雅思段落写作详解

Structure of an Academic Essay

Introduction---主要功能：1.引出所讨论的话题（给出背景信息）；2. 回答题干中的问题；3. “预告片”---给出全文大纲

S1: Introduce general topic (提供背景知识，改写原文)

Define important terms (optional)

S2： provide thesis statement, 直接回答问题

S3: Introduce main topics / issues - in order of appearance. 能用名词词组直接总结归纳body paragraph的topic sentence

Body paragraph type 1 立论段落---主要功能：1. “立”---树立，树立自己的核心观点（topic sentence分论点）；2. 解释说明为什么分论点是正确的。

S1: Topic sentence (此句与thesis statement之间有逻辑上的因果关系)

S2: Further Explanation (与topic sentence之间要么还是因果关系；要么就找出topic sentence中的某一个主题词将其再分成两个更加具体的词)

S3: Evidence (并列的下义词举例；某一个)

S4: Concluding statement / linker（根据内容，要么总结段落内容进行深化；要么就承上启下引出下一段要写的主要内容）

注意事项：

1.写作前检查：thesis statement （总论点）– topic sentence（分论点）之间的因果关系是否成立，关键词是否照应，topic sentence的层次是否合适

2.从topic sentence出发进行充分展开和论述---Writing techniques 段落展开的常用方法：

Definition

Cause & effect

Comparison & contrast

Classification

Exemplification (allusion, statistics, case)

例：(2013.5.18) some people believe that all the students should learn about history while other people think students should spend

more time on the subjects which are more relevant to their daily life. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Topic sentence 1:To begin with, learning history can instill the cultural heritages of the community into students’ mind.

立论段基本构成：Topic sentence + further explanation + evidence + concluding statement/linker

Further explanation (cause-effect, contrast, classification, detailed description)

To begin with, learning history can instill the cultural heritages of the community into students’ mind.

That is to say,/ To be more specific,/ Specifically speaking,/To be more explicit,/By this I mean… (further explanation的提示词)

(1) Cause & effect展开方式要求解释原因和结果，思维上即尝试用because开头去想“为什么呢？这个问题的答案即为第二句further explanation”：This is mainly because the contents included in history curriculum are full of detailed descriptions of their ethnic groups’ origins, time-honoured traditions, historical events and legendary histories of their ancestors.

(2) Comparison & contrast对topic sentence中的事情进行缺失假设，“如果没有……，那么将会……”假设的条件即为第二句的further explanation: Without/In the absence of knowing the long-standing traditions of their society, students could not establish their cultural identities.

(3) Classification则要求从topic sentence中寻找到一个名词，看是否可以进一步写成更加确切的词:

（展开topic sentence中的“community”） It is necessary for all the ethnics, ranging from Asians, Europeans, Africans and Arabs, to know their history and culture.

（展开topic sentence中的“cultural heritages”） It is necessary for students to gain an insight into the origins of their ethnic, the significant historical events in the long course of development and