中国古典园林全面介绍 中西对比 英文 Chinese Classical Garden
中国园林英文介绍
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Thank you
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makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers. 假自然之景，创山水真趣
artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural
corridors
Corridors form another feature of Chinese gardens. There are water corridors built along a riverside, flower corridors inserted among flowers, willow corridors among rows of willow， and bamboo corridors among rows of bamboo.
Chinese Classical Garden
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中 国 园 林
Chinese Classical Garden
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Construction principle Four greatest gardens Characteristic elements
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Construction principle
妙极自然，宛自天开
颐和园
the Summer Palace
Chengde Imperial Summer Resort
承德避 暑山庄
拙政园
Humble Administrator Garden
Four greatest gardens
Lingering Garden
中英园林对比英语作文初中
中英园林对比英语作文初中Chinese and English Gardens: A Comparison。
Gardens are an integral part of the natural beauty that surrounds us. They are not only a place of relaxation and tranquility but also a reflection of a country's culture and history. In this essay, we will compare and contrast the Chinese and English gardens, two of the most famous and influential garden styles in the world.Chinese gardens are known for their harmonious blend of natural and man-made elements. They are designed to create a sense of balance and tranquility, with an emphasis on symmetry and simplicity. The traditional Chinese garden typically features a combination of rocks, water, plants, and architecture, such as pavilions, bridges, and walkways. The goal of a Chinese garden is to evoke a sense ofserenity and peace, allowing visitors to escape from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.In contrast, English gardens are characterized by their informal and naturalistic design. They are often sprawling and picturesque, with an emphasis on natural beauty and the celebration of the changing seasons. English gardens typically feature a wide variety of plants, flowers, and trees, arranged in a seemingly haphazard manner to create a sense of wildness and freedom. The goal of an English garden is to create a sense of abundance and joy, inviting visitors to explore and immerse themselves in the beauty of nature.One of the key differences between Chinese and English gardens lies in their underlying philosophies. Chinese gardens are deeply rooted in the principles of Taoism and Confucianism, emphasizing the harmony between man and nature. They are designed to be a microcosm of the natural world, with every element carefully chosen and arranged to create a sense of balance and unity. In contrast, English gardens are influenced by the Romantic movement, which sought to celebrate the beauty and power of nature. They are designed to evoke a sense of wonder and awe, with an emphasis on the untamed and unpredictable aspects of thenatural world.Another difference between Chinese and English gardensis their use of water. In Chinese gardens, water is often used to create a sense of tranquility and reflection. It is carefully integrated into the landscape, with ponds, streams, and waterfalls strategically placed to enhance the overall sense of harmony and balance. In English gardens, water is often used to create a sense of movement and vitality. It is often incorporated in the form of fountains, lakes, and meandering streams, adding a sense of drama and energy to the landscape.Despite these differences, Chinese and English gardens also share some common elements. Both styles emphasize the use of natural materials, such as stone, wood, and plants,to create a sense of authenticity and timelessness. They also both seek to create a sense of escape and tranquility, providing visitors with a place to relax and rejuvenatetheir spirits.In conclusion, Chinese and English gardens are twodistinct styles that reflect the unique cultural and philosophical traditions of their respective countries. While Chinese gardens emphasize harmony and balance, English gardens celebrate the untamed beauty of nature. Despite their differences, both styles share a common goal of creating a place of beauty and tranquility for visitors to enjoy. Whether it's the serene elegance of a Chinese garden or the wild beauty of an English garden, both styles offer a unique and enriching experience for anyone who visits them.。
古建筑英文word精品
中国古典园林---- c lassical Chinese garden中国传统园林---- t raditional Chinese garden中国古代园林---- a ncient Chinese garden中国山水园------ C hinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑----- imperial palace garden皇家园林----- royal garden私家园林----- private garden江南园林-------- g arden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林-------- western classical garden英国式园林------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------- Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林----------- Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------- Spainish style garden法兰西式园林----------- French style garden勒诺特尔式园林--------- Le Notre\'s style garden文艺复兴庄园------------- Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林--------------- Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林------------- Baroque style garden庄园---------------- manor,villa garden廊柱园-------------- peristyle garden,patio绿廊---------------- xystus迷阵---------------- maze,labyrinth灵囿---------------- Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼--------- Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台--------- Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫------- E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑---------- S hang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------- W ei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫---------- L uoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫---------- H ua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳------------ G en Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园---------- Y uan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园------------ Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄-------- Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林------------ Suzhou traditional garden悬园------ Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园” ，“架高园” 。
Chinese classical garden 中国园林 英语论文
Chinese classical gardenGarden culture takes very important part in Chinese culture in both ancient people and modern peopleKey word：History E lements The classical gardens of SuzhouChinese garden, and its associated garden culture are expressions of Chinese vernacular landscape architecture aesthetics. Several cultural factors to form Classical Chinese Gardens and make it distinctive include Neolithic shamanism(萨满教), Geomancy（撒土占卜）, Confucianism and Taoism.Chinese garden has long history。
Since Shang Dynasty，The royal park was designed as a raised platform surrounded by lush vegetation in the palace where feasts were held.Successive dynasties expanded this idea into imperial hunting parks with scenic compositions of rocks and plants.Warring States，Tiger Hill (Chinese: 虎丘) was built The ultimate realization of the power aesthetic was realized by Qin Shihuang who turned the entire Wei Valley into a regional park dotted with 300 palaces connected by raised walkways in a microcosmic model of the universe. When the history turns to Western Han Dynasty Upper-Forest Garden (上林园). This park combined the features of relax. Kunming Lake with a recreation of the three fairy islands in the center, a motif that would become a common feature of later designs. Natural elements Eastern Han Dynasty An aesthetic of elegant simplicity was promoted to match an ethic of moderation. The idea of small is beautiful became the new measure of a garden's success.Small and simpleDevelopment …Tang Dynasty : multiplied numberSong Dynasty : high artIt was at this time Suzhou became the center of all intellectual life and garden design in China. Ming Dynasty : peakQing Dynasty : degenerationostentation and ornament (炫耀，装饰)ElementsThe design of Chinese gardens was to provide a way to come back to one's inner heart, to come back to ancient idealism.Chinese gardens are a place they could be far away from their real social lives, and close to the ancient way of life, their true selves, and nature. This was an escape from the frustration and disappointment of the political problems in China.The garden scenes are all constructed to be best viewed from a pavilion or a path.It is the location of the building; however, that determines the circulation of paths. The path itself can become architectonic by the addition of roof and screen walls. These screen walls often have moon-shaped doorways and small windows in the shapes of vases and apples.The sculptural Taihu rock is especially prized because it represents wisdom and immortality, and is only procurable from Tai Lake. Such rocks, combined with streams and pools, form the basis ofa garden's plan.The softness of water offsets the solidity of the rocks, while also acting to reflect the constantly changing sky above.Goldfish, carp(鲤鱼), and mandarin ducks are three of the most commonly raised fauna.The goal of the design is to make the scenery beautiful, the surrounding is quiet and cool, Also, small fountains were a favorite.Bamboo represents a strong but resilient character. Often pine is used to represent longevity, persistence, tenacity and dignity. Flowering peaches are grown for spring color, and sweet olive as well. Peonies symbolize wealth and banana trees are used simply for the sound they make in the breeze.UNESCO World Heritage SiteHumble Administrator‘s Garden拙政园Lingering Garden留园Master of the Nets Garden网师园Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty环秀山庄Great Wave Pavilion沧浪亭Lion Grove Garden狮子林Garden of Cultivation艺圃Couple‘s Retreat Garden偶园Retreat & Reflection Garden退思园Ref ence :中国古典园林分析彭一刚著/1986-12-01/中国建筑工业出版社园庭信步——中国古典园林文化解读曹林娣著/2003-05-01/中国建筑工业出版社《生命列车》The Train Of Life1.不久以前，我读了一本书。
中国园林文化中英文介绍
Ancient Chinese Tradition and Civilization--Take the Chinese Private Garden for Example Carl 140167 China is a large country with a long history of civilization. The Chinese nation is an industrious and ingenious nation. China has always relied on its own efforts to handle its own affairs . Various historical periods have witnessed that great achievements have been contributed to the world ranging from literary and ideological to scientific, technological, political and military aspects. China's history of civilization itself is the history of wonder.中国是有着悠久文明历史的大国，中华民族是勤劳智慧的民族，中国历来依靠自己的力量办自己的事情。
各个历史时期见证了伟大成就对世界的贡献，从文学思想到科学，技术，政治和军事方面。
中国文明的历史本身就是奇迹的历史。
As a part of ancient Chinese traditional culture,Chinese landscape architecture culture has created great influence on the world gardening culture.The garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers,structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings. In comparison to ordinary structures, the spiritual character of gardens is more outstanding, and it requires that artists have greater and higher ingenuity and imagination.作为中国古代传统文化的一部分，中国园林文化对世界园艺文化的影响很大。
中国古典园林全面介绍 中西对比 英文 Chinese Classical Garden
Chinese classical garden
the Elements & Design
■ the flowers and trees They represent nature in its most vivid form, and contrast with the straight lines of the architecture and immobility(静止) of the rocks.
West Lake ; Daming Lake
Chinese classical garden
◆ Temple Gardens
Chinese classical garden
cover large scale “garden of gardens”(园中之园) grand,prominent the strong symbol meaning of imperial power
■ borrowed scenery (借景) This could mean using scenes outside the garden, such as a view of distant mountains or the trees in the neighboring garden, to create the illusion(错觉) that the garden was much bigger than it was. Inside a Chinese garden, one scenic section always partially borrows the scenery of another section, not only to inspire the viewer’s curiosity for further discovery but also to enlarge the confined areas as well.
中西方园林建筑比较英文版
Ancient Europe Ancient China difference
3.The palaces
Palaces are the most important architecture in china.
Ancient Europe Ancient China difference
4.The Garden Architecture
• Chinese gardens the ancient times, is to appreciate an environment that an integral whole such as the natural and artificial landscape , flowers and trees and building.
1. The difference of the architectural material .
2. The architectural layout is different. 3. The different development process.
4. The dissimilarity of the esthetic sense.
Rome. Magnum Opus: Colossum（斗兽场） and Pantheon
（万神庙）
Ancient Europe Ancient China difference
Some photos of Colosseum
Ancient Europe Ancient China difference
The palaces is for emperor meeting in the early morning.
中国古典园林 英文 Classical Chinese Private Gardens
The Spring Rockery (春山) Zhuxi Pavilion (竹西亭) The Hill-Embracing Building (抱山楼) Bamboo in the Geyuan Garden The Scene in the Geyuan Garden
Windows
III. Famous Chinese private gardens
Famous Chinese private gardens
the Humble Administrator’s Garden (拙政园) the Lingering Garden(留园) Geyuan Garden(个园)
叠山理水的艺术
Rockeries
Windows
Corridors are dotted by windows of various shapes——square, round, hexagonal and even octagonal. Many of the windows are decorated with very beautiful patterns and designs. 方形 圆形 六角形 八角形 扇形 “便面”
Bridges
Most of the bridges are of stone, including straight, winding and arched ones:
The straight bridge consists of just one stone slab without any decoration. The winding bridges have low balustrades(栏杆). The arch bridges can be divided into the singlearch and the multi-arch varieties. 直桥 曲桥 拱桥（单拱桥和多拱桥）
中外各式园林中英文对照
中外各式园林中英文对照中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林AngloChinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑ShangLin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫WeiYang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
中国的园林的英语作文高中
中国的园林的英语作文高中Chinese classical gardens, also known as traditional Chinese gardens, are a unique and cherished aspect of Chinese culture. These gardens, characterized by their harmonious blend of nature, architecture, and artistry, have a rich history dating back thousands of years. Exploring the essence of Chinese gardens not only unveils their beauty but also reveals insights into Chinese philosophy, aesthetics, and cultural values.First and foremost, Chinese classical gardens serve as a manifestation of the Taoist and Confucian principles that emphasize harmony between humanity and nature. Unlike Western gardens that often impose strict geometric designs, Chinese gardens aim to mimic natural landscapes, incorporating elements such as rocks, water features, and lush vegetation. Through careful arrangement, these gardens create a tranquil environment where visitors can escape the hustle and bustle of urban life and reconnect with the serenity of nature.Furthermore, Chinese gardens are imbued with profound symbolism and cultural significance. Every element within the garden, from the arrangement of rocks to the selection of plant species, is laden with meaning. For example, rocks are not merely decorative objects but are chosen for their resemblance to mountains, symbolizing strength, longevity, and stability. Similarly, water features such as ponds and streams represent the flow of life and the passage of time, while bridges and pavilions symbolize the journey of self-discovery and enlightenment.Moreover, Chinese gardens serve as a reflection of Chinese aesthetics, particularly the concept of "borrowed scenery" or "shanshui." Rather than existing in isolation, Chinese gardens are designed to harmonize with the surrounding landscape, seamlessly integrating with the natural environment to create a sense of continuity and expansiveness. This artistic principle not only enhances the beauty of the garden but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of all things.In addition to their aesthetic and philosophical significance, Chinese gardens also play a practical role in Chinese society. Historically, these gardens served as retreats for scholars, poets, and artists seeking inspiration and solitude. They provided a space for contemplation, artistic expression, and intellectual discourse, making them important centers of cultural exchange and innovation.Furthermore, Chinese gardens are an embodiment of the Confucian virtue of filial piety and respect for ancestors. Many Chinese gardens feature ancestral halls or pavilions dedicated to the memory of past generations, where families gather to pay their respects and honor their heritage. These spaces serve as a reminder of the importance of family, tradition, and continuity in Chinese society.In conclusion, Chinese classical gardens are not merely works of art but living embodiments of Chinese culture, philosophy, and values. Through their harmoniousintegration of nature and architecture, profound symbolism, and cultural significance, these gardens offer a glimpseinto the rich tapestry of Chinese civilization. As treasures of the past and inspirations for the future, Chinese gardens continue to enchant and captivate visitors from around the world, serving as timeless symbols of beauty, harmony, and wisdom.。
文化素材中国园林 Chinese Classical Garden
文化素材中国园林Chinese Classical GardenChinese Classical Garden The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.”When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术For the past 3,000 years, everyone in China, from emperors and government officials to scholars and poets, have built their own Chinese garden. The first Chinese gardens were built in the Yellow River valley. Kings and members of the nobility during the Shang Dynasty (1600–1046 BC) hunted and planted fruits and vegetables in their gardens. There were two types of gardens: one where animals were kept and one for plants and gardening.Layout and Design of Classic Chinese Gardens Every scene in Chinese garden is well-planned.Chinese gardens aren’t laid out in a way that you can see the entire garden all at once. Instead, small scenes are set up so that as you wander through the garden, you come upon several intimate settings to view. Every scene is well-planned and framed.Some elements that aren’t actually in the garden are part of the design as well. For example, some gardens purposely have a view of a mountain from one of its many scenes. Chinese Garden Walls and Enclosures Classical Chinese gardens were surrounded by a white wall. The stark color contrast sets a nice backdrop for the trees and flowers. Green leaves and colorful blooms really stand out against a white setting. Having a wall surrounding a garden makes the area seem secluded, even if it’s not. Sectioning off the garden makes the elements of the area stick out and appear even more vibrant. Walls will also block out surrounding buildings that would otherwise interfere with the serenity of the garden. Architecture in a Chinese GardenUnique architecture in a Chinese Garden The types of buildings that are included ina Chinese garden have to do with whose garden it is. For example, a scholar may have a library in their garden. Some buildings have connected hallways and pavilions, each of which will have a view of a different area of the garden. Other Chinese gardens have temples, bridges, galleries and towers. Ideally, the buildings and structures in a Chinese garden will complement the setting instead of dominating it. The larger the garden, the more buildings it will contain. Types of StructuresCeremony halls, located near the entrance of the garden, have their own courtyard and are used for family celebrations. Principal Pavilions are for receiving guests and celebrating big holidays with a large crowd. The Pavilion of Flowers is traditionally close to the residential home and is filled with flowers and plants. Some flower pavilions will have a small rock garden aswell.Pavilions with movable walls offer a panoramic view of the entire garden. Large gardens will have guest rooms and housing. Seasonal PavilionsSome gardens contain a Pavilion of Mandarin Ducks, which is divided into two seasonal sections. One section will face north, toward a lotus pond. Cool air will blow into this part of the pavilion during the summertime. The other section will face south, toward a pine tree-filled courtyard and plum trees. When the plum trees blossom, it means that spring is on the way.There will also be a pavilion set up for viewing autumn foliage and small pavilions to escape to when it rains.Rock Gardens and Rock DecorEvery Chinese garden has some type of rock element. Some designers opt for a simplerock garden, while others construct miniature mountains from a collection of rocks. Sometimes gardeners make mountains from both rocks and dirt. Large, classic Chinese gardens will have a huge faux mountain with a pavilion located at the summit.Rocks are chosen based on their shape, texture, substance, color and softness. Limestone rocks that have taken strange shapes due to erosion are among the most valued rocks for Chinese gardeners. Meaning of Rock MountainsIncluding a miniature mountain in the Chinese garden isn’t just for esthetic appeal. Mountains have symbolic meaning in Chinese culture, too. Mountain peaks symbolize virtue and stability. They also symbolize belief in the philosophy laid out by Confucius. Also, the legend of the Isles of the Immortals had a mountain peak as itsmain focus point, which is why the mountain is a central unit in several Chinese gardens.Plants, Flowers and TreesGreen trees in Yu Garden, a famous garden in ShanghaiPlants are chosen carefully, dependent on their texture, shape, color and fragrance. Some Chinese gardens have a lotus pond with a nearby lotus pavilion. Chinese gardeners choose the different plant elements for their garden largely due to fragrance. Chinese gardens typically always have fragrant flowers to set the atmosphere. Flowers and trees also contrast with sharp, harsh architectural lines. Sound is another element of Chinese gardens, and when rain falls on the leaves of trees and bushes, it creates a soothing sound.Water ElementsThe most common water element of a Chinese garden is a pond. The pond is usually situated in the center of the garden. Larger gardens will have a lake instead of a pond. The other elements of the garden will be arranged around the pond. Some ponds have fish in them, like goldfish.In China, water symbolizes communication and dreams. A water element is also a welcome complement to the rock garden and mountains. Borrowed SceneryThe term “borrowed scenery” refers to the elements of a Chinese garden that actually lay outside the garden walls. For example, if a pavilion looks directly out to a faraway mountain top, this would be considered borrowed scenery. These views are often unexpected, because most people don’t think to look outside the garden walls when in a Chinese garden. The views are deliberate, however, and the garden is usually arrangedpurposefully.第 11 页。
The Beauty of Chinese Classical Gardens
以下为您推荐5篇关于中国古典园林的英语作文：作文一The Beauty of Chinese Classical GardensChinese classical gardens are a masterpiece of art and nature. They combine exquisite architecture, elegant landscaping, and profound cultural meanings.The gardens feature ponds, rockeries, pavilions, and winding paths that create a sense of tranquility and harmony.The careful arrangement of plants and water elements adds to the charm and serenity of these spaces.作文二The Artistic Elements of Chinese Classical GardensThe artistic elements in Chinese classical gardens are diverse and sophisticated. The use of symmetry and asymmetry creates a balanced yet dynamic composition.Intricate carvings and decorations on buildings showcase the craftsmanship. The interplay of light and shadow adds depth and mystery to the garden.Each element is carefully selected and placed to evoke a specific mood and atmosphere.作文三The Cultural Significance of Chinese Classical GardensChinese classical gardens reflect the cultural values and philosophies of ancient China. They embody the concepts of harmony between humans and nature, and the pursuit of inner peace.The gardens often incorporate poetry, calligraphy, and paintings, integrating various art forms.They serve as a retreat for reflection and appreciation of beauty, passing down cultural traditions through generations.作文四The Architectural Wonders of Chinese Classical GardensThe architecture within Chinese classical gardens is a marvel. Pavilions, bridges, and corridors aredesigned with elegance and precision.The use of materials such as wood and stone adds a natural touch. The unique roof designs and ornamental details make the buildings stand out.These architectural elements not only provide functional spaces but also enhance the aesthetic appeal of the gardens.作文五The Influence of Chinese Classical Gardens on Modern DesignChinese classical gardens have had a significant influence on modern design. Their principles of balance, harmony, and natural integration are applied in contemporary landscape architecture.The idea of creating spaces that connect people with nature is still relevant today.Elements such as water features and rock arrangements inspire modern designers to create peaceful and inviting environments.。
文化素材中国园林 Chinese Classical Garden-文档资料
Chinese Classical Garden The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.”When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.”Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。
中国古典园林概述全面精炼,英文,英语园林景观
1 the History of Classical Chinese Gardens
Dynasties
Shang Zhou Qin Han Wei Jin Sui Tang Song Yuan Ming Qing
Stages of Development
Rising Period
生成期
Transferring period
Landscape Garden <风景名胜园林> Places for public recreation.
E.g. West Lake; Daming Lake
Temple Garden<寺庙园林>
• Imperial Gardens
• Private Gardens
• Landscape Gardens
④ "downward borrowing"<俯借> e.g. The picturesque scene of the pagoda mirrored in water.
⑤"seasonal borrowing"<应时借> e.g. flowers, rain, snow, sunrise and sunset
教学ppபைடு நூலகம்12大明宫教学ppt13自居易的履道里宅园教学ppt14yuandynastiesmaturity皆台榭亭阁花木奇石影映湖山周围胜景言之难尽
Classical Chinese Gardens
中国古典园林
No. Name
Contents
1 the History of Classical Chinese Gardens 2 the Classification of Classical Chinese Gardens 3 Chinese Garden Design
中英园林对比英语作文
中英园林对比英语作文Chinese and English Gardens: A Comparison。
Introduction:Gardens have always been an integral part of human civilization, providing solace, beauty, and a connection to nature. Chinese and English gardens, in particular, have gained worldwide recognition for their unique styles and design principles. In this essay, we will explore the characteristics and differences between Chinese and English gardens, highlighting their historical backgrounds, design elements, and cultural significance.Historical Background:Chinese Gardens:Chinese gardens have a history dating back over 3,000 years. They were initially created as private retreats foremperors and nobles, reflecting their power and wealth. Chinese gardens were influenced by Taoist and Buddhist philosophies, aiming to create a harmonious balance between humans and nature. The most famous Chinese garden is the Garden of the Master of the Nets in Suzhou, which was built during the Song Dynasty.English Gardens:English gardens, on the other hand, emerged during the 18th century and were heavily influenced by the Renaissance and Romanticism. They were initially designed for the wealthy landowners and aristocrats, serving as symbols of their status and wealth. English gardens aimed to create a picturesque landscape, inspired by the natural beauty of the English countryside. The most renowned English gardenis the Stourhead Garden in Wiltshire, which was designed in the 18th century.Design Elements:Chinese Gardens:Chinese gardens are characterized by their intricate design elements and symbolism. They often feature pavilions, bridges, and water bodies such as ponds or lakes. The useof rocks and stones is also prominent, symbolizing mountains and creating a sense of tranquility. Chinese gardens also incorporate various plants and flowers, carefully selected to represent different seasons and evoke specific emotions.English Gardens:English gardens, in contrast, focus on creating anatural and informal landscape. They often include rolling lawns, meandering paths, and a variety of plant species. English gardens also feature architectural structures such as gazebos, follies, and ornate gates. They are known for their colorful flower beds, meticulously arranged to create a vibrant and picturesque scene.Cultural Significance:Chinese Gardens:Chinese gardens hold deep cultural significance and are considered an art form. They reflect the Chinese philosophy of harmony between humans and nature, emphasizing the importance of balance and tranquility. Chinese gardens are also associated with poetry, calligraphy, and painting, as they often serve as inspiration for artists. Additionally, they are considered a place for meditation and spiritual contemplation.English Gardens:English gardens, on the other hand, are closely tied to the English cultural identity. They represent the love for nature and the countryside, as well as the romantic ideals of the Romanticism movement. English gardens have also influenced literature and art, with many famous writers and painters drawing inspiration from their beauty. They are often seen as a place for leisurely walks, picnics, and social gatherings.Conclusion:In conclusion, Chinese and English gardens showcase distinct design elements and cultural significance. While Chinese gardens emphasize symbolism, harmony, and tranquility, English gardens focus on natural beauty, informality, and the romantic ideals of the English countryside. Both types of gardens have left a lasting impact on the world, serving as sources of inspiration and admiration for people from all walks of life.。
Chinese Classical Garden中国园林
• 中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建 筑等与自 然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑 艺术的珍宝 • 主干成分 The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.
• precious 宝贵的，珍贵的 矫揉造作的：极其 地 • architecture 建筑 •
• 在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内 涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一 • 在世界三大园林体系中 • of the world’s three major garden systems, • 中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园 史上的渊源之一 • the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins（起源） of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations. • hail as 称赞…为
Chinese Classical Garden
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建 筑等与 自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代 建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然， 宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领 略“假自然之景，创山水 真趣”的园林意境。 在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、 内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
• • • • • • •
其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开” …的原则 principle of 其建造原则 the construction principle of the construction standard of standard 标准的，普通的，n 旗子，标准 妙极自然，宛若天开 artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural. • ingenious 机灵的，精致的，有独创性的
中英园林对比英语作文高中
中英园林对比英语作文高中以下是一篇关于中英园林对比的英语作文，重点介绍了两种园林风格的特点和文化内涵。
A Contrasting Comparison between Chinese and English Gardens。
Gardens, as reflections of cultural identity, exhibit distinctive characteristics across different regions. Among the diverse array of garden styles, Chinese and English gardens stand out as two prominent representatives, each encapsulating unique aesthetics, philosophies, andhistorical contexts. In this essay, we will delve into a comparative analysis of Chinese and English gardens, exploring their contrasting features and cultural significances.Chinese Gardens: Harmonious Integration of Nature and Philosophy。
Chinese gardens, renowned for their profound philosophical underpinnings and poetic beauty, have a history spanning thousands of years. Rooted in Daoist and Confucian ideologies, Chinese gardens emphasize the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. They are meticulously designed to reflect the natural landscape, embodying the principle of "man-made landscapes" (ren yuan shi jing). In Chinese gardens, every element, from rocks and water features to pavilions and bridges, is thoughtfully arranged to create a serene and contemplative atmosphere.One of the most iconic features of Chinese gardens is the use of symbolism. Every plant, rock, and architectural structure carries symbolic meanings, often drawn from Chinese literature, mythology, and cosmology. For example, the juxtaposition of jagged rocks and meandering pathways symbolizes the journey of life with its challenges and serenity. Similarly, the placement of bamboo represents resilience and flexibility in the face of adversity.Moreover, Chinese gardens serve as microcosms of thenatural world, embodying the Daoist principle of yin and yang. The balance between opposing elements such as light and shadow, stillness and movement, creates a dynamic equilibrium that evokes a sense of tranquility andspiritual transcendence. Additionally, the integration of water features, such as ponds and streams, symbolizes the flow of qi (life force) and fosters a sense of vitality and renewal.English Gardens: Symmetry, Order, and Romanticism。
中西方园林文化 差异
Classic Garden and Culture刘如通1062310122As we all know that Chinese classical garden are very different from modern Western garden. Chinese classic garden are concerned on natural landscape. So when you in Chinese classic garden you always see strange rocks, different plants, buildings and water.However, modern West garden are concerned on manual landscape and orderly landscape. In West garden we will look many massive construct by people. This is very normal because we lived in different environment for the growth and we have different ideas of garden. Besides, the way that Chinese and foreigner appreciate the scenery of garden is different.It is known to us that china has a very long history. Chinese classical garden also has a long history than Western garden. Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2000 years ago. Over this long period of time, three styles of gardens came into being: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden. Among them, the most famous imperial garden extant today is the Summer Palace in Beijing, while the private gardens south of the lower reaches of the Y angtze River boast a unique ambience of their own. Scattered through Suzhou, Y angzhou and other places, the private gardens are mostly legacies from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Each resembling a landscape painting, they are of unmatched charm. ——摘自《中国文化读本》，叶朗朱良志著外语教学与研究出版社2010Nowadays when we talk about Chinese gardens, we will first think Suzhou gardens. But in Suzhou gardens the most famous garden is Zhuozheng Garden, and it designed by the painter-poet Wen Zhengming, after full 16 years it is completed. Zhuozheng garden is divided into three parts, and later attributed to different owners. Almost all the garden’s walls are white or black, gardens are often divided into many parts. When you ingardens you will see many scenes and many plants as if you go into natural gardens. And we will feel of a large space in the garden.If you have been ever go to classical garden or Suzhou Gardens. Y ou can find over one hundreds private gardens from the old times in this city. Gardens in that area are known for their skillful combination of landscapes. These gardens use manmade structures such as creeks, rocks, trees, plants, civilians, platforms, terraces and bridges. Together, they created a poetic atmosphere, just like painting that combines poems, calligraphy, and scenery all in well. Maybe these things are very important part of Chinese classic garden. In Chinese classical garden we will fell a lot of harmony between man and nature.Chinese people are concerned on harmony between man and nature all the time.However, Western gardens always show the authority of people and take control of natural. It is a fact that West garden are all designed by people and all the landscape are manual and orderly landscape. They always building gardens have three main goals. The first goal is for the public events visit the garden. The second goal is for urban residential and local people to relax themselves in their free time.The third goal which shows people’s authority in the natural. Therefore, we will see a variety of pruning landscape architecture and more orderly landscape in western gardens. Western gardens always have a variety of exquisite fountain and veranda. They mainly focused on many authorities on the way, and more manual processing technology to create stress.Meanwhile, the western garden can be divided into two categories, a palace and gardens of the ingenious harmony, such as France, Russia and other countries of the royal gardens, architecture and royal villas in the vicinity of the palace, a huge garden and water decoration, show the royal authorityand wealth. Second, natural garden, and more generally not to modify, re-natural state, and then build some castles in which the villas. Is also in the expression of people's authority and take control of nature. The two sides of gardens are both in expression of p eople’s authority in the natural.Chinese classical garden cultural are very different from modern Western garden cultural. Chinese classical garden cultural is based on masses. Chinese people are concerned on humanism and people. Chinese people attempts to fuse the human and ’heaven’ as one. But Western garden cultural is based on individualism. Westerners like to discover new things, invention and expand outwards. So we always see westerners like taking control of nature.It is known to us that communicate does not separable from cultural. If you don’t understand Chinese and western cultures, is bound to result in learning English as well as communication errors. So we must understand Chinese and western cultures in classical garden in order to achieve cross-cultural communication. Chinese people and westerners lived in different environment for the growth and we have different ideas of culture. In order to communicate with different people all over the world, we should learn more of their cultural. ----郑亿兰《中西方文化差异与英语教学》叶朗朱良志2010 《中国文化读本》北京外语教学与研究出版社郑亿兰2002 《中西方文化差异与英语教学》江西江西师范大学学报。
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“Shanglin Garden“(上林苑) —— Emperor Wu of Han(汉武帝)
the Lake of the Supreme Essence（太液池） with three artificial mountains in the center. (蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲)
Chinese classical garden
the Elements & Design
■ enframed scenery (框景) The doors, the windows, the holes will often enframe the views afar into a very beautiful picture.
Chinese classical garden
Chinese classical garden
"Three Friends of Winter" (歲寒三友).
Pine bamboo Chinese plum (梅)
the Elements & Design
Chinese classical garden
lotus (莲花)
purity
peony(牡丹)
■ borrowed scenery (借景) This could mean using scenes outside the garden, such as a view of distant mountains or the trees in the neighboring garden, to create the illusion(错觉) that the garden was much bigger than it was. Inside a Chinese garden, one scenic section always partially borrows the scenery of another section, not only to inspire the viewer’s curiosity for further discovery but also to enlarge the confined areas as well.
●
Chinese classical garden
■ Rising period
(生成期)
Qin and Han Dynasties ———— "Yuan" (苑)
villas(别所) where the emperors can have a rest and deal with the affairs of the state. ● imperial park
the layout of “one pond and three mountains”
Chinese classical garden
■ Transferring period
(转折期)
Wei and Jin Dynasties Because of the wars and conflicts, many of the scholar-officials(士大夫) tried to evade(逃避) the society by finding a spiritual space in the natural world. the garden with natural mountains and rivers
■ obstructive scenery (抑景或障景)
Chinese classical garden
It uses some artistic methods to block the scene at the entrance of a garden
the Elements & Design
Window
Chinese classical garden
Door
Chinese classical garden
Gallery(廊)
Chinese classical garden
Hall(厅) Pavilion(亭)
Floor(楼) Bridge
the Elements & Design
Imperial Gardens(皇家园林） Private Gardens (私家园林)
Landscape Gardens (风景名胜园林) Temple Gardens(寺庙园林)
Chinese classical garden
◆ Imperial Gardens
Owned by ancient Chinese emperors .
Chinese classical garden
the Elements & Design
■ vista line(夹景) It’s a distant view between rows of trees or buildings which is seen through a line.
Chinese classical garden
Chinese classical gardsification the Elements & Design the Comparison
Chinese classical garden
■ Beginning
———— "You" (囿)
The earliest recorded Chinese gardens were created in the valley of the Yellow River, during the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 B.C). These gardens were large enclosed parks where the kings and nobles(贵族) hunted, or where fruit and vegetables were grown. the hunting ground without any artificial cultivation. ● coarse, primitive, big and natural.
●
Chinese classical garden
■ Heyday period
(全盛期)
Sui and Tang Dynasties
The economy was flourishing and the civilization was prosperous. Many people had a great interest in building gardens.
Chinese classical garden
Chinese classical garden
Chinese classical garden
the Elements & Design
■ the rock The artificial mountain (假山) or rock garden is an integral(必需的) element of Chinese classical gardens. pile up the rock hills single standing rocks make the bonsai(盆景)
Chinese classical garden
◆ Private Gardens
Famous Private Gardens in Suzhou:
Humble Administrator‘s Garden Lingering Garden Master of the Nets Garden (网师园)
■ adding view (添景) When a scenic spot is a little bit far from the viewer, kinds of flowers,trees,or other plants will be planted in the middle or near to the observers as a kind of transition.
the Elements & Design
■ leaking through scenery(漏景) People will have a view from the hollow(镂空的) windows
Chinese classical garden
the Elements & Design
the garden with imitating mountains and rivers
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■ Mature Period
(成熟期)
Song and Yuan Dynasties
The stage of maturity
Chinese classical garden
Chinese classical garden
Beihai Park ; the Summer Palace ; the Mountain Resort in Chengde
Chinese classical garden
◆ Private Gardens
Owned mainly by the painters, the poets, and other scholars.
Chinese classical garden
the Elements & Design
■ the flowers and trees They represent nature in its most vivid form, and contrast with the straight lines of the architecture and immobility(静止) of the rocks.