材料科学基础双语课件

extra material, joining parts (e.g., by soldering or welding),
forming (forging, rolling, bending, etc.), or compacting particles which are then fused together (sintering, used for
developing a deeper understanding of the microstructurecomposition-synthesis-processing relationships.
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
Structure means a description of the arrangements of
materials from natural resources (which often requires achieving high temperatures), or to combine them in new ways, brought new possibilities.
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
the Iron Age, and so forth.
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
Materials Science and Engineering forms the bedrock
for the engineering disciplines because the structures, components, and devices that engineers design and use must be made out of something, and that is a material. The properties of the materials that are available
start at the atomic level and then gradually work up through
the ways that atoms pack together (and the important
defects in these packings) to larger dimensions, but this approach provides the necessary tools to understand and deal with the later topics.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Outline
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering? 1.2 Classification of Materials 1.3 Functional Classification of Materials 1.4 Classification of Materials Based on Structure 1.5 Environmental and Other Effects
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
Materials may be fabricated into objects in a variety of
ways, including casting into a mold, machining to remove
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
Microstructure includes structure at dimensions ranging
from the atoms in the material and the order (or lack of it) of
control the material properties (for example by altering the
grain structure, or the presence of defects in the atom
packing) or to fabricate the material into the desired shape.
natural fibers (either from plants or animal hair) for
cords and textiles, and skins for containers and clothing.
The ability to modify natural materials, extract useful
Anthropologists study the material artifacts of past
civilizations to understand how they were fabricated, and in
turn, to gain insight into the level of technology and sophistication of the culture. The role of materials in the advance of civilization and culture is powerfully summarized by the fact that it is the name of each dominant new material that has been used to describe the culture - the Stone Age, the Bronze Age,
gases (and most engineering materials are used in solid
form).
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
It may seem abstract and remote from real engineering to
materials
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
For most of mankind's history, the available materials were few and essentially natural such as clay for bricks and pottery, wood and stone for tools and construction,
Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an
interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new
materials and improving previously known materials by
atoms or ions in a material.
Composition means the chemical make-up of a
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material.
Synthesis is the process by which materials are made from naturally occurring or other chemicals. Processing means different ways for shaping materials into useful components or changing their properties.
1.6 Materials Design and Selection
Objectives
Introduce the field of materials science and
engineering (MSE)
Provide introduction to the classification of
The Science and Engineering of Materials
Aim
English atmosphere: speaking, reading, writing and listening; Specialty vocabulary; Specialty knowledge;
atoms and the bonds that form between them should be
retained from chemistry courses, but perhaps not much of that has dealt with solids, as compared to liquids and
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
It is common in courses such as this one to start at the
smallest scale, that of the atoms. Some familiarity with
both metal powders and most ceramics). These operations
their arrangement, up to the tiny grains of individual crystals
that pack together to form most solids, and even up to the nearly macroscopic level of fibers in paper, sand in concrete, and the thin, multiple layers of plastic, metal, and paper in a microwave popcorn bag.
form. As this mixture solidifies, different structures form as a function of temperature. The phase diagrams that provide
a road map to these structures are a second necessary tool
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
For many real materials, the formation of the
microstructure begins with some combination of elements
or mixing together of the proper components, often in liquid
for understanding the microstructure and the effect of
thermal processing materials.
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
Mechanical processing is also used either to directly
define and limit the capabilities that the device or
structure can have, and the techniques that can be used
to fabricate it.
1.1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?