12.What is the "Lost Generation"? Why is Hemingway considered an important writer in the 20th century?13.Why did the Civil War break out? How did the war end?----- In the early 1800s, the Northern states turned from farming to manufacturing. Black slavery soon disappeared in the North. But things were different in the South. The South expanded both its agriculture and its slavery. The problem of slavery became a serous political issue. The abolitionists tried to abolish slavery while the South tried to keep it. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern statesbroke away and formed a new nation. Then Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union and the war broke out on April 12, 1861, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued Emancipation Proclamation. Thus England and France stood by the Union's side. Many black slaves joined the Union Army.After a series of battles, Robert Lee could no longer hold Richmond. He surrendered on April 9, 1865. The Civil War ended.14.What is the significance of the War of 1812?15.What was the UK's colonial expansion like during the 19th century?16.Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?------ T he early settlers came to America either for the opportunity to realize their dreams and better their lives or for the freedom from religious and governmental persecution. The Pilgrims were persons who suffered religious persecution in England and went to Holland and later moved to Americain 1620. The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England. Dissatisfied and threatened in England, they saw America as a refuge and migrated to America since 1630. There were a number of features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development. They were: representative form, of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.17.What was the impact of the Vietnam War-on American society?----- T he Vietnam War had a great impact on American society.(1)The United States was weakened as a result of the long war.(2)American society had never been so divided since the Civil War.(3)There was serious disagreement with in the ruling circle.(4)The image of the United States, especially the image of the American armed forces, was discredited.18.What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest? ----- T he Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about manyconsequences.William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.19.What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?----- A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty's Government ----- a body of Ministers who are the leadingmembers of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament.The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the Houseof Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.20.How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed? ----- The Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. It's characterized by a series of inventions and improvements of machines, such as John Ray's flying shuttle, James Hargreaves5 spinning Jenny, Richard Arkwright's waterframe, and Samuel Cropton5s mule. The Scottish inventor James Watt produced a very efficient steam engine in 1765, which could be applied to textile and other machinery. The most important element in speeding industrialization was the breakthrough in smelting iron with coke instead of charcoal in 1709. Similar developments occurred in the forging side of the iron industry which enabled iron to replace wool and stone in many sectors of the economy. Improved transporation ran parallel with production.As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the 4"workshop of the world,,; no other country could compete with her in industrial production.。
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料
UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。
余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国 向现代时期的过渡)【圣才】
第4章向现代时期的过渡4.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Transition to the Modern Age (1455—1485)Ⅱ. The English ReformationⅢ. Elizabeth Ⅰ (1558—1603)1. Elizabeth and Parliament2. Elizabeth’s Religious Reform3. Elizabeth’s Foreign PolicyⅣ. The English RenaissanceⅤ. James Ⅰ (1603—1625) and the ParliamentⅥ. Charles Ⅰ (1625—1649) and the ParliamentⅦ. The Civil WarsⅧ. The Commonwealth (1649—1660)Ⅸ. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution of 1688Ⅰ. Transition to the Modern Age (1455—1485)1. The name Wars of the Roses as a series of wars between House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. After the war, the great medievalnobility was much weakened and discredited. The king’s power now became supreme.2. Henry Tudor became Henry Ⅶ (1485—1509). He gave England very firm rule. Ⅰ. 向现代时期的过渡(1455—1485)1. 玫瑰战争指的是兰开斯特王朝和约克王朝之间从1455年到1485年的一系列战争。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)复习笔记和课后习题详解(第13章 美国历史(Ⅲ)(1945至今
第13章美国历史（Ⅲ）（1945至今）13.1 复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ. The Origins of the Cold WarⅡ. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall PlanⅢ. The Berlin blockade and the Founding of the NATOⅣ. U.S. Support of Chiang Kaishek and the Korean WarⅤ. McCarthyismⅥ. The Civil Rights Movement in the 1950sⅦ. American Society during the Postwar Boom: 1945—1960s Ⅷ. The Cuban Missile CrisisⅨ. The Vietnam WarⅩ. United States’Relations with ChinaⅪ. Reagan Administration (1981—1989)1. Domestic Affairs2. Foreign Affairs3. Other Events of the Reagan YearsⅫ. George H. W. Bush Administration (1989—1993)ⅩⅢ. The World’s Sole Superpower (1992 to Present)1. Domestic Affairs in the Bush Years2. Clinton Administration (1993—2001)3. George W. Bush Administration (2001—2009)4. Barack Obama Administration (2009—2017)【重难点归纳】Ⅰ. The Origins of the Cold War1. When the Second World War finally ended in September 1945, the clash of interests between America and the Soviet Union became clear.2. On February 22, 1946, George Kennan, wrote in the telegram that the U.S. policy should be “a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.”Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union until 1989.Ⅰ. 冷战的起源1. 1945年9月，第二次世界大战忠于结束了，美国和苏联之间的利益冲突越来越明显。
余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(今天的新西兰)【圣才出品】
第34章今天的新西兰34.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. The Political System1. The Parliament2. The executive3. The judiciary4. Local governmentⅡ. Characteristics of New Zealand PeopleⅢ. Health Care1. Health2. Dental health3. Public health and children4. WelfareⅣ. Education1. Early childhood education2. Primary education3. Secondary education4. Rural education5. T ertiary educationⅤ. The International Marketplace1. Exports2. Imports3. Agriculture4. Crops and horticulture5. Industry6. EnergyⅥ. Culture and the ArtsⅦ. New Zealand and the WorldⅠ. The Political System(1) There is no written constitution.(2) It is contained in a large number of parliamentary statutes (laws), judiciary (court)rulings, and administrative practices.(3) New Zealand is a sovereign independent state, with a parliamentarygovernment and a constitutional monarchy.(4) Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis Queen of New Zealand as well as Britain. She isrepresented in New Zealand by the Governor-General.(5) The present Governor-General is a woman, Dame Kath Tizzard.(6) The Governor-General has very little real power, but provides continuity whengovernments change and has an important national role as representative of the monarch.Ⅰ. 政治体系(1) 新西兰没有成文宪法。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)复习笔记和课后习题详解(第15章 美国政治)【圣才出品】
第15章美国政治15.1复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ.The U.S.Constitution1.The Federal system2.Separation of powers:checks and balances3.Provisions for amendment4.Bill of RightsⅡ.The Legislative Branch1.A Two-chamber Congress2.The House of Representatives3.Senate4.Functions of the CongressⅢ.The Executive BranchⅣ.The Judicial Branch1.The Supreme Court2.Courts of Appeals and District CourtsⅤ.State GovernmentⅥ.Local Government【重难点归纳】Ⅰ.The U.S.ConstitutionThe American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.It was drawn up in1787and went into effect in1789.Ⅰ.美国宪法美国宪法是世界上最古老的成文宪法。
1787年制定，1789年生效。
1.The Federal systemThe Constitution set up a federal system of government which has two layers of rule.There is federal government.There are also state and local governments.1.联邦系统宪法规定了具有两层规则的联邦政府系统，包括联邦政府与州和地方政府。
2.Separation of powers:checks and balancesThe government is divided into three branches,the legislative,the executive and the judicial.And each branch can check the actions of the other branches.The three branches are thus in balance.This is called“checks and balances”.2.三权分立，相互制衡政府分为三个分支机构，即立法，行政和司法。
余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(澳大利亚 政府和政策)【圣才出品】
第31章政府和政策31.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. The ConstitutionⅡ. Parliament1. The Governor-General2. The House of Representatives3. The Executive4. The Senate5. State Parliaments6. Local GovernmentⅢ. Political Parties1. The Australian Labor Party2. The Liberal Party of Australia3. The National Party of Australia4. The Australian DemocratsⅣ. The JudiciaryBackgroundsThe Commonwealth of Australia is a federation. It came into being on January 1,1901 when the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act was enacted by the British Parliament.The Australian federation has a three-tier system of government: the federal parliament and government, six State parliaments and governments, and about 900 local governments at the city, town, municipal and shire level.The powers of the federal parliament are defined in a written Constitution. Australia is independent but still has constitutional links with Britain.Britain’s monarch is also formally Australia’s and is represented in Australia by the Governor-General and six State governors. They are head of state and formally chief executive.Apart from the federal system, the Constitution and Parliament, government of Australia is also carried out through other political institutions. They include the High Court, Cabinet, political parties, elections and the public service.The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the British and American models. There are also some significant Australian variations.背景1901年1月1日澳大利亚联邦宪法法案由英国议会颁布，澳大利亚联邦政府成立。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)笔记和课后习题详解资料
余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）笔记和课后习题详解关注薇公号-精研学习网-查找资料本书是余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）教材的学习辅导书，主要包括以下内容：1．整理名校笔记，浓缩内容精华。
在参考了国内外名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记基础上，复习笔记部分对该章的重难点进行了整理，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了该教材的知识精华。
2．解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。
本书参考了该教材的国内外配套资料和其他教材的相关知识对该教材的课（章）后习题进行了详细的分析和解答，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。
本书提供电子书及打印版，方便对照复习。
第一部分英国第1章国土与人民1.1复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ.Geographical Features1.The UK’s Geographical Location and Its Size2.Rivers and LakesⅡ.Climate1.A Maritime Climate2.Factors Which Influence the Climate3.RainfallⅢ.Plant and Animal Life1.Plant Life2.Animal Life1.Ethnic Groupsnguages3.Religion4.Urbanization5.Population Growth6.Migration Patterns【重难点归纳】1.Great Britain is made up of England,Scotland,and Wales.Together with Northern Ireland, it forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2.The total population of the UK was around63million,which is the third-largest in the European Union and the22nd-largest in the world.3.The UK is a developed country with considerable economic,cultural,military,scientific and political influence internationally.4.The UK’s capital is London,and it has other major cities including,Birmingham,Liverpool, and Manchester in England and so on.1.大不列颠由英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成。
英语国家概况余志远版复习资料
英语国家概况余志远版复习资料英语国家概况（按新考纲整理的余志远版本完整版）英国部分1. What is the full name of the United Kingdom?It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. What are the two large island that make up the British Isles?They are Great Britain and Ireland.3. What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.4. Why does the United Kingdom have a mild climate, even though it lies farther north than our Heilongjiang Province?Because Britain?s climat e is influenced by the Gulf Stream.5. How many metropolitan areas does England have?England has seven metropolitan areas.6. What is the backbone of England?It is the Pennines.7. What is the largest lake in the British Isles?It is Lough Neagh.8. From what languages is English derived?England is mainly derived from the Anglo-Saxon and Norman-French languages.9. What is an eisteddfod?An eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of poetry, music and other arts.10. What have the Scottish people been famous for?The Scottish people have been famous for their close-knit clans, colorful plaid kilts, and skill as fierce warriors.11. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?Britain was under the Roman occupation for nearly 400 years.12. Why was the Roman impact upon the Britons surprisingly limited?The Roman impact on the Britons was surprisingly limited because the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class and they never intermarried with the native Britons.13. When did the Anglo-Saxons begin to settle in Britain?The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century.14. When did England begin to be Christianized?England began to be Christianized in 579.15. What was the result of the Synod of Whitby in Yorkshire in 664?The result of the Synod of Whitby was that the Roman missionaries gained the upper hand over the Celtic missionaries.16. What was Harold doing when he was informed of the invasion of Northumbria by Tostig and Harold Hardrada?He was in the south preparing to resist the expected attack from Normandy.17. Where did Harold defeat Tostig and Hardrada?Harold defeated Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stanford Bridge.18. By whom was William crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey?William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York.19. What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the north?He built a string of defense castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.20. Was the Norman Conquest the last successful invasion of England?Yes. The Norman Conquest was the last successful invasion of England because England has never been invaded since.21. Why did William I give his barons large estates in England?William I gave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land?s produce.22. What was the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?All landowners, big and small, took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.23. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled?William I had the Domesday Book compiled because he wanted to have a reliable record of all his land, his tenants and their possessions and to discover how much his tenants could be asked to pay by way of taxes.24. What was William I ?s policy towards the church?He wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to uphold its power.25. Why did Henry II make Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury?He thought that Thomas Becket would assist him in carrying out legal reforms.26. What brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury?The exceptional privileges enjoyed by the clergy broughtHenry II into collision with Thomas Becket.27. What are the two aspects of the Norman legacy that contributed to great domestic unrest in England in the 12th and 13th centuries?One was England?s possession of territory in France. The other was Norman adherence to Roman Catholicism.28. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Year?s War who helped the French to drive the English out of France?Joan of Arc.29. When did the government establish rules for the first time to keep down wages?The government established rules for the first time to keep down wages in 1351.30. How many peasant in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard II ?s troops?40,000 peasants in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard II?s troops.31. What were the emblems of the Houses of York and Lancaster?The emblem of the House of York was a white rose and the emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose.32. What was the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England?The Wars of the Roses dealt a death blow to feudalism in England.33. How did Elizabeth I try to avoid troubling Parliament too often for pounds?She tried to avoid troubling Parliament by making strict economies at Court.34. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private?These questions were her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance.35. How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain in friendly relationship with France?She managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France through her marriage alliances which were never materialized.36. When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?Mary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587.37. What did the destruction of the Spanish Armada show?It showe d England?s superiority as a naval power.38. What was the long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot?The long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot has been an annual celebration of November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display is arranged.39. What was Puritanism noted for?It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes.40. What is a constitutional monarchy?A constitutional monarchy is one whose power is limited by Parliament.41. What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century?They stood for a reduction in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers.42. Why did changes in farming methods affect lives of millions in the 18th century?Changes in farming methods affected lives of millions in the 18th century England because village and agriculture were thebackbone of England at that time.43. What did the land owners want to do in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?They w anted to replace the small farms cultivated on the “open-field” system by larger, economically more efficient farms with hedge-divided fields.44. Why was King George III nicknamed “Farmer George”?King George III was nicknamed “Farmer George” becau se he was very enthusiastic about agricultural changes at Winsor.45. What were the two events which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.46. When did the British begin to transport convicts to Australia?The British began to transport convicts to Australia in 1788.47. What was the result of the general strike of 1926?The strike failed. The miners were forced to return to work with longer hours and lower wages even than before. Yet, outside the mining district, the strike seemed to have improved relations between the workers and the middle classes.48. Why d4id Edward VIII abdicate in 1936 after a reign of 10 months?Edward VIII abdicated because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American.49. When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community?Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community in January,1973.50. Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990?It was because of her opposition to European Union and her imposition of an extremely unpopular flat-rate “poll tax” in place of property taxes to pay or local government service.61. Where does the Sovereig n?s coronation take place?The Sovereign?s coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.62. When is the Sovereign?s birthday officially celebrated?It is officially celebrated in June every year.63. What does the Duke of Edinburgh do when the Queen pays state visits to foreign governments?He accompanies her.64. Where does the Queen?s expenditure arising from public duties come from?The Queen?s expenditure arising from public duties comes from the Civil List and government departments.65. What doe s the term “parliament” originally mean?The term “parliament” originally means a meeting for a parley or discussion.66. What is the main function of the House of Lords?The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of law-making.67. What is the Speaker?s task in the House of Commons?His task is to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order.68. How many counties are there in England and Wales?There are 53 counties in England and Wales.69. What are the three island areas where single-tier authorities were introduced in Scotland?They are the Orkneys, the Shetlands and the Western Isles.70. How do local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue?They raise revenue through the council tax.81. Are British people obliged to use the National Health Service?No. They are not obliged to use the service.82. What are services for elderly people aimed at?Services for elderly people are aimed at helping them live at home whenever possible.83. What is the aim of the social security system?The aim of the social security is to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need.84. At what age do men and women generally retire?Men generally retire at the age of 65, and women at the ate of 60.85. What are the two established churches in Britain?They are the Church of England in England and the Church of Scotland in Scotland.86. How many provinces does the Church of England have?The Church of England has two provinces: Canterbury and York.87. When were the first women priests ordained in Britain?They were ordained in March 1994.88. Who founded the Salvation Army in the East of London in 1865?William Booth, a great follower of John Wesley, founded the Salvation Army.89. Where do the people in London go to see the Christmas decorations?They go to Oxford Street, Regent Street and Piccadilly to see the Christmas decorations.90. Why is December 26th called “Boxing Day”?December 26th is called Boxing Day because it was formerly the custom to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants and tradesmen on this day.91. How many kinds of state secondary schools are there in Great Britain?Three. They are grammar school, secondary modern school and comprehensive school.92. When was the Open University founded? When did it begin its first courses?It was founded in 1969, and it began its first courses in 1970.93. Why is the Open University so named?It is so named because it is “open” to all to become students.94. How much money is spent on press advertising every year in Great Britain?About ￡5,100 million.95. How much time do British people spend a day watching television?People spend an average of over three and a half hours a day watching television.96. How are the state-run television channels BBC1 and BBC2 financed?They are financed from the sale of television licences.97. How are independent channels ITV and C4 funded?They are funded entirely by advertising.98. When did the BBC begin to provide regular television broadcasts?The BBC began to provide regular television broadcasts in 1936.99. Which sport is regarded as typically English?Cricket is the most typically English sport.100. What is a “copyright” library?It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of every book published in the United Kingdom.美国部分1. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area?The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.2. What are the two major mountain ranges in the United States?They are the Appalachian Highlands and the Rocky Mountains.3. What is the Continental Divide, or Great Divide?The Continental Divide, or Great Divide, is an imaginary line that separates streams that flow into the Pacific Ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic.4. What are the five Great Lakes of the United States?They are Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior.5. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they?There are seven geographical regions in the United States. They are New England, the Middle Atlantic States, the southern States, the Midwestern States, the Rocky Mountain states, the Southwestern States, and the Pacific Coast States and the New States.6. What states are in New England?New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.7. Apart from Now York City, what other large cites are located in the Middle Atlantic region? Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, and Newark.8. What is the Midwest famous for?The Midwest is famous for its large stretches of fertile soil.9. What states make up the Pacific Coast Region?The region known as the Pacific Coast includes the western parts of Washington and Oregon andnearly all of California.10. What role does tourism play in Hawaii?s economy?Tourism is Hawaii?s most important industry.11. What is the population of the United States? How does it rank in the world?The United States is the third most populous country in the world after China and India, with a population of 267 million (estimated) in April 1997.12. What is the reason for the growth of population in Florida?It is because of its warm climate and convenience in doing business with and traveling to Central and South America.13. Which are the five biggest cities, in terms of population, in the United States?New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia.14. Why are people moving so often in the United States?People often move from one place to another for various reasons: to look for better job opportunity or for better climate or for other goals.15. What are some of the consequences of the outflow of city residents to the suburbs?The movement brings serious consequences to big cities: rising unemployment rate, the increase of the number of poorpeople, the worsening of city living conditions and the fall of government revenues. 16. Which are the three largest groups of Hispanics?The Chicanos, the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.17. Why do many Puerto Ricans go to the United States?They are drawn to the United States by better job opportunities.18. What explanation do experts give for the success of Asian-Americans?The experts attribute the success to Asian cultural tradition: emphasis on education, hard work and family.19. What was the fate of Japanese-Americans in WWII?The Japanese-Americans were taken to relocation centers in isolated parts of the western mountain and plains states and stayed behind barbed wires.20. Can you give an example to show the awakening of American Indians?Many Indians are taking legal steps to demand compensation for land and resources grabbed from them illegally.21. What is one of the explanations of how the early Indians came to the Americans?One of the explanations is the Indians crossed from Asia on the landbridge that connected Siberia and Alaska.22. How did the Plymouth settlers manage to survive?The neighboring Indians came to teach them how to grow corn and they succeeded in having a good harvest.23. In what way were the Puritans different from the Pilgrims?The Pilgrims were mostly poor, labouring people while the Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen.24. Did the War of Independence start with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence?No. It started when clashes took place at Concord and Lexington.25. What was the chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation?The chief weakness was the document failed to set up a government that could function.26. What was the significance of the adoption of the Bill of Rights?The adoption of the Bill of Rights in addition to the Constitution completed the foundation of the American constitutional system.27. Why did American territorial expansion threaten British interest?Because some Americans wanted to take advantage of the war in Europe to expand into Canada. This ran counter to British interest.28. What was the Compromise of 1850?The Compromise of 1850 was an arrangement which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate.29. Why did the Civil War break out?The Civil War broke out because the southern states left the Union and formed a new nation but president Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union.30. How did the government help in the development of American economy?The government carried out the policy of trade protectionism.31. What were the three features in the growth of Americaneconomy at the beginning of the 20th century?Large corporation, urbanization and new technology were the three features.32. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement?The basic demand was government regulation of economic and social conditions.33. Why did the United States pursue a policy of pro-Ally partiality in the early part of WWI? Because of ethnic ties, cultural tradition, social background, economic interests and successful British propaganda, the U.S. government pursued such a policy.34. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war?The immediate causes were Germany?s unlimited submarine warfare and Germany?s attempt to get Mexico into the war against the United States.35. What government policies in the 1920s helped big business?The policies of tariff protection, favorable tax rates and little government restrictions contributed to high profits of big businesses.36. How did many Americans view their country after WWI?They believed that American political, economic and social institutions were the best in the world. 37. What was the experience of WWI veterans demanding payment of bonuses in Washington D.C. in 1932?They were driven out of the capital by military force directed by General McArthur.38. What were some of the personal characteristics of F.D.R. that helped him in doing his work as president?He had a sure sense of what was practical or possible, a strong sense of timing and was a great communicator.39. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in WWII?The first was to win the war; the second was to bring the Soviet Union into a postwar world order under American leadership.40. What was the basic reason for the postponement of the opening of the Second Front?It was a reflection of the desire of not letting the Soviet Union expand into eastern and central Europe too quickly.41. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital.42. What was the theory put forward by the Soviet Union in around 1946?There could be no long-term peaceful co-existence between socialism and capitalism.43. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948?The Soviet Union cut off Western routes to West Berlin.44. What decision did President Truman make to deal with the Berlin crisis?He decided to mobilize all possible American cargo planes to airlift supplies into West Berlin.45. What effect did the Berlin blockade have on the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones?it pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States because they were grateful for American airlifts.46. What measure did the United States take in the CubanMissile Crisis?The United States introduced a naval blockade around Cuba and demanded the dismantlement and withdrawal of the missiles from Cuba.47. Did the allies of the United States give their full support to the U.S. in the Vietnam War?No , some criticized the United States for escalation of the war, some refused to support American war efforts.48. What is the significance of the Shanghai Communique?The key thing is American commitment to a one China policy.49. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?The Act outlawed racial discrimination in housing and employment.50. What is the Port Huron Statement about?The Port Huron Statement was the platform of the Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) which condemned racism, poverty amidst plenty, big corporations and the Cold War.51. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in the total value of its economic production?The United States ranks first among the countries of the world in the value of its economic production.52. What kind of system is the United States economy based on?The United States economy is based on a free enterprise system.53. What are the factors that have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today? The United States has one of the world?s most varied populations, and the vast space and resources of the land, the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity, and hard work by the people have helped build theUnited States into the economic giant it is today.54. What are the major natural resources in the United States?Fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals are the major natural resources in the United States.55. What are some of the leading farm products in the United States?They are corn, wheat, beef cattle, milk, soybeans, cotton, chickens and eggs, and hogs.56. What has helped make U.S farms the most efficient in the world?The use of modern farm machinery and agricultural methods has helped make U.S. farms the most efficient in the world.57. What areas have long been major U.S centers of manufacturing?The Midwest and Northeast.58. How does California rank among the states in the value of its manufactured goods?California ranks first among the states in the value of its manufactured goods.59. What are the problems the U.S economy has faced form time to time?They are recessions, depressions and inflation.60. Why is the poverty rate higher in the United States than in several other industrialized nations, including Canada, Australia, and Germany?Because they have more generous social programs for the poor and a higher minimum wage than the United States.61. What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and for political stability, economicgrowth and social progress in the United States.62. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?The weaknesses were: there was no national executive to enforce the laws and there was no national court system and Congress had no power to tax, nor to regulate trade between states.63. What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguards?They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances.64. What are the three branches of the government?They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial.65. How is the American president elected?The voters vote for the electors and the electors vote for the president. But as soon as the votes of the voters are counted the number of electors for each candidate is known and who has won the election is known.66. According to the Constitution, what judicial power does the President have?He has the power to give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.67. How are the two chambers of Congress made up?The Senate is composed of two members from each state, with a total number of 100 while membership in the House of Representatives is based on population. Currently the House has 435 members.68. What are the two special powers of the Senate?One is to confirm presidential appointments and the other is to ratify treaties by a tow-thirds vote. 69. What is the compositionof the federal court system?The federal court system consists of a supreme court, 11 courts of appeals, 91 district courts ( including one for the District of Columbia and one for Puerto Rico ) and three courts of special jurisdiction. 70. What is the cause for the decline of the influence of political parties?The near destruction of the patronage system and the wide use of direct primaries in the selection of delegates to the party national conventions contribute to the decline of the influence of political parties.71. Is there any single sex educational institution in the U.S.?Yes, there are quite a number.72. Why is it that responsibility for education fall on the state?Because it is laid down in the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.73. Why are there many variations in the education system of the 50 states?Because each state is expected to develop policies for the education within its boundary.74. Who is the chief executive officer under the local board of education?The superintendent of schools.75. What are the three types of high schools?They are comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools.76. Why does the number of graduate school enrollment keep climbing?Because an advanced degree is viewed as a major way to move ahead in the career.77. What are the fields favored by postgraduates?Those fields that would not only make students easily employed but would provide them with rewarding jobs.78. What is the guiding principle of community college?It is higher education for everyone and the philosophy that equality must mena equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual difference.79. What are the two focuses of the reform in the 1980s?They are the raising of the standards of teaching and learning and the restructuring of the schools. 80. A re the goals set out in the plan “America 2000” easy to achieve?No, they are very difficult to achieve.81. Who were the writers of the first American writings?They were the first settlers.82. How does the story “Rip Van Winkle” end?When the story ends, Rip Van Winkle?s fierce wife is dead and he lives happily with his daughter. 83. What is Emerson?s view of man and nature?He holds that man?s relationship with nature should not be confined to making use of nature.84. Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism?Because it glorified absolute individualism without any regard for social impact.85. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?He wants to show the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people.86. What does “leaf of grass” stand for?It stands for all ordinary things and common people.87. What were the two guides for Dickinson in her search for faith?。
余志远《英语国家概况》笔记和课后答案pdf网课视频
余志远《英语国家概况》笔记和课后答案pdf网课视频第一部分英国第1章国土与人民1.1 复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ. Geographical Features1. The UK’s Geographical Location and Its Size2. Rivers and LakesⅡ. Climate1. A Maritime Climate2. Factors Which Influence the Climate3. RainfallⅢ. Plant and Animal Life1. Plant Life2. Animal LifeⅣ. People1. Ethnic Groups2. Languages3. Religion4. Urbanization5. Population Growth6. Migration Patterns【重难点归纳】1. Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland, and Wales. Together with Northern Ireland, it forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. The total population of the UK was around 63 million, which is the third-largest in the European Union and the 22nd-largest in the world.3. The UK is a developed country with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally.4. The UK’s capital is London, and it has other major cities including, Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester in England and so on.1. 大不列颠由英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成。
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料
UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。
自考英语国家概况-复习资料-课文要点课文要点---(3).doc
Chapter 5(1)l.The Whigs opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tories supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings.2.Whigs stood for (1) a reduction in Crown patronage; (2) sympathy towards Nonconformists; (3) care for the interests of merchants and bankers3.Tories wanted to preserve the powers of the monarchy and the Church of England. They disliked the Nonconformists and considered them a threat to Church of England's influence on the people; they wanted strict maintenance of law and order and were afraid of mob riot.4.Radicals,they were greatly influenced by Jeremy Bentham's.5."Utilitarianism" to achieve "the greatest happiness of the greatest number".erment and administration should be made as efficient as possible; government should interfere as little as possible with lives of the people as individuals. They advocated laissez faire, a radical idea of gree trade.7.Farming was an important occupation in England in the 18th century. Village and agriculture were the backbone of the nation.8.This system drawbacks:(1) it wasted land because of fallow fields and land for paths; (2) it was wasteful of labour and time; (3) livestock farming was difficult and diseases spread quickly on commons. Winter feed was rarely enough, so animals were usually killed in autumn and their meat was salted; (4) the open field sysytem was a barrier ot experiments.ndowners replace the small farms cultivated on the "open-field" system by larger, economically more efficient farms with hedge-divided fields.lO.The Enclosure Acts enabled wealthier landowners to seize andy land to which tenants could prove no legal title and to divide it into enclosed fields. A system of crop rotation was introduced. Land could be fully used fodder crops enabled livestock to be kept through the winter months.11.Seed drill invented by Jethro Tull made arable farming more efficient and more profitable.Selective breeding of cattle, sheep and horses by Robert Bake well. The idea of encouraging tenants to introduce changes was associated whth Thomas Coke. George III was so enthusiastic about changes at Windsor that he got the nickname "Farmer George".12.Agricultural enclosure had good as well as bad results:(1) Farms became bigger and bigger units (2) more vegetables, milk,dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied.(3)enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. These peasant farmers were forced to look for work in towns, which rapidly became hopelessly overcrowded. Riots erupted in many areas could not prevent the march of progress, enclosure led to mass emigration New World.(4) a new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships.13.The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors:(l) Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade; (2) Britain interested in overseas trade and colonies. International trade brought wealth to merchants and city bankers, provided capital in lager quantities for industrialization. (3) the limited monarchy. (4) The main towns were never too far from seaports, of from rivers, which could distribute their products. (5) Many rivers useful for transport and water and steam power. Useful minertai resources.(6) British engineers had sound training as craftsmen.(7) The inventors were trspected. They solved practical problems. (8) Probably laissez faire and "Protestant work ethic" helped. (9) England, Scotland, and Wales formed a customs union. So the national market was not hindered by internal customs barriers.(10) The enclosures and other improvements in agriculture made theircontributions by providing food for the rising population labour for the factories, and some of the raw materials needed by industry.14.New techniques and water powered machines resulted in organization of industries on a large scale.15.Changes occurred earliest and quickest in textiles, especially cotton and silk and in other trades like hardware, pottery and chemicals.16.The real "revolution" in textiles was in 1770 when power-driven machinery was introduced.(T面的人物和发明的东西要看熟，容易出选择题)17.Improved transportation ran parallel with production. By the early 19th century, Britain had a road network of some 125,000 miles.18.As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by "workshop of the world".19."Luddites" supposedly led by Ned Ludd attempted to destroy the hated machines, but were severely punished by the government. The Industrial revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.2O.The American War of Independence and the French Revolution21.Political change in England did not come through revolution but through gradual reform. The Whigs returned to power turned their minds to the problem of parliamentary reform.22.There were several reasons:(l) Power was monopolized by the aristocrats. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Lords had far more influence the Commons were also really "gentry" onedge of aristocracy. Most important ministers were "peers". The commons were elected only by a very small proportion of the population. The vote was a privilege for a small number of male citizens. No females were allowed to vote. Members of Parliament were not paid. (2) Representation of town and country, and North and South was unfair. (3) There were also various so-called rotten or pocket boroughs.23.Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed. The Reform Act of 1832 (also called the "Greater Charter of 1832*) abolished "rotten boroughs", and redistributed parliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. Gave the vote to many householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The New Poor Law of 1843 forced the poor people into workhouses instead of giving them sufficient money to survive in their own homes.24.There was widespread dissatisfaction with the Reform Act of 1832 and the New Poor Law.25.In 1836 a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Men's Association. It aimed "to seek by every legal means to place all classes of society in possession of equal political and social rights." Leader William Lovett, a skilled worker. They drew up a charter of political demands in 1838, with the intention of presenting it to Parliament. It had six points:(l) the vote for all adult males, (2) voting by secret ballot, (3) equal electoral districts, (4) abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament, (5) payment of members of Parliament, (6) annual Parliaments, with a General Election every June.26.Other working men formed Chartist groups throughout the country.27.The Chartists could be roughly divided into two groups: the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists. The former headed by William Lovett. The latter headed by Feargus O'Connor, wanted to achieve their purpose by violence.28.Convention revealed conflicts within the movement and great differences between theNortherners and the men from the Midlands and London.29.Chartism failed because of its weak and divided leadership, and its lack of coordination with trade-unionism.3O.The Chartist movement was, however, the first nationwide working class movement and drew attention to serious problems. Lenin said that Chartism was "the first broad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement".31.The movements were regarded with suspicion by the government as possible centers of revolution. Parliament passed the Combination Acts of 1799—1800 to forbid the formation of unions. These laws were repealed in 1824. The 1825 Act allowed workers to form unions but not to-obstruct workers and employers.32.An important part of the work of these new unions was restriction of entry to their trades. The New Unionism tried to avoid confrontaions with employers. In 1868 the Trades Union Congress was started; thus began a new phase in which trade unionism had a national organization capable of coordinating the interests of industrial workers.33.Trade unions had to fight two opponents employers and the State. The Trade Union Act of 1871 legalized the trade unions and gave financial security. The Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act of 1876 gave unions the right to exist as corporation. Two important developments followed in the last 20 years of the 19th century; the growth of unions among unskilled workers, the Labour Party.34.The Labour Party had its origins in the Independent Labour Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labour would depend on the trade unions.35.In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small socialist societies set up the Labour Representation Committee. Promote in Parliament the interests of labour, the Lrc changed its name to the Labour Party in time for the general election which was called for 1906.36.English colonial expansion began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583. The British East India Company in India.37.In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast, underpopulated territories: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.38.After the Seven Years* War between Britain and France, Canada was ceded to Britain by the 1763 Treaty of Paris. French rights were guaranteed by the Quebec Act of 1774. The Canada Act of 1791 divided Canada into Upper Canada where the British had settled, and Lower Canada populated by the French. The British North America Act of 1867 established Canada as a dominion. The four founding provinces were Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The others entered later.39.Australia was first discovered by the Dutch in the early 1600s. Captain James Cook discovered Botany Bay and claimed the east coast region for Britain, naming it New South Wales(1770)4O.The gold rushes brought more people to Australia, and in 1901 the six self-governing colonies were united in one dominion the independent Commonwealth of Australia.41.New Zealand was sighted by the Dutch seaman Abel Tasman in 1624, and named for the Netherlands province of Zeeland. Treaty of Waitangi(1840) made the country a separate colony(1841). It achieved self-government in 1852, became a dominion under the British crown in 1907 completely independent in 1931.Chapter 5 (2)l.The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case of economic penetration. The India Act of 1784 set up a "Board of Control" to supervise the Company.2.By 1819 the British conquest of India was almost complete. In 1857 the native troops of the Bengal army of the East India Company mutinied because of (1) resentument at the reforms of ancient Indian institutions carried out by the British; (2)fear of forcible conversion to Christianity; (3) the issue of cartidges greased with cow-fat, which offended Hindus, or pig-fat, which offended Muslims, the control of India passed to the British Crown in 1858, and Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1877.3.The Dutch East India Company established a settlement at Cape Town in 1652.4.At the begining of the 19th century British possessions were confined to forts and slave trading posts on the West coast. OVer the 19th century the interior of Africa was gradually discovered and colonized by Europeans. By 1900 more than 9/10 had been colonized. Britain led the way in this race to take over the fertile and productive areas of Africa.5.Britain was also involved in the North East in Egypt and the Sudan. French engineers built the Suez Canal(苏伊士运河)6.Britain launched a war of aggression against China in 1840,occupied Hong Kong in 1841. Treaty fo Nanking (1842)China ceded Hong Kong to Britain.7.By 1900 Britain had built up a big empire, "on which the sun never set". It consisted ofa vast number of protectorates, Crown Colonies, spheres of influence, and self-governing dominions; and it included 25% of the world's population and area.8.During World Was I Britain lost over a million people, most of them under the age of 25.Apart from the loss of manpower, there had been considerable disruption of the economy and society.9.The First World Was had great effects on British society. lO.In 1926 a general strike paralyzed the country. In 1936 Edward VIII succeeded his father George V but abdicated.11.Sir Winston Churchill received massive popular support as a war leader and led his country to final victory in 1945. Britain suffered far fewer military casualties in the Second World War than in the First. Britain, having devoted her entire strength to the war, was left gravely impoverished. She lost one-quarter of her national wealth and entered upon a period of economic and financial difficulties.12.The foundations of the welfare state was laid during these years, providing free medical care for everyone and financial help for the old.13.In 1951 the Conservatives under Winston Churchill were retruned to power. When George VI died in 1952, Princess Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey. By the mid-1950s things were definitely looking up. Herold Macmillan, the Conservative prime minister, declared in 1957 that people had "never had it so good". The 1960s were the Swinging Sixties, the permissive age. In January, 1973, Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community.14.The 1970s also saw the growth of nationalism in Wales and Scotland.15.The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.16.Mrs Thatcher firmly believed in self-reliance and what has come to be known asprivatization. It included the return to private ownership of stateowned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.Mrs Thatcher was finally removed in Novemeber, 1990.。
英语国家概况期末复习.doc
CanadaUnitl1 • Canada is the second largest country in the Western Hemisphere. F2.Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. T3.Most of the Canadian people live close to the U.S. border on the south. T4.The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan. T5.The St. Lawrence is the longest river in Canada. F6.Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country in the world. T7.Western Canada consists of the Appalachian Region and the Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands. F8.The Labrador Current brings warmer air to the southeast of Canada, but its effects are limited. F9.Toronto is the world? s largest French-speaking city outside France. F10.Few French Canadians live in Ontario and New Brunswick. F1 • Indigenous peoples, also called “Aboriginal ”，make up __ C ____ p ercent of the total population in Canada.A.1.5B.2C. 4.4D. 3.52.Canada occupies nearly all of North America north of latitude ________ C ______ north.A.40°B.45°C.49°D.50°3.There may be as many as ______ C _____ lakes in Canada.A. 1 millionB. 1.5 million C・ 2 million D. 2.5 million4.The largest lake wholly within Canada is __ B _____ .A. Lake SuperiorB. the Great BearC. the Great SlaveD. Lake Huron5.____ A ____ i s the largest river in Canada in volume of water;A. The St. LawrenceB. The MackenzieC. The YukonD. The Saskatchewan6.The largest island in Canada is _____ B ____ .A. Manitoulin IslandB. Baffin IslandC. Victoria IslandD. Newfoundland7.The following are the provinces in Canadian Interior Plains EXCEPT __ D ____ •A. AlbertaB. SaskatchewanC. ManitobaD. Quebec8.__ C ___ is the fastest-growing mother tongue in Canada.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. ChineseD. English9.__ B ___ w ere beneficiaries of the westward movement and enjoyed growth rates well above the Canadian average.A. Ontario and QuebecB. British Columbia and AlbertaC・ Saskatchewan and Manitoba D. Nunavut and Northwest Teiritories 10._____ C ______ is the first large political unit in North America with an indigenous majority.A. Northwest TerritoriesB. YukonC. NunavutD. SaskatchewanUnit21 • The fir st group of Europeans to settle in Canada in large numbers were the French. T2.Under the Quebec Act, France officially ceded New France to Britain. F3.Under the Constitution Act of 1791, the British divided Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. T4.Reformers led by William Lyon Mackenzie were demanding an American form of government and separation from Great Britain. T5.Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada became an independent country. F6.William Lyon Mackenzie King is Canada" s longest-serving prime ministe匚T7.In 1982 the British North America Act was replaced by a new constitution for the government of Canada. T8.Under the controversial Charter of the French Language adopted in 1977, French is the only official language in Quebec. T9.Conservative Party' s victory in the 2006 elections ended 20 years of Liberal Party rule in Canada and made Harper the country' s 22nd Prime Minister. F1.The name u Canada" is believed to be derived from “kanata笃an Indian word meaning _C ____ .A. a guitarB. a meeting placeC. a settlement D・ a piece of land2.Who was the first French to discover Canada? BA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartie匚C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.3.Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River? CA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartier.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.4.In 1774, the British passed _A _____ that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.A. the Quebec ActB. the Treaty of ParisC. the Constitution Act of 1791D. the Act of Union5.When was Canada given internal self-government? CA. In 1791.B. In 1840.C. In 1848.D. In 1867.6.Who was the first Prime Minister of the new Canada? AA. Sir John Macdonald.B. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.C. Robert Borden.D. Mackenzie King.7.In 1905, ___ C ___ were carved out of the Northwest Territories•A. Ontario and QuebecB. Manitoba and British ColumbiaC. Alberta and SaskatchewanD. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island8.In 1967, ___ B ___ was approved by the Parliament of Canada as the national anthem.A. "God Save the Queen nB. "O Canada,^C ・"Advance Canada Fair” D. “God Defend Canada 959. Since when has the Canadian government followed a policy of bilingualism? AA. 1969B. 1970C. 1976D.198010. Quebec voters narrowly rejected secession from Canada in a __________ C ___ referendum.A. 1980B. 1990C.1995D. 2000Unit31. Saskatchewan is the world's largest producer of potash. F2. Ontario has the greatest developed and potential hydroelectric resources in Canada. F3. One-half of Canada" s wheat is grown in Alberta. F4. Canada is the world' s largest producer of newsprint. T5. Oil and gas production is centered mainly in Manitoba. F6. Canada is the world' s leading producer of hydroelectricity. T7. Quebec has the heaviest concentration of manufacturing in Canada, accounting for more than one-half of Canada" s total value of manufacturing shipments. F8. Mining industries now produce more than half of Canada" s exports. F9. In the services sector, Canada' s exports exceed its imports. F10. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1989. F1. Which of the following is NOT Canada" s waterway? BA. The St. Lawrence.B. The Mississippi.C. The Great Lakes-D. The Mackenzie.2. Almost ___ A ____ of the land area of Canada is covered by forests.A. half B ・ one-third C. two-thirds D. three-quarters3. British Columbia ranks ______ A _____ in the productivity of forests in Canada.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth4. Most of the Canada' s farmland is located in ___ B ___ .A. the Atlantic ProvincesB. the Prairie ProvincesC. QuebecD. Ontario5. The following types of fish have been the most important exports from the Atlantic coast EXCEPT _____________________ D _____ .A. codB. crabC. lobsterD. salmon6. Much of pre-Confederation history revolves around the competition between theFrench and British for control of the profitable___ C ____ .9. Canada has just 0.6% of the world' s population, but accounts for ______ A __ of total exports in world trade. B. farmlandsC ・ fur trade D. tobacco plantation7. Canada is the world ，s largest DA. uraniumB. zincC ・ potash8. Canada is the world' s D exporter of the following EXCEPT D. nickel —largest exporter of oil.C. sixthD. tenthA. mining industry A.secondB. fourthA.4%B. 5%C. 6%D. 7%10.Canada" s largest trading partner is ___ B ____ .A.Great BritainB. the United StatesC. JapanD. GermanyUint41.In Canada temtories have more autonomy from the federal government than provinces do. F2.Since the British North America Act laid the foundation of Confederation, it formed the entire Canadian Constitution. F3.In Canada the central government exercises all powers not specifically assigned to the provinces. T4.The Canadian Parliament consists of the British monarch, the House of Representatives and the Senate. F5.The executive head of government in Canada is the Prime Minister. T6.The members of the Senate are appointed, normally by the Governor General but in effect by the Prime Ministe匚T7.The House of Commons in Canada is the key legislative branch, where most important bills are introduced. T8.In Canada, members of the House of Commons are not directly elected by the voters. F9.The legal system in Canada is based on English common law and there is no exception. F10.The dominant national political parties in Canada during the 20th century have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. F1.Canada is a federation of _________ C ______ provinces and _______________ territories.A.six / twoB. eight / fourC. ten / threeD. twelve / four2.________ C _________ c ut the last legal tie between Canada and Britain and transferred the constitutional amending power from the British government to Canada.A. The BNA ActB. The Meech Lake AccordC. The Constitution of 1982D. The referendum in 19953.The constitution of 1982 gathered the previous constitutional acts into a single framework and added the _____ A __________ •A. Charter of Rights and FreedomsB. Statute of WestminsterC・ Canada Act D. Constitution Act4.Canada is divided into __________ B _______ districts, called “ridings，，or "constituencies^.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1005.There are _____ A _______ S enators in Canadian Parliament.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1006.Quebec has a _____ B _____ system based on the _____________ law system.A. criminal-law / FrenchC. criminal-law / British7.In Canada, general elections must B. civil-law / French D. civil-law / Britishbe held at least once every __________________________________ D ________ .A.two yearsB. three yearsC. four yearsD. five years& The third party with a tradition of national support is ______ B ________ .A. the Democratic PartyB. the New Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Socialist Party9.In 2003, the Progressive Conservatives and the ____ B _______ merged to form a new party known as the Conservative Party.A. the New Democratic PartyB. Canadian AllianceC. Reform PartyD. Liberal Party10.Canada' s system of political parties is characterized by the followingEXCEPT _____ D _______ .A. two major partiesB. one-party ruleC.division between federal and provincial party systemD.two-and-a-half party systemUint51.Canada is officially bilingual, and all services provided by the federal government are available in English and French. T2.Cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity. T3.Religion has been an important influence in Canada' s history since the earliest efforts of missionaries to Christianize the native people. Tcation systems in Canada derive from British, American, and particularly in the province of Quebec, French traditions. T5.Although lacrosse is Canada T s first national game, today hockey is its most popular sport. T6.It is more appropriate to speak of Canadian cultures rather than a single national culture. T7.Canada Day commemorates the birthday of Queen Victoria. F1.In _C ___ , the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19722.As far as Canadian education is concerned, each province has its own system because ___ B _____ .cation is very important to Canadianscation is a provincial responsibilityC.most Canadians live in towns and citiesD.most Canadians speak English3.According to _C __ ，Canada' s health system should provide health services to all people regardless of income.A.Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services ActB.Medical Care ActC.Canada Health ActD.Canada Health and Social Transfer program4._A _____ was the first private non-denominational university to receive a charterA.McGill UniversityB. Universite du QuebecC. University of TorontoD. University of British Columbia5.The federal Department of Environment was established in _C ____ •A. 1969B. 1970C.1971D.19726.The Official Languages Act, which stated that both French and English were to be official languages throughout Canada, was passed in __ A ____ .A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19727.Charter of the French Language, which stated that only French was the official language in Quebec, was passed in ___ C __ •A. 1975B. 1976C. 1977D. 19788.July 1, which was known as "Dominion Day” , became "Canada Day” in___ c ____ .A. 1867B. 1879C. 1982D. 19859.In Canada, Thanksgiving Day was celebrated on ___ B ____ .A. the first Monday in October B・ the second Monday in OctoberC. the fourth Thursday in NovemberD. the final Thursday in NovemberAustralianUnitl1.Australia is sometimes called “the Land Down Under" because it lies south of the equat o 匚T2.Australia is the only continent occupied entirely by a single nation. T3.Australia" s southern coasts are washed by the Coral Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea・ F4.Although Australia is a small continent, it is a large country: only Russia, Canada and China have larger areas. F5.The Eastern Highlands tend to be low and broad in the north and get higher in the south ・ Tke Eyre, Australia" s largest lake, is known as a part-time lake, because most of the time it has no water at all. T7.Australia is hot and dry, because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. F& New South Wales is called “the premier state5; because it has the largest population. F 9.Though the smallest state, Victoria has an importance in the country' s economy far greater than its size might indicate. F10.The northern area of Western Australia is called the Red Center of Australia. F1.With regard to its size, Australia is ____ D _______ country in the world.A. the third largestB. the fourth largestC. the fifth largestD. the sixth largest2.Most Australians live on the cool, wet, forested ________ A ______ .A. southeast coastlandB. southwest coastlandC. northeast coastlandD. northwest coastland3.Australia is politically divided into ____ D ________ states and ______________territories.A.four / threeB. five / twoC. six / threeD. six / two4.The only city on the western coast which has a population of more than one million is ______ B _____ .A. DarwinB. PerthC. the Gold CoastD. Brisbane5.Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is internationally known for its_____ D _________ ・A. wineB. beautiful sceneryC. valuable mineralsD. arts festival6.Tasmania is an island which lies _B __ o f the Australian mainland.A. north of the northeastern cornerB. south of the southeastern comerC. east of the northeastern cornerD. west of the southeastern corner7._______ A _______ forms the essence of the Australian Outback.A. The Northern TemtoryB. Western AustraliaC・ South Australia D・ Queensland8.The coral of the Great Barrier Reef fringes the coastline of ________ C ______ for more than 2,000 kilometres.A. South AustraliaB. Western AustraliaC. QueenslandD. Tasmania9.Torres Strait Islanders come from ______ C _______ .A. mainland AustraliaB. TasmaniaC.the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New GuineaD.the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef10.Australian aborigines held a traditional belief that the land they lived on was created during the _______ C ____ .A. Golden AgeB. Genesis C・ Dream time D. Five SunsUnit21.The history of Australia began with the arrival of the first permanent European settlersin 1788. F2.The first Australians were the Aborigines who migrated from Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago. T3.Although James Cook, a British explorer, has often been called the discoverer of Australia, European explorers were not the first outsiders to visit Australia. T4.The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. F5.The first major discoveries of gold were made in New South Wales and Victoria in the early 1860s. F6.The Federation of the six original Australian states took place in 1901 and the first Prime Minister was Henry Parkes. F7.After the Pacific war between Japan and the United States broke out in 1941 and Britain was unable to provide sufficient support for Australia" s defense, the new Labour government decided to seek alliance with the United States. T& In 1972, the Labor Party won office in the federal election and Gough Whitlam became the first Labor Prime Minister in 23 years. T9. Gough Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor-General in November 1975 because the Labor Party lost in the general election. F1.Aboriginal culture was totally disrupted by ______ A ________ .A.the European settlement of Australia from 1788 onwardsB.the wars among different Aboriginal tribesC.bush fires, floods and droughtsD.the development of science and technology2.Apart from massacres, large numbers of Aborigines also died of____ c _______ .A.the European way of livingB.the firearms of the white settlersC.the diseases introduced into Australia by the white settlersD.the wars among different Aboriginal tribes3.It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia" s shores were____ D ________ .A. the DutchB. the English C・ the Germans D. the Spanish and Portuguese4.In 178& Australia was settled by the British as a colony founded___ c _____A. to receive free settlersB. to supply Britain with wool and foodC. to receive convicts from Britain D・ to expand Britain" s imperialpower5.Australia' s national day, Australia Day, is on ________ C _________ ・A. 1 JanuaryB.18 JanuaryC. 26 JanuaryD. 31 January6.___ A ____ became the financial and commercial centre of Australia during the Gold Rush and attracted British investment and dominated rural exports.A. Melbourne B・ Sydney C. Canberra D. Brisbane7.Which of the following is NOT true about Australian federation of 1901? BA.Australia became an independent country・B.Australia had its own head of state.C.After federation Australia still relied on Britain for trade and investment.D.Britain conducted diplomacy and made war on behalf of Australia.8.In the 1950s, Australia stressed the importance of developing a close association with the United States through _________ B _________ .A. the ANZACB. the ANZUSC. the ANZGD. the ANA9.Whitlam proposed reforms concerned with the following issues EXCEPT________ D _________ .A. foreign relationsB. race relationsC・ women' s rights D. establishing a republic10.In __ B ___ ，the question of becoming a republic was put to a referendum.A. 1998B. 1999C. 2000D. 2001Unit31. Wool, and later gold, launched the Australian colonies on a path of rapid economic growth. T2. Despite industrialization from the mid-19th century, the Australian economy has remained specialized and heavily dependent on the export of farming and mineral products. T3. Despite the problems of long-distance transport to unreliable markets, Australia is a major exporter of wool, wheat, meat, sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice. T4. Agriculture generates only 10%—15% of Australia" s export earnings and is thus not very important to the country' s economy. F5. Mining has been central to the Australian economy since the 19th century, as both a catalyst to national development and a major source of export income. T6. In Australia, as elsewhere in the world, tourism is a rapidly expanding industry. T7. The main feature of Australians trade is the exchange of raw materials for finished products. T8. Since the end of World War II there have been great changes in Australians trading patterns and international economic relations. T9. A significant reorientation of trade towards Asia and the Pacific is now taking place in Australia. T1 .Australia is the world' s largest exporter of ___ B __ ・A. wheatB. woolC. meatD. dairy products2. ___ A ____ i s the country' s leading grain crop and is grown in every state.A. WheatB. SugarC. CornD. Rice3. Official estimates suggested that a total of ___ C __ of Australia" s land area was native forest.4. The Australian Fishing Zone ranks the __ A. first B. second C. third5. Manufacturing now contributes about —CA. one-third B ・ one-sixth9. Australia' s telecommunications and IT market is the _D _____ largest in the world.A. thirdB. sixthC. eighthD. tenth10. Today, Australia" s largest trading partner is —C ___ ・A. one-thirdB. one-fourthC. one-fifthD. one-sixth C __ in size in the world. D. fourth___ to Australia J s GDP.C. one-eighthD. one-tenth6. Australia boasts the world s largest known recoverable resources of the following EXCEPT _D 「.A. lead7. __ B __ traditionally production. A. South Australia C ・ Queensland & Australia ranks the___ A. first B. uranium has A_ B.second C. silver D. gold the largest share by value of total national mineral B. Western Australia D. Northern Territory in diamond production in the world. C. third D. fourthA. JapanB. the United StatesC. China D・ the United KingdomUnit41.Australia has a federal system of government which consists of a federal government and six state governments each exercising its allotted powers independently of the other. T2.Australia is not independent because it still has constitutional links with Britain. F3.The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the British and American models. T4.The Australian Constitution is entirely founded on a written document. F5.In the Australian Federal Parliament, the two Houses have exactly equal powers. F6.Although the National Party has never won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, it has the ability to hold a balance of power in the Federal Parliament. T7.The High Court is the most superior in the Australian legal system. T1.The following powers are given to the state governments EXCEPT ____ D __ .cationB. transportC. health servicesD. defense2.In Australia, each state has __ D ___ S enators.A.2B. 6C. 8D. 123.Which state has only one chamber in the State Parliament? CA. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. Western Australia4.Party politics in Australia started in 1910 when _D ___ •A.the Australian Labor Party was formedB.the Liberal Party was formedC.Australians began to vote in the federal electionsD.Australian voters began to choose between Labor and Liberal5.Australia" s oldest surviving political party is __ C ___ •A. the Liberal PartyB. the Country PartyC. the Australian Labor PartyD. the Australian Democrats6.In Australian politics, the Liberal Party has been in coalition with ______ B _____ since 1923.A. the Australian Labor PartyB. the National PartyC. the Australian DemocratsD. the Progress Party7.The task of interpreting the Constitution belongs to _ C ___ .A. the Federal CourtB. the Supreme CourtC. the High CourtD. the Family CourtUnit51.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. T2.When the Australian colonies joined together as a Commonwealth in 1901, the“ White Australia policy ” was a cornerstone of the new nation' s policies. T3.In Australia there have been several debates on immigration and multiculturalism inrecent years, and such debates are unlikely to happen again in the future. F4.Only recently have Australians begun to realize that migrants from non-Anglo・Australian backgrounds also have their own cultural and intellectual life, their own traditions and customs which need to be respected. T5.As people with different traditions and customs interact with each other, a peculiar blend of different cultures will be emerging in Australia. T6.In Australia, the preparatory year in education is compulsory and universal. F7.The Alice Springs School of the Air is a secondary correspondence school that utilizes various communications technologies to have daily contact with students, home tutors and teachers. F8.Herald Sun. published in Melbourne, has the largest circulation among Sunday papers. F9.The No.l watched sport in Australia is soccer. F1.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to do the following EXCEPT________ D _______ .A.to speak their own languageB. to keep their own lifestylesC. to maintain their own customsD. to make their own laws2.The following are the main reasons why the White Australia policy was officially abandoned in 1973 EXCEPT ___ D—・A.in most years after 1945 Australia was unable to recruit enough migrants from European countriesB.humanitarian concerns have made Australia accept many refugees from Asian countriesC.Australia must change its image so that it can live in harmony with the peoples of Asian countries are more prosperous than Australia3.The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to _D ___ .A. 1966B. 1970C. 1972D. 19734.The first official national multicultural policy was implemented by the _B ______ Government.A. WhitlamB. FraserC. HawkeD. Keating5.In Australia, school education is compulsory until age __ C ___ .A. 12B. 14C. 15D. 186.The best known example of audio teaching in Australia is _d __ .A. the Radio SchoolB. the Net SchoolC. the Flying SchoolD. the School of the Air7.Among Sunday papers, —A ____ is the most widely circulated.A. Sun TelegraphB. Sunday SunC. Herald SunD. Sunday Mail8.ANZAC Day on _C ____ is a holiday which memorializes in particular the troops who were slaughtered at Gallipoli in World War I.A. April 20B. April 22C. April 25D. April 269.The oldest international arts festival in Australia was held in _C ____ .A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. PerthD. CanberraNew ZealandUnitl1.New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the Equator and the North Pole. F2.New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands. T3.New Zealand is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line. F4.The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps. T5.The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand. F6.New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country. T7.Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealand s weather is not changeable. F& New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an "ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological models： T9.About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island. F10.A large percentage of the total Maori population isconsidered fluent in Maori. F1 • New Zealand is situated about 1,600 km __ B ___ .A. northwest of AustraliaB. southeast of AustraliaC. northeast of AustraliaD. southwest of Australia2.The largest Lake in New Zealand is __ B __ •A. Lake Te AnauB. Lake TaupoC. Lake WakatipuD. Lake Wanaka3.The highest peak in New Zealand is __ B __ •A. Mount TasmanB. Mount CookC. Mount DampierD. Mount Ruapehu4.The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT __ B ___ .A. RuapehuB. Mt. CookC. NgaurohoeD. Tongariro5.The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are _C ____ •A. storms and earthquakesB. volcanoes and floodsC. earthquakes and volcanoesD. floods and storms6.___ B __ is the flightless bird which has become asymbol of New Zealand.A. EmuB. KiwiC. WekaD. Pukeko7.What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent? DA. 50%.B. 67%.C. 73%.D. 80%.8.The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New Zealand EXCEPT —A ___ .A.the concentration of mineral resources in the northB.the milder climate in the north。
英语国家概况考试复习资料
《英语国家概况》考试复习资料及答案1The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by_D__ AKing Arthur B. Robin Hood C. Oliver Cromwell D. William the Conqueror2Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AAIt offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.BIt is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.CIt is the oldest representative democracy in the world.DIt has no written form of Constitution.3Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? AAWilliam of Orange B. James Ⅱ C. Oliver Cromwell D. GeorgeⅠ4. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? DA. Beef cattle.B. Dairy cattleC. Chicken.D. Sheep.5. Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? BA. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The UK citizens above the age of 18.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.6. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because __A_________.A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people of current affairs in the world.C. it provides people with subjective reports.D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.7．Of Which people is Robert Burns a national poet? BA. The Welsh peopleB. The Irish peopleC. The Scottish peopleD. The English people8．. It was said that Christianity was introduced into Ireland by _D_________A. the VikingsB. the NormansC. Brian BuruD. Saint Patrick9. In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and NorthernEngland to emigrate to the north of Ireland because __A_______.A. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in BritainC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them10. Which is the largest city in Scotland?CA. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester二．填空1. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to overrule___ the parliament _______ in the English Revolution.2. The _ official ________IRA believed that they had made enough progress so that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for___ election ____.3. It’s hard to make talks successful between the British and Irish governments without the participation of __ Sinn Fein ________and_______ IRA _____.4. The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms _ the government ________and its party leader becomes _ Prime Minister _________-.5. Since 1945, the UK economy has experienced __ relative ______ decline rather than __ relative _____ decline.6. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: primary ________industries, secondary industries and _ tertiary _______industries.7. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories .They are __ tertiary _______ , _____ comedies ____and history plays.8. Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are noted for their respective novel _____ Jane Eyre ___and ____ Wuthering Heights ______which are largely the love stories of a woman for a man.9. People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called __ Wuthering Heights ________.10. Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on _ Boxing Day __________, which is the day after Christmas.三．问答1. Who introduced Christianity into Ireland?He was St. Patrick.2. What’s the full name of the UK?It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.What is the major function of the Parliament?4.It was to pass laws.4. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win theelection?It needs at least 326.5. Which party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quiet a long time from 1979 to1997?It was the Conservative party.6. Name two of the tragedies written by Shakespeare.They are Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet7. Which is one of the largest government departments that deal with education?It is the Ministry of Education.四．名词解释the quality paperLondonthe Celtsthe Anglo-SaxonsD A A D B A B D A C1.the parliament2. official election3. Sinn Fein IRA4.the government5. Relative recession6. primary tertiary7. tertiary comedies8. Jane Eyre 9. Wuthering Heights10. Boxing Day1.He was St. Patrick.2.It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Parliament?It needs at least 326.4.It was the Conservative party.5.They are Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet6.It is the Ministry of Education.名词解释见课本。
英语国家概况完整篇复习重点Word版
英语国家概况Chapter 1 Land and People第一章英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)复习笔记和课后习题详解(第10章 美国人口)【圣才出品】
第10章美国人口10.1复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ.The American PopulationⅡ.ImmigrationⅢ.Population MovementⅣ.Racial and Ethnic Minorities1.White Americans2.African Americans3.Hispanicsn Americans5.Indians【重难点归纳】Ⅰ.Introduction1.As of August13,2014,the United States has a total resident population of 318,554,000,making it the third-most populous country in the world.2.It is very urbanized,with81%residing in cities and suburbs as of2014(the worldwide urban rate is54%).3.The total fertility rate in the United States for2013was1.87children per woman, which was lower than that of France,Australia and the United Kingdom.4.Whites constitute the majority of the US population.5.The American population almost quadrupled during the20th century,and immigrants and their US-born descendants are expected to provide most of the US population gains in the decades ahead.Ⅰ.简介1.截至2014年8月13日，美国常住人口318,554,000人，居世界第三位。
英语国家概况复习资料
英语国家概况复习资料一、The influence of the Wars of the Roses玫瑰战争的影响1、It seriously weakened the old feudal nobility.2、It further weakened the feudalism and manorialism had already declined by the beginning of the Tudor reign.3、Objectively, it was beneficial to the development of money economy and capitalism.二、the brief introduction to Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.英国君主立宪制介绍1、The British Monarchy is hereditary. The King or Queen is the head of state, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces the head of the Judicature in the UK and the temporal head of the established Church of England.2、Every act of the state is dined in the Queen’s name. Every letter sent out by government department is posted in an envelope marked “On Her Majesty’s Service”. All ministers in the government are appointed by her every official is her servant. The Queen summons, prologues and dissolves Parliament. She concludes treaties and declares war. She gives her assent to bills before they become law.3、Practically everything she does is done on the advice of her ministers, and everything has been decided by Parliament or the Prime minister in advance. The vital power lies in the Prime Minister and his Cabinet.4、Th e Queen’s real importance lies in its effect on public attitude and she is also a constant symbol for the whole nation. And she is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of the Commonwealth to the home country.三、The brief introduction to British central government英国中央政府介绍1、The British government is the supreme administrative institution that manages state affairs.2、The Cabinet is the core of leadership of the British government. The cabinet is made up of the Prime minister, the Lord President of Privy Council and the heads of the most important departments. Every important decision is made and carried out by the Cabinet, which directs and controls the armed forces, the police the courts the prisons and others.3、The Prime Minister is the head of the central government. He or she has the duty to report the government work to the King or Queen has the right to direct all the departments and solves the issues between them. He or she has the last word in deciding the government policy. He or she has the power of appointment and reorganizing the government.4、The administrative class is responsible for advising ministers on policy, for forecasting the possible effects of new measures and regulations and for tackling any difficulties in carrying out the policies. The executive class is responsible for the daily conduct of the department’s business. The clerical class is engaged in all the usual clerical work.四、英国法院系统介绍The brief introduction to British Judicature1、The supreme judicial body in the UK is the House of Lords.2、In Britain there are central courts and local courts. Central courts include the House of Lords, Privy Council, the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal. The house of Lords is the civil and criminal court. The Privy Council accepts and hears appeals from the courts of member states of the British Commonwealth, colonies, protectorates and trust territories. The Court of Appealhas the right to accept appeals from the High Court of Justice. The High Court of Justice can be divided Chancellor Division dealing with the questions of company law, bankruptcy, trusts and some other matters of the same type andFamily Division tackling divorce and questions out of wills and Queen’s Bench Division handling property matters and torts as well as maritime and commercial cases.3、The civil appealing procedure: the county court, the High Court of Justice, the Courtof Appeal and the House of Lords. The criminal appealing procedure: the local court, the criminal court and the court of criminal appeal and the House of Lords.4、In Britain, there are 2 kinds of lawyers: solicitors and barristers.五、美国地理地貌特征The characteristics of geographical1、The natural landscape of the US has two fundamental dimensions，（1）one dimension results from geological processes in the earth’s crust，which determine the main patterns of landforms，drainage，and minerals，and influence the fertility of soil to a considerable degree（2）the other dimension is determined by meteorological processes in the atmosphere，which dictate the nature of weather and climate ，the geographic distribution of vegetationand soils2、（1）American’s geological topographical framework is built around a huge interior lowlandthat has yielded some of American’s greatest agriculture and mineral wealth，contains a large population.（2）This region is called “middle American”，which is drained by the Mississippi river.It is north to the wilderness bulwark of theCanadian Shield，south tothe gulf of Mexico.To the east and west，the land separate it from Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.3、In the east part，the Appalachians on the east stretch almost unbroken from Alabama tothe Canadian border and beyond.They are much-eroded old mountains and are set back fromthe Atlantic by a broad belt of coastal lowland.4、To the west of the interior basin lies the mighty system of mountains which is named “Cordillera”，which covers third of the united states，this western country is both complicated and varied，containing some of the highest mountains and a vast large expanseof intermontane basins，plateaus，and isolated ranges.5、It has impressive scenery，considerable environmental variety and great mineral wealth.六、美国独立后前25年的特征the characteristics of the first independent 25 years1、a remarkable period in American history2、by the end of the century, every state except Connecticut and Rhode Island had writtena new constitution. together，the American people had adopted a federal form of government，with the central and state governments exercising different and sometimes overlapping powers delegated to them.3、for instance，the break from England encouraged Americans to accelerate the developmentof American democratic thought and more equalitarian social attitudes.4、the break also spurred a spirit of nationalism in literature，architecture，and other aspects of American culture life5、Beyond that,the young nation also witnessed significant changes in it’s economic lifeand foreign relations in the last quarter of the 18th century七、美国内战爆发的原因The cause of the outbreak of the American civil war1、around the mid-19th century，the strong nationalistic sentiments of the first three decades of the 19th century faded away,revealing the long-hidden differences and among classes，nationalities，and sections.2、the North and the south now saw their respective economic interests often in conflictwith each other.3、on the slavery issue，they were frequently in conflict with their border-state neighbors in Kentucky and Missouri.八、对美国总统介绍(1)The President of The United States is elected every four years to a four-year term of office,with no more than two full terms allowed.(2)The President is elected directly by the voters.Whatever the case,any policies proposed by the President must be approved by the House of Representative and the Senate before they can become law.(3)The head of each department is appointed by the President.Theseappointments,however,must be approved by the Senate.None of these Secretaries,as the department heads are usually called,can also be serving in Congress or in another part of the government.Each is directly responsible to President and only serves as long as the President wants him or her to.九、介绍美国法院系统（the US Constitution）Introduce the U.S. court system1、The US Constitution only vaguely defines the organization of the court system，calling simply for a Supreme Court，with inferior courts to be created by Congress.2、The current national court structure in the United States,from bottom to top,includes district courts，courts of appeals，and one Supreme Court.3、there are currently ninety-four district courts.There may be one or more judges at each district court.All district judges hold office for life，though they can be impeached.4、If a case is successfully appealed,it will normally go to a US Court of Appeals have eleven judicial circuits in the country.5、The top of the hierarchy，is the Supreme Court,whose jurisdiction is both original and appellate.6、Most states have a hierarchical system as well, ranging from lower courts to a state supreme court。
英语国家概况余志远版复习资料
英语国家概况（按新考纲整理的余志远版本完整版）（按新考纲整理的余志远版本完整版）英国部分1. What is the full name of the United Kingdom? It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2. What are the two large island that make up the British Isles? They are Great Britain and Ireland. 3. What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom? They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 4. 4. Why Why Why does does does the the the United United United Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom have have have a a a mild mild mild climate, climate, climate, even even even though though though it it it lies lies lies farther farther farther north north north than than than our our Heilongjiang Province? Because Britain‟s climat e is influenced by the Gulf Stream. 5. How many metropolitan areas does England have? England has seven metropolitan areas. 6. What is the backbone of England? It is the Pennines. 7. What is the largest lake in the British Isles? It is Lough Neagh. 8. From what languages is English derived? England is mainly derived from the Anglo-Saxon and Norman-French languages. 9. What is an eisteddfod? An eisteddfod is a Welsh festival of poetry, music and other arts. 10. What have the Scottish people been famous for? The Scottish people have been famous for their close-knit clans, colorful plaid kilts, and skill as fierce warriors. 11. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation? Britain was under the Roman occupation for nearly 400 years. 12. Why was the Roman impact upon the Britons surprisingly limited? The The Roman Roman Roman impact impact impact on on on the the the Britons Britons Britons was was was surprisingly surprisingly surprisingly limited limited limited because because because the the the Romans Romans Romans always always always treated treated treated the the Britons as a subject people of slave class and they never intermarried with the native Britons. 13. When did the Anglo-Saxons begin to settle in Britain? The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century. 14. When did England begin to be Christianized? England began to be Christianized in 579. 15. What was the result of the Synod of Whitby in Yorkshire in 664? The result of the Synod of Whitby was that the Roman missionaries gained the upper hand over the Celtic missionaries. 16. 16. What What What was was was Harold Harold Harold doing doing doing when when when he he he was was was informed informed informed of of of the the the invasion invasion invasion of of of Northumbria Northumbria Northumbria by by by Tostig Tostig Tostig and and Harold Hardrada? He was in the south preparing to resist the expected attack from Normandy. 17. Where did Harold defeat Tostig and Hardrada? Harold defeated Tostig and Harold Hardrada at Stanford Bridge. 18. By whom was William crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey? William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey by the Archbishop of York. 19. What did William do after he suppressed the Saxon risings in the north? He built a string of defense castles to ensure his military control of the whole country. 20. Was the Norman Conquest the last successful invasion of England? Yes. The Norman C onquest Conquest Conquest was was was the the the last last last successful successful successful invasion invasion invasion of England because England has never of England because England has never been invaded since. 21. Why did William I give his barons large estates in England? William I gave large estates to his barons because he wanted to get a promise of military service and a proportion of the land‟s produce. 22. What was the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England? All All landowners, landowners, landowners, big big big and and and small, small, small, took took took the the the oath oath oath of of of allegiance allegiance allegiance for for for the the the land land land they they they held, held, held, not not not only only only to to to their their immediate lord, but also to the king. 23. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled? William I had the Domesday Book compiled because he wanted to have a reliable record of all his land, his tenants and their possessions and to discover how much his tenants could be asked to pay by way of taxes. 24. What was William I ‟s policy towards the church? He wanted to keep it completely under his control, but at the same time to uphold its power. 25. Why did Henry II make Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury? He thought that Thomas Becket would assist him in carrying out legal reforms. 26. What brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury? The exceptional privileges enjoyed by the clergy brought Henry II into collision with Thomas Becket. 27. 27. What What What are are are the the the two two two aspects aspects aspects of of of the the the Norman Norman Norman legacy legacy legacy that that that contributed contributed contributed to to to great great great domestic domestic domestic unrest unrest unrest in in England in the 12th and 13th centuries? One One was was was England‟s England‟s possession possession of of of territory territory in in France. France. France. The The The other other other was was was Norman Norman Norman adherence adherence adherence to to to Roman Roman Catholicism. 28. Who was the French national heroine during the Hundred Year‟s War who helped the French to drive the English out of France? Joan of Arc. 29. When did the government establish rules for the first time to keep down wages? The government established rules for the first time to keep down wages in 1351. 30. How many peasant in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard II ‟s troops? 40,000 peasants in Kent and Essex were killed by Richard II‟s troops. 31. What were the emblems of the Houses of York and Lancaster? The emblem of the House of York was a white rose and the emblem of the House of Lancaster was a red rose. 32. What was the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England? The Wars of the Roses dealt a death blow to feudalism in England. 33. How did Elizabeth I try to avoid troubling Parliament too often for pounds? She tried to avoid troubling Parliament by making strict economies at Court. 34. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private? These questions were her religion, her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance. 35. How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain in friendly relationship with France? She She managed managed managed to to to maintain maintain maintain a a a friendly friendly friendly relationship relationship relationship with with with France France France through through through her her her marriage marriage marriage alliances alliances alliances which which were never materialized. 36. When was Mary Queen of Scots executed? Mary Queen of Scots was executed in 1587. 37. What did the destruction of the Spanish Armada show? It showe d England‟s superiority as a naval power. 38. What was the long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot? The long-term result of the Gunpowder Plot has been an annual celebration of November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display is arranged. 39. What was Puritanism noted for? It was noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes. 40. What is a constitutional monarchy? A constitutional monarchy is one whose power is limited by Parliament. 41. What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century? They stood for a reduction in Crown patronage, sympathy towards Nonconformists, and care for the interests of merchants and bankers. 42. Why did changes in farming methods affect lives of millions in the 18th century? Changes in farming methods affected lives of millions in the 18th century England because village and agriculture were the backbone of England at that time. 43. What did the land owners want to do in the late 18th and early 19th centuries? They w anted to replace the small farms cultivated on the “open -field” system by larger, economically more efficient farms with hedge-divided fields. 44. Why was King George III nicknamed “Farmer George”? King George III was nicknamed “Farmer George” because he was very enthusiastic about agricultural changes at Winsor. 45. What were the two events which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century? They were the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. 46. When did the British begin to transport convicts to Australia? The British began to transport convicts to Australia in 1788. 47. What was the result of the general strike of 1926? The strike failed. The miners were forced to return to work with longer hours and lower wages even than before. Yet, outside the mining district, the strike seemed to have improved relations between the workers and the middle classes. 48. Why d4id Edward VIII abdicate in 1936 after a reign of 10 months? Edward VIII abdicated because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American. 49. When did Britain finally become a full member of the European Economic Community? Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community in January,1973. 50. Why was Mrs. Thatcher removed from office in 1990? It It was was was because because because of of of her her her opposition opposition opposition to to to European European European Union Union Union and and and her her her imposition imposition imposition of of of an an an extremely extremely extremely unpopular unpopular flat-flat-rate “poll tax” in place of property taxes to pay or local government service. rate “poll tax” in place of property taxes to pay or local government service. 61. Where does the Sovereig n‟s coronation take place? The Sovereign‟s coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London. 62. When is the Sovereign‟s birthday officially celebrated? It is officially celebrated in June every year. 63. What does the Duke of Edinburgh do when the Queen pays state visits to foreign governments? He accompanies her. 64. Where does the Queen‟s expenditure arising from public duties come from? The The Queen‟s Queen‟s Queen‟s expenditure expenditure expenditure arising arising arising from from from public public public duties duties duties comes comes comes from from from the the the Civil Civil Civil List List List and and and government government departments. 65. What does the term “parliament” originally mean? The term “parliament” originally means a meeting for a parley or discussion. 66. What is the main function of the House of Lords? The The main main main function function function of of of the the the House House House of of of Lords Lords Lords is is is to to to bring bring bring the the the wide wide wide experience experience experience of of of its its its members members members into into into the the process of law-making. 67. What is the Speaker‟s task in the House of Commons? His task is to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order. 68. How many counties are there in England and Wales? There are 53 counties in England and Wales. 69. What are the three island areas where single-tier authorities were introduced in Scotland? They are the Orkneys, the Shetlands and the Western Isles. 70. How do local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue? They raise revenue through the council tax. 81. Are British people obliged to use the National Health Service? No. They are not obliged to use the service. 82. What are services for elderly people aimed at? Services for elderly people are aimed at helping them live at home whenever possible. 83. What is the aim of the social security system? The aim of the social security is to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need. 84. At what age do men and women generally retire? Men generally retire at the age of 65, and women at the ate of 60. 85. What are the two established churches in Britain? They are the Church of England in England and the Church of Scotland in Scotland. 86. How many provinces does the Church of England have? The Church of England has two provinces: Canterbury and York. 87. When were the first women priests ordained in Britain? They were ordained in March 1994. 88. Who founded the Salvation Army in the East of London in 1865? William Booth, a great follower of John Wesley, founded the Salvation Army. 89. Where do the people in London go to see the Christmas decorations? They go to Oxford Street, Regent Street and Piccadilly to see the Christmas decorations. 90. Why is December 26th called “Boxing Day”? December 26th is called Boxing Day because it was formerly the custom to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants and tradesmen on this day. 91. How many kinds of state secondary schools are there in Great Britain? Three. They are grammar school, secondary modern school and comprehensive school. 92. When was the Open University founded? When did it begin its first courses? It was founded in 1969, and it began its first courses in 1970. 93. Why is the Open University so named? It is so named because it is “open” to all to become students. 94. How much money is spent on press advertising every year in Great Britain? About ￡5,100 million. 95. How much time do British people spend a day watching television? People spend an average of over three and a half hours a day watching television. 96. How are the state-run television channels BBC1 and BBC2 financed? They are financed from the sale of television licences. 97. How are independent channels ITV and C4 funded? They are funded entirely by advertising. 98. When did the BBC begin to provide regular television broadcasts? The BBC began to provide regular television broadcasts in 1936. 99. Which sport is regarded as typically English? Cricket is the most typically English sport. 100. What is a “copyright” library? It is a library which is entitled to receive a free copy of every book published in the United Kingdom. 美国部分1. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area? The The United United United States States States of of of America America America is is is the the the third-largest third-largest third-largest country country country in in in the the the world world world in in in population population population and and and the the fourth-largest country in area. 2. What are the two major mountain ranges in the United States? They are the Appalachian Highlands and the Rocky Mountains. 3. What is the Continental Divide, or Great Divide? The Continental Divide, or Great Divide, is an imaginary line that separates streams that flow into the Pacific Ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic. 4. What are the five Great Lakes of the United States? They are Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior. 5. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they? There are seven geographical regions in the United States. They are New England, the Middle Atlantic States, the southern States, the Midwestern States, the Rocky Mountain states, the Southwestern States, and the Pacific Coast States and the New States. 6. What states are in New England? New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 7. Apart from Now York City, what other large cites are located in the Middle Atlantic region? Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, and Newark. 8. What is the Midwest famous for? The Midwest is famous for its large stretches of fertile soil. 9. What states make up the Pacific Coast Region? The The region region region known known known as as as the the the Pacific Pacific Pacific Coast Coast Coast includes includes includes the the the western western western parts parts parts of of of Washington Washington Washington and and and Oregon Oregon Oregon and and nearly all of California. 10. What role does tourism play in Hawaii‟s economy? Tourism is Hawaii‟s most important industry. 11. What is the population of the United States? How does it rank in the world? The The United United United States States States is is is the the the third third third most most most populous populous populous country country country in in in the the the world world world after after after China China China and and and India, India, India, with with with a a population of 267 million (estimated) in April 1997. 12. What is the reason for the growth of population in Florida? It is because of its warm climate and convenience in doing business with and traveling to Central and South America. 13. Which are the five biggest cities, in terms of population, in the United States? New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia. 14. Why are people moving so often in the United States? People often move from one place to another for various reasons: to look for better job opportunity or for better climate or for other goals. 15. What are some of the consequences of the outflow of city residents to the suburbs? The movement brings serious consequences to big cities: rising unemployment rate, the increase of the number of poor people, the worsening of city living conditions and the fall of government revenues. 16. Which are the three largest groups of Hispanics? The Chicanos, the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans. 17. Why do many Puerto Ricans go to the United States? They are drawn to the United States by better job opportunities. 18. What explanation do experts give for the success of Asian-Americans? The The experts experts experts attribute attribute attribute the the the success success success to to to Asian Asian Asian cultural cultural cultural tradition: tradition: tradition: emphasis emphasis emphasis on on on education, education, education, hard hard hard work work work and and family. 19. What was the fate of Japanese-Americans in WWII? The Japanese-Americans were taken to relocation centers in isolated parts of the western mountain and plains states and stayed behind barbed wires. 20. Can you give an example to show the awakening of American Indians? Many Many Indians Indians Indians are are are taking taking taking legal legal legal steps steps steps to to to demand demand demand compensation compensation compensation for for for land land land and and and resources resources resources grabbed grabbed grabbed from from them illegally. 21. What is one of the explanations of how the early Indians came to the Americans? One of the explanations is the Indians crossed from Asia on the landbridge that connected Siberia and Alaska. 22. How did the Plymouth settlers manage to survive? The neighboring Indians came to teach them how to grow corn and they succeeded in having a good harvest. 23. In what way were the Puritans different from the Pilgrims? The The Pilgrims Pilgrims Pilgrims were were were mostly mostly mostly poor, poor, poor, labouring labouring labouring people people people while while while the the the Puritans Puritans Puritans were were were wealthy, wealthy, wealthy, well-educated well-educated gentlemen. 24. Did the War of Independence start with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence? No. It started when clashes took place at Concord and Lexington. 25. What was the chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation? The chief weakness was the document failed to set up a government that could function. 26. What was the significance of the adoption of the Bill of Rights? The The adoption adoption adoption of of of the the the Bill Bill Bill of of of Rights Rights Rights in in in addition addition addition to to to the the the Constitution Constitution Constitution completed completed completed the the the foundation foundation foundation of of of the the American constitutional system. 27. Why did American territorial expansion threaten British interest? Because some Americans wanted to take advantage of the war in Europe to expand into Canada. This ran counter to British interest. 28. What was the Compromise of 1850? The Compromise of 1850 was an arrangement which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate. 29. Why did the Civil War break out? The The Civil Civil Civil War War War broke broke broke out out out because because because the the the southern southern southern states states states left left left the the the Union Union Union and and and formed formed formed a a a new new new nation nation nation but but president Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union. 30. How did the government help in the development of American economy? The government carried out the policy of trade protectionism. 31. 31. What What What were were were the the the three three three features features features in in in the the the growth growth growth of of of American American American economy economy economy at at at the the the beginning beginning beginning of of of the the the 20th 20th century? Large corporation, urbanization and new technology were the three features. 32. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement? The basic demand was government regulation of economic and social conditions. 33. Why did the United States pursue a policy of pro-Ally partiality in the early part of WWI? Because of ethnic ties, cultural tradition, social background, economic interests and successful British propaganda, the U.S. government pursued such a policy. 34. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war? The The immediate immediate immediate causes causes causes were were were Germany‟s Germany‟s unlimited unlimited submarine submarine submarine warfare warfare warfare and and and Germany‟s Germany‟s attempt attempt to to to get get Mexico into the war against the United States. 35. What government policies in the 1920s helped big business? The The policies policies policies of of of tariff tariff tariff protection, protection, protection, favorable favorable favorable tax tax tax rates rates rates and and and little little little government government government restrictions restrictions restrictions contributed contributed contributed to to high profits of big businesses. 36. How did many Americans view their country after WWI? They believed that American political, economic and social institutions were the best in the world. 37. What was the experience of WWI veterans demanding payment of bonuses in Washington D.C. in 1932? They were driven out of the capital by military force directed by General McArthur. 38. 38. What What What were were were some some some of of of the the the personal personal personal characteristics characteristics characteristics of of of F.D.R. F.D.R. F.D.R. that that that helped helped helped him him him in in in doing doing doing his his work work as as president? He He had had had a a a sure sure sure sense sense sense of of of what what what was was was practical practical practical or or or possible, possible, possible, a a a strong strong strong sense sense sense of of of timing timing timing and and and was was was a a a great great communicator. 39. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in WWII? The The first first first was was was to to to win win win the the the war; war; war; the the the second second second was was was to to to bring bring bring the the the Soviet Union Soviet Union into into a postwar a postwar world world order order under American leadership. 40. What was the basic reason for the postponement of the opening of the Second Front? It was a reflection of the desire of not letting the Soviet Union expand into eastern and central Europe too quickly. 41. What was the postwar strategy of the United States? The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital. 42. What was the theory put forward by the Soviet Union in around 1946? There could be no long-term peaceful co-existence between socialism and capitalism. 43. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948? The Soviet Union cut off Western routes to West Berlin. 44. What decision did President Truman make to deal with the Berlin crisis? He decided to mobilize all possible American cargo planes to airlift supplies into West Berlin. 45. 45. What What What effect effect effect did did did the the the Berlin Berlin Berlin blockade blockade blockade have have have on on on the the the people people people in in in West West West Berlin Berlin Berlin and and and western western western occupied occupied zones? it pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States because they were grateful for American airlifts. 46. What measure did the United States take in the Cuban Missile Crisis? The The United United United States States States introduced introduced introduced a a a naval naval naval blockade blockade blockade around around around Cuba Cuba Cuba and and and demanded demanded demanded the the the dismantlement dismantlement dismantlement and and withdrawal of the missiles from Cuba. 47. Did the allies of the United States give their full support to the U.S. in the Vietnam War? No , some criticized the United States for escalation of the war, some refused to support American war efforts. 48. What is the significance of the Shanghai Communique? The key thing is American commitment to a one China policy. 49. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? The Act outlawed racial discrimination in housing and employment. 50. What is the Port Huron Statement about? The Port Huron Statement was the platform of the Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) which condemned racism, poverty amidst plenty, big corporations and the Cold War. 51. 51. How How How does does does the the the United United United States States States rank rank rank among among among the the the countries countries countries of of of the the the world world world in in in the the the total total total value value value of of of its its economic production? The United States ranks first among the countries of the world in the value of its economic production. 52. What kind of system is the United States economy based on? The United States economy is based on a free enterprise system. 53. What are the factors that have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today? The United States has one of the world‟s most varied populations, and the vast space and resources of the land, the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity, and hard work by the people have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today. 54. What are the major natural resources in the United States? Fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals are the major natural resources in the United States. 55. What are some of the leading farm products in the United States? They are corn, wheat, beef cattle, milk, soybeans, cotton, chickens and eggs, and hogs. 56. What has helped make U.S farms the most efficient in the world? The The use use use of of of modern modern modern farm farm farm machinery machinery machinery and and agricultural agricultural methods methods methods has has has helped helped helped make U.S. make U.S. farms farms the the the most most efficient in the world. 57. What areas have long been major U.S centers of manufacturing? The Midwest and Northeast. 58. How does California rank among the states in the value of its manufactured goods? California ranks first among the states in the value of its manufactured goods. 59. What are the problems the U.S economy has faced form time to time? 。