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华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 2012～2013学年度第二学期课表
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华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院2012～2013学年度第二学期课表
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华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院2012～2013学年度第二学期课表
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华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院2012～2013学年度第二学期课表
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华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院2012～2013学年度第二学期课表
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院(系)主管教学负责人签字:黄亚平制表人：黄朝晖联系电话：87543174
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院(系)主管教学负责人签字:黄亚平制表人：卢蔚联系电话：87543174
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院(系)主管教学负责人签字:黄亚平制表人：卢蔚联系电话：87543174
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院(系)主管教学负责人签字:黄亚平制表人：卢蔚联系电话：87543174
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院(系)主管教学负责人签字:黄亚平制表人：卢蔚联系电话：87543174
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华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院2012～2013学年度第二学期课表
院(系)主管教学负责人签字:黄亚平制表人：黄朝晖联系电话：87543174
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华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院2012～2013学年度第二学期课表
院(系)主管教学负责人签字:黄亚平制表人：黄朝晖联系电话：87543174
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chap4中级宏观经济学答案华中科技大学

Microeconomics, 4e (Perloff)Chapter 4 Consumer Choice4.1 Preferences1) An indifference curve represents bundles of goods that a consumerA) views as equally desirable.B) ranks from most preferred to least preferred.C) refers to any other bundle of goods.D) All of the above.Answer: ATopic: Preferences2) The assumption of completeness means thatA) the consumer can rank all possible consumption bundles.B) more of a good is always better.C) the consumers can rank all affordable consumption bundles.D) all preferences conditions are met.Answer: ATopic: Preferences3) If a consumer prefers Apples to Bananas and prefers Bananas to Citrus Fruit, in order to satisfy assumptions about preferences she has to preferA) Bananas to Apples.B) Citrus Fruit to Bananas.C) Apples to Citrus Fruit.D) Citrus Fruit to Apples.Answer: CTopic: Preferences4) The principle that "More is better" results in indifference curvesA) sloping down.B) not intersecting.C) reflecting greater preferences the further they are from the origin.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Preferences5) There is an indifference curve through every bundle because of the assumption ofA) transitivity.B) completeness.C) rationality.D) nonsatiation.Answer: BTopic: Preferences6) Indifference curves are downward sloping because of the assumption ofA) completeness.B) transitivity.C) more is better.D) All of the above.Answer: CTopic: Preferences7) If two indifference curves were to intersect at a point, this would violate the assumption ofA) transitivity.B) completeness.C) Both A and B above.D) None of the above.Answer: ATopic: Preferences8) Indifference curves that are thick violateA) the assumption of transitivity.B) the assumption that more is better.C) the assumption of completeness.D) none of the assumptions.Answer: BTopic: Preferences9) A consumer's willingness to trade one good for another can be expressed by the consumer'sA) indifference curve.B) marginal rate of substitution.C) Both A and B above.D) None of the above.Answer: CTopic: Preferences10) Convexity of indifference curves implies that consumers are willing toA) give up more "y" to get an extra "x" the more "x" they have.B) give up more "y" to get an extra "x" the less "x" they have.C) settle for less of both "x" and "y".D) acquire more "x" only if they do not have to give up any "y".Answer: BTopic: Preferences11) Measuring "y" on the vertical axis and "x" on the horizontal axis, convexity of indifference curves implies that the MRS of "y" for "x"A) is decreasing as "x" increases.B) is increasing as "x" increases.C) is constant as "x" increases.D) cannot be calculated for large levels of "x".Answer: ATopic: Preferences12) Diminishing marginal rate of substitution can be seen when indifference curvesA) cross.B) are convex.C) are downward sloping.D) become flatter as we move down and to the right.Answer: DTopic: Preferences13) For which of the following pairs of goods would most people likely have convex indifference curves?A) nickels and dimesB) left shoes and right shoesC) movie tickets and concert ticketsD) None of the above.Answer: CTopic: Preferences14) If two goods are perfect substitutes, then the indifference curves for those two goods would beA) upward sloping and concave to the origin.B) downward sloping and convex to the origin.C) downward sloping and straight.D) L-shaped.Answer: CTopic: Preferences15) The indifference curves for left shoes and right shoes would most likely beA) upward sloping and concave to the origin.B) downward sloping and convex to the origin.C) downward sloping and straight lines.D) L-shaped.Answer: DTopic: PreferencesFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.16) Indifference curves cannot intersect.Answer:True. As seen in the above figure, points a and c are on the same indifference curve and are therefore equally preferred. Points b and c are also on the same indifference curve and are therefore equally preferred. Transitivity implies that the consumer would be indifferent between a and b; however, since more is preferred to less, a is preferred to b. Thus, as a result of the assumption of transitivity and the assumption that more is preferred to less, indifference curves cannot intersect.Topic: Preferences17) Indifference curves cannot ever be concave for two goods.Answer: False. While indifference curves are typically convex, they can be concave. This means, however, that the MRS of y for x increases as x increases. That is, the consumer places greater value on the next x the more x she has. The interpretation is that a consumer with concave indifference curves prefers to specialize in either x or y but not have a mix of both.Topic: Preferences18) Indifference curves for perfect substitutes must be parallel lines with a slope of negative one. Answer: False. Indifference curves for perfect substitutes are parallel lines, but the slope is not necessarily negative one.Topic: Preferences19) Indifference curves on the same indifference map can have different shapes.Answer: True. Indifference curves can meet all the necessary requirements and still have different shapes. Topic: Preferences20) Lisa views pizzas and burritos as goods. If she prefers a bundle of 4 burritos and 4 pizzas to a bundle of 4 burritos and 5 pizzas, which property of consumer preference is violated? What change in the assumptions could lead a rational consumer to prefer the first bundle?Answer: The property of more-is-better is violated. However, if pizza is a bad, then a rational consumer would prefer the first bundle.Topic: Preferences21) Explain why most indifference curves are convex.Answer: Diminishing marginal rates of substitution make most indifference curves convex. When people have a lot of one good, they are willing to give up a relatively larger amount of it to get a good of which they have relatively little.Topic: Preferences22) Draw the indifference curves for rock concerts and food for each of the following:(a) a typical 17-year-old(b) a typical 75-year-oldAnswer:See the above figure. These graphs assume that a typical 17-year-old would enjoy both food and rock concerts. The 75-year-old might find the rock concerts neutral or even bad.Topic: Preferences23) Draw the indifference curves for nickels and dimes. Would they ever have a non-constant slope? Explain.Answer:See the above figure. Two nickels are worth 1 dime. Yet, for extremely large amounts of money, people might prefer dimes to nickels for carrying purposes. That is why people often pay with exact change or don't like to break a twenty.Topic: Preferences4.3 Budget Constraint1) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2 per unit, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following represents his budget constraint?A) 500 = 2F + 100SB) F = 250 - 50SC) S = 5 - .02FD) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint2) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2 per unit, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following represents his marginal rate of transformation of food for shelter?A) -5B) -50C) -.02D) None of the above.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint3) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2 per unit, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following represents his budget constraint?A) 500 = 100F + 2SB) 500 = 2F + 100SC) S = 500 - 2FD) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint4) Joe's budget constraint equals 500 = 2F + 100S, where $500 is Joe's income, $2 is the price of food (F) and $100 is the price of shelter (S). How much food can Joe buy if he buys one unit of shelter?A) 2 unitsB) 200 unitsC) 250 unitsD) 400 unitsAnswer: BTopic: Budget Constraint5) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following bundles is in Joe's opportunity set?A) 50 units of food, 5 units of shelterB) 200 units of food, 2 units of shelterC) 100 units of food, 1 unit of shelterD) 150 units of food, 3 units of shelterAnswer: CTopic: Budget Constraint6) The marginal rate of transformation of y for x representsA) the slope of the budget constraint.B) the rate at which the consumer must give up y to get one more x.C) - ⌧/⍓.D) All of the above.Answer: D Topic: Budget Constraint7) The marginal rate of transformation of y for x representsA) the slope of the budget constraint.B) the rate at which the consumer must give up x to get one more y.C) -P y/ P x.D) All of the above.Answer: ATopic: Budget Constraint8) The rate at which a consumer must give up y to get one more x is equal toA) – P x / P y.B) - P y / P x.C) – MU x / MU y.D) MU y / MU x.Answer: ATopic: Budget Constraint9) Betty consumes good x and good y. If the price of x = $3 and the price of y = $4, thenA) an extra unit of x costs 4/3 units of y.B) an extra unit of y costs 4/3 units of x.C) an extra unit of x costs 3/4 units of y.D) Both B and C.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint10) If the price of one good increases while the price of the other good and the consumer's income remain unchanged, what will happen to the budget line?A) The budget line rotates inward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.B) The budget line rotates outward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.C) The budget line shifts inward without a change in slope.D) The budget line shifts outward without a change in slope.Answer: ATopic: Budget Constraint11) Lisa eats both pizzas and burritos. If the price of a pizza increases, Lisa's opportunity setA) becomes larger.B) becomes smaller.C) is unchanged.D) cannot be determined without more information.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint12) If the consumer's income increases while the prices of both goods remain unchanged, what will happen to the budget line?A) The budget line rotates inward from the intercept on the horizontal axis.B) The budget line rotates outward from the intercept on the vertical axis.C) The budget line shifts inward without a change in slope.D) The budget line shifts outward without a change in slope.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint13) If the prices of both goods and income increase by the same percentage, what will happen to the budget line?A) The budget line rotates inward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.B) The budget line rotates outward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.C) The budget line shifts outward without a change in slope.D) Nothing.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint14) A consumer buys food (F) and shelter (S). If the consumer's income rises and there is no change in the prices of F or S, the marginal rate of transformation of F for S willA) increase.B) decrease.C) stay the same.D) change, but there is not enough information to know how.Answer: CTopic: Budget Constraint15) If both prices increases by 50%A) budget constraint will be unchanged.B) slope of the budget constraint stay the same.C) slope of the budget constraint will decrease.D) budget constraint will shift outward in a parallel fashion.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint16) If both prices decreases by 50%A) budget constraint will be unchanged.B) slope of the budget constraint will increase.C) slope of the budget constraint will decrease.D) budget constraint will shift outward in a parallel fashion.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint17) If a consumer's budget line for food (F) and shelter (S) is represented as F = 250 - 5S, we know thatA) the consumer's income is 250.B) the price of shelter is 5.C) the price of shelter is 5 times the price of food.D) All of the above.Answer: CTopic: Budget ConstraintFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.18) The slope of the budget line represents the rate at which the consumer is willing to trade one good for another at any given bundle.Answer: False. This describes the slope of the indifference curve. The slope of the budget line represents the rate at which the consumer must trade one good for another at any given bundle.Topic: Budget Constraint19) Joe subscribes to an Internet provider that charges $2 per hour. Draw his budget line for Internet access on the horizontal axis and money spent on all other goods on the vertical axis assuming he has $100 per month to spend. Another company offers unlimited Internet access for a flat monthly fee of $20. Draw this budget line.Answer:See the above figure.Topic: Budget Constraint20) Lisa has an income of $100. She spends all of her income on pizza and burritos. A pizza costs $10 and a burrito costs $5. However, the store where Lisa buys her burritos has a special deal. After you've bought 6 burritos, then you can buy each burrito for $2.50. Draw Lisa's opportunity set.Answer:See the above figure.Topic: Budget Constraint21) Explain the difference between the marginal rate of substitution and the marginal rate of transformation. Answer: The marginal rate of substitution is a consumer's willingness to trade one good for another based on utility. The marginal rate of transformation is the consumer's ability to trade one good for another based on prices.Topic: Budget Constraint4.4 Constrained Consumer Choice1) Economists assume consumers select a bundle of goods that maximizes their well-being subject toA) their budget constraint.B) their income.C) relative prices.D) their marginal rate of substitution.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice2) An optimum that occurs as a corner solutionA) includes only one good.B) cannot be an equilibrium.C) cannot exhaust the budget constraint.D) includes the exact same amounts of each good.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice3) The consumer is in equilibrium whenA) MRT = MRS.B) P x / P y = MUx y / MU y.C) the budget line is tangent to the indifference curve at the bundle chosen.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice4) By selecting a bundle where MRS = MRT, the consumer isA) achieving a corner solution.B) reaching the highest possible indifference curve she can afford.C) not behaving in an optimal way.D) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice5) By selecting a bundle where MRS = MRT, the consumer is sayingA) "I value my last unit of each good equally."B) "I am willing to trade one good for the other at the same rate that I am required to do so."C) "I will equate the amounts spent on all goods consumed."D) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice6) Assume the price of beer is $4, the price of pizza is $10 and the consumer's income is $250. Which consumption bundle will NOT be the consumers choice?A) A(5 Beer, 5 Pizza)B) B(0 Beer, 25 Pizza)C) C(25 Beer, 15 Pizza)D) None of the bundle will be chosen.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice7) With respect to consuming food and shelter, two consumers face the same prices and both claim to be in equilibrium. We therefore know thatA) they both have the same marginal utility for food.B) they both have the same marginal utility for shelter.C) they both have the same MRS of food for shelter.D) All of the above.Answer: CTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice8) Johnny has allocated $30 toward coffee and tea and feels that coffee and tea are perfect substitutes. Due to differences in caffeine levels, his MRS of tea for coffee equals 2. If coffee and tea sell for the same price, Johnny willA) spend all $30 on tea.B) spend all $30 on coffee.C) spend $20 on coffee and $10 on tea.D) be indifferent between any bundle of coffee and tea costing $30.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice9) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. Which bundle will Max choose?A) aB) bC) cD) dAnswer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choiceshown in the above figure. What is the price of chicken?A) $0.80/lbB) $1.25/lbC) $4/lbD) $5/lbAnswer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice11) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. If the price of burger increases,A) Max will buy less burger and more chicken.B) Max will buy less burger and the same quantity of chicken.C) Max will buy less of both meats.D) More information is needed to answer the question.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice12) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. What happens if Max's mother gives him 10 pounds of burger?A) Max would have preferred receiving the dollar value of the burger.B) Max is indifferent between this gift and the dollar value of the burger.C) Max prefers this gift to the dollar value of the burger.D) None of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice13) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. What happens if Max's mother gives him 30 pounds of burger?A) Max would have preferred receiving the dollar value of the burger.B) Max is indifferent between this gift and the dollar value of the burger.C) Max prefers this gift to the dollar value of the burger.D) None of the above.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice14) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. What happens if Max receives a $100 cash grant to buy either meat or chicken?A) Max will double his consumption of both meats.B) Max will spend it all on burger. Because of its lower price, he can buy more of it.C) Max will take advantage of the gift by buying all chicken because it is the more expensive meat.D) There is not enough information to answer the question.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice15) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. Which of the following best describes Max's preferences?A) d > b > eB) d = b = eC) a = b > cD) a = b > eAnswer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choiceshown in the above figure. Which of the following bundles are in Max's opportunity set?A) a, b, cB) b, d, eC) a, b, dD) None of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice17) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and indifference map are shown in the above figure. If the price of burger increases, which of the following bundles are in Max's opportunity set?A) b, d, eB) d, eC) a, b, c, d, eD) None of the labeled points are in Max's opportunity set.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice18) Cash may be preferred to food stamps because additional cashA) rotates the budget constraint.B) shifts out the budget constraint at every point.C) provides a smaller opportunity set.D) allows the purchase of more food.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice19) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and indifference map are shown in the above figure. If Max is currently at point eA) his MRS is less than the trade-off offered by the market.B) is willing to give up more burger than he has to given market prices.C) is not maximizing his utility.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice20) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and indifference map are shown in the above figure. If Max is currently at point dA) his MRS is larger than the trade-off offered by the market.B) is willing to give up more chicken than he has to given market prices.C) is not maximizing his utility.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer ChoiceFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.21) Consumers do not prefer gifts-in-kind to cash gifts.Answer: True. It is possible the consumer would buy the same gift with cash and therefore be just as well off. If the consumer bought something other than the gift, that means that this something else is preferred to the gift. At best, the gift yields the same utility as would have been achieved with the cash, but never more. Topic: Consumer's Constrained Choice22) If MRS > MRT, then the consumer is better off than at equilibrium.Answer: False. MRS > MRT implies that the consumer values the next unit of "x" more than it costs to obtain it. That is, there is a gain from trade to be made. As more "x" is purchased, MRS falls and eventually MRS = MRT. At this point, all gains from trade have been made.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice23) Joe subscribes to an Internet provider that charges $2 per hour. He has $100 per month to spend and is at equilibrium by buying 10 hours of Internet access and $80 worth of other goods. Draw the indifference curve and budget line. If the company switches to a $20 monthly fee for unlimited Internet access, is Joe better off? Answer:See the above figure. Under the new plan Joe can still purchase his original bundle and get additional time on the Internet for free. Note that had Joe been consuming less than 10 hours at $2 per hour, the new pricing policy would leave him worse off.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice24) Suppose Joe's utility for lobster (L) and soda (S) can be represented as U = L0.5 S0.5. Joe walks into a restaurant with $72. Lobsters cost $18 each and sodas cost $2 each. How much lobster and soda will Joe consume if he intends to spend all his money? (There are no tax and no tips.)Answer: Maximizing Joe's utility subject to his budget constraint yields:U = L0.5 S0.5 + l(72 - 18L - 2S)1. dU/dL = 0.5 L-0.5 S0.5. - l18 = 02. dU/dL = 0.5 L0.5 S-0.5 - l2 = 03. dU/dL = 72 - 18L - 2S = 0From 1) and 2), S/L = 9 or S = 9L. Substituting into 3) yields 72 - 36L = 0 or L = 2. Since S = 9L, S = 18. Thus, Joe will buy 2 lobsters and wash it all down with 18 sodas.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice25) Joe's indifference map for lobster and soda is shown in the above figure along with his budget line. Will Joe choose point a? Explain your answer in terms both of MRS and the level of utility.Answer: Joe will not choose point a. Since the slope of his budget line tells us that he must give up only 9 sodas to get a lobster, Joe will wish to buy more lobsters and less soda than bundle a provides. From a utility standpoint, Joe will not choose point a because another bundle that lies on a higher indifference curve is obtainable.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice26) John is indifferent between canned soup and fresh soup. Canned soup sells for $1 per serving and fresh soup sells for $2 per serving. Assuming that John has allocated $4 toward soup, how will he spend it? Explain your answer by drawing John's budget line and indifference curves.Answer:See the above figure. Canned and fresh soups are perfect substitutes. A corner solution exists where John spends all $4 on canned soup.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice27) Suppose that left shoes and right shoes must be purchased separately. Ingrid needs an equal number of each type of shoe and has a budget of $100 for shoes. Left shoes always cost $1. If right shoes cost $19 each, how many of each will Ingrid buy? If the price of right shoes increases to $49 each, how will Ingrid react? Explain your answer by drawing the indifference curves and budget lines.Answer:See the above figure. Since Ingrid needs an equal number of each type of shoe, left shoes and right shoes are perfect complements. If right shoes are $19 each, Ingrid purchases 5 pairs of shoes. If right shoes are $49 each, Ingrid purchases 2 pairs.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice28) Johnny has $100 to spend on books and all other goods. Books cost $20 each and Johnny is at equilibrium consuming 3 books and $40 worth of other goods. Johnny's grandmom wants to give Johnny either a book or $20 for his birthday. Which gift does Johnny prefer? Explain using an indifference map and budget lines.Answer:See the above figure. Since Johnny's equilibrium book consumption exceeds the quantity of books in the gift-in-kind, Johnny is indifferent between receiving the book or the cash. Had Johnny been consuming less than one book, he would have preferred the cash.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice29) Lisa consumes only pizzas (P) and burritos (B). Her utility function is U = P0.5 B0.5. The price of per pizza is $10 and the price per burrito is $5. In equilibrium, Lisa consumes 4 pizzas. Using Lisa's utility function, calculate how many burritos she consumes.Answer: The marginal utility of pizza equals B0.5/2P0.5. The marginal utility of a burrito equals P0.5/2B0.5. In equilibrium, the ratio of the marginal utilities will equal the ratio of prices. The ratio of marginal utilities simplifies to B/P. The ratio of prices is 10/5. Since we know that Lisa consumes 4 pizzas, she must consume 8 burritos.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice30) Lisa consumes only pizzas and burritos. In equilibrium, her marginal utility of pizza is 20 and her marginal utility of a burrito is 10. The price of a pizza is $4. What is the price of a burrito?Answer: In equilibrium, the ratio of the marginal utility of a pizza divided by the price of a pizza must equal the marginal utility of a burrito divided by the price of a burrito. Thus, the price of a burrito must be $2. Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice21。

管理经济学讲义-华中科技大学张克中博博士anti 案例

MBA管理经济学阅读材料及案例分析从迪斯尼到壳牌：大公司“新分权浪潮”在经历了公司丑闻的风潮之后，不仅上市公司财务数据的可信度在市场投资者心中大打折扣，而且以往的公司治理模式也日益为投资人所诟病，并引发了越来越多的股东投下不信任票，甚至要求改变现行的公司治理架构、予以股东更大权力以制约管理层的行为。

最近的例子就是，迪斯尼（Disney）的股东就在股东大会上组织了一场“逼宫”，以43％的不信任票迫使麦克尔·埃斯纳（Michael Eisner）辞去董事长职务，从而结束其十几年身兼董事长和CEO的独大局面；而在同一天，壳牌石油公司的股东也迫使涉嫌虚报公司可开发石油储备的菲利浦·沃茨爵士辞去了董事长职务。

毫无疑问，较之于20世纪90年代，经过公司丑闻教训的股东的自我保护意识日益上升，并且对管理层构成了一定的制约甚至压力。

所以得罪甚至激怒股东的管理层，不会有什么好下场。

不过，我们也必须看到，目前股东所扮演的角色，更多是在事后制约的意义上发挥作用。

迪斯尼业绩不理想众所周知而且已有时日，股东们一直到公司面临沦为康卡斯特（Comcast）低价收购的对象之后才组织“逼宫”。

壳牌的股东更是一直被行政管理层蒙在鼓里，一直到局面不可收拾时才被告知实情。

虽然股东可以通过诉讼等方式向公司和负有责任的管理层人员要求赔偿（事实上也已经有股东在美国对壳牌公司提出了高达50亿美元的集团诉讼），但那毕竟属于亡羊补牢，而且赔偿本身还会给公司带来更大损害。

因此，要较好地解决问题，恐怕还是需要由公司治理的基本架构入手，改变股东只能在事后用脚投票的局面，提供一定的机制允许股东（特别是机构投资者股东）在一定条件下更大程度介入公司治理，特别是在选择董事会人选和审查行政管理层的薪酬安排这两方面。

在经典的公司治理理论下，股东通过选举董事会成员来行使其作为所有者对公司的管理权力，而董事会行使管理公司的一般权力并雇佣专业管理人员作为行政层，对公司进行日常管理，从而实现了所有权与管理权的分离，这也是公司民主的分权安排。

华科专业选修课

华科专业选修课
华中科技大学（简称“华科”）的专业选修课因学院和专业的不同而有所差异，涵盖理工、人文社科、管理、医学等多个学科领域。

以下是一些常见的专业选修课程举例：
1. 计算机科学与技术专业：数据结构与算法分析、数据库系统原理、人工智能基础、计算机网络、软件工程、操作系统等。

2. 电子信息工程专业：数字信号处理、通信原理、嵌入式系统设计、微波技术与天线、电子线路CAD等。

3. 经济学专业：微观经济学、宏观经济学、国际金融、计量经济学、产业经济学、经济博弈论等。

4. 机械工程专业：机械设计理论、现代制造技术、机器人学、机电一体化系统设计、流体力学等。

5. 新闻传播学专业：新闻采访与写作、新媒体研究、广告学、公共关系学、影视制作等。

6. 生物医学工程专业：生物材料科学、生物医学信号处理、生物力学、生物医学仪器原理及设计、生物信息学等。

以上仅为部分示例，具体的专业选修课清单，请参考华中科技大学各学院的最新教学计划或咨询相关院系办公室获取详细信息。

华中科技大学本科生课表模版

院(系)主管教学负责人签字:孙雅亮制表人：康忠军联系电话：87559334
3——1
华中科技大学本科生课表页面及文字排版要求
1、整个课表页面设置纸张大小为：A3幅面，Excel格式；页边距为：左1.1、右0.9，上2.0、下2.0，页眉、页脚各为1.3。

2、课表“标题”一栏，字体为：黑体22号字，加粗。

3、课表“周次、教学进程”一栏，字体为：宋体14号字，加粗。

4、课表“课程名称、学时数、学分、任课教师姓名职称”一栏，字体为：宋体12号字，内容为：宋体11号字。

5、课表“专业班”一栏，字体为：宋体12号字，加粗。

6、课表“星期、节次”一栏，字体为：宋体14号字，内容为：宋体12号字。

7、课表“备注、说明”一栏，字体为：宋体12号字，加粗，内容为：宋体12号字。

8、课表“院（系）负责人签字”一栏，字体为：黑体12号字，加粗。

9、课表“页脚”一栏，字体为：宋体16号字，加粗。

10、课表“周次、教学进程、专业班、备注、说明”栏及“星期”栏外框全部为黑粗线，其余为普通细线。

11、课表“周次、教学进程、专业班、备注、说明”栏为浅灰色底色（填充颜色灰色25%）。

教务处
二○一○年十月。

华中科技大学管院考博专业课《管理经济学》真题

华中科技大学2002年招收博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：《管理经济学》适用专业：工商管理，管理科学与工程1.(20分）中国是世界上最大的烟草消费国，烟草行业也是中央和地方两级财政收入的重要来源之一。

据估计,2000年国内香烟总消费量大约为750亿包。

已知香烟的需求价格弹性为—0.25,供给价格弹性为0。

4，香烟的平均价格为5元/包。

A. 假定香烟的需求与供给曲线都是线性的，利用上述信息推出需求与供给方程；B。

如果政府对每包香烟加征0。

5元的消费税，需求量和供给量将会变化多少？政府增加的税收为多少？2。

(20分)两家公司生产相同的产品，但生产函数不同.两家公司的生产函数分别为：Q A=100K0.5L0.5Q R=100K0.6L0。

4式中:Q为产量,K为资本,L为劳动。

A。

如果两家公司的产量相同，哪家公司的劳动生产率更高？B。

是否可以认为劳动生产率高的那家公司其产品成本较低?3。

(20分）在某一市场中有两家企业，市场需求曲线为P=10—Q，两家企业的总成本函数分别为：TC1(Q1)=4+2Q1，TC2（Q2）=3+3Q2，其中Q=Q1+Q2A.如果两家企业勾结，它们将会把产品价格确定为多少?B。

如果两家企业相互竞争，产品价格将为多少?4.（20分）2001年诺贝尔经济学奖授予了两位在信息经济学方面作出贡献的经济学家。

按照这两位经济学家的观点，当市场交易活动中出现信息不对称时，将会导致市场失效（market failure），进而引起资源的低效配置.请说明信息不对称是如何导致市场失效的.纠正因信息不对称而产生的市场失效有哪些途径?5。

（20分）我国已经正式成为WTO成员国。

按照WTO的规则，在考虑各成员国经济发展的前提下，各国必须尽可能低降低关税壁垒。

请用博弈论(game theory) 模型讨论两国之间采取在开放或保护政策方面可能出现的选择:情形之一:开放对两国都是上策（dominant strategy）情形之二：存在着纳什均衡状态,即:(开放，开放），（保护，保护）华中科技大学2003年招收博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目:《管理经济学》适用专业: 工商管理，管理科学与工程1. (20分)解释规模经济与范围经济的涵义.这两个概念在管理上有何意义？请举例解释。

华中科技大学费剑平高级微观经济学课程讲义 Lecture08

example, good 1 in figure 5). Some examples of inferior goods are things that allow us to stay
alive without spending much money (such as Spam). If our income increases we switch to a
1
Microeconomic Theory: Lecturer. J. Ping Fei
Lecture 08 - 2
remember that the assumptions that we make affect the conclusions we reach even if the data we work with does not change. The assumptions we make as well as the models we work with will affect the conclusions we reach.
good that we like better but that we could not afford before.
A note on assumptions. Two people, with different assumptions about the way the world
is set up, can look at the same data and come up with widely different conclusions. We need to
b. Effects of changes in prices Now we want to see how demand changes when we change prices. Let’s say the price of

财务管理华中科技大学研究生院

3）Zhou F., Chen R., Xinping Xia,Fractal Character of Stock-Volume Relation and Regulation of Stock Price Manipulation, World Scientific: Fractals-Complex Geometry, Patterns, & Scaling in Nature & Society, 2003, Vol.11, No.2, 173-181.(SCI，INSPEC)
第8章资本成本
8.1资本成本的概念
8.2优先股、债券、普通股资本成本的计算
8.3加权平均资本成本的计算
第9章资本结构理论
9.1资本结构的概念
9.2资本结构理论的演进及其实践
第10章股利政策
10.1现金股利
10.2股票回购
10.3股利政策与公司价值
10.4股票股利和股票拆细
第11章杠杆企业的估价与资本预算
2.1基本的财务报表：资产负债表、利润分配表和现金流量表
2.2基本的财务比率分析（偿债能力、营运能力、获利能力）、趋势分析
2.3杜邦分析体系
2.4公司长期财务预测
第3章资金的时间价值
3.1资金时间价值的概念
3.2单利和复利的概念及计算
3.3一次性支付资金的未来值、现值的计算
3.4年金的概念、未来值和现值的计算
3.5资金时间价值的应用（如房贷的计算、养老基金及储蓄计划）
第4章风险资产的估价－股票
4.1风险资产估价的基本原理
4.2股票的基本概念及分类
4.3风险资产（股票）估价的现金流量贴现法（DCF法）
4.4风险资产（股票）估价的相对价值评估法

华科经济学853考纲

华科经济学853考纲摘要：1.华科经济学853 考纲概述2.考纲内容详解2.1 宏观经济学部分2.2 微观经济学部分2.3 统计学部分2.4 政治经济学部分3.备考建议正文：【华科经济学853 考纲概述】华科经济学853 考纲是指华中科技大学（华科）针对经济学专业研究生入学考试所制定的考试大纲。

该考纲主要包括宏观经济学、微观经济学、统计学和政治经济学四个部分，为考生提供了全面的复习范围和考试指南。

本文将对华科经济学853 考纲进行详细解读，并提供一些备考建议。

【考纲内容详解】【2.1 宏观经济学部分】宏观经济学部分主要考察考生对宏观经济现象和政策分析的能力，包括国民收入核算、国民收入决定、通货膨胀、失业、宏观经济政策等内容。

考生需要熟练掌握宏观经济学的基本概念、理论和政策分析方法。

【2.2 微观经济学部分】微观经济学部分主要考察考生对市场经济中的个体行为和市场结构的理解，包括需求、供给、价格、消费者剩余、生产要素价格、市场结构、竞争策略等内容。

考生需要熟练掌握微观经济学的基本概念、理论和实证分析方法。

【2.3 统计学部分】统计学部分主要考察考生对数据处理、数据分析和概率论的掌握程度，包括描述性统计、推断性统计、回归分析、时间序列分析、概率论和数理统计等内容。

考生需要熟练掌握各种统计方法和技巧，并能运用到实际问题中。

【2.4 政治经济学部分】政治经济学部分主要考察考生对社会主义市场经济体制的理解和认识，包括政治经济学的基本概念、社会主义市场经济的运行机制、国有企业改革、收入分配、政府与市场关系等内容。

考生需要结合我国实际情况，深入理解政治经济学的理论体系和政策实践。

【3 备考建议】针对华科经济学853 考纲，考生可以采取以下备考策略：1.系统学习：按照考纲内容，系统学习宏观经济学、微观经济学、统计学和政治经济学的基本理论和方法，确保全面掌握考试范围。

2.练习题：通过做历年真题、模拟题和习题集，加深对理论知识的理解和运用能力，提高解题速度和准确率。

2024年华中科技大学研究生入学考试《数字经济专业基础》849考研大纲

华中科技大学研究生入学考试《数字经济专业基础》考试大纲科目代码：849第一部分考试说明一、考试性质微观经济学、博弈论和信息经济学、数字经济基础知识是数字经济专业硕士生必考的专业基础课。

其考试要求达到高等学校优秀本科毕业生的水平，以保证被录取者具有较好的经济学理论基础。

二、考试形式与试卷结构（一）答卷方式：闭卷，笔试（二）答题时间：180 分钟（三）各部分内容比例1.微观经济学内容70分2.博弈论和信息经济学内容50分3.数字经济基础知识内容30分（四）题型1.名词解释2.计算题3.问答题（五）参考书目（以最新版本为准）1.[美]哈尔·R. 范里安著，费方域等译，微观经济学：现代观点(第六版)。

上海三联书店，上海人民出版社。

2.[美]罗伯特吉本斯, 博弈论基础, 中国社会科学出版社。

3.国务院印发《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》。

第二部分考查要点一、微观经济学（一）消费者理论预算集及性质，预算线及其变动，计价物，税收、补贴和配给，消费者偏好，关于偏好的假设，弱偏好集，无差异曲线，边际替代率及解释，效用函数，序数效用，基数效用，边际效用，边际效用与边际替代率的关系，消费者最优选择，需求束，需求函数，税收类型的选择，正常商品，低档商品，收入提供曲线，恩格尔曲线，普通商品，吉芬商品，价格提供曲线，需求曲线，替代与互补，反需求函数，替代效应，收入效应，斯勒茨基方程，需求总变动的构成，变动率，需求法则，斯勒茨基替代效应与希克斯替代效应，补偿需求曲线，或有消费计划，期望效用函数，厌恶风险，偏好风险，风险中性，消费者剩余及其解释，消费者剩余的变化，补偿变化，等价变化，生产者剩余及其变化，计算得利和损失。

（二）市场从个人需求到市场需求，市场需求曲线，需求价格弹性，收益及其与弹性的关系，边际收益及其与弹性的关系，需求收入弹性，供给曲线，市场供给曲线，竞争市场，均衡价格，经济均衡，税收对均衡的影响，税收的额外净损失，帕累托效率。

工程经济学课后习题(华中科技大学)

精心整理《工程经济学》复习题0绪论填空题： 1、“经济”一词有多层含义，一般可理解为生产关系、、等意思。

答案：社会的各种生产管理活动、节省节约2、工程技术方案经济效果评价的可比条件包括：的可比性、相关费用的可比、的可比、的可比。

1A.C.答案：1212定量差异宏观预测+统计分析，以预测为主。

3、工程技术方案经济效果评价的可比条件有哪些？答：①满足需要的可比性②相关费用的可比 ③时间因素的可比 ④价格的可比可比性所涉及的问题远不止上述四种，还有定额标准、安全系数等等。

分析人员认为必要时，可自行斟酌决定。

总之，满足可比条件是方案比较的前提，必须遵守。

1资金的时间价值填空题：1、名义利率的实质是计息期小于一年的利率，化为年利率时，忽略了因素，没有计算的利息。

答案：时间、利息2、向银行借款2000元,借期为5年,若年利率为8%,则单利和复利的利息分别为元和元。

答案：800、938.73、现金流量图的“三要素”是：现金流量、和。

答案：发生的时点、大小、方向4、某人以8%单利借出1500元，借期为3年。

到期后以7%复利把所得的款额（本金加利息）再借出，借期10年。

则此人在13年年末可获得的本利和为元。

5为、。

答案：6、产1100万元,2、()元和()A.6000C.64003A.4A.3，5、若F1=P（1+i）n/2,F2=P（1+i/2）n，则F1、F2的关系为（）。

A.F1=F2B.F1〉F2C.F1〈F2D.无法确定答案：C6、等额支付序列的投资回收系数可用于()的计算。

A.已知现值求等额年金B.已知现值求终值C.已知终值求现值D.已知等额年金求终值答案：A7、已知月利率为1％，计息周期为月，则年名义利率为（）。

A.8％B.12％C.13％D.10％答案：B多选题：1、产生资金时间价值的原因有（）。

A．通货膨胀B.承担风险C.成本变化D.投资增值答案：ABD2、计算净现金流量时，以下()等项应作为现金流出。

华科经济学853考纲

华科经济学853考纲华中科技大学经济学（853）考纲主要包括以下内容：一、宏观经济学。

1. 宏观经济学基本概念和宏观经济学体系。

2. GDP与国民收入核算。

3. 经济增长与经济波动。

4. 通货膨胀与通货紧缩。

5. 失业与就业。

6. 货币与银行体系。

7. 财政政策与货币政策。

8. 国际经济与国际贸易。

9. 经济全球化与区域经济一体化。

10. 经济发展与环境保护。

二、微观经济学。

1. 微观经济学基本概念和微观经济学体系。

2. 市场供求与价格形成。

3. 市场结构与产业组织。

4. 生产与成本。

5. 市场失灵与政府干预。

6. 消费者行为与需求理论。

7. 生产者行为与供给理论。

8. 市场竞争与垄断。

9. 资源配置与效率。

10. 公共物品与外部性。

三、经济数学与计量经济学。

1. 数理统计基础。

2. 线性代数与矩阵运算。

3. 微积分与最优化理论。

4. 统计推断与假设检验。

5. 计量经济学基本概念与模型。

6. 单一方程模型与多元回归模型。

7. 模型评估与误差修正模型。

8. 时间序列模型与协整分析。

9. 面板数据模型。

四、经济学原理与方法。

1. 经济学的科学性与思维方式。

2. 经济学研究的基本方法与逻辑。

3. 经济学的历史与学派。

4. 经济学的伦理与社会责任。

5. 经济学与其他学科的交叉与应用。

以上是华中科技大学经济学（853）考纲的主要内容，涵盖了宏观经济学、微观经济学、经济数学与计量经济学以及经济学原理与方法等方面的知识。

希望对你有所帮助！。

华中科技大学《计量经济学》计量经济建模模型(精)PPT课件

计的精度降低
未加证明的经验：包含一个不相关变量比去掉了一个相关变量要好！但是包含一个不相关变量导致估计量的精度降低，还可能引起多重共线性等。因此最好的方法是，基于经济学理论或变量间的逻辑关系或已有的文献，模型仅包含那些直接影响应变量的解释变量，且这些解释变量还不应被模型所包含的其它解释变量所解释
在上述5类设定问题中,1-4类设定误差是基本和常见的,称为模型设定误差(Model specification error),其基本特征是与正确设定的模型相比较, 而第5种设定误差称为模型误设所引起的误差 (Model mis-specification error,),简称为误设误差,其特征是不知道正确设定的模型,而是从相互竞争的模型开始, 如凯恩斯理论强调政府支出对GDP的作用,而货币学派则强调货币对于解释GDP的作用.基于这2种经济学理论就形成了两个相互竞争的模型,回归因子分别为政府支出和货币.从经济学理论和计量经济学的实证,并不知道其中的哪一个是正确设定的模型.
Yi=a1+a2X2i+vi
(13.9)
王少平教授：华中科技大学经济学院本科试验班计量经济学讲义
产生的后果
若X3i与X2i相关，即相关系数为r23≠0 这种设定误差导致参数估计有偏若r23＝0，但，即X3i与X2i无关，具有对于设
定有误偏差而的a2的模估型计（是13无.9）偏的。估计，a1的估计是真实模型的误差ui的方差s2也不能通过估计
a1、a2和a3的估计是无偏和一致的，即 E(ˆ1) 1 E(ˆ2 ) 2 E(ˆ3) 3 0（b3在正确设定的模型中不出
现即为0）。
王少平教授：华中科技大学经济学院本科试验班计量经济学讲义

华中科技大学主校区2018-2019学年度第二学期全校公共选修课课表(1)

32 2 全校本科生
32 2 全校非医学各专业的本科生 32 2 全校本科生 32 2 全校本科生 32 2 全校理工科的本科生 32 2 人文社科的本科生 32 2 人文社科的本科生 32 2 全校本科生 32 2 全校本科生
45 艺术教育中心罗德瑞讲师 180 新闻学院李华君等副教授
200 计划生育研究所章慧平等教授
31 GEC0541 大学生职业素养培养
32 2 全校本科生
40 学生工作处
杨柳
助教
32 GEC1471 心理学与生活
32 2 一、二、三年级本科生
50 学生工作处
杨柳
助教
33 GEC0371 自我认知与生涯规划
32 2 全校本科生
40 学生工作处
张建
助教
34 GEC0541 大学生职业素养培养
32 2 全校本科生
尹仕高级工程师
华中科技大学主校区2018——2019学年度第二学期全校素质教育通识选修课程（公共选修
序号 59
课程代码
课程名称及类别
GEC0881 电工电子工程基础I
课）课表
总学时
32
学分 2
开课对象电工电子科技创新中心2018级本科生
人数 30
开课单位电气学院
任课教师职称尹仕高级工程师
180
体育部
徐新波副教授
180
体育部
徐新波副教授
80
电信学院
陈建文副教授
60
光电学院
王英等副教授
60
光电学院
王英等副教授
60
机械学院
李喜秋讲师
80 计算机学院李丹等副教授