英语词汇学练习参考答案

词汇学练习参考答案
I. Some of the following statements are true, and others are false. Mark your answer by writing T or F in the bracket at the end of each sentences.
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. F
7. T
8. T
9. F 10. F 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. F
15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. F 21. F 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. F 26. T
27. T 28. F 29. F 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35.T 36. F 37. F 38. F 39. F
40. T 41. F 42. T 43. F 44. T 45. F 46. F 47. T 48. T 49. F 50. T 51. T 52. F
53. F 54. T 55. F 56. T 57. T 58. F 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T 65. T
66. F 67. T 68. F 69. T 70. T 71. F 72. F 73. T 74. T 75. F 76. T 77. T 78. F
79. T 80. F 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. F 85. T 86. T 87. T 88. F 89. T 90. F 91. T
92. F 93. F 94. T 95. F 96. T 97. T 98. T 99. F 100. F 101. T 102. T 103. T
104. T 105. F 106. T 107. T 108. T 109. F 110. F 111. F 112. T 113. T 114. T
115. F 116. F 117. T 118. T 119. F 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. F 125. T
126. F 127. F
II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A, B, C, or D which best completes the sentence.
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. A
15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A
27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. B
39. B 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. D
51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D 61. D 62. A
63. D 64. C 65. B 66. A 67. A 68. D 69. C 70. D 71. D 72. D 73. A 74. D
75. D 76. A 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. D 84. D 85. B 86. A
87. B 88. C 89. C 90. A 91. B 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. C 96. D 97. D 98. B
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99. B 110. C 101. A 102. A 103. B 104. B 105. C 106. C 107. D
III. 连线题
Section A
1. J
2. A
3. B
4. H
5. E
6. D
7. F
8. I
9. G 10. C
Section B
1. G
2. E
3. H
4. F
5. I
6. C
7. B
8. J
9. A 10. D
Section C
1. D
2. B
3. E
4. G
5. A
6. C
7. F
8. I
9. J 10. H
IV. 填空题
Section A
1. aliens
2. intrinsic
3. Denizens
4. common
5. stable
6. Conversion
7. polysemy
8. compounding
9. pejorative 10. Reference 11. arbitrary
12. imperfect 13. reversative 14. French 15. lexical 16. extension/generalization 17. 1500
Section B
18. mositure 19. rigid 20. deserted 21. innocent 22. old-fshioned 23. loosen 24. completely 25. similarity 26. indifferent 27. fruitful 28. special 29. essential 30. depressed/sad
V. Complete the following sentences by choosing phrases from the list and using them in
their proper forms.
Section A
31. stood out against 32. approve of 33. get over with 34. looking into
35. come up with 36. comply with 37. cashed in on 38. go without
39. will profit by/from 40. put down to
Section B
41. close 42. cold 43. narrow 44. cardinal 45. burning 46. capital
47. circumstantial 48. cool 49. double-minded 50. fair 51. green-eyed
52. happy 53. hollow 54. open-ended 55. random 56. round
VI.
1. b
2. i
3. c
4. f
5. a
6. h
7. e
8. d
9. g 10. j 11. r 12. p 13.s 14. k 15. o 16. m 17. l 18. n 19. q
IX分析题
（问题）1. As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humor, sarcasm or ridicule. Consider the following conversation that takes place between a waitress and a customer in a restaurant: “You are not eating the fish,”the waitress said to him, “Anything wrong with it?”
“Long time no sea,”the man replied.
：Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet 答案after a long time of separation. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to
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his advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant.
Long time no sea implies that the “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating.”
（问题）2. Collocation can affect the meaning of words
答案：Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion, and collocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation. Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may collocate with. In other words, collocation can affect the meanings of words. For example, “pretty”and “handsome”share the conceptual meaning of “good looking”, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty girl (boy/woman/flower) and handsome man (car/airline, etc.).
（问题）3. The “pen”is mightier than the “sword”.
Explain what “pen”and “sword”mean respectively using the theory of motivation.
答案：(1). Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. (2). Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. (3). In this sentence, “pen”reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; “sword”reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.
（问题）4. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.
答案：(1).Connotative meaning, known as connotation, refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. (2). Connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary,
but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers. Thus they are unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period and the experience of the individual. (3). For example, the word “home”may remind one child of warmth, safety or love, while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference, hatred, or even hell.
（问题）5. Grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, connotative meaning, collocative meaning, conceptual meaning, associative meaning, denotative meaning, formal, neutral, informal, appreciative, pejorative
答案：Meaning—grammatical meaning
—lexical meaning—conceptual meaning
(denotative meaning)
—associative meaning—connotative meaning
—collocative meaning
—stylistic meaning
(formal, neutral, informal)
—affective meaning
(appreciative, pejorative)
（问题）6. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.
recollection, nationalist, unearthly
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答案：(1). Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collection), nationalist (nation+al+ist), unearthly (un+earth+ly).
(2). Of the nine morphemes, only “collect”, “nation”and “earth”are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.
(3) All the rest re-, -ion, -al, -ist, un- and-ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as
words.
（问题）7. Analyze and comment on the following.
He has been sick since this fall.
Tell what “sick”and “fall”mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.
答案：(1). ”sick”means “ill”and “fall”means “autumn”in present American English;
(2). These words no longer have such meanings in presnet British English;
(3). American English has revived the old meaning of “sick”and that of “fall”. This is the revival of archaic or obsolete words.
（问题）8. Find blends from the following sentence and give the explanation of which types of blendings they belong to respectively.
“There is a set of hi-fi in the motel. ”
答案：(1). Blends: hi+fi=high+fidelity, motel=motor+hotel;
(2). hi+fi: head+head, motel: head+tail.
（问题）9. Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in B's speech. Give the two possible Chinese translations.
A. “What color would you paint the sun and the wind?”
B. “The sun rose and the wind blue.”
答案：(1). Rose can be defined in two ways: color of rose and the past form of the verb rise.
(2). Blue in two ways too: the color blue and the past form of the verb blow (in pronunciation).
a). 粉红的太阳，蓝色的风。

b). 太阳升起来了，风吹起来了。

（问题）10. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out
the right antonyms for each fast respectively.
A. My God, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo.
B. The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt.
C. The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.
答案：A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym.
Sentence A means the clock is one hour ahead of the local time, and the antonym of fast is
slow.
Sentence B means the colors are resistant to destruction or fading, and the antonym of fast is loose.
Sentence C means the visit was accomplished in relatively little time, and its antonym of fast is long.
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11. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy: apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery.
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