英语中的后置定语

英语中的后置定语

定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。例：This is a very interesting book. 这是一本很有趣的书。

一般情况下，修饰名词或代词的词多放在被修饰词之前，但在以下几种情况下，修饰名词或代词的定语却放在它们之后，这种定语我们称之为后置定语。现归纳如下：

一当形容词修饰由every-、some-、any-、no-加body、one、thing等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。例如：

Let's give her something different to eat，then．那我们就给她一些别的东西吃吧。

I have something important to tell you．我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。

Can you see anything unusual in the picture？你能在这幅画中看出不寻常的东西吗？

Nothing difficult！没有什么难的！

注意：若something 前面有定冠词修饰，形容词不用后置。例如：There ,on the table , was the mysterious something that they had been looking for .看，在桌子上，正是他们一直孜孜以求的神秘的东西。

二、介词短语作定语修饰名词或代词时，必须后置。常见的有表示所属的of短语，表示伴随状态的with短语，表示方位或穿戴的in短语等。例如：

The girl in the red hat is my younger sister．戴红帽子的女孩是我妹妹。

China is a great country with a long history．中国是一个历史悠久的伟大的国家。She is only a girl of ten years old．她只不过是个十岁的小女孩。

The picture on the right is more beautiful．右边的画更漂亮。

三、部分副词作后置定语

副词here，there，home，below,above等作定语修饰名词时，须放在名词的后面。

People here like to drink tea．这里的人们喜欢喝茶。

On the way home，a big boy stopped him．在回家的途中，一个大男孩拦住了他。Please answer the questions below．请回答下面的问题。

四、副词短语作定语时须后置。例如：

You'd better ask the policeman over there．你最好问问那边的那个警察。

五、表示长、宽、高、深等度量的形容词修饰名词时，须后置。例如：

This desk is two meters long．这张课桌长两米。

Yao Ming is over two meters tall．姚明有两米多高。

六、动词不定式及动词不定式短语修饰名词作定语时，应该置于被修饰的词之后。例如：

1.在某些句型结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。例如：

1) I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。

2) She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的婴儿。

3)They were the first to bear hardships,the last to enjoy comforts.他们吃苦在前，享受在后

4)He is a nice man to work with.他是个好相处的人。

5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有许多事情要做。

6) There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有个重要人物来我们学校。

2.在某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。例如: ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage,right, determination, promise, amb ition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportu nity, plan, reason,struggle,time,way,wish等等。例句：

1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干这项工作吗？

2)I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.我没有勇气告诉你那个秘密。

3)You have no right to do such a thing!你没有做这样的事的权利！

4)I’ll show you my determination to stop smoking.我将向你们表明我戒烟的决心。

3.动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句作后置定语。例如：

(1) Perhaps in the year s to come(=that will come) we will meet again.也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。

(2) In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后来的讲座中,她谈到了她的美国之行。

(3) She made a list of things to be taken (=which/that will be taken)on the way.她开了一张要带在路上用的物品清单。

另1) She must have time in which to pack.她必须有时间收拾行李。

2)He also had a revolver with which to defend himself.他还有一把防身用的左轮手枪。

3)He only had long night in which to study.他只有漫漫长夜可以用来学习。

七、现在分词短语作定语时，须放在被修饰的词之后。例如：

The man standing there is our English teacher．站在那里的那个人是我们的英语老师。

Do you know the boy riding the bike？你认识那个骑自行车的男孩吗？

Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station. 这儿有一张地图，告诉你怎样去火车站

八、过去分词短语作定语时须后置。例如：

The Greens have a daughter called Kate．格林夫妇有个叫凯特的女儿。

What did you think of the play put on by the students? 你认为学生们上演的话剧怎么样？

She is a nurse trained by ourselves. 她是我们自己培养的护士。

What is the language spoken in Spain? 西班牙使用的是什么语言？

部分过去分词也可以作后置定语。例

如:left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered, wounded, injured, concerned, condu