欧洲文化入门在线作业——判断题答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writingin Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culturein Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fettersofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Iri shman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture? 答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story abo ut God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition,which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 t o be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West.And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was thecombination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes DonQuixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther 名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. Th e word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues. 3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best repr esentative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times?答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the ma jority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to thesovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.3、After the English Revolution the constitutional monarchy has come into being as well as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Right established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England. The Bill of Rights limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions.6. What are the characteristics of French classicism?1) In the French classical literature, man was viewed as a social being consciously and willingly subject to discipline.2) Rationalism was believed to be able to discover the best principles of human conduct and the universal principles of natural laws. Here Descartes provided the philosophical foundation for the French neoclassicism.3) French classicism was fond of using classical forms, classical themes and values.第六章填空题：1. ________was the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment Montesquieu。
欧洲文化入门(中世纪)
作业1．第1题Which one of the following statements about the Great Famineis NOT true?A.It was the worst famine in European history.B.It lasted for seven hard years.C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies.D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10percent to 15 percent of the entire European population.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOTtrue?A.She was born in a well-to-do peasant family.B.She grew up with a strong religious belief.C.Charles refused her to accompany the army.D.She was burned at stake.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translatedbecause_____.A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah.B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose ofQur’an.C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted.D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegrationof the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death?A.the regional and ethnic diversityB.the conflicts between different successors to the throneC.the destructive attacks of non-Christian invadersD.the emergence of feudalism您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题The following statements about the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 are true EXCEPT ______.A.It accomplished its objectives.B.It received help from members of the noble classesC.It succeeded in showing the nobles what peasants were capable of when dissatisfied.D.It marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题Pope Urban VI started to reform the church and wanted to abolish the following abuses, EXCEPTA.SimonyB.PluralismC.AbsenteeismD.homosexual您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题During the Wat Tyler Rebellion, the rebels marched into London and executed the following important officials, EXCEPTA.Lord ChancellorB.Lord TreasurerC.magistrate of London, William TongeD.Archbishop of Canterbury您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题Alcuin established ______ as the basis for education during the Carolingian renaissance.A.the Carolingian minusculeB.trivium and quadriviumC.medieval LatinD.biblical texts您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题All the following statements about the medieval commune are true EXCEPT__.mune had its own local government, its own court, its own tax-collecting agencies and its own customs.B.Some communes gained their independence by paying lords to grant it to them, while others governed alongside their lord.C.No communes battled violently for rights ofself-governance.munes in Italy gained the right not only to govern themselves but also to rule the farmland and villages around them.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题What were the three forms of vernacular literature for town dwellers?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第21题Which is the correct description of life in the Byzantine Empire?A.Peasants had a hard life due to the high tax on land.B.Scholars were skeptical of Greek tradition.C.Women were excluded from education.D.Soldiers received poor salaries.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第22题Which one is NOT the reason that Justinian is considered the first great Byzantine emperor?A.He reconquered the lost territories of the former Western Roman Empire.B.He ordered scholars to codify all Roman laws into one coherent body of law.C.He declared himself to be God’s representative on earth.D.He commissioned the construction of Hagia Sophia.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第23题Which one of the following statements about the medieval universities is NOT true?A.The first university appeared in Italy.B.Bologna University was governed by a corporation of students, a pattern followed by other southern universities.C.University of Paris was dominated by a corporation of teachers, a pattern followed by other northern universities.D.A migration of scholars from Cambridge led to the establishment of the University of Oxford in England.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第24题Which of the following descriptions of pre-Islamic Arabia is not true?A.Pre-Islamic Arabia was backward and underdeveloped.B.Pre-Islamic Arabs showed no interest in sea trade.C.Mecca was one of the most important trading centers.D.Pre-Islamic Arabs would pray to their tribal gods or goddesses.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第25题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第26题The Council of Constance markedA.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages.B.the end of the Western Schism.C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy.D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第27题All the following statements about the Scholasticism are true, EXCEPTA.Some scholars tried in vain to forbid the study and teaching of Aristotle’s thoughtB.Some argued that reason alone could lead to truthC.Some argued that ultimate truth could not be discovered by reason, but was revealed to human by God in His mystical waysD.The most fruitful achievement was the attempt to harmonize faith and reason by the leading scholar St. Augustine您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第28题Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world?A.poetryB.proseC.historyD.drama您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.019．第29题The Late Middle Ages were marked by the following features, EXCEPT?A.Plague and famine caused millions of death in Europe.B.Along with depopulation came social unrest and conflicts.C.Rivalry between feudal governments led to wars, the most violent being the Hundred Years’ War fought between Germany and Italy.D.Peasant uprisings and urban revolts broke out in many countries.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第30题Which of the following statements about Papacy at Avignon is NOT true?A.The reform measures of Avignon papacy turned the papacy into a more spiritual than political institution.B.Several popes were Frenchmen, and 113 out of the 134 new cardinals created by the popes were French.C.Papal influence in England and in Germany declined.D.This period in church history is called the Babylonian Captivity.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.021．第31题Which of the following statements about ciompi is NOT true?A.They formed a ciompi guild.B.They formed a people’s militia.C.They granted political representation in the government.D.They had not lost their hold on power.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.022．第32题Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true?A.The Byzantines revered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.B.The Byzantines emphasized Greek scientific and mathematical tradition.C.The Byzantines were not only imitative, but also creative in their study of Greek tradition.D.The Byzantine authors thought they could eventually surpass ancient Greek authors.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.023．第33题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The pope was assisted by the papal curiaB.The curia was an extensive bureaucracy which contained specialized departmentsC.The curia was directed by the College of Cardinals whose members were selected by kingsD.Like kings, the popes issued laws, hired masters to collect revenues and judge cases, even declared wars您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第34题Which of the following statements about the third Crusade is NOT true?A.it had a strong start, but a weak endB.Frederick drowned on the wayC.Philip quarreled with Richard and went homeD.Richard stayed longer, and took Jerusalem.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.025．第43题Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the English.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第44题The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways, EXCEPTA.The Church failed to explain why God willed this awful punishment on His followers.B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.C.There was a severe shortage of clergy.D.Church was unable to cure the plague victims.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.027．第45题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The Hundred Years’ War harmed England more than France.B.The war stimulated the development of new weapons.C.The war speeded up the development of the English Parliament.D.The war promoted the growth of modern nationalism and awakened the national consciousness in the mind of their people.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.028．第48题In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from the Byzantine and Islamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____.A.the influence from the Germanic and Romance vernacular languages.B.the unstable political situation and a lack of central powerC.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.D.the lower level of intellectual and literary accomplishment您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第49题For those who want to convert to Islam, which of the following pillars of Islam is of the utmost importance?A.reciting the Muslim statement of faith with convictionB.performing ritual prayers five times a dayC.giving money or gifts to the poor and the needyD.observing a month-long fast every year and making a pilgrimage to Mecca您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.030．第50题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.031．第11题All classes in universities were taught in Latin and mostly by a lecture method.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第12题Among the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire and the Frankish Empire, only the first one received continuing influence from the Roman intellectual and legal tradition.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第13题The Islamic Golden Age is a period of cultural and intellectual growth and activity that persisted throughout the Islamic world between the 8th and 13th centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第14题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第15题When creating their own kingdoms, the Germanic tribes rejected all Roman institutions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第16题Hagia Sophia was the perfect representation of Byzantine civilization, which is a mixture of Greek, Roman and Persian cultural elements.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第17题Muhammad was not only a prophet, but also a political and military leader.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第18题Economic hardship was undoubtedly the major cause for the Jacquerie uprising.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第19题The new monarchs of late 15th century Germany, Italy and Spain laid the foundation for three of the great nation-states of modern Europe.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第20题The anti-English sentiment in the course of the Hundred Years’ War resulted in a strong feeling of hatred in France.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第35题Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第36题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic andvernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第37题The economy of the Byzantine Empire relied primarily on agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第38题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第39题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第40题The Roman Empire was the first true superpower in human history.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第41题Joan’s intervention marked the turning point in the Hundred Years’ War.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第42题From the Norman Conquest until the 14th century, French was the preferred language of the English crown and aristocracy, but after 1400 English gradually replaced French as the language of law courts and administration.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第46题The official language of Byzantine Empire was Latin.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第47题Charlemagne was the greatest Frankish king, who founded the first empire in Western Europe after the fall of Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：82.0作业总批注：。
(前2章)欧洲文化入门课后习题答案复习课程
(前2章)欧洲文化入门课后习题答案欧洲文化入门课后习题答案：Division one: Greek culture and Roman culture希腊、罗马文化Ⅰ.Greek culture 希腊文化1.What are the major elements in European culture?There are two main elements ——the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society?In Greek society, only adult male citizen had real power and the citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor. Slaves worked for their masters. The exploitation was a serious social problem. The Greeks loved sports. They often took part in the contests of sports in Olympus Mount, thus Olympic Games came into being.3.What did Homer do? Why is he important in the history of European literature?He depicted the great Greek men who lived in the period 1200-1100B.C. and wars happening at that time. As an author of epics, he employed fine literary language to describe wars and men, even though they were dull. He stood in the peek of Greek literature and exerted a great influence on his followers.4.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays dideach of them write?Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides were three outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece. Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound, Persians, AgamemnonSophocles: Oedipus the King, Electra, AntigoneEuripides: Andromache, Medea, Trojan Women5.Were there historians then? Who were they? What did each of them write about? Yes, there are. They were Herodotus and Thucydides.Herodotus wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians. Thucydides wrote about the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse.6. Would you say that philosophy was highly developed then? Who were the major philosophers?No, I wouldn’t. Because those philosophical ideas were only idealism or simple materialism or metaphysics. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the major philosophers at that time.7. Did Socrates write any book? How then do we know about him? What distinguished his philosophy?No, he didn’t. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in the famous Dialogues written by Plato. He considered that philosophy rested with the dissect of oneself and virtue was high worth of life. His method of argument, by questions and answers, was known as the dialectical method.8. Tell some of Plato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?(1) Men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general “ideas”, like beauty, truth, and goodness. (2) We should not look at the things which are not seen: for the things which arenot seen eternal. Because he emphasized the importance of “ideas” and believed that “thought” had created the world, people call him an idealist.9. In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato? What are some of Aristotle’s works that are still influential today?(1) Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. This is different from Plato’s reliance on subjective thinking. (2) He thought that “idea” and matter together made concrete individual realities in which he differed from Plato who held that ideas had higher reality than the political world. His significant works includes: Ethics, Politics and Rhetoric.10. Who were some of the other philosophers active in that period? Does the word “Epicurean” in its modern sense convey the true meaning of the philosophy of the ancient Epicureans? What were their views on pleasure?(1) They were Heracleitue, Democritus, Diogenes, Pyrrhon, Epicurus and Zeno.(2)No, it doesn’t. The ancient Epicureans believed pleasure to be the highest worth of life, but by pleasure they meant, not sensual enjoyment but that attained by the practice of virtue. But this idea was misled by modern people, in their sense, the word “Epicurean” has come to mean indulgence in luxurious living.11. Say something about Greek sculpture, pottery and architecture. What was the most famous Greek temple? Is it still there?(1) Along with the formation of Greek civilization, Greek sculpture, pottery and architecture got many great achievements. Greeks put into works of art the things they admired and worshiped, the scientific rules they discovered. Greek art evolved from the archaic period to the classical period which marked its maturity. (2) the most famous temple was the Acropolis at Athens. (3) Yes, it is still there.12. Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature.Some examples:(1) A Freudian term “Oedipus Complex” of 19th century originating from a Greek tragedy in which king Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. (2) In the early part of the 19th century , in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture i n works which have themselves become classics: Byron’ s Isle of Greece, Shelley’ s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’ s Ode on a Grecian Urn. (3) In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.Ⅱ. Roman culture 罗马文化1.What did the Roman have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chiefdifference between them?(1)The Romans had a lot in common with the Greeks. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified —Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on—and their myths to be fused. Their languages worked in similar ways and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh to Iceland.(2) There was one big difference. The Romans built up a vast empire. The Greeks didn’t, excepted for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.2.Explain Pax Romana.In the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus. Two centuries later, the Roman empire reached its greatest extent in the North and East. The emperors mainly relied on a strong army—the famous Roman Legions and an influential bureaucracy to exert their rules. Thus the Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting 200 years. This remarkable phenomenon in the history is known as Pax Romana.3.What contributions did the Romans make to the rule of law?In Roman’s earliest stage, only a number of patricians knew the customary legal procedure. When the rules were put into writing in the middle of the third century B.C. it marked a victory for the plebeians. There was further development of law under the emperors until it was codified, eventually to become the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.4.Who were the important prose writers in ancient Rome? What does “Ciceronian”mean? Did Cicero write that kind of rhetorical prose all the time?<1>Marcus Tullius Cicero and Julius Caesar were two important prose writers. <2> Ciceronian means Cicero’s eloquent oratorical manner of writing, Which has had an enormous influence on the developmen t of European prose.<3> No, he didn’t. Because Cicero appears as a different man with a different style, far less rhetorical, but colloquial and intimate.5.Give the example of the terse style of Julius Caesar’s prose.An example: I came, I saw, I conquered (models of succinct Latin).6.Who was Lucretius? What did he do?(1)Lucretius was a poet of ancient Rome.(2)He wrote the philosophical poem On the Nature of Thing to expound the ideas of Epicurus the Greek atomist.7.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the countries? In whatways is the book linked with the Greek past?(1)The book was Aeneid. (2)The story was about Aeneas, one of the princes of Troy, who escaped from that burning city when it fell to the Greeks, to carry on the Trojan cause in a new place, Rome. He didn’t go alone, but, carrying his father on his shoulders and leading his little son by the hand, a family group of three generations moved together. Thus in this way the book is linked with the Greek past.8.Why do we say Aeneus is a truly tragic hero?Because Aeneas had to betray the great passion of his life, his love for Dido, queen of Carthage, so that he could fulfill his historic mission.9.What is the chief Roman achievement in architecture? Give some examples.(1)The Romans were great engineers. They covered their world from one end to the other withroads, bridges, aqueducts, theatres and arenas.(2)Some examples:A.The Pantheon: the greatest the best preserved Roman temple built in 27B.C..B.Pont du Gard: it is an exceptionally well-preserved aqueduct that spans a wide valley insouthern France.10.Why are the wall-paintings of the ancient Romans still significant to us today?Roman painting was strongly influenced by the art of Greece. And it also had pecularities of its own. Unfortunately much of the painting no longer exists. There are, however, some wall-paintings from Pompeii and other towns near Naples. These wall-paintings include still lives, landscape paintings and figure paintings. Among them were Lady Musician and Young Girl, the Maiden Gathering Flowers and the Landscape.Division two: the Bible and Christianity基督教及其《圣经》1.What was the Hebrew’s major contribution to world civilization?The history of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament, which still later became the first part of the Christian Bible. Thus the Hebrews made one of the greatest contributions to the world civilization.2.Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?Judaism and Christianity are closely related: ⑴it was the Jewish tradition which gave birth to Christianity; ⑵both originated in Palestine—the hub of migration and trade route, which led to exchange ideas over wide areas.3.When did the great exodus take place?Around 1300 B.C., Moses, the famous Hebrew leader, went to see the pharaoh of Egypt, telling him that Yahweh wanted the pharaoh to end Hebrew slavery and let the Hebrew leave Egypt. With this began the Exodus, which lasted forty years.4.Who was Moses? What did he do for the Hebrews?Moses was a famous Hebrew leader. Around 1300 B.C., Moses led the Hebrews to leave Egypt for the Promised Land. This was called the Exodus which lasted forty years. When the wandering Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to the top of the mountain to receive form god message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments. He died shortly before the Hebrews arrived at their homeland.5.What are the Ten Commandments about?The Ten Commandment are a set of rules Moses commands all Israel to obey in the name of God: ⑴Yahweh is the only God all Israel should worship;⑵ Do not carve and serve any idol to worship; ⑶Do not take the name of God in vain; ⑷Keep the Sabbath day and labor in the other six days; ⑸Honor and respect one’s parents; ⑹Do not kill; ⑺Do not commit adultery; ⑻Do not steal; ⑼Do not bear false witness against people; ⑽Do not desire one’s neighbor’s wife, nor his house, nor his field, nor his servants, nor his livestock, nor anything else.6.What writings make up the New Testament?The New Testament consists of 14 books. The four accounts, which were believed to have been written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, four of Jesus’ early followers, are the first p art of the New Testament and tell of the birth, teaching, death and Resurrection of Jesus. Then come: the Acts of the Apostles, a history of the early Christian movement: the Epistles, or letters to thechurch groups around the Mediterranean; and lastly the book of Revelation, a visionary account of the final triumph of God’s purpose.7.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?The early Christian were subject to persecutions by the Roman government. Jesus Christ was crucified by the Roman government. After Jesus died, his disciplines St. Peter and St. Paul suffered martyrdom under the Roman Emperor Nero about 65 A.D. Nero even burned Christians in his garden in 64 A.D. For 240 years after the martyrdoms of Peter and Paul, persecutions of Christians continued. The chief persecutions were under Nero, Domitian, Trajan, Valerian and Diocletian. Despite these persecutions, Christians continued to spread steadily over the Mediterranean region. It began to draw men and women from all classes and the attitude of the Roman government toward Christianity began to change. By 305 Diocletian gave up his effort to destroy the young religion. When ConstantineⅠ won the throne from his rivals, he believedthat God had helped him, and in 313 he issued the Edict of Milan which granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal. Under Constantine Christianity made great contribution of the empire. The emperors who followed ConstantineⅠ continued pro-Christian policies. In 392 A.D., Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions. Now Christianity had changed from an object of oppression toa weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.8.How did Christian monks help Western civilization survive?The Christian monks helped western civilization survive in many ways: ⑴The Christian monksspread Christianity to the Mediterranean region and some of them even suffered martyrdom;⑵Some monks translated the Old Testament into Greek and St. Jerome translated the wholeBible into Latin. Later some such as John Wycliffe and William Tyndale translated the Bible into the vernacular; ⑶In the Middle Ages, people in Western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants. Of these three classes, the only literate section was the clergy. The Christian monks did a lot to help preserve and transmit a large part of the traditional heritage of the western culture. They not only translated the Bible into Latin or the Vernacular but also copied or translated the ancient works into the vernacular, such as the monks in these monasteries set up by Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.9.Why do we say the Bible has shaped Western culture more decisively than anythingelse ever written?Judeo-Christian tradition constitutes one of the two major components of European culture. The Bible which is virtually related to every phase of human life greatly influences people’s daily life, especially in the Middle Ages when almost everyone was a Christian; The Bible has great impact upon western literature. For a long period of time, the Latin Bible was accepted as the authority and Latin was official language of the Roman Catholic Church, so most Europe literature at that time was in Latin. Besides it is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English. Furthermore, the use of Biblical themes has been a literary tradition. In fact few great English and American writers of the 17th,18th, 19th and 20th century can be read and appreciated with satisfaction without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible; The study of the Christian teaching especially the Bible has become an important branch of knowledge—scholasticism which has been prevalent for centuries; The Bible has also influenced western philosophies and science. Thus the Bible has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written.。
2016下半年华师在线欧洲文化入门100分作业
2016下半年华师在线欧洲文化入门100分作业Which one of the following statements was NOT afactor that brought about the agricultural growthduring the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature washigher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.023．第30题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant inthat it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.024．第31题What were the three forms of vernacularliterature for town dwellers?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.025．第38题Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in thefollowing ways except for____.A.Both were concerned with the good of theindividual.B.Both were idealistic in world view.C.Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.D.Both thought highly of the peace of mind.您的答案：B题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.026．第39题Which factor did not facilitate the Islamic expansion?A.the well- organized Muslim ruling elite and a powerful Muslim army.B.people’s dissatisfaction with imperial rule in some Middle East areas.C.the tolerance of those cultures different from IslamD.the influence of the strict monotheism of Islam您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.027．第40题Three of the following statements are true with Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?A.He married his brother’s widow against Roman Catholic rules.B.He married his brother’s widow with the Pope' s authorization.C.He was eager to divorce the queen to end the poor marriage.D.He was eager to have a new marriage to bring him a male heir.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.028．第41题Which one does not belong to the Bronze Age civilizations of ancient Greece?A.Cycladic civilizationB.Helladic civilizationC.Hellenistic civilizationD.Minoan civilization您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.029．第43题Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?A.DoricB.IonicC.Corinthianposite您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.030．第44题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A.suppressed by the RomansB.eliminated by the RomansC.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.031．第45题Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?A.People’s AssemblyB.People’s CourtC.Council of citizensD.Council of nobles您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.032．第46题What is the Central Middle Ages also called?A.“Age of Art”B.“Age of History”C.“Age of Faith”D.“ Age of Science”您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.033．第47题Luther called on the German princes to reject the foreign pope’s authority and establish a reformed German church in _____________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.034．第48题All land in Sumer belonged to _____.A.the kingsB.godsC.the noblesD.free farmers您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.035．第49题Three of the following statements are true with the Jesuits. Which one is the exception?A.They were highly respected for their learning and the purity of their lives.B.They became the principal university teachers in all European countries.C.They helped to stop the spread of Lutheranism into south Germany.D.They helped to spread Catholicism to the countries beyond Europe.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.036．第56题Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the English.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars.您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.037．第57题Which statement about the humanist education during the Renaissance is wrong?A.The goal of education was to produce independent, virtuous and capable men who excelled in many different fields.B.The program of study relied heavily on classical training, but it also contained many other subjects.C.The Renaissance education enhanced the impact of the humanist ideas on the ruling class and the elite.D.The educational program of the humanists placed a high value on science.您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.038．第58题In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from the Byzantine and Islamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____.A.the influence from the Germanic and Romancevernacular languages.B.the unstable political situation and a lack of central powerC.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.D.the lower level of intellectual and literary accomplishment您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.039．第59题Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?A.His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.B.His sharp criticism of conventional values.C.His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.D.His use of graceful language and perfect form.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.040．第60题During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat the following living creatures, EXCEPTA.catsB.ratsC.snakesD.dogs您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.041．第20题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.042．第21题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.043．第22题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第23题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第24题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第25题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第26题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误此题得分：2.048．第32题The official language of Byzantine Empire was Latin.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第33题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第34题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第35题At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.052．第36题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.053．第37题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challengefor religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.054．第42题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第50题The confidence the Europeans had developed in the Central Middle Ages was destroyed by the travails of the Late Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第51题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.057．第52题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.058．第53题The Late Middle Ages are often described as a period of crisis and decline.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.059．第54题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.060．第55题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：100.0。
秋华师网院在线作业欧洲文化入门古代
您的答案：B
题目分数：
此题得分：
26．第40题
Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?
1．第1题
Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.
by the Romans
by the Romans
into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans
by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.
Sparta, class conflict became severer and traditional virtues were corrupted.
were constant clashes between different city-states.
您的答案：B
题目分数：
此题得分：
14．第21题
您的答案：C
题目分数：
此题得分：
28．第42题
The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities is ____.
您的答案：A
题目分数：
became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.
2014秋华南师范大学《欧洲文化入门》在线作业及满分答案
2014秋华南师范大学《欧洲文化入门》在线作业及满分答案内容摘要：1．第1题The Wars of Roses ended up inA.The emergence of the new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rose.B.The split of the two royal houses.C.Th...1．第1题The Wars of Roses ended up inA.The emergence of the new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rose.B.The split of the two royal houses.C.The establishment of the Dynasty of Tudor by King Henry VIII.D.The subsequent ruling of England and Scotland for 117 years.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.02．第2题The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.A.adventureB.funC.violenceD.entertainment您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.paying more attention to man’s world and life on earth.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题All the following statements about the Scholasticism are true, EXCEPT A.Some scholars tried in vain to forbid the study and teaching of Ari stotle’s thoughtB.Some argued that reason alone could lead to truthC.Some argued that ultimate truth could not be discovered by reason, but was revealed to human by God in His mystical waysD.The most fruitful achievement was the attempt to harmonize faith an d reason by the leading scholar St. Augustine您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题Christianity originated from__.A.TurkeyB.PalestineC.North AfricaD.the Western Europe您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题What is the limit of term for the members of the Senate of the RomanRepublic?A.2 yearsB.4 yearsC.5 yearsD.life您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题Egypt was conquered by ____ in 31 B.C. and renamed “Africa.”A.GreeksB.ArabsC.RomansD.Persians您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题The founder of the Hebrew race was ____.A.JacobB.MosesC.AbrahamD.Joseph您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题The ancient Egyptians divided a year into ___ seasons.A.2B.3C.4D.5您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in that it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.011．第27题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The Hundred Years’ War harmed England more than France.B.The war stimulated the development of new weapons.C.The war speeded up the development of the English Parliament.D.The war promoted the growth of modern nationalism and awakened the national consciousness in the mind of their people.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第28题Which of the following statements about art in the Central Middle Age s is NOT true?A.Architecture was the foremost art form.B.Schools were the primary focus of architectural endeavors.C.Architecture integrated all the visual arts in presentations of Chr istianity’s rich symbolic and spiritual values.D.Other arts were used to decorate churches with sculpture and painti ng, woodcarving and metalwork, and stained glass.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第29题What one is a correct description of the western European feudalism i n the Early Middle Ages?A.Feudalism was a product of the Carolingian world and it operated on two levels.B.A feudal king’s actual power depended on the number of his vassals.C.A vassal holding a fief must not divide it into smaller fiefs.D.Financial service was the main reason for the feudal system to exis t.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第30题The following kings were called “new monarchs”, EXCEPTA.Louis XI of FranceB.Friedrich I of GermanyC.Henry VII of EnglandD.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第31题The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities is ____.A.AthensB.SpartaC.AlexandriaD.Thebes您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第32题Which description of Petrarch is wrong?A.He was known as the “father of humanism”.B.He was the first to coin the term “Dark Ages”.C.He valued his Italian writings more than his Latin writings.D.He was financed by Galeazzo II Visconti.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第33题In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially made Christianity legal.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第34题Which categories of publication does Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly b elong to?A.clever satires to expose people’s errorsB.serious moral books to offer people Christian guidanceC.scholarly editions of basic Christian textsD.collection of stories to amuse people您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第35题_____ is the longest river in the world.A.The TigrisB.The AmazonC.The MississippiD.The Nile您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第36题Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typica l Roman?A.domeB.vaultC.archD.column您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第37题In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian force s and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.A.ThermopylaeB.MarathonC.SalamisD.Plataea您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第38题Luther attacked the belief that the sacramental system was the only m eans to salvation and called for the reform of monasticism in _______ _________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第43题Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and we stern Europe during the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true? A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leading economy during the mid-8th and mid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.024．第44题The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following br anches EXCEPT ______.A.the executive branchB.the deliberative branchC.the legislative branchD.the judicial branch您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第45题Which one of the following groups of the people could vote in the Rom an assemblies?A.Roman generals and adult male plebiansB.anyone whose parents were RomansC.adult Roman males and females.D.literate Greek slaves您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第46题The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT,A.The territorial disputes between England and France.B.The clash of economic interest in Flanders.C.Famine, plague, economic turmoil, social upheaval.D.The dispute over the French royal succession.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第47题Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the Eng lish.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第48题Which is not the similarity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第49题Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jewsduring the Roman time was NOT true?A.In 64B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province.B.The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limited self-rule.C.Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emp erors as gods.D.The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第50题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire unti l the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第11题The Roman Empire was the first true superpower in human history.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第12题The official language of Byzantine Empire was Latin.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第13题Muhammad was not only a prophet, but also a political and military le ader.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第14题The Late Middle Ages are often described as a period of crisis and de cline.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第15题Joan’s intervention marked the turning point in the Hundred Years’War.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第16题Troughout the Middle Ages the Iberia Peninsula was marked by unity an d plurality.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第17题The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period of the Roman Republic.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第18题The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced t o the Etruscan tradition.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第19题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第20题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第21题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Ro man authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第22题Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers ei ther in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第23题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第24题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civil ization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第25题The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures. 您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第26题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformatio n, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes amongChristians.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第39题The Vikings originated from the Scandinavian Peninsula and included D anes, Norwegians, Swedes and Magyars.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第40题Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was v ery different from today’s western countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第41题The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as toda y.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第42题Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and Protestant Churches.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0。
欧洲文化入门（阅读）欧洲第三次作业—近代早期（100分）
欧洲文化入门（阅读）欧洲第三次作业—近代早期（100分）1．第1题The reasons for Henry’s reform in England were mainly ________.A.religiousB.personalC.politicalD.both B and C您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题Three of the following statements are true with the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Which one is the exception?A.It was in nature a reaction to Protestantism.B.It was the result of Catholic self-criticism.C.It resulted from the Protestant Reformation.D.It resulted from a Church-wide call for reform.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题Three of the following statements are true with the Elizabethan Compromise. Which one is the exception?A.The Church of England again rejected the authority of the pope.B.The Church of England began to compromise with the Papacy.C.Elizabeth again condemned Catholic teachings andpractices.D.Elizabeth,as a protestant, also forbade extreme Protestantism.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第14题The most immediate effect of the Reformation was ___________________.A.the increase in the power of princes and kingsB.the more and more secularized western EuropeC.the outburst of fighting among religious groupsD.the more emphasis on the value of the individual 您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.05．第15题Which is not the similarity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Bocc accio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.06．第16题Which description of the Age of Renaissance is correct?A.The Renaissance happened right after the Late Middle Ages in time.B.The Renaissance reached a peak at the end of the sixteenth century.C.The Renaissance began as a literary movement.D.The Renaissance was opposed to humanism.您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.07．第17题Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.08．第18题Which of the following facts is NOT true with the situation in the Church of Rome before the Reformation?A.The sale of Church offices to wealthy families.B.The sale of indulgences to individual believers.C.Some clegymen held several positions at the same time.D.Clergymen must meet strict moral and educational standards.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第19题Three of the following statements are true with the earlyexperience of Luther. Which one is the exception?A.Luther lived up to his father and became a priest.B.Luther had a horrible experience in a thunderstorm.C.He tried his best to get rid of his sin to satisfy God.D.He damaged his health by eating and sleeping less.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第20题The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.pay ing more attention to man’s w orld and lifeon earth.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第21题Which of the following Renaissance writers was not known for his sonnets?A.DanteB.PetrarchC.Edmund SpencerD.William Shakespeare您的答案：A此题得分：1.012．第22题Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art?A.Early RenaissanceB.Middle RenaissanceC.High Renaissance/doc/2d15770041.html,te Renaissance您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第23题Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art?A.BrunelleschiB.DonatelloC.MasaccioD.Raphael您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第24题Which is the key feature of the Mannerism of the Late Renaissance art?A.the invention of new artistic techniquesB.the imitation of Greek and Roman stylesC.the representation of idealized human figuresD.the use of intense colors, strange themes and twisted figures.您的答案：D此题得分：1.015．第25题Which one is not the main characteristic of Shakespeare as a Renaissance man?A.His interest in classical cultureB.His belief in humanismC.His support of individualismD.His consciousness of national identity您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第26题Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht D黵erD.Jan van Eyck您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第27题Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory?A.Nicolas CopernicusB.Johannes KeplerC.GalileoD.Francis Bacon您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第28题Luther called on the German princes to reject theforeign pope’s authority and establish a reformed German church in _____________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第29题Luther further explained his doctrine of faith and justification in ______________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.020．第30题The successful spread of Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire is due to three of the following facts. Which one is the exception?A.The unstable political situation in the Holy Roman Empire.B.Public discontent caused by high papal taxes on Germans.C.Extreme anger in Germany against the power of the pope.D.Luther' s intention to extend his doctrine of social equality.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.021．第31题Three of the following statements are true with Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?A.He married his brother’s widow against Roman Catholic rules.。
欧洲文化入门练习及参考答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案(总21页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 .7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodo tus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy. 论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop1) Probably around 1200 ., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century .A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century ., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 ., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greekculture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played avital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculatedfreely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Romanculture答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 ., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 ., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story about God’s f looding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as_________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the LatinVulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religioushistory of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. Ittells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it fromall other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoeverbelieves in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 . By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the LatinVulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers ledby John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. I t was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English B ible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition ofthe Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucerand The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manorswere founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas,into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other stylein history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantinesand Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in le arning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in verna cular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting pointof a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovationby introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and thefirst modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting pointof a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in theMedieval times1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churchesof the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors,with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the ChurchFathers’ philosop hy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed atopposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control overthe church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South Americaas a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount oftheir gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest,debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began totake shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation beforeformulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hob bes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.。
欧洲文化入门在线作业——判断题答案
作业1．第1题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secularlife of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：2．第2题The confidence the Europeans had developed in the Central Middle Ageswas destroyed by the travails of the Late Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：3．第3题The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissancein northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：4．第4题It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：5．第5题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：6．第6题Since the 3rd century the eastern half of the Roman Empire was more prosperous than the western half.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：7．第7题Before the rise of Islam, Arabs did not believe in Allah.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：8．第8题Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one single group of ancient people living in the region.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：9．第9题judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：10．第10题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：11．第11题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.此题得分：12．第12题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：13．第13题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：14．第14题Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：15．第15题Hagia Sophia was the perfect representation of Byzantine civilization, which is a mixture of Greek, Roman and Persian cultural elements.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：Before the Carolingian renaissance, cultural and educational standards in Western Europe had already surpassed those of the Byzantine Empire or Muslim world.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：17．第17题Economic hardship was undoubtedly the major cause for the Jacquerie uprising.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：18．第18题Troughout the Middle Ages the Iberia Peninsula was marked by unity and plurality.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：20．第20题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：21．第21题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：22．第22题During the period of the Five Good Emperors, smooth hereditary succession guaranteed political stability.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：23．第23题In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：24．第24题Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：25．第25题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.题目分数：此题得分：26．第26题Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：27．第27题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：28．第28题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.题目分数：此题得分：29．第29题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：30．第30题Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：31．第31题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to t ranslate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确此题得分：32．第32题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：33．第33题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：34．第34题The economy of the Byzantine Empire relied primarily on agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：35．第35题The Islamic Golden Age is a period of cultural and intellectual growth and activity that persisted throughout the Islamic world between the 8th and 13th centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：36．第36题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：37．第37题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：38．第38题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：39．第39题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：40．第40题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：41．第41题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：42．第42题The Roman Empire was the first true superpower in human history.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：43．第43题Charlemagne was the greatest Frankish king, who founded the first empire in Western Europe after the fall of Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：44．第44题Knowing the true cause of the disease, many Christians considered theBlack Death a signal of the Last Judgment.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：45．第45题The new monarchs of late 15th century Germany, Italy and Spain laid the foundation for three of the great nation-states of modern Europe.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：46．第46题The anti-English sentiment in the course of the Hundred Years’ War resulted in a strong feeling of hatred in France.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：47．第47题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.题目分数：此题得分：48．第48题The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period of the Roman Republic.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：49．第49题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：50．第50题Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.题目分数：此题得分：51．第51题Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：52．第52题Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year into four seasons.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：53．第53题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确此题得分：54．第54题It was only in the 16t h century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：55．第55题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the CatholicCounter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：56．第56题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确此题得分：57．第57题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：58．第58题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：59．第59题All classes in universities were taught in Latin and mostly by a lecture method.您的答案：正确题目分数：60．第60题At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：61．第61题Among the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire and the Frankish Empire, only the first one received continuing influence from the Roman intellectual and legal tradition.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：62．第62题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：63．第63题The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：64．第64题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：65．第65题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：66．第66题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：67．第67题When creating their own kingdoms, the Germanic tribes rejected all Roman institutions.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：68．第68题Muhammad was not only a prophet, but also a political and military leader.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：69．第69题The Late Middle Ages are often described as a period of crisis and decline.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：70．第70题What really triggered off the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 was an attempt to collect a new type of national tax to pay for the failing war with France.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：71．第71题From the Norman Conquest until the 14th century, French was the preferred language of the English crown and aristocracy, but after 1400 English gradually replaced French as the language of law courts and administration.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：72．第72题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：73．第73题In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, only when both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：74．第74题The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：75．第75题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：76．第76题The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：77．第77题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：78．第78题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：79．第79题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：80．第80题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：作业总得分：作业总批注：。
(0174)《欧洲文化入门》网上作业题及答案
[0174]《欧洲文化入门》第一批[论述题]1.The Bible2. Renaissance参考答案：[判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确[判断题]14. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.参考答案：错误[判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.参考答案：错误[判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：错误[判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确[判断题]1. Homer's epics described the events of Homer's own time.参考答案：错误[判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, andearly 18th century European socialism.参考答案：错误[判断题]9. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and wi th RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. In the period of Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误第二批[论述题]1.John Lock2.Lugwig von Beethoven参考答案：[单选题]1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A：the Greek and RomanB：the Judaism and ChristianityC：the Greco-RomanD：both A and B参考答案：D[单选题]2. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy. A：UripidesB：AristophanesC：SophoclesD：Aeschylus参考答案：B[单选题]3. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.A：27 B.CB：395C：476D：1453参考答案：C[单选题]4. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611. A：The SeptuagintB：The VulgateC：Wycliff’s versionD：Authorized version参考答案：D[单选题]5. ____ in a few hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy and Germany.A：Germanic tribesB：The HunsC：The Anglo-SaxonsD： The Visigoths参考答案：A[单选题]6. Dante Alighieri's masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature. A： Song of RolandB：the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C：BeowulfD： the Divine Comedy参考答案：D[单选题]7. After the 16-century Reformation, _____ came into being.A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestantism参考答案：D[单选题]8. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD： Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B[单选题]9. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.A：RealismB：NaturalismC：ModernismD：Impressionism参考答案：C[单选题]10.Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, _____ , written between 1925 and 1940.A： My ApprenticeshipB： The StrangerC：The Quiet DonD：Remembrance of Things Past参考答案：C第三批[论述题]1. Church of England（英国国教）2. The Spirit of Laws（《法意》）3. Aristotle（亚里士多德）4. Beowulf （《贝奥武夫》）5. the Authorized or King James version of the Bible（ "钦定圣经”）参考答案：第四批[论述题]1. Francesco Petrarch （彼特拉克）2. John Locke （洛克）3. Black Humour（黑色幽默）4. Cubism （立体派）参考答案：第五批[论述题]Marxism参考答案：[判断题]10. The term " Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Samuel Beckett's masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, The Quiet Don, written between 1925 and 1940.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. T.S. Eliot's long poem the Waste Land is his major contribution to English poetry. 参考答案：正确[判断题]6. Dubliners by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.参考答案：错误[判断题]5. In Freudian system, Id is the container of the instinctual urges.参考答案：正确[判断题]4. Realism was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.参考答案：错误[判断题]3. The term " impressionism” was taken directly from the title of Manet's Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).参考答案：错误[判断题]2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that " man is the measure of all th ings.”参考答案：错误[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确第六批[判断题]10. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.参考答案：正确[判断题]9. Delacroix was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]8. Goya was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确[判断题]7. The publication of Mickiewicz's Sonnets from the Crimea _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.参考答案：错误[判断题]6. Pushkin stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, Eugene Onegin is generally recognized as his masterpiece.参考答案：正确[判断题]5. In 1798, Songs of Experience , a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.参考答案：错误[判断题]4. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of Rousseau, in France and from the Storm and Stress movement in Germany. 参考答案：正确[判断题]3. Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.参考答案：正确[判断题]2. Zola defined the theory of realism and illustrated it in his great work entitled the Human Comedy参考答案：错误[判断题]1. In Europe, the realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France.参考答案：正确[论述题]1.Dadaism2. The Human Comedy参考答案：。
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________.27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答：1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens.2）Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he went and conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答：There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Iri shman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture?答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story abo ut God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis, Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells abouta religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答：Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated fromthe Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷin 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version,first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern OrthodoxChurch.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding—a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land. 3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors werefounded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic statereaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in re newing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. Hismain work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterative verse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’daily life and almost everyone became a member of the Church. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating anc ient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or TheAnglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves intranslating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to paya good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. T omas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. BourgeoisieRevolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals. This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times? 答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics,owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes.2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There wasa prof ound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes inman’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a generalconclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the American Revolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power orgovernment backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.。
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1．第1题Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.A.Both were concerned with the good of the individual.B.Both were idealistic in world view.C.Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.D.Both thought highly of the peace of mind.您的答案：B题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.02．第2题Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jews during the Roman time was NOT trueA.In 64B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province.B.The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limited self-rule.C.Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emperors as gods.D.The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet.您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.03．第3题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.04．第4题The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______.A.Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.B.economic gains for all RomansC.social conflicts and slave uprisingsD.increased political power for military commanders您的答案：B题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.05．第5题Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland GreeceA.DoricB.Ionicposite您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the GreatA.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题The Roman Empire reached it largest territorial extent during the reign of _____.A.Julius Caesar (46-44B.C.)B.Octavian (27 B.C.-14 A.D.)C.Trajan (98-117 A.D.)D.Constantine the Great (306-337 A.D.)您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditaryA.OctavianB.DiocletianC.ConstantineD.Theodosius您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities is ____.A.AthensB.SpartaC.AlexandriaD.Thebes您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题Which of the following statements about ancient Greek sculpture is NOT trueA.The beauty of human form was the most important subject.B.The archaic Greek artists created two sculptural human forms, the kouros and kore.C.The classical Greek sculptors represented human body less naturally or relaxed.D.The Hellenistic Greek sculptors liked to represent extreme emotions in the human face and figure.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题The second founding father of Christianity was _____.A.St. PeterB.St. PaulC.St. AthanasiusD.St. Augustine您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题Which one of the countries below was not part of the ancient Near EastA.ArmeniaB.TurkeyC.IsraelD.Iraq您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题The Tigris and Euphrates are originated from which countryA.IraqB.ArmeniaC.TurkeyD.Iran您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题That Aeneid, the legendary founder of the city of Rome, was the prince of _____ suggests a certain link between the Roman civilization and ancient Near East.A.EtruriaB.GreeceC.TroyD.Phoenicia您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题The first city- builders in Italy were ________.A.the GreeksB.the LatinsC.the EtruscansD.the Italians您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题Which one of the Roman Emperors resembles the “philosopher king” praised by PlatoA.Trajan (r. 98-117 A.D.)B.Hadrian (r. 117-138 A.D.)C.Antoninus Pius (r. 138-161 A.D.)D.Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180 A.D.)您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题The ethnic origin of Jesus was ____.A.GreekB.RomanC.HebrewD.European您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题Which one of the following peoples first practiced monotheismA.ancient EgyptiansB.ancient HebrewsC.ancient GreeksD.ancient Sumerians您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第19题The founder of the Hebrew race was ____.A.JacobB.MosesC.AbrahamD.Joseph您的答案：C题目分数：1.020．第30题Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrectA.Ancient Greeks believed that the gods have human forms and human personality.B.For the Greeks, the gods only favored those people and states that honored them.C.In ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside the temple.D.Oracles also played an important part in the Greek religion and beliefs.您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.021．第31题Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the RomansA.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing public land to landless citizensD.cutting down land taxes or rent您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.022．第32题Which Hellenistic kingdom ruled Egypt and parts of the Middle EastA.Ptolemaic KingdomB.Antigonid KingdomC.Seleucid KingdomD.Pergamum Kingdom您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.023．第33题The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.A.small farmersB.slavesC.serfsD.Roman legions您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.024．第34题The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.A.adventureB.funC.violenceD.entertainment您的答案：C此题得分：1.025．第35题Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”A.HerodotusB.ThucydidesC.XenophonD.Polybius您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.026．第36题In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially made Christianity legal.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.027．第37题Christians considered pagan gods_____.A.as demonsB.as humansC.incredibleD.supernatural您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.028．第38题_____ is the longest river in the world.A.The TigrisB.The AmazonC.The MississippiD.The Nile您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.029．第39题It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal.A.the 1st Punic WarB.the 2nd Punic WarC.the 3rd Punic WarD.the 4th Punic War您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.030．第40题The Roman Republic was founded in _____.A.509B.C.B.471 B.C.C.445 B.C.D.367 B.C.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.031．第41题Britain was turned into a Roman province in ________.A.the 1st centuryB.C.B.the 1st centuryC.the 2nd centuryD.the 3rd century.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.032．第42题In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.A.ThermopylaeB.MarathonC.SalamisD.Plataea您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.033．第43题The so-called Mesopotamia civilization included cultures developed by the following groups of people EXCEPT _______.A.BabyloniansB.PersiansC.SumeriansD.Assyrians您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.034．第44题Which one of the following items was NOT invented by the ancient MesopotamiansA.guitarB.magnifying glassC.lock and keyD.gunpowder您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.035．第45题Which one does not belong to the Bronze Age civilizations of ancient GreeceA.Cycladic civilizationB.Helladic civilizationC.Hellenistic civilizationD.Minoan civilization您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.036．第56题Which one is NOT the aftermath of the Peloponnesian WarsA.In Athens, democracies collapsed and the empire crumbled.B.Many city-states rebelled against the imperialistic rule of the Athens.C.In Sparta, class conflict became severer and traditional virtues were corrupted.D.There were constant clashes between different city-states.您的答案：B题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.037．第57题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exceptionA.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案：A题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.038．第58题Which one of the following groups of the people could vote in the Roman assembliesA.Roman generals and adult male plebiansB.anyone whose parents were RomansC.adult Roman males and females.D.literate Greek slaves您的答案：A题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.0Which one of the following statements about ancient Egyptian religious belief is NOT trueA.The ancient Egyptians practised polytheism.B.All Egyptian gods had an animal head and a human body.C.Ancient Egyptians built temples to communicate with their gods.D.Egyptians believed in final judgement and resurrection.您的答案：B题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.040．第60题All of the following political ideas can be accredited to the Romans EXCEPT ____.A.popular sovereigntyB.social contract theoryC.democracyD.separations of power您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.041．第20题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.042．第21题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.043．第22题In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.044．第23题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.045．第24题Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.0Officers in the Roman Republic were produced by drawing lots.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第26题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第27题Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第28题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第29题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第46题Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one single group of ancient people living in the region.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第47题judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.053．第48题Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the prac tice was very different from today’s western countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第49题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第50题The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced to the Etruscan tradition.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第51题Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.057．第52题In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.058．第53题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.059．第54题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.060．第55题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia. 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：100.0作业总批注：。
欧洲文化入门Exercise I(100)
A.form
B.emotions
C.authority
D.being immortal
您的答案：D
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
19．第19题
The ancient Greeks___.
A.learned myths from Rome
B.firmly believed myths to be true
B.the patriarchal social system in Ancient Greece
C.the communal marriage in the primitive society
D.the communal structure in the primitive society
B.was a Trojan prince who
C.was a Greek hero who
D.was a Trojan hero who
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
22．第22题
According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world.
您的答案：C
题目分数：1.0
此题得分：1.0
8．第8题
The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.
A.before the 6th century BC
B.before coming into contact with Greek culture
欧洲文化入门试题及答案
I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1.Two major elements in European culture are ______ .A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2.deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the cityof Troy).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3.The play Prometheus Bound was written by.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4.The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was, who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD.Aeschylus5.was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6,by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7.Dante called ___ " the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8.Euclid is even now well-known for his.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9.has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10.Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between.A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11.It is who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagorastook supreme power as emperor with the title of in 27 B. C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13.The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14.The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, calledA. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15.In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian CaPtiVity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 .16.The most important and influential of English Bible is, first published in 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version17.is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff,s versionD. Authorized version18.It is generally accepted that and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19.The Middle Ages is a period in which,and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20.The centre of medieval life under feudalism was.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21.In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into _______ a nd the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22.by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23.The Anglo-Saxon epic ______ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24.Generally speaking. Renaissance refers to the period between.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25.is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26.Fracesco Petrarch, the author of____ , is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27.After Reformation,came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28.Which was NOT true about DurerA, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29.Father of modern astronomy is.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30.Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31.1,theories have given rise to important developments of modem science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32.In the first, Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A.the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government33.Thomas Hobbes,s is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A.LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC.Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD.Treatise of Civil Government34.The theme of is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35.was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MoliereD. Descartes36.Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37.Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of theA. John LockeB. RousseauC. VoltaireD. Montesquieu38.In which of Diderofs works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles DarwinA. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau,s NephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39.1,novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40.Which of the Lessing,s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German dramaA. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgicD. Nathan the Wise41.In, Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister,s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42.Among Schiller,s works,was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43.Kant,s years of his philosophical studies are Crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44.It has been said that tς the world had waited centuries for and he was only to remain herea moment”.A. BeethovenB. HaydnC. MozartD. Bach45.Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novelA. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott46.In 1798,, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Lyrical BalladsC. Isles of GreeceD. Ode to the West Wind47.Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women ,s freedom in love and marriageA. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding48.StOOd in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia,is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our TimeB. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris GodunovD. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin49.The publication of Mickiewicz,s is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism inPolish literature.A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RamancesD. Pan Tadeusz50.Beethoven,s is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller,s Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 951.sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi52.Based on, Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economythe Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party53.Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of, so Marx discovered the law of development of.the survival of the fittest, the communist partythe natural selection, the scientific socialismorganic nature, human historyD. natural species, historical societies54.In 1858 Darwin received a letter from, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.A. John Stevens HenslowB. Charles LyellC. Thomas HuxleyD. Alfred Russel Wallace55.Zola defined the theory of and illustrated it in his great work entitled.naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame BovaryC. realism, the Human ComedyD. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma56.was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy57.holds an important position in his own country's cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy58.Among Ibsen,s masterpieces,is a plea for the emancipation of women.A. GhostsB. A DolΓs HouseC. the Wild DuckD. Hedda Gabler59.Among Charles Dickens,s works,has the most intricate, complicated plot.A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House60.1,George Eliofs masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.A. MiddlemarchB. The Mill on the FlossC. Adam BedeD. Silas Marner61.The term “impressionism“ was taken directly from the title of Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).A. Renoir,sB. Pissarro,sC. Manet,sD. Monet,s62.was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.A. RenoirB. DegasC. MonetD. Pissarro63. reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.A. Paul CezanneB. Paul GauguinC. Vincent van GoghD. Auguste Rodin64.In Freudian system,is the container of the instrinctual urges.A. IdB. EgoC. SuperegoD. Oedipus Comlex65.. Eliofs long poem is his major Contibution to English poetry.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four QuartetsC. the Waste LandD. imagism66.by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. Ulysses67.The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of playLook Back in Anger (1956).A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s68.poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry.A. John Osbome,sB. Kingsley Amis,sC. Allen Ginsberg,sD. Jack Kerouac,s69.is known as the first44 cubisf, novel: in his novels, one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera,s eye.A. Samuel BeckettB. Nathalie SarrauteC. Jean-Paul SartreD. Alain Robbe-Grillet70.masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the mostfamous Absurd Drama. A. Nathalie Sarraute*s B. Samuel Beckett ,sC. Jean-Paul Sartre ,sD. Alain Robbe-Grillefs ∏. Match the names ofColumn A with the appropriate items of Column B.Column Ba. the founder of the inductive methodb. Don Giovannic. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theoryd. a universal geniuse. The Execution of the Third of Mayf. Eugene Oneging. the Oedipus complexh. The Aeneidi. Fabricaj. Prometheus Unbound k. Critique of Pure Reasonl.The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs m. Encyclopedie n. the first to use the term Renaissanceo. Institutes of the Christian Religion p. the supreme figure in scholasticismq. The Betrothed r. The Social Contract s. Phaedrat. the founder of analytical geometry (b) Ten Commandments(c ) the Cantos ](d) Elements (e) Moll Flanders (f) Last Supper(g)The Waste Land(h) Paradise Lost(i)The Marriage of Figaro (j) the Starry Messenger(a) author of "The Red and the Black" (b) Polish astronomer(c)Emperor of the Romans(d) Dutch Baroque painter(e)author of the painting of MadonnaColumn A 1. Sophocles 2. Democritus 3. Virgil4. Thomas Aquinas5. Da Vinci6. John Calvin7. Andreas Vesalius8. Giorgio Vasari9. Goya10. Percy Bysshe Shelley 11. Alessandro Manzoni 12. Aleksander Pushkin 13. Immanuel Kant 14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 15. Rene Descartes 16. Francis Bacon 17. Nicolaus Copemicus 18. Jean Racin 19. Diderot20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin 22. da Vinci [] 23. Galileo [] 1.1. Eliot [ 25. Milton [ 26. Defoe [ J 27. Pushkin [] 28. Mozart [] 29. Moses []( 30. Ezra Pound [] 21. Charlemagne [] 22. Raphael I ] 23. Virgil I ] 24. Copernicus [] 25. Cromwell [](f) Latin poetg) author of the poem "London" (h) Ulysses(i) leader of the English revolution(j) composer of Messiah(a) the Society of Jesus(b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific (c) Dialogues (d) the mazurkas(e)The Counterfeiters(f) Faust(g) the Divine Comedy(h) the Advancement of Learning(i) Ulysses(j)Prometheus Unbound1. Which of the following is not true about AristotleA. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman EmpireA. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as. A. a religious book B. literature C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization. 5. The Crusades were wars between.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope* s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above 7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was.A. What do I knowB. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope26. Rembrandt [] 27. Handel [] 28. William Blake [ J 29. Stendhal [] 30. James Joyce [] 21. Plato [J 22. Dante [] 23. Ignatius [ ∣ 24. Bacon [] 25. Engels [] 26. James Joyce [] 27. Shelley [] 28. Goethe [] 29. Chopin [] 30. Andre Gide []B.discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC.explored the mouth of the AmazonD.was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9.Which of the following laws was discovered by NewtonA. Law of inertia.B. Law of faking bodies.C. Law of relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10.In Locke's political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government wasA. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11.Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial RevolutionA.The substitution of water power for human power.B.The introduction of machine.C.The beginning of the factory system.D.The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12."Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by.A. VoltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13.In the works of can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14.The poem of Byron's that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15.Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC.ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty3.1.is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinD.Schumann17.Which of the following works was not written by Charles DickensA. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18.The author of the short story The Necklace was.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19."The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EHotD. William Butler Yeats20.regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. ShoIokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第二部分非选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left handcolumn with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)21. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) OtheIIo26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. CoIeridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) (j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each Of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31.What are the three styles in Greek architecture32.What was Marcus Cicero noted for33.What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture34.Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake35.What is the theory put forward by Copemicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs"36.What is Montesquieu's redefinition of law参考答案L 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A 12. B 13.C 14. D 15.C 16. B17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, fm. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.32.Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.33.The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture.34.Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings.35.The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.36.Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things. Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.(3)The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors.(4)Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.。
欧洲文化入门复习题答案
欧洲文化入门复习题答案一、填空题1. 欧洲文化通常指的是欧洲大陆上各国的文化遗产和艺术成就，其中包括文学、艺术、音乐、哲学等多个领域。
2. 欧洲文艺复兴起源于14世纪的意大利，是欧洲历史上的一个重要时期，标志着从中世纪向现代过渡。
3. 法国大革命是18世纪末至19世纪初的一场政治、社会和文化变革，对欧洲乃至世界历史产生了深远的影响。
4. 欧洲的宗教改革运动主要发生在16世纪，它导致了基督教的分裂，形成了天主教和新教两大教派。
5. 欧洲启蒙运动是18世纪的一场思想解放运动，强调理性、科学和批判精神，对现代民主政治和文化有着重要影响。
二、选择题1. 欧洲文艺复兴的中心是（C）A. 法国巴黎B. 德国柏林C. 意大利佛罗伦萨D. 英国伦敦2. 欧洲宗教改革的领导者之一是（B）A. 马丁·路德B. 约翰·加尔文C. 托马斯·阿奎那D. 但丁3. 欧洲启蒙运动的代表人物包括（D）A. 但丁B. 达芬奇C. 米开朗基罗D. 伏尔泰4. 法国大革命的标志性事件是（A）A. 巴士底狱的攻占B. 拿破仑的加冕C. 法国的君主立宪制D. 法国的共和制确立三、简答题1. 简述欧洲文艺复兴的特点。
答：欧洲文艺复兴的特点包括对古典文化的复兴，对人文主义的强调，艺术和科学领域的创新，以及对个人主义的推崇。
这一时期的艺术家和学者开始重视人的价值和能力，探索自然和人类社会的真实面貌。
2. 欧洲宗教改革对欧洲社会产生了哪些影响？答：欧洲宗教改革对欧洲社会产生了深远的影响，包括促进了宗教多元化，引发了一系列的宗教战争，推动了民族国家的形成，以及促进了教育和文化的普及。
四、论述题1. 论述欧洲启蒙运动对现代民主政治和文化的影响。
答：欧洲启蒙运动对现代民主政治和文化产生了深远的影响。
它提倡理性思考和科学方法，反对迷信和盲从，为现代民主政治的建立提供了思想基础。
同时，启蒙运动还强调个人自由和权利，推动了法律和制度的改革，促进了社会的进步和文明的发展。
大学《欧洲文化入门》试题及答案
5.Can you outline the geo-cultural area of Europe and the West? (20%)
（2）生理学和医学
比利时医生维萨留斯发表《人体结构》一书，对盖伦的“三位一体”学说提出挑战。西班牙医生塞尔维特发现血液的小循环系统，证明血液从右心室流向肺部，通过曲折路线到达左心室。英国解剖学家哈维通过大量的动物解剖实验，发表《心血运动论》等论著，系统阐释了血液运动的规律和心脏的工作原理。他指出，心脏是血液运动的中心和动力的来源。这一重大发现使他成为近代生理学的鼻祖。
3.Can you list some important values of Renaissance(20%)
答：（1）物理学
在物理学方面，伽利略通过多次实验发现了落体、抛物体和振摆三大定律，使人对宇宙有了新的认识。他的学生托里拆利经过实验证明了空气压力，发明了水银柱气压计。法国科学家帕斯卡尔发现液体和气体中压力的传播定律。英国科学家波义耳发现气体压力定律。
（3）“地理大发现”
航海技术产生了一次革命性地飞跃，葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利的探险家们开始了一系列远程航海活动。4.Can you explain the importance of French Revolution? (20%)
欧洲文化参考答案
作业1．第1题The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by_____.A.small farmersB.slavesC.serfsD.Roman legions您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题The wheel was invented by ancient ________.A.EgyptiansB.IndiansC.GreeksD.Sumerians您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题In the early days of the Roman Republic, ______ had the most importantlaw making power.A.the Assembly of CenturyB.the Plebian CouncilC.the Assembly of CuriaeD.the Tribal Assembly您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第4题Which description of Spartan women is incorrect?A.They enjoyed more political rights and domestic freedom that the restof the Greek world.B.They received physical training instead of literacy education.C.They could inherit property.D.They usually got married at 18.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.05．第5题Which one of the following peoples first practiced monotheism?A.ancient EgyptiansB.ancient HebrewsC.ancient GreeksD.ancient Sumerians您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第9题Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.A.foreign cultural invasionB.trade and commerceC.territorial expansion of RomeD.interest in spiritual matters您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.07．第10题Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing public land to landless citizensD.cutting down land taxes or rent您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第11题Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A.HerodotusB.ThucydidesC.XenophonD.Polybius您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第12题_____ is the longest river in the world.A.The TigrisB.The AmazonC.The MississippiD.The Nile您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第13题The first city- builders in Italy were ________.A.the GreeksB.the LatinsC.the EtruscansD.the Italians您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第14题Which of the following group of people did not constitute a class in Sparta?A.the native SpartansB.foreignersC.slavesD.nobles您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第15题Which one of the following groups of people did not speak the Semitic language?A.HebrewsB.ArabsC.SumeriansD.Babylonians您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第19题Which one of the following statements about the Sumerian economy is NOT true?A.The economy was mainly based on agriculture.B.The annual flood of the Tigris and the Euphrates played a vital role in its economy.C.The land was owned by the kings and the nobles.D.Sumerian businessmen helped develop an extensive trade network in the Persian Gulf region.您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.014．第20题The Roman Empire reached it largest territorial extent during the reign of _____.A.Julius Caesar (46-44B.C.)B.Octavian (27 B.C.-14 A.D.)C.Trajan (98-117 A.D.)D.Constantine the Great (306-337 A.D.)您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第21题Which of the following statements about ancient Greek sculpture is NOT true?A.The beauty of human form was the most important subject.B.The archaic Greek artists created two sculptural human forms, the kouros and kore.C.The classical Greek sculptors represented human body less naturally or relaxed.D.The Hellenistic Greek sculptors liked to represent extreme emotions in the human face and figure.您的答案：C此题得分：1.016．第22题Which one of the following statements about the Code of Hammurabi was NOT true?A.The Code helped Hammurabi consolidate his rule in the Mesopotamia.B.The Code was based on the principle of retaliation.C.Everyone received equal punishment for the same crime committed.D.The Code was written in the Akhadian language.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第23题Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typical Roman?A.domeB.vaultC.archD.column您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第24题Constantine the Great declared __.A.Christianity as the only religionB.toleration for all religionsC.the end of Imperial CultD.paganism illegal您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第25题The founder of the Hebrew race was ____.A.JacobB.MosesC.AbrahamD.Joseph您的答案：C此题得分：1.020．第29题The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT ______.A.the executive branchB.the deliberative branchC.the legislative branchD.the judicial branch您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.021．第30题Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?A.DoricB.IonicC.Corinthianposite您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.022．第31题Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?A.OctavianB.DiocletianC.ConstantineD.Theodosius您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.023．第32题Of the following philosophical schools, which one had perhaps the greatest influence on Roman laws and government?A.EpicureanismB.StoicismC.CynicismD.Neo- Platonism您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.024．第33题That Aeneid, the legendary founder of the city of Rome, was the prince of _____ suggests a certain link between the Roman civilization and ancient Near East.A.EtruriaB.GreeceC.TroyD.Phoenicia您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.025．第34题Who replaced the Council of 400 with the Council of 500?A.SolonB.PersistratusC.CleisthenesD.Pericles您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.026．第35题The Sumerian civilization had ______ cultural center(s).A.1B.2C.3D.4您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.027．第40题The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______.A.Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.B.economic gains for all RomansC.social conflicts and slave uprisingsD.increased political power for military commanders您的答案：B题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.028．第41题The poetic creation of _____ glorifies Rome’s conquests and achievements.A.Virgil (70-19B.C.)B.Horace (65-8 B.C.)C.Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.)D.Juvenal (55-130 A.D.)您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.029．第42题Which one of the countries below was not part of the ancient Near East?A.ArmeniaB.TurkeyC.IsraelD.Iraq您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.030．第43题Olive trees and grapevine were introduced into Italy by ______.A.EtruscansB.GreekstinsD.Egyptians您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.031．第44题Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?A.People’s AssemblyB.People’s CourtC.Council of citizensD.Council of nobles您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.032．第45题All land in Sumer belonged to _____.A.the kingsB.godsC.the noblesD.free farmers您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.033．第49题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案：A题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.034．第50题Which one of the following statements about ancient Egyptian religious belief is NOT true?A.The ancient Egyptians practised polytheism.B.All Egyptian gods had an animal head and a human body.C.Ancient Egyptians built temples to communicate with their gods.D.Egyptians believed in final judgement and resurrection.您的答案：B题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.035．第51题Egypt was conquered by ____ in 31 B.C. and renamed “Africa.”A.GreeksB.ArabsC.RomansD.Persians您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.036．第52题The ancient Egyptians divided a year into ___ seasons.A.2B.3C.4D.5您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.037．第53题The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.A.adventureB.funC.violenceD.entertainment您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.038．第54题In the year _____ Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.039．第55题The so-called Mesopotamia civilization included cultures developed bythe following groups of people EXCEPT _______.A.BabyloniansB.PersiansC.SumeriansD.Assyrians您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.040．第60题Which description of the Age of Pericles is NOT true?A.It is the Golden Age of classical Greece.B.It was when Athens secured its status as the capital of Hellenic civilization.C.It witnessed great developments in democracy, economy, art and science.D.It was when the nobles became a major force in politics.您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.041．第6题judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.042．第7题Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support. 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第8题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第16题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第17题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.046．第18题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第26题Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very different from today’s western countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第27题Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.049．第28题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.050．第36题Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第37题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.052．第38题Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.053．第39题The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.054．第46题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.055．第47题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.056．第48题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.057．第56题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.058．第57题The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.059．第58题The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.060．第59题Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：87.0作业总批注：作业1．第2题The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT,A.The territorial disputes between England and France.B.The clash of economic interest in Flanders.C.Famine, plague, economic turmoil, social upheaval.D.The dispute over the French royal succession.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第3题What one is a correct description of the western European feudalismin the Early Middle Ages?A.Feudalism was a product of the Carolingian world and it operated ontwo levels.B.A feudal king’s actual power depended on the number of his vassals.C.A vassal holding a fief must not divide it into smaller fiefs.D.Financial service was the main reason for the feudal system to exist.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第6题Which is the correct description of life in the Byzantine Empire?A.Peasants had a hard life due to the high tax on land.B.Scholars were skeptical of Greek tradition.C.Women were excluded from education.D.Soldiers received poor salaries.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第7题In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from theByzantine and Islamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for_____.A.the influence from the Germanic and Romance vernacular languages.B.the unstable political situation and a lack of central powerC.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.D.the lower level of intellectual and literary accomplishment您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第8题During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat the following living creatures, EXCEPTA.catsB.ratsC.snakesD.dogs您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.06．第9题What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第10题Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true?A.It is estimated to have killed 30% –60% of Europe’s population.B.The death rate in some larger cities in Italy may have been as high as 60 percent.C.In northern France, villages suffered mortality rates of 30 percent, and cities experienced losses as high as 40 percent.D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第11题Which one of the following statements about the English Parliament in 1259 is NOT true?A.it included two knights from every countyB.it included two burgesses from every townC.it included the king’s Great Council (b arons, bishops, judges, advisors)D.it was a major check on royal authority您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第16题During the Wat Tyler Rebellion, the rebels marched into London and executed the following important officials, EXCEPTA.Lord ChancellorB.Lord TreasurerC.magistrate of London, William TongeD.Archbishop of Canterbury您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第17题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in that it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第18题Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europe during the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true?A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leading economy during the mid-8th and mid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages. 您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.012．第21题Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true?A.On the way to the Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on his outfitB.The Crusades increased the power of the Papacy and the wealth of the ChurchC.The Crusades strengthened the power of national monarchies and undermined feudalismD.The Crusades set the first example of European expansionism您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第22题The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways, EXCEPTA.The Church failed to explain why God willed this awful punishment on His followers.B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.C.There was a severe shortage of clergy.D.Church was unable to cure the plague victims.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第23题Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death?A.the regional and ethnic diversityB.the conflicts between different successors to the throneC.the destructive attacks of non-Christian invadersD.the emergence of feudalism您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第24题Which of the following statements about Papacy at Avignon is NOT true?A.The reform measures of Avignon papacy turned the papacy into a more spiritual than political institution.B.Several popes were Frenchmen, and 113 out of the 134 new cardinals created by the popes were French.C.Papal influence in England and in Germany declined.D.This period in church history is called the Babylonian Captivity. 您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第25题Pope Urban VI started to reform the church and wanted to abolish the following abuses, EXCEPTA.SimonyB.PluralismC.AbsenteeismD.homosexual您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第26题Alcuin established ______ as the basis for education during the Carolingian renaissance.A.the Carolingian minusculeB.trivium and quadriviumC.medieval LatinD.biblical texts您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第32题The following kings were called “new monarchs”, EXCEPTA.Louis XI of FranceB.Friedrich I of GermanyC.Henry VII of EnglandD.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第33题1066 marked the__A.defeat of the VikingsB.Norman Conquest of EnglandC.death of William ID.death of Alfred the Great您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第34题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The Hundred Years’ War harmed England more than France.B.The war stimulated the development of new weapons.C.The war speeded up the development of the English Parliament.D.The war promoted the growth of modern nationalism and awakened the national consciousness in the mind of their people.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第35题For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____.A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah.B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an.C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted.D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第36题Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true?A.It was the worst famine in European history.B.It lasted for seven hard years.C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies.D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to15 percent of the entire European population.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第37题Which of the following statements about Western Schism is NOT true?A.France recognized the French antipope Clement.B.England recognized Pope Urban.C.Scotland followed the French.D.The emperor of Holy Roman Empire in Germany recognized Clement.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第38题The following statements about the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 are true EXCEPT ______.A.It accomplished its objectives.B.It received help from members of the noble classesC.It succeeded in showing the nobles what peasants were capable of when dissatisfied.D.It marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第39题Which of the following statements about the development of science in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetus to the study of science.B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa.C.Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made Cambridge University the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work and Third Work.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第40题Which description of the Islamic philosophy is true?A.Al-Farabi believed that philosophy and religion are notreconcilable.B.Al-Ghazali regarded Greek philosophy as corrupters of Islamic faith.C.Averro雜 believed that philosophical truth can not be tested.D.Averro雜 thought that philosophers can not truly comprehend theological truth.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第41题All the following statements about the medieval commune are true EXCEPT__.mune had its own local government, its own court, its owntax-collecting agencies and its own customs.B.Some communes gained their independence by paying lords to grant it to them, while others governed alongside their lord.C.No communes battled violently for rights of self-governance.munes in Italy gained the right not only to govern themselves but also to rule the farmland and villages around them.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第46题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第48题Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the church institutionsC.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第50题Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NO T true?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the English.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第1题Hagia Sophia was the perfect representation of Byzantine civilization, which is a mixture of Greek, Roman and Persian cultural elements.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第4题The official language of Byzantine Empire was Latin.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第5题The Late Middle Ages are often described as a period of crisis and decline.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第12题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第13题Among the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire and the Frankish Empire, only the first one received continuing influence from the Roman intellectual and legal tradition.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第14题The Vikings originated from the Scandinavian Peninsula and included Danes, Norwegians, Swedes and Magyars.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第15题Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and Protestant Churches.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第19题Before the Carolingian renaissance, cultural and educational standards in Western Europe had already surpassed those of the Byzantine Empire or Muslim world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第20题The new monarchs of late 15th century Germany, Italy and Spain laid the foundation for three of the great nation-states of modern Europe.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第27题Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第28题Since the 3rd century the eastern half of the Roman Empire was more prosperous than the western half.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第29题The Islamic Golden Age is a period of cultural and intellectual growth and activity that persisted throughout the Islamic world between the 8th and 13th centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第30题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第31题When creating their own kingdoms, the Germanic tribes rejected all Roman institutions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第42题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第43题Before the rise of Islam, Arabs did not believe in Allah.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第44题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第45题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第47题Muhammad was not only a prophet, but also a political and military leader.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第49题What really triggered off the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 wa s an attempt to collect a new type of national tax to pay for the failing war with France.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：96.0作业总批注：作业1．第1题Which of the following statements is NOT true with the text?A.Martin Luther was a German missionary.B.Martin was declared an outlaw in the Empire.C.The Pope condemned Martin Luther’s beliefs.D.The Pope ordered Luther to change his beliefs.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and theMedicis had in common?A.They were wealthy and powerful families in Italy.B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.C.They ordered the construction of great architectures.D.They were generous patrons of artists and intellectuals.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissanceart?A.the revival of classical textsB.the discovery of linear perspectiveC.the knowledge of anatomyD.the knowledge of the classical forms您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第4题Which categories of publication does Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly belong to?A.clever satires to expose people’s errorsB.serious moral books to offer people Christian guidanceC.scholarly editions of basic Christian textsD.collection of stories to amuse people您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.05．第5题In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the Renaissance Age?A.the inclusion of science in the educational programB.the emphasis on how things happened in natureC.the development of new scientific methodsD.the acceptance of heliocentric theory您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题Luther attacked the belief that the sacramental system was the only means to salvation and called for the reform of monasticism in________________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题Like Luther, Calvin ____________A.believed man, from birth, is predestined by God for salvation or damnation.B.believed that the order and discipline of the early church should。
欧洲文化入门在线作业
《欧洲文化入门》Exercise I1．第1题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ .A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus答案：C2．第2题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___.A.social questionsB.the limits of honorC.the mysterious outer spaceD.mental contradictions and ambiguities答案：C3．第3题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.A.originB.sourceC.subjectD.example答案：C4．第4题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortalB.They retain power after death to influence the lives of the livingC.They were also mortalD.They had exceptional power答案：A5．第5题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.A.Gospel of JohnB.Gospel of MatthewC.Acts of the ApostlesD.Acts of the Christians答案：C6．第6题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.A.before the 6th century BCB.before coming into contact with Greek cultureC.after conquering GreeceD.after coming into contact with foreign culture答案：D7．第7题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortalsB.They never dieC.They got gods' favorD.They had some defect to balance out their power答案：B8．第8题By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.A.justifying their actionsB.acquiring more powerC.acquiring extra authorityD.replacing the roles of gods答案：D9．第9题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?A.A city-state devoted itself to a particular godB.A god's characteristics may vary from one city to anotherC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every dayD.Temples were built in honor of gods答案：C10．第10题The name Jesus suggests__.A.Jehovah's sonB.that God saves us from sinC.salvationD.sacrifice答案：B11．第11题Herod was the king who was___.A.happy to learn the birth of JesusB.jealous of JesusC.ready to help JesusD.ill then答案：B12．第12题Roman mythology is actually___.A.of Greek cultureB.not purely RomanC.from African cultureD.of Asian nature答案：B13．第13题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as _________.A.beings with human emotions who lived above usB.beings with human emotions who lived among usC.dominating figures with super-physical powersD.dominating figures with super-natural influence答案：B14．第14题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?A.They were in fact monstersB.They were powerfulC.They were in fact mortalsD.They looked part human and part animal答案：C15．第15题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.A.life and deathB.nature and cultureC.self and societyD.the content of the narratives答案：D16．第16题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the worldC.the AmericasD.Africa答案：A17．第17题Myths____.A.are all religiousB.all explain the interaction of divine and human worldsC.explain the origin of man and natureD.are all ture答案：C18．第18题Greek gods resembled human beings in the following aspects except ___.A.formB.emotionsC.authorityD.being immortal答案：D19．第19题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.A.predominatedB.were dominantC.were interpreted allegoricallyD.were even more popular答案：C20．第20题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War. A.was a Greek prince whoB.was a Trojan prince whoC.was a Greek hero whoD.was a Trojan hero who答案：C21．第21题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths?A.Being the first womanB.Being curiousC.Being put at the root of all evilD.Being turned from immortal to mortal答案：D22．第22题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?A.Written textsB.SculptureC.Painted ceramicsD.Guesswork答案：D23．第23题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.A.ZeusB.JupiterC.CronusD.Chaos答案：D24．第24题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyB.King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyC.son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beautyD.King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty答案：A25．第25题The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________.A.as dominating as that of Christian GodB.as emotional as that of the Christian GodC.as emotional as those of humans;D.as horrible as those of monsters答案：C26．第26题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus答案：B27．第27题Common types of myths exclude___.A.cosmic mythsB.myths of the godsC.myths of heroesD.myths of mortals答案：D28．第28题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.A.lived about three centuries before Christ was bornB.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythologyC.introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman cultureD.introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture答案：B29．第29题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his motherB.he was abandoned by his parentsC.he was reared by a shepherdD.he survived答案：A30．第30题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of ZeusB.They were strong and largeC.They personified natureD.Cronus was among them答案：A31．第31题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.A.life and deathB.love and hatredC.man and natureD.civilization and wild savagery答案：D32．第32题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.A.geographicalB.historicalC.scientificD.practical答案：C33．第33题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;B.from a mixture of Greek and LatinC.from a mixture of Greek and LatinD.from a mixture of Hebrew and Latin答案：A34．第34题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案：A35．第35题The original language of the New Testament was used ___.A.as a proper vehicle for the Christian faithB.as a means of worshipC.in the church onlyD.in homes and marketplaces答案：D36．第36题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?A.the moral lawsB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案：C37．第37题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?A.His death testified God's relentless loveB.His actions showed God's powerC.He was the presence of God in the worldD.His words revealed God's way for his people答案：C38．第38题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案：B39．第39题The kingdom of God refers to__.A.the creation of GodB.the rule of GodC.the love of GodD.the land of God答案：B40．第40题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___.A.a scandalB.a luckC.incredibleD.unfortunate答案：A41．第41题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.A.identified itself as the kingdomB.spoke more of the kingdom of GodC.spoke more of salvationD.spoke more of material comfort答案：C42．第42题Early Romans regarded their gods as__.A.personsB.powers as well as personsC.powersD.powerful persons答案：C43．第43题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.A.tenB.twelveC.fifteenD.twenty答案：B44．第44题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.A.new religionsB.rationalityC.allegorical interpretation of mythsD.the study of myths答案：B45．第45题John Wycliffe's goal of translation was __.A.to praise GodB.to give the Bible to the peopleC.to express himselfD.to explain mystery答案：B46．第46题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ .A.how the Greeks perceived natural forcesB.how the Greeks idealized human powersC.how the Greeks understood Nature as being powerfulD.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly 答案：D47．第47题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.A.the matriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceB.the patriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceC.the communal marriage in the primitive societyD.the communal structure in the primitive society答案：C48．第48题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the BibleB.They recognized no single truthC.They believed no single codeD.They had various beliefs答案：A49．第49题The ancient Greeks___.A.learned myths from RomeB.firmly believed myths to be trueC.wrote many mythsD.learned myths from China答案：B50．第50题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.A.the RomansB.the JewsC.the ChristiansD.the Muslims答案：A51．第51题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus答案：A52．第52题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.A.influenced cultures in the Middle EastB.was influenced by cultures in the Middle EastC.affected African culturesD.was affected by African cultures答案：B53．第53题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creationB.enjoyed new colorsC.were more poeticD.became more imaginative答案：A54．第54题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.A.the godsB.the devilsC.the mortalsD.the heroes答案：B55．第55题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?A.He established a new regime of godsB.He made war on his fatherC.He ruled the seaD.He made war on the Titans答案：C56．第56题The early Christians were against ___.A.Greek cultureB.Roman cultureC.Hebrew culureD.pagan culture答案：D57．第57题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.A.literatureB.architectureC.musicD.art答案：B58．第58题A myth is ___.A.an accepted narrativeB.an oral literary work traditionally acceptedC.a traditionD.a retelling答案：B59．第59题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme godB.believed in only one godC.worshipped all the divine charactersD.followed the practice of the Greeks答案：A60．第60题The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.A.men and women on those between immortalsB.men on those between godsC.man and nature on those between godsD.gods on those between mortals答案：D61．第61题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.A.somewhat realisticB.somewhat idealizedC.strongly realisticD.strongly idealized答案：D62．第62题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.A.fought against the magic goddessB.married the daughter of the rulerC.fought against a dragon that never sleptD.fell in love with the daughter of the ruler答案：C63．第63题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothingB.ancient Greece was a matriarchal societymunal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD.farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece答案：A64．第64题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about GodB.its teaching about JesusC.its instruction by ChristD. its claim of Jesus as a unique revelation of God答案：A65．第65题The King James version of the Bible __.A.started in the 15 centurypleted in the 15 centuryC.started in the 16 centurypleted in the 17 century答案：D66．第66题Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus?A.His family fled into EgyptB.His family stayed in Egypt until Herod's deathC.His family came into the land of Israel when Herod diedD.His family returned home at last答案：D67．第67题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayingsB.is a biography of heroesC.is an autobiographyD.is a biography of divine figures答案：A68．第68题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?A.Christianity reached EnglandB.The Bible remained in LatinC.The Bible was in the hands of the church;D.The Bible in English began to spread in England答案：D69．第69题Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod?A.He wanted to killed JesusB.He was afraid that Jesus would take his placeC.He killed all the boys where Jesus livedD.No boys of two years of age survived his brutality答案：C70．第70题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案：B71．第71题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案：A72．第72题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?A.His mother was MaryB.His real father was JosephC.His mother got pregnant after being engaged to JosephD.His mother got pregnant by the Holy Spirit答案：B73．第73题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.A.a prophetB.the second AdamC.the Son of GodD.the almighty God答案：D74．第74题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案：C75．第75题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.A.12 is a lucky numberB.they were the only apostles Jesus hadC.they were the only apostles Jesus could selectD.Israel was made up of 12 tribes答案：D《欧洲文化入门》True or False 2True or False 21．第1题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin.答案：错误2．第2题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books.答案：正确3．第3题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses.答案：错误4．第4题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches.答案：错误5．第5题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin.答案：错误6．第6题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God.答案：正确7．第7题Books of Moses focus on law of nature.答案：错误8．第8题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.答案：错误9．第9题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve.答案：错误10．第10题According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality.答案：错误11．第11题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form.答案：错误12．第12题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.答案：错误13．第13题The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior.答案：错误14．第14题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.答案：错误15．第15题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.答案：错误16．第16题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. 答案：正确17．第17题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws.答案：正确18．第18题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories.答案：正确19．第19题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in the past.答案：正确20．第20题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.答案：正确21．第21题The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament.答案：错误22．第22题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East.答案：正确23．第23题The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel.答案：正确24．第24题There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament.答案：正确25．第25题The common feature of Hebrew poetry is rhyming.答案：错误26．第26题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet.答案：正确27．第27题The Pentateuch was written by Moses.答案：正确28．第28题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular.答案：正确29．第29题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament.答案：错误30．第30题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.答案：错误31．第31题In the Jewish worship hymns are songs to explain mystery.答案：错误32．第32题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both theOld and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity.答案：正确33．第33题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews.答案：错误34．第34题The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history.答案：正确35．第35题The Old Testament is by no means a big book of different sections with different styles.答案：正确36．第36题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only.答案：正确37．第37题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world.答案：错误38．第38题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.答案：正确39．第39题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate.答案：错误40．第40题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions.答案：正确。
2015春欧洲文化入门(阅读)判断题-推荐下载
1．第1题Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period of the Roman Republic.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced to the Etruscan tradition.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year into four seasons.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第16题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第17题The Northern Renaissance is the term used todescribe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第18题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第19题Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one singlegroup of ancient people living in the region.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第24题Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very different from today’s western countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第29题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第30题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholarsbegan to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and Protestant Churches.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第46题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第47题During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第49题In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, onlywhen both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第51题The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第52题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.053．第53题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第54题The basic units of the first humancivilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第55题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第56题Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.057．第57题Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.058．第58题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.059．第59题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.060．第60题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputesamong Christians.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0作业总得分：99.0。
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作业1．第1题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secularlife of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：2．第2题The confidence the Europeans had developed in the Central Middle Ageswas destroyed by the travails of the Late Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：3．第3题The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissancein northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：4．第4题It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：5．第5题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：6．第6题Since the 3rd century the eastern half of the Roman Empire was more prosperous than the western half.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：7．第7题Before the rise of Islam, Arabs did not believe in Allah.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：8．第8题Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one single group of ancient people living in the region.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：9．第9题judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：10．第10题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：11．第11题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.此题得分：12．第12题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：13．第13题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：14．第14题Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：15．第15题Hagia Sophia was the perfect representation of Byzantine civilization, which is a mixture of Greek, Roman and Persian cultural elements.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：Before the Carolingian renaissance, cultural and educational standards in Western Europe had already surpassed those of the Byzantine Empire or Muslim world.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：17．第17题Economic hardship was undoubtedly the major cause for the Jacquerie uprising.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：18．第18题Troughout the Middle Ages the Iberia Peninsula was marked by unity and plurality.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：20．第20题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：21．第21题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：22．第22题During the period of the Five Good Emperors, smooth hereditary succession guaranteed political stability.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：23．第23题In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：24．第24题Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：25．第25题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.题目分数：此题得分：26．第26题Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：27．第27题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：28．第28题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.题目分数：此题得分：29．第29题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：30．第30题Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：31．第31题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to t ranslate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确此题得分：32．第32题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：33．第33题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：34．第34题The economy of the Byzantine Empire relied primarily on agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：35．第35题The Islamic Golden Age is a period of cultural and intellectual growth and activity that persisted throughout the Islamic world between the 8th and 13th centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：36．第36题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：37．第37题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：38．第38题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：39．第39题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：40．第40题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：41．第41题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：42．第42题The Roman Empire was the first true superpower in human history.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：43．第43题Charlemagne was the greatest Frankish king, who founded the first empire in Western Europe after the fall of Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：44．第44题Knowing the true cause of the disease, many Christians considered theBlack Death a signal of the Last Judgment.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：45．第45题The new monarchs of late 15th century Germany, Italy and Spain laid the foundation for three of the great nation-states of modern Europe.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：46．第46题The anti-English sentiment in the course of the Hundred Years’ War resulted in a strong feeling of hatred in France.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：47．第47题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.题目分数：此题得分：48．第48题The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period of the Roman Republic.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：49．第49题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：50．第50题Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.题目分数：此题得分：51．第51题Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：52．第52题Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year into four seasons.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：53．第53题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确此题得分：54．第54题It was only in the 16t h century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：55．第55题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the CatholicCounter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：56．第56题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确此题得分：57．第57题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：58．第58题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：59．第59题All classes in universities were taught in Latin and mostly by a lecture method.您的答案：正确题目分数：60．第60题At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：61．第61题Among the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire and the Frankish Empire, only the first one received continuing influence from the Roman intellectual and legal tradition.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：62．第62题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：63．第63题The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：64．第64题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：65．第65题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：66．第66题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：67．第67题When creating their own kingdoms, the Germanic tribes rejected all Roman institutions.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：68．第68题Muhammad was not only a prophet, but also a political and military leader.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：69．第69题The Late Middle Ages are often described as a period of crisis and decline.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：70．第70题What really triggered off the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 was an attempt to collect a new type of national tax to pay for the failing war with France.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：71．第71题From the Norman Conquest until the 14th century, French was the preferred language of the English crown and aristocracy, but after 1400 English gradually replaced French as the language of law courts and administration.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：72．第72题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：73．第73题In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, only when both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：74．第74题The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：75．第75题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：76．第76题The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：77．第77题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：78．第78题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：此题得分：79．第79题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：80．第80题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：此题得分：作业总得分：作业总批注：。