2017年上海一模卷各区首字母填空汇编 - 学生版
2017年上海金山区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2017年上海金山区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（每空1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第21~30题Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Both of us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way1（practice） the language.2I told my mum, she began to give metips3（base） on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need4extra-thick sleeping bag "for when you sleep outside" .I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove.As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried.5had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once. InterRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother's. Myticket6（cost）£187（1,954 yuan）, and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some7（amaze） people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone8businessmen to artists.In my mother's eyes I9not have had a "real" InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended upeven10（good） friends than we had before.二、选词填空（每空1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第31~40题Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai's S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were1dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5：54 am that2vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province's Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very3- and braking had led to vehicles losing control."The fog was very heavy," an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. "When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and4. But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control."Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. "One of the5died on the road to the hospital," Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. "Threewere6injured."The city's meteorological authority7an orange alert on heavy fog at 6：06 am, meaning8would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was9at 9：44am. This was Shanghai's first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport's traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the10after the orange alert was canceled, the city's television station said.三、完形填空（每空1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第41~55题Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new idea called 'business at the speed of thought' is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a1way to run a company. Here're the main2: The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected3to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expenseof4understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really5up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the6for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That's the7on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It's alsoa8of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions haseither9or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are10too easily. Aims never seem to beclear.11, good records aren't kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests12the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the13go into them. By that measure, many of today's decisions are weak and could14some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of15,but it's going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.A. numerousB. clearC. dangerousD. brightA. pointsB. mattersC. solutionD. barriersA. responseB. rejectionC. acceptanceD. methodsA. rapidlyB. properlyC. timelyD. widelyA. arouseB. cultivateC. declineD. speedA. techniqueB. thirstC. passionD. needA. ideaB. thoughtC. doubtD. puzzleA. subjectB. aimC. projectD. discoveryA. decreasedB. changedC. increasedD. lengthenedA. madeB. acceptedC. dismissedD. discussedA. OtherwiseB. On the contraryC. For exampleD. ThereforeA. setting asideB. breaking outC. turning outD. taking apartA. questionsB. thoughtsC. eyesD. brainsA. cut upB. cut offC. turn downD. turn offA. expandingB. runningC. thoughtD. exploration四、阅读理解（每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第56~58题Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. That's what I learnt from my new and special friend. On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't know.I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, "Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I'm eighty- seven years old. Can I give you a hug?" I laughed and enthusiastically responded, "Of course you may!" She gave me a giant squeeze. "Why are you in college at such a young innocent age?" I asked jokingly. "I always dreamed of having acollege education and now I'm getting one!" she replied. After class we walked to the Students Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake there. We became instant friends.Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always listening to this "time machine" as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends whenever she went. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner. I'll never forget what she taught us."There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow old. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets. "She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics （歌词）and live them out in our daily life. At the year's end, Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.(1) What happened to the author on the first day of school?A. He joined the Student Union.B. He got to know an old professor.C. He made the acquaintance of an old lady.D. He had to share a milkshake with others.(2) In the author's eyes,.A. Rose was silent and skilled.B. Rose was talented and hardworking.C. Rose was innocent and generous.D. Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring.(3) Which saying might Rose possibly support?A. Rome was not built in a day.B. One is never too old to learn.C. It is no use crying over spilt milk.D. Great minds think alike.5、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第59~62题（B）Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3days working with marine life! Food prepping to feeding the animals to snorkeling and learning about coral reefs, it's a week of marine adventure!(1) All the information is included in the advertisement EXCEPT.A. camp hoursB. camp priceC. things to bringD. daily schedules(2) The underlined phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to.A. related toB. due toC. likely toD. depending on(3) All the activities are included in the camp schedule EXCEPT.A. feeding marine lifeB. preparing food for animalsC. playing with sharksD. learning about coral reefs(4) Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All attendees will check in and have a welcome dinner on the first day.B. All attendees must check out on the last day.C. The price covers all the expenses including accommodation.D. You can have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.6、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第63~66题（C）Scientists have invented a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people's hair."You're what you eat and drink, and that's recorded in your hair," said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While the U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, out traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes（同位素）. The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair is equivalent to about two months.Cerling's team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly equivalent to the movement of rain systems."It's not good for pinpointing（精确定位）," Cerling said. "It's good for eliminating many possibilities."Told Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming."It's still a substantial area," Park said, "But it narrows its way down for me."(1) What is the scientists' new discovery?A. One's hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.C. A person s hair may reveal where they have lived.D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.(2) What does the author mean by "You're what you eat and drink." in Para.3?A. Food and drink leave traces in one's body tissues.B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C. Food and drink affect one's personality development.D. Food and drink are similar to one's existence.(3) What is said about the rainfall in American's West?A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.(4) What is the practical value of Cerling's research?A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.D. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.五、信息匹配（每题2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第67~70题Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams （1900）, Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that1.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.2For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior.3Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways.4The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.A. Men and women dream about different things.B. A person's dreams and the meaning of those dreams are between the person and God alone.C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E. Dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.F. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.六、任务型阅读（满分10分）8、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第71题Summary Writing.Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're "hot" . That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues （自言自语）as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract （对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam （鼓起干劲）and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.七、翻译句子（满分15分）9、【来源】 2017年上海金山区高三一模第72~75题Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术的熏陶。
2017年上海一模卷各区首字母填空汇编---学生版
长宁区B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.(选择最恰当的单词或短语, 完成短文。
)（12分）Alex Winter is a rock climber.He spoke to Craig Jackson from Out and About magazine.Imagine hanging on a rock face, with nothing between you and the ground hundreds of meters____75____.For Alex Winter this is just another normal day.I called him at his home in Fresno, California.Craig: When did you first become____76____rock climbing?Alex: Well, Fresno’s not far from Yosemite National Park in California.That’s one of the best places for climbing in the world.Both my parents love rock climbing, and I started learning the basics at a very early age.Craig: What____77____would you give people who want to start rock climbing?Alex: The best way to learn how to climb is to do it.You can’t learn climbing just from books.Practice on easy low climbs first, until you know the right moves.You need a good teacher.For me, that was my parents.And always use good quality equipment.Your life____78____it. Probably the most important piece of equipment is the ropes.You really don’t want them to break!Craig: Have you ever had any____79____?Alex: I’ve had a few falls, but the ropes have saved my life every time.If you lose your hold, the ropes are attached to the rock and they take your weight.Craig: For you, what’s the best thing about rock climbing?69.Alex: When I’m climbing, I____80____everything else in the world.The only thing that matters is my next move up the rock face.70.A.below B.behind C.beside D.above71.A.angry with B.surprised at C.thankful to D.interested in72.A.gift B.order C.advice D.programme73.A.points out B.deals with C.depends on D.takes away74.A.robberies B.accidents C.illnesses D.headache75.A.memorize B.protect C.recognize D.forgetC.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使其内容通顺。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编----选词填空-学生版(已经校对)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has beencut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t makeresponsible choices. To 34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. Forexample, one who does n’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words orideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes mayunintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is“unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselvesabout the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,”or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’sexam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not37because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t seethe real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel ifyour actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feelproud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication thatyou’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yours elf.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ____39____expressions facial. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’expressions have evolved as they were ____40____. “Domestic dogs have a unique history-they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us,” she said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is leadership？Its qualities are difficult to define，but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that __31___ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the __32___ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst(催化剂) for transforming those talents into __33___.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an)__34___to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not __35___with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as __36___ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are __37___ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people __38___ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re __39___ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is ___40___. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would comple tely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How many times have parents had to ague with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safely, but is their 31 to social media really harming them.Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it fat more accessible than it 32 was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to33 with their families, which they sometimes view as "annoying”. So, what do these kids use asa solution or a(n)“ 34 " The answer is simple social media.However, when they use social media for a large amount of time, parents lend to show concern for their child and blame social media for 35 their attention.The word, "social", was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they using it to get away from real world 36 . The truth, however, is that they are using it to conned with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modem worldChildren and teens are 37 accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure, everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the 38 for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another 39 .Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the 40 from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) 31 creature.A tern of scientists from Oxford University in he UK, in 32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most 33 insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’34 in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, 35 wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can 36 the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings 38 their direction at the end of each half-stroke.” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in morehuman-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and 40 how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.William Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n) ___31___ house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and a series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused ___32___in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare’s doubtful business dealings have been ___33___ by people’s romantic view of him as a creative genius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortable to even ___34___ that he was simply motivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and ___35___ severe lack of food. Referred to a s the ‘Little Ice Age’, the period was the time when thousands of people ___36___ for survival. At that time, Shakespearewas under investigation for tax evasion(逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was ___37___.One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Merchant of Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare’s own self -hatred, who is eventually ___38___ for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the ___39___ pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock ’s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare’s ___40___ funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of grain which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing. It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin -operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level . “Our new Vending Machine is a state -of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars b y merely32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din（喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone －but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem－the slower 32speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was 39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situat ions, but also sped up the brain’s ability to40 to the sound —bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels．Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure 《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night . In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a ___31___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___32___ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers" acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___33___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive".This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___34___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum ___35___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___36___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___37___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___38___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___39___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular ___40___ among foreign leaders. For example, US PresidentDonald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial 31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional 32 , whether through a(n) 33 blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to 34 worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) 35 outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, 36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to 37 the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are 38 to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, 39 and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast 40 promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __ 31 __. The glue is made from a modified（改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product,it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the “2-Minute Rule”Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing,) aren’t actually difficult to do — you have the talent and skills to _____31____ them- you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule ____32_____ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can’t say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your ____33_____ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the_____34____of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it，s easier to ___35______ doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started — not just the first time, but each time. It’s not about performance, it’s about ____36_____ taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is ____37_____ true in- the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn’t about the results you achieve, but rather about the _____38____ of actually doing the work. I can，t guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is thatyou ____39_____ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different.I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can ____40_____ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done.Go.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate, behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people l ive___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.。
上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----语法填空-学生版(已经校对)
Wedding in the United StatesWeddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests (21) _____ (seat) on the rocks and even barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, (22) _____ _____ _____ or how they are performed，include certain traditional customs.Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes (23) _____ (exciting) moment of all.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March (24) _____ (play). The bride carrying a bouquet (花束) enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. (25) _____ is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold fro m this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. (26) _____ (follow) the vow s, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(27) _____ the ceremony there is often a party called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.The car in (28) _____ the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people (29) _____ they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom (30) _____ run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.Infant Day Care, Good or Bad?The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may influence a child’s personality an d lead to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work (21) _________ children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation (22) _________ involves, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments (23) _________ such a strong conclusion.Firstly, experts point out that the isolated love affair between children and parents (24) _________ (find) in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone –far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today (25) _________ parents and care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have regularly reported that day care had a slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests (26) ________ have been used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult (27) _________ (deal) with. Children under three are likely to protest at (28) _________ (leave) their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly (29) _________ more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence (30) _________ (indicate) early care is reasonable for infants.I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle.The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end, (22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So we went back down the mountain in the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream,young lady?”“I have no idea,” I answered (24) _____thinking it for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his story. He didn’t perform well at school when he was a student. Although nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. “I knew I wasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______ tough life was, he never gave up.“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,” he said gently.That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself, “What’s my motivation?”I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put) everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made me think: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.Is sport always fun ?One afternoon in the last week of term, I saw three children form my son’s school in tears being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year -old had stomach pains and (21) ______(throw ) up several times when I noticed his sickness. Talking to other mothers, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much suffering ? Sports day ---- not sports day at a highly competitiveindependent school, but at a large village primary. (22) ______ it causes no problem to the children who can fly (23) _____ the wind, for those who are poorly coordinated (动作协调), overweight or just not good at sport, it is terrible. Even for those who enjoy (24) ______(run ) but who fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.As for the reason (25) ______ we put our children through this annual suffering, some May say that competition is character-buliding or it is a tradition of school life; some may assume (26) ______ really matters is taking part not winning. I just felt pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of the “sport” were fun (27) ______ (watch) because they produced some close races, enormous enthusiasm and lots of shouting. More importantly , (28) ______(hide ) a little form everyone’s gaze, the children who were not so fast or so quick at passing the ball had the excitement of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could (29)________(abandon) and replaced with some other summer event. perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be (30) ________(stressful )for the children and a lot more fun for the spectators.Please mind the silenceDespite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that (21) you’re packed into an enclosed space with h undreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated.One London resident, however, is trying to change this.“You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird," says Jonathan Dunne, 42, an American living in London, who has, ironically, started (22) ______ worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章）with the slogan “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city o f 8 million, expecting many refusals and most of them (23) (throw) away, but after about 24hours it completely snowballed,” he says.Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign (24)_______ (feature) in media across the world ever since, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his sentiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of (25) _______ own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them.“I (26)hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and (27) work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says. While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit (28) (mirror) in the UK following his campaign? “People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, (29)I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长）of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.”So if you ever end up (30) (use) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus (24)__________(gain) more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging(25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learn ed to associate packaging with quality. We have lea r ned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.Prepare to SucceedPeople are always thinking about success. It is usually in their brains as they go about their daily routines (21)_______(look) for something better. This thought isn't one (22) brings you closer, however, because thinking, dreaming or wishing just doesn't get it done.One of the most important parts of personal or professional success is preparation. You may ask, “Why is preparation necessary?"The easiest answer to this question is to say that (23) you are not ready to move forward, then you may just as well keep doing what you have always done.Success doesn’t come easy. There are no shortcuts. Success requires you to be prepared to sacrifice leisure time, or time spent watching television or going out with your friends, at every opportunity. Success means you are prepared to do (24) it takes to constantly move the yardsticks forward clay after day.Here is just one quote, from Calvin Coolidge, the 30th president of the United States, that expresses what preparation is (25) : "Our real problem is not our strength today. It israther the vital necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow.”This quote can (26) . (interpret) lo mean that you may have strength or confidence to start on your way right now to move toward your final goal. However, it is also critical that committed action each day (27) (build) to help you keep going when obstacles arise or when you just don't feel like you have the interest or energy to stay (28) (locus).Preparation also means that you have u plan or a goal it shows you what steps or actions to take, when to lake them and what to do if issues, obstacles or (29)________life issues gel in the way.(30) bottom line is actually quite clear: You arc either willing, able and committed to achieve what you want, or you arc simply dreaming or wishing that success find you.iPhone 7 being investigated after surfer claims it set his car on fire Apple is investigating a report from an Australian man who claimed his iPhone 7 caught fire and destroyed his car, the company said on Friday.Surfer Mat Jones told Channel 7 News that he (21)______ ( go ) into water off a New South Wales beach and left his new iPhone 7, bought last week, (22) ______ ( wrap) in a pair of trousers in his car on the beach.He said that (23)______ he returned from the water he saw smoke rising from the car. “As I looked into my car，I could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black.”A video footage(影像) taken from another phone showed the front seats, dash board and stick melted and charred, and Jones said that he felt “pretty much like a big heat wave just came out of the car”.Eventually the surfer was able to remove (24)______ was left of his clothes. “Ash was just coming from inside the pants. Once the pants were unwrapped,the phone was just melting inside.”Jones said that he had not dropped the phone or physically damaged it, (25)______ happened to a Sydney man who fell off his bike and suffered burns from an iPhone. He also said that he had not used (26)______ non-Apple charging device.A spokeswoman for Apple said the company was investigating the complaint. “We’re in touch with the customer and we’re looking into it,” she said.Lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries (27)______ burst into flames because of physical damage or overheating. Apple’s(28) ______( big )smart phone competitor, Samsung, has begun an international recall of 2.5m Galaxy Note 7 devices after more than 100 devices started smoking, sparking or caught fire—in some cases (29)______ ( cause ) fire damage and injury.Several other companies, including Hewlett Packard, Tesla and the makers of so-called “hoverboards”, have also experienced problems (30)______ their lithium-ion batteries, though the vast majority work without problems.Suspended CoffeeHow about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet?The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee” — i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks” it for someone (21)_____ (fortunate) — has become an international internet sensation (轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America (22)_____ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes.”The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy (23)_____increased in popularity after the Second World War. Recently the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries (24)_____ (hit) hard economically.Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25)_____ we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said manager Mike Pattison, “S taff members are always close to the coffeehouse’s front door, and (26)_____ they see someone walking by who looks like they want a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer (27)_____ (accept), they provide the coffee.”However, not everyone supports the idea.In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises (28)_____ number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and (29)_____ the action could result in “greedy people” taking advantage of others’ kindness. He says people (30)_____ consider other ways to help.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Bothof us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) ______ (practice) the language.(22) ______ ______ ______ I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23) ______ (base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24) ______ extra-thick sleeping bag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove. As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25) _______ had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once.My InterRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother’s. My ticket (26) ______ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27) ______ (amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28) ______ businessmen to artists.In my mother’s eyes I (29) ______ not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) ______ (good) friends than we had before.Maddie and her mother, Stephanie, thought the screams for help were just Boy Scouts (童子军）around. But then they saw the scene: the boy scouts surrounding a hiker who (21) ____________ (take) a scary Six-meter drop in an area near the Hoover Dam, a fall that left his right arm with a bone (22) ____________ (stick) out. The mother and the daughter (23) ____________ (suppose) to be having a fun-filled weekend to celebrate Maddie's 17th birthday. But the trip turned into an emergency life-saving adventure. Maddie and her mother were nearly akilometer into their 18-kilometer river trip in Black Canyon when they pulled onto some sand. The boy scouts, (24) ____________ had called 9,1, had tied a loose bandage around the hiker, broken arm to stop the bleeding.Maddie knew another bandage was needed and thought of her lifeguard training. She asked (25) ____________ anyone had a pen or a stick, and someone picked up a branch. She turned the bandage, careful not to hit the bone (26) ____________ it stopped most of the bleeding.The girl grew up doing junior guards and had recently taken a first aid class as part of her training (27) ____________ (become) a lifeguard with California State Parks at Crystal Cove. “I’m happy these trainings are so usefu l” she said. “(28) ____________ them, this guy probably would have died. This is something I will never forget. I’ve been considering my college and future career choices and now really feels like that the emergency medical field is (29) ____________ I would enjoy.”It’s not the first time Maddie has quickly jumped into action when (30) ____________ (need). In 2015 when she was just 15 during the Surf City Marathon, she was near a man who dropped at mile 26. She pulled him out of the road and treated him for shock until paramedics (医务人员）arrive .In two days , it will be Christmas, children all over world (21) ________(look) forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people , gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right.(22)______their noses without them seeing. Everyone placed(23)__________(wrap) gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning, (24)________we opened them.Picking a great gift require (25)________(know) the person you’re giving it to. You need to know the person’s tastes and find something the person doesn’t already have. This can be quite a big challenge . Often it’s wise to provide a receipt (26)______ _________the person needs to exchange the gift.The best gifts are personal . Many Americans don’t feel money co nstitutes a goodgift(27)_______it doesn’t require any thought. They prefer something chosen just for the person.If the gift is a high-quality homemade gift, that’s even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason(28)______ people celebrate Christmas. Christians in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visit him, (29)________(bring) expensive gifts. But the greatest gift wasn’t from the wise man, but from God-----the baby Jesus. God gave this gift because everyone needed it. We needed God to forgive our bad actions so that we (30)______ live forever with him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God’s action of giving the perfect gift.One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students __21__ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text __22__ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question __23__ just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class, the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, __25__ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, “Don’t worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here __26__ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. __27__ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like health issues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with __28__ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we __29__ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life __30__ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.My life on an Islandwe live on the island of Hale. it's about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it is joined to the mainland by a causeway (21) _____(call) Stand---a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22) _____ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we are on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there is high tide and the water rises a half meter or so above the road and nothing can pass (23) _____the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island.We were on our way back (24) _____ the mainland. My older brother, Dominic, had just finished his first in university in a town 150km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now, Dad normally hates being disturbed when he (25) _____ (write) (which is just about all the time), and he also hates having to go anywhere, but despite the typical sighs and moans --- why can’t he get a taxi? What’s wrong with the bus? ----I could tell by the flash in the eyes that he was really looking forward to (26) _____ (see) Dominic.So, anyway, Dad and I had driven to the mainland and picked up Dominic from the station. He had been talking non-stop from the moment he’d get in to the car. University this, university that, writers, books, parties, people, money…….. I didn’t like the way he spoke and waved his hands around (27) ____ ____ he was some kind of scholar or something. It was embarrassing. It made me feel uncomfortable----that kind of discomfort you feel when someone you like, someone close to you, suddenly starts acting like a complete idiot. And I didn’t like the way he was ignoring me, either. For all the attention I was getting I (28) _____ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger.We were about half across when I saw a boy. My first thought was how odd it was (29) _______(see) someone walking on the Strand. You don’t often see people walking around there. As we drew (30) ______(close) , he became clearer. He was actually a young man rather than a boy.。
2017年上海青浦区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2017年上海青浦区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第21~30题One day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students1（seat） and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text2（face） down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students were confused to see there was not a question3just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the students' face expression and told them, "I want you to write about what you see there."The students were even4（confused） but started the test by then. At the end of the class, the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot,5position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, "Don't worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here6focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life.7our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like health issues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small comparedwith8we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we9try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life10（give） us. Be happy and live the life positively.二、选词填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第31~40题Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Have you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you've fallen1to bad product placement （产品植入）. Clever marketing folks want their products to be2within a scene, butnot the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement3from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser （布景人员）might think of something that4the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been5about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a（n）6supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn't an appropriate form of compensation, and then thedeal,7with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer's marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a（n）8attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of9casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself10. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows — even games and music.A. approachedB. generousC. financiallyD. effortE. datesF. victimG. closedH. substitutingI. boostsJ. visibleK. seemingly三、完形填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第41~55题2018~2019学年上海杨浦区上海市杨浦高级中学高二上学期期中第41~45题15分(每题1分) Traditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense—those for the military, for example, wereoriginally1to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in2chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing3on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in "customer facing" industries. From uniforms and workwear has emerged "4clothing" . "The people you employ are your ambassadors （大使），'' says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK. “What they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance." From being a simple means of5who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication.Truly effective marketing through6images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colors give a sense of7while lighter color shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism （守旧），while others a sense of8to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear9, everybody can't look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of color, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always10. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these,2211for 85% of total sales一£380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to12two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniform will work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, itis13if the look doesn't express the business's marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When it comes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customerswill assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few secondswill14their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to15years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.A. intendedB. tendedC. extendedD. attendedA. statueB. stabilityC. statusD. statisticsA. preferenceB. argumentC. complimentD. emphasisA. cooperateB. politicalC. corporateD. academicA. exposingB. identifyingC. qualifyingD. requestingA. studioB. audioC. visualD. casualA. clarityB. authorityC. availabilityD. accessibilityA. exposureB. rejectionC. reluctanceD. opennessA. stableB. uniformC. innovativeD. similarA. smoothB. disagreeableC. objectiveD. complexA. exchangeB. callC. standD. accountA. establishB. balanceC. neglectD. desertA. pointlessB. significantC. usefulD. carelessA. maintainB. shapeC. drawD. valueA. commitB. commandC. dedicateD. invest四、阅读理解（共11小题，每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模（A篇）第56~59题St Kilda is a tiny archipelago （群岛）of the North Atlantic Ocean. The islands are among the most spectacular, but the greatest fascination is that, for over a thousand years, people lived there and possessed a sense of community. Cut off from the mainland, the islanders had a distinct way of living their lives, mainly eating the seabirds that returned to breed on the rocks.Isolation also had a big effect upon St kildans attitudes and ideas. The people sacrificed themselves year in and year out, in a constant battle to secure a livelihood. In such harsh conditions, life was only possible because the whole community worked together.In the 19th century St Kilda was subject to pressures from the outside world. Education, religion and tourism all attempted to throw the St Kildans5 way of life into doubt. In the early 20th century, the strength of the community became weakened as contact with the rest of Britain increased. When disease cut their numbers, and wind and sea made it difficult to get adequate food, the St Kildans were forced to turn to the mainland for assistance.In 1930, the St Kildans finally agreed to abandon their homes. They settled on the Scottish mainland, not realizing it meant throwing themselves into the 20th century. As adults, they had to accept those values most Scots believe in. For instance, the islanders found it difficult to' base their existence upon money. They had never lived in a world where they bought goods and services from each other.The islanders showed themselves indifferent to the jobs they were given on the mainland. The labours asked of them were unskilled compared with the spectacular skills they had once performed in order to kill seabirds. Moreover, killing birds had once provided the community with food to survive. On the mainland, however, the tasks they were asked to perform did not provide them immediately with what was needed to keep them fed and warm.The history of the St Kildans after the evacuation （撤离），of their inability and lack of resolution to fit into urban society, makes sad reading. When they were resettled on the mainland, the St Kildans were forced to live in a society whose values were unacceptable and incomprehensible to the majority of them. For many, the move was a tragedy.(1) According to Paragraph 3, the following factors lead to St kildans seeking help from outside EXCEPT.A. unbearable windB. insufficient food supplyC. contact with BritainD. worsening health(2) After the St Kildans inhabited Scotland, they .A. soon learned how to buy goods and services from othersB. had trouble adapting to the value of dominant society.C. exhibited willingness to carry out their given jobs.D. had the opportunity to show their skills of killing seabirds.(3) Which of the following is NOT about how people used to live on St Kilda?A. The major source of food was found locally.B. It was essential for people to help each other.C. Very few people had visited mainland Scotland.D. Money played an insignificant role in life.(4) What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The role of money in modern communities.B. How a community adapted to a different form of life.C. The destruction of an old-fashioned community.D. How a small community fight against opposite conditions.5、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第60~62题The following safety risks may result in serious injury or death to the user of the MINI Cooper S:• This product contains small parts that are for adult assembly （组装）only. Keep small children away when assembling. Remove all protective materials before assembly. Be sure to remove all packaging materials and parts from underneath the car body.• Battery posts contain lead known to the state of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Never open the battery.• Body parts such as hands, legs, hair and clothing can get caught in moving parts. Never place a body part near a moving part or wear loose clothingwhile using the vehicle. Always wear shoes when using the vehicle.• Using the vehicle near streets, motor vehicles, drop-offs such as steps, water (swimming pools) or other bodies of water, hills, wet areas, in small lanes, at night or in the dark could result in an unexpected accident. Instead, use the vehicle on the highway. Always use the vehicle in a safe, secure environment.• Using the vehicle in unsafe conditions such as snow, rain, loose dirt, mud, or sand may result in unexpected action, for example tip over.•Using the vehicle in an unsafe manner. Examples include but are not limited to:—Pulling the vehicle with another vehicle or similar device—Allowing more than two riders—Pushing the user from the back—Traveling at an unsafe speed• Always use common sense and safe practices when using the vehicle.• Store the vehicle indoors or cover it to protect it from weather. Water will damage the motor, electric system, and battery.(1) When assembling, you should.A. open the battery on the spotB. ignore the packaging materialsC. make sure kids are not presentD. start from underneath the car(2) According to the text, it is safer to.A. use batteries containing leadB. drive in small lanes at midnightC. drive on the highway instead of on hillsD. wear loose clothes while driving(3) Where can you probably find the text?A. In an official report.B. In a medical journal.C. In a physics textbook.D. In a product handbook.6、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第63~66题CIn a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly most breakable old buildings — 500 or so wooden pagodas, tower-shaped buildings — remained standing for centuries? Japanese scholars have been confused for ages about their stability.For centuries, many attributed the resilience（抗震性）of pagodas to the massive trunk-like central columns known as shinbashira, which bends and swings during a typhoon or earthquake, just like a tall tree. But the amazing thing is that the shinbashira actually does not carry any load at all but is suspended from the top of the pagoda — hanging loosely down through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central column? The best way to understand the shinbashira's role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida, a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology. Mr. Ishida, known to his students as "Professor Pagoda" has built a series of models and tested them on a "shake-table" in his laboratory. In short, the shinbashira was acting like an enormous pendulum（钟摆）. Under pressure, a pagoda's loose floors could be made to slide back and forth independently. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance — with each floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, made it unlikely that individual storeys moved too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, passing on energy away along the column.Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because of the building tapers（锥形）, with each floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical（垂直的）columns that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding column above. In other words, a five-storey pagoda contains not even one column that travels right up through the building. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats.The extra-wide eaves（屋檐）also play a part. Think of them as a balancing pole of tightrope-walkers. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his balance. The same holds true for a pagoda. With the eaves extending out on all sides like balancing poles, the building responds to even the most powerful earthquake with a graceful swinging, never an abrupt shaking.(1) In a Japanese pagoda, the shinbashira is designed to.A. bear certain amount of weight of the pagodaB. bend under pressure the way a tall tree doesC. connect the floors with pagoda's baseD. stop the floors from moving too far(2) Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to.A. apply the pendulum into practiceB. gain insight into the "shake-table" modelC. learn about the mechanisms of pagodasD. locate shinbashira exact position in a pagoda(3) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?A. Some columns may extend from the bottom to the top of a pagoda.B. The functions of extra eaves and balancing poles are similar.C. The storeys of a Japanese pagoda are fitted loosely.D. Pagodas5 amazing capacity to resist impact has long puzzled scholars.(4) What is the best title for the passage?A. How Shinbashira Plays Its RoleB. Why Pagodas Do Not Fall DownC. Distinct Features of Japanese ArchitectureD. Shuzo Ishida, a Distinguished Engineer五、信息匹配（共4小题，每题2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第67~70题Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments?1. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society atlarge.2. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives — in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry!3. The chances of a large comet（彗星）hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.4A. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives.B. Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.C. The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years.D. It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole.E. Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelandsF. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers.六、任务型阅读（满分10分）8、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第71题Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Last year my company was bought by a large corporation and most of the managers lost their jobs. That was when I decided to do something I'd always wanted to do ——become a freelance writer（自由作家）.Changing professions has meant that my lifestyle has changed in a number of ways.I work about as much as I did before ——between 45 and 50 hours a week —~ but my schedule is much less fixed than it used to be. Before, I worked from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, with a few extra hours on weekends. Now, however, 1 work when I feel like it. For instance, sometimes I work until midnight or 2 a.m., then sleep until noon. I really prefer this kind of schedule.While I was working as a manager, I never exercised. I already felt tired after work, so I just came home in the evening and watched TV. However, last year I joined a health club and began to do regular exercise. As a result I have lost over 10 pounds and I feel much better. Tve also started to eat more healthfully. I used to eat a lot of fast food, but now I do my own shopping. I buy lots of fruits and vegetables and cook them at home.Of course, not all the changes have been that easy. For example, I don't feel as safe financially as I used to. When I was working as a manager, I never worried much about money. I could always count ongetting my paycheck every two weeks. Working freelance, I don't have a regular paycheck. So now I have to make sure that there's enough money until the next check arrives.All in all, I really like my current lifestyle. Of course, that doesn't mean I'll never want to have a "regular" job. But for me, at least, it suits me.七、句子翻译（满分15分）9、【来源】 2017年上海青浦区高三一模第72~75题Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 中午的欢迎会已推迟到下周三。
2017年上海高考英语一模各区完形填空汇总
Anxiety disorders –defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tension –are carefully considering, disabling, and can increase the risk for___1___and self-murder. They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, ___2___ around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US$42 billion each year.People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less___3___. Young people with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it –leading to fewer life ___4___. Even though this evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient ___5___is being given to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.To do this, we conducted a systematic ___6___of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to ___7___ anxiety as men, and people living in Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.So why are women more ___8___?It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone(荷尔蒙) variations. Reproductive across a woman’s life are ___9___ with hormonal changes, which have been linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ___10___the risk for uncontrollable disorder.This is ___11___by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their life ___12___. Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping ___13___. Women faced with life stressors are more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety,___14___men engage more in active, problem-focused coping.Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ___15___physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.1. A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening2.A, infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting3. A. productive B. progressive C. positive D. passive4. A. adventures B. insurances C. chances D. programs5. A. conclusion B. attention C. solution D. contribution6. A. ignorance B. outlook C. discovery D. review7. A. suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from8. A. superior B. inferior C. probable D. enormous9. A. characterized B. confused C. performed D. offended10.A. equally B. similarly C. differently D. terribly11.A. shortcuts B. strategies C. standards D. samples12.A. because B. unless C. if D. while13.A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persist14.A. because B. unless C. if D. while15.A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persistDirections MatterMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products 41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43 .A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be 44 but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’45 to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47_____ experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48_____for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’____49___ attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店）can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52_________. And scent is just one way to53______ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54_______ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55________their perfect scent.41. A. engaged B. delivered C. displayed D. located42. A. connected with B. compared with C. combined with D. came up with43. A. purchase B. wander C. appreciate D. identify44. A. instructive B. attractive C. expensive D. informative45. A. expression B. demand C. intention D. attention46. A. profession B. project C. relation D. success47. A. different B. elegant C. inevitable D. generous48. A. focus B. account C. check D. schedule49. A. determined B. careless C. objective D. disapproving50. A. view B. rise C. trade D. effect51. A. step B. Inspect C. strive D. proceed52. A. occasion B. moment C. destination D. department53. A. apply B. achieve C. mention D. observe54. A. appears B. inputs C. chases D. floats55. A. in terms of B. in the form of C. in search of D. in common withA Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions (交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s whe n good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aimAnimal RightsEvery conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or ___41___. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all ___42___ beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties”in order to be extended moral consideration. ___43___, what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like ___44___ of others. Animal rights is about justice ─treating animals fairly.Why is animal rights ___45 ___? It is because we humans often act as though we are the only beings on the planet.Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans ___46___ animals. We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by a(n) ___47___ diet. Although other materials are available, we use animal’s skin and other body parts for clothing, furs, hats, boots, jewellery and even pet toys. Humans can talk about it but animals cannot. All animals wish to experience life in its fullness. Unlike many animals who have to kill to survive, humans do not.Why should humans cause ___48___ to other beings when it’s not necessary?As we do, animals protect their children; they feel fear; they warn each other of dangers; they play. We might differ from other animals in some ways, but that doesn’t give us the right to ___49___ them down, take their lands, pollute their waters, or use them for our conveniences. Animals also experience pain and it’s not difficult to observe __50__ of pain in the way a conscious being reacts to it. We take advantage, cause distress, and act __51__ when we use animals for amusement. Lots of pets are ___52_ on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.Whether we admit it or not, it’s a prejudice to think we are ___53___ to animals and that it is our right to control them, which can only make people act mean, hateful or neglectful. However, each of us has within us the power to ___54___. We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny. This will have wonderful effects on the planet’s other communities, for life is ___55___ avoiding suffering. It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy. We humans can learn to live responsibly, with respect, kindness and love.41. A. companies B. goods C. insects D. providers42. A. active B. conscious C. intelligent D. strange43. A. Indeed B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise44. A. followers B. friends C. masters D. tutors45. A. necessary B. neglected C. respected D. revolutionary46. A. distinguish B. eliminate C. exploit D. raise47. A. animal-free B. eco-friendly C. low-salt D. well-balanced48. A. conflict B. confusion C. isolation D. misery49. A. calm B. chase C. pull D. tear50. A. signs B. symbols C. symptoms D. performances51. A. differently B. enthusiastically C. gently D. unfairly52. A. abandoned B. chosen C. oppressed D. spoiled53. A. accessible B. appealing C. reasonable D. superior54. A. change B. dominate C. persist D. proceed55. A. contrary to B. more than C. owing to D. rather thanA new idea called …business at the speed of thought‟ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41______ way to run a c ompany. Here‟re the main 42________ : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44_____ understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45_____ up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46______ for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That5s the 47______ on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It‟s also a ___48___ of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either ____49__ or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50______ too easily. Aims never seem to be clear.____51____ , good records aren‟t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests ___52___ the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53____ go into them. By that measure, many of today‟s decisions are weak and could 54_____ some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of _55_____ ,butit‟s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. explorationThe two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns 41.________ a society's primary subsistence (存在) strategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social 42.________ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family 43.________ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and 44.________ . For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for 45.________.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important 46.________in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin（亲戚）. American families also 47.________ according to social class. A couple's social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of 48.________to the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergo and the way parents raise their children.49.________, the extent to which American families now differ by 50.________appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been 51.________ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have 52.________ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue 53.________ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are 54________ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how 55.________ will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regard to B. in terms of C.in combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B. work pressure C. economic status D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focus on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. natural8，闵行区Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebritie s introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectable9，浦东新区Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial (无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. nature10，普陀区A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreation。
2017上海三区县中考英语一模试卷汇总含答案
普陀区2021学年度第一学期初三质量调研英语试卷2 ,. (选择最恰当的答案) 20分26.a27. .28.’s , ’t .29. .30. I !31. . .32.’t a .33. .34.’s .35. .36. a , I .37.! !38. 5 . ’d .39. .40. 65 20 .41.’t .42.40.43. 10 .44.’s ..’m ’s45. I’s .’. . (将以下单词或词组填入空格。
每空限填一词，每词只能填一次)〔共8分〕. 46 , .47 . . . ,48 . 49, .. , . , 50 , , . ,51, ’ . 52 . a 53 ,“ a . , ’t .〞. (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成以下句子。
每空格限填一词)〔共8分〕54. . ()55. I I a . (I)56. . ()57. . ()58. . ()59. . ()60. I a . ()61. . ()V. . (依据所给要求完成句子。
62-67小题每空格限填一词)〔共14分〕62. ’s ’s .(改为一般疑问句)’s ’s63. 10 . (对划线部分提问)64. ’s . 〔改为感慨句〕!65. ’t . (保持句意不变)a .66. a ’s . (改为被动语态)A ’s .67. “ 〞 . (改为宾语从句).68. , , , , , , (连词成句).A. 〔依据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案〕〔12分〕a . . . . , .. , . . , .. , ’s . ’s . , ’d ,“ , I 〞a . , ’t . , “I . I’d .I . 〞., , . , “I I ’t .I , 6.〞, a , !69. .A. aB.C. aD.70.“〞 2A. aB.C. D.71.“〞 3 .A. B.C. D.72.A. I a $5000 .B. .C. ID. I ’t .73. , .A. B. aC. D.74.’d a .A. B.C. D.B. (选择最恰当的选项完成短文)〔12分〕a a a 75 . , , a .“ ,〞, “ 76 . , ’t . ’ta . 77 , . a .〞78 , . a 1980s. ,a , . , “ ,79 .〞 .. ’s a 80 .a ., ’t .75. A. B. C. D.76. A. B. C. D.77. A. B. C. ’s D.78. A. B. C. D.79. A. B. C. D.80. A. B. C. D.C. (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给〕〔14 分〕wa a a . m 81 ., . , a . , . r82 , ! ’t , , a , .. c 83 . . . .a c 84 . a a . . , a b85 , . a ’t ., , ’t . ’t ,o 86 . , . , . a a .’ . . ’s . , a 87 . a .D. 〔依据短文内容答复以下问题〕〔12分〕a a . . .’s , . , , “ ’t ’s ’t 〞, “I . I ’t I I , I ’d I .〞“ ! , 〞’s ., “ ’s .〞. . “ ! !〞’s , , “ , .〞“〞’s , “ ’t I ’s .〞, , “ ’s a . 〔葬礼〕’s . ’s , ’s .〞, ’s . .88. , ’t.89. ’s.90. ’s’s .91..92. , ’s.93.’s.. (作文〕〔共 20 分〕94.a 60 “ (...) 〞(依据下面的信息，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。
上海市各区县中考英语一模试卷 首字母填空总汇
英语试卷首字母填空总汇松江区C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。
每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分)An 8-year-old Miami boy, Joshua Williams, is president of his own non-profit organization---Joshua’s Save the World. His organization provides food and clothes for p 81people and families in Miami and the neighboring areas.Joshua has r 82 thousands of dollars for his organization. He started to help the hungry when he was just 5. He was in his mother’s car when they passed a beggar. Joshua asked his mother to stop so that he could give him $20. “It’s my m 83 .I want to help him, Mum,” Joshua recalled. One year later, he created his organization with the help of his mother and Francine Hanna, a local businesswoman. “He just thought that was what he wanted to do,” his mother said. “And there was nothing that could s 84 him.”The organization now provides clothing, furniture and food for the poor people in America. At the same time, Joshua never misses a c 85 to encourage other people to follow what he did whether at church or on the streets. Earl Laird lost his job two years ago and hasn’t managed to get a n 86 one. Without money, he can’t pay for the flat and has to live on the street. He depends on food fr om Joshua’s Save the World. “Joshua is an angel (天使) from God,” he said.Joshua has won Miami’s “Do the Right Thing” award and the “Kids Who Care” competition, which awarded him a $1,000 note. Even though he has a 87 done plenty, he said that hismission (使命)to provide for the poor is far from finished. “I want to get a team together,” Joshua said. “I want my team to go out and give food to people who have a need for it. I want to spread love to countries in Africa.”2.闸北区C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)（14分）The story behind the shopping cartCharactersSylvan Goldman – owner of a grocery shopFred Young –Sylvan’s friend, a mechanic(机械师)One night in 1936, in an American city. Inside Fred’s workshop, Sylvan sits next to Fred, who is making adjustments(调试) to their new i 81 – a shopping cart. Sylvan: My customers don’t like our shopping cart.Fred: Really? So they p 82 shopping with those heavy baskets?Sylvan: (nods) I’ve got a huge crowd of customers every day, b 83 none of them wants to use the cart.Fred: I don’t understand. We invented the cart so that people don’t need to carrya basket around the shop.Sylvan: (laughs) And so that they will buy more groceries!Fred: So w hy don’t they like the shopping cart?Sylvan: Young men think that pushing a cart around makes them look w 84 and slow, and young women think it’s unfashionable.Fred: Of course it isn’t fashionable right now. It’s only just been invented! But I’m sure older people will appreciate it.Sylvan: Um…Fred: What? They don’t like the cart e 85 ?Sylvan: Well, they think pushing it makes them look helpless!Fred: Oh no. We need to do something, Fred. We can’t just g 86 up on this invention!Sylvan: We won’t. (He gets up and walks around the room. Suddenly, he stops.) Aha! I’ve got an idea.Fred: What is it?Sylvan: I’ll hire(雇佣) some good-looking guys and girlsto push the carts around and pretend they’re shopping.Fred: Oh! So the real shoppers will see these attractivepeople using the carts and think, “Hey, if it’s good enoughfor them, it’s good enough for me!”Sylvan: E 87 .Fred: Hey! Maybe you could get one of the girls to greetyour customers and encourage them to use the cart.Sylvan: Great idea!3.长宁区C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。
2017各区一模考首字母填空专题汇总
2017年上海各区一模考英语首字母填空汇总浦东C.Read the passage and fill in the blankets with proper words.(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)（14分）An extract from The Greatest Tales of Sherlock HolmesI think I will tell you what happened last night.My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten.The servants had already gone to their rooms.Only my housekeeper s_____81_____in her room at the top of the house until I needed her.I sat until after eleven in this room,deep in a book.Then I walked round to see that all was right before I went u____82____.I always did this myself,to be sure that everything is OK.I went into the kitchen,the storeroom,the living room,and f____83_____the dining-room.As I came near the window,which is covered with thick curtains,I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face,and realized that it was o___84___.I pulled the curtain to one side,and found myself face to face with a broad-shouldered,elderly man who had just walked into the room,The window is a long French one,which really forms a door leading to the lawn,By the light of my bedroom candle,I saw two other men entering behind the first.I was so scared,trembling.I s__85__back quickly,but the man was on me in a moment.He caught me first by the wrist and then by the throat.I struggled to scream,but he hit me heavily over the eyes,and I fell to the ground.I must have been unconscious for a few minutes.When I woke up,I found that they had torn down the bell-rope and had tied me tightly to the c____86___standing at the head of the dining table.I was so firmly bound that I could not move,and a handkerchief round my mouth prevented me from making any sound.It was at this moment that my unfortunate husband came into the room.He had c__87__heard some suspicious sounds,and he came prepared.When he rushed at one of the burglars,another man bent down and took the poker(拔火棍)out of the fireplace and struck him heavily as he passed。
上海市各区2017-2018年初三英语一模汇编最新最全-首字母填空-已校对(带答案终结版)
C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）Fifteen years ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest checking out of our Polynesian Village resort（度假胜地）at Walt Disney was asked how she e____81____her visit. She told the front-desk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed（冲洗）. At that moment she was particularly s____82____over the loss of the pictures she had taken at the show, as this was a memory she especially treasured.In fact, there are no written rules covering lost photos in the park. L____83____,the clerk at the front desk understood Disney’s idea of loving our guests. She asked the woman to leave her a couple rolls of unused film, and then she p____84_____to take some photos for them. Two weeks later the guest received a packet at her home. In it were photos of all the actors of the show, personally signed by each performer. There were also pictures of the public procession（游行队伍）and fireworks in the park. These photos were taken by the clerk in her own time after work. I happened to know this s____85____because this guest wrote us a letter to express her thanks. Excellent s_____86_____does not come from policy（政策性的）handbooks. It comes from people who c____87_____ ——and from a culture that encourages and models that attitude.Keys: 81. enjoyed 82. sad 83.Luckily 84. promised85. story 86. service 87. careC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）When Crag was 12, he started a group that helped kids all over the world. The group is still going strong. In seventh grade he learned something that made him a____81____. It was about the life of a boy in the country of Pakistan. When the boy was four years old, he was sent to work in a factory. He worked 12 hours a day, 6 days a week. He could not go to school. He could not e____82____ play. He had no freedom at all.Crag wanted to help those who didn’t have the same advantages as he and his friends. As a result, Crag and some friends started Free The Children. They decided that Free The Children should r____83____money to build schools. Crag hoped that learning would help poor kids live better.He also hoped they would learn the outside world.Today, Crag’s charity has more than one million members in 45 countries. M____84___of them are kids. The money they have got has done many good things. It has helped build more than 500 schools around the world. They worked with Oprah Winfrey to pay for the school. It also pays forh____85___care in poor communities. With the money, many sick kids can go to hospital in time.Crag has achieved a lot of s____86____. However, he still remembers his start in seventh grade. “We were laughed at by other kids, who said we couldn’t c____87____things,” he says. Still, Crag didn’t give up. Now he wants more kids to help. “Go to free the . Bring it to your teachers,” he sai d. “As you gain more confidence, friends will join you. It just gets easier.”Keys: 81. angry 82. even 83. raise 84. Most85. Health 86. success 87. changeC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）Every morning Sarah turns on her computer. First, she checks her email. Then, she v___81___ a social networking website to find out what her friends are doing. On this website, she reads news from her friends. For example, she may look at comments her friends made about movies, music, books and other friends. On her page, Sarah writes a short a___82___ about what she is doing. Like many young people, Sarah enjoys meeting and communicating with others on social networks. These websites let people see what their friends are doing and thinking.Social networking sites become more and more popular every day, and they are popular all around the world. Why has the social networking s___83___ to different users so quickly?One reason is because people are social. We like to communicate with other people. We use cell phones, email, QQ and websites to learn what our friends are doing.Social networking sites are interactive（互动）and personal. People can share photographs with each other. They can tell people what they are doing at any moment and keep in touch. They canpost a link to site with their favourite song or band. Many people post their videos on sites like YouTube. Other users can give their o___84___ on these photos andvideos. This makes these websites become more popular.Being able to write on the site is a___85___ reason. In the past,websites only had information for users to read. Today, the Internet ismore interactive than it was in the past. Now anyone can have theirown website, blog, or page on sites like Facebook. Readers are now also writers and can add materials to the Web e___86___. People can express their own ideas, and they can put their own experience online.Social networking sites have become widely used among all ages. D___87___ college, students spend almost two hours every day on Facebook. Teenagers and older people often use their sites as well. The Internet keeps changing, but one thing is clear: People enjoy using websites to share and communicate online.Keys: 81. visits 82. article 83. spread 84. opinions85. another 86. easily 87. DuringFour【20181长宁区】C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）Children grow quickly, especially their feet. But many families, cannot a____81____new shoes when a child needs them. As a result, about 300 million children around the world go barefoot. Those children risk picking up diseases and parasites（寄生虫）from the soil.An American man has a s_____82_____for those barefoot kids – a shoe that grows with the child. Kenton Lee is the creator of The Shoe That Grows. He explains how the shoe works and how it is able to last so long.“It grows in three places: the front, the side and the back with the child. I t can last up to five years. The b____83____is compressed（压缩的）rubber like tire rubber. The top is just high-quality leather.”The shoe comes in two sizes: small that fits children aged 4 to 9 and large for children aged 9 to 14. Lee says he got the idea for the shoe while working as a v____84____ in an orphanage inKenya. “… and there was a little girl in a white dress walking next to me. And I just remember looking down and seeing how small her shoes were. And she had to c____85____ open the front of her shoes to let her toes（脚趾）stick out. At that time I just remember thinking, wouldn’t it be nice if there were a pair of shoes that could grow with her feet?” However, Lee says it was i____86____ to turn his idea into a reality at that time. “Yet I kept wri ting down I should do this because of this or because of that. All these reasons why it really was important for me to try to make the shoes grow are to try to help them.” Finally, in 2009 Lee founded a non-profit organization called Because International. Together, they have sent over 50,000 pairs of shoes to 70 countries. Lee says a pair shoes gives a child self-worth and more chances to succeed b____87____much protection.Keys:81. afford 82. solution 83. bottom 84. volunteer85. cut 86.impossible 87. besidesC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格中填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)：（14分）Augie Dobson, a 9-year-old American boy is proud of his ability to speak Chinese. He has been studying the language for three year from Shanghai Community International School.Augie is one of a group of three and took part in a drama performance competition. It was organized to e_____81_____ overseas students to understand Chinese culture.Their play is based on Tang Dynasty (618-907) poet He Zhizhang’s “ Hui Xiang Ou Shu,” L____82____, the play got the second prize at yesterday’s ceremony.“ Hui Xiang Ou Shu” means writing something after returning home. It describes an old man who left his hometown at a young age but feels like a s ____83____ when he returns a couple of years later.Mrs Sun, a Chinese teacher in school said she tries to teach her pupils to sing and dance to the poem. “Children are interested in singing poems rather than just reciting t____84____.Students at Shanghai Community International School now learn an ancient poem every day. “It’s difficult b ____85____ I ‘m trying to remember,” said Augie.The first prize went to drama “Kong Cheng Ji,” performed by students at Dulwich College Shanghai . Kong Cheng Ji, tells of Zhuge liang during the Three Kingdoms period (220-280). He had no army to protect and guard the city but m_____86_____ to make the enemy’s leader Sima Yi believe that the city was full of traps and ambushes(埋伏). As a result, Sima gave up.Li Zihao, 9, plays Sima in the drama. Li is a fan of chengyu, Chinese four-character idioms(四字成语).“I’ve downloaded an app about telling stories with chengyu, and he loves it. I think chengyu is a very s____87____ and important parts of Chinese culture. Four words alone can mean a lot, and chengyu shows the great wisdom of old Chinese people.” said his mother.KEYS: 81. encourage 82. Luckily 83. stranger 84.them85. but 86. managed 87.specialSix【20181闵行区】C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）The exams were just over and the summer vacation just started.Now Keven was free like a bird. Suddenly the doorbell rang. It was hiscousin, Max.‘Hiii!’screamed Max,‘I have come to stay here for theholidays.’The next days were a____81____ for Kevin. After breakfastKevin decided to do a painting. He took out all his art supplies and started painting beautiful scenery. When he nearly finished it, Max entered the room with a Cola bottle. He slipped on some water and spread Cola all over the painting. It was c____82____ destroyed. The next day was even worse. Max put Kevin’s best pair of shoes into the washing m achine along with the clothes.One day Kevin was going through the newspaper when some interesting news caught his a____83____. He read it aloud‘The world famous philatelist（集邮家）Dick Brown’s stamps were stolen last week in his town. Several other stamp robberies also have taken place and police suspect that all the robberies are l____84____.’Kevin had a nice stamp collection and it was with his friend Allan. He decided to get hisstamp album back as he felt it would be much s____85____ with himself. But Ke vin couldn’t go, so he decided to spend Max to get his album. Kevin gave Max the address of Allan’s and Max started. Max soon came back with the album and when Kevin checked it he found that it was not his album. It contained valuable stamps. Actually Max had gone to another house by mistake and he had knocked on the door but no one a____86____. He found the door unlocked, so he went in. He found an album which looked like Kevin’s and brought it back.Kevin doubted that it might be the stolen album probably belonging to Dick Brown. Kevin made c____87____ with the police. A week later, Kevin and Max got reward for finding Dick Brown’s album.‘I will never be angry at Max,’Kevin thought.KEYS: 81. awful 82. completely 83. attention 84. liked85. safer 86. answered 87. contactSeven【20181奉贤区】C.Fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。
上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----选词填空-老师版(已经校对)
Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was ab le to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?31-40:DKHAF JBGECFirst Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C –Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.31-40 KAGEJ BIFCDImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place. In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__ of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.31—40 K H B D A I C G E FThis invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of plane s. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they37 just that.Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more stickynotes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.31-35 JGKFE 36-40 ADBICThe rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) ____ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s (32)_____ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33)_____ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34)_____ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed(使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t (35)_____ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36)_____ it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37)_____ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increasethe (38)______ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39)_____. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worryin g (40)______ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.31-40：BEAJF HKCGIThere is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the readermust be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.31-40 DGAFI JHEKBThe meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be 31___, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every 32 with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it. as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of 33 among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be 34 is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for 35____.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with 36 among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 37 between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an cider or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the 38 meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not39 too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing 40 of silencecan use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures 31-40: EIACB KGJDFIn late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. Thereason? Eating in public.In Hong Kong it is 31._____ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级）into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, buta Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The 32._____ law would ban eating on the subway system and 33._____ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its 34.______ in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35______, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36______, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain 37._______ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to 38._____. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral 39.______ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish 40.____ who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to beconsiderate when enjoying a bite in public.31-40 EFKHB CIAGDSmart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the 36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about sympt oms over the previous weeks or months,”Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.31-40 DJFIC BKGHACould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutchpainters.However, there are 31 whether some paintings attributed (归属）to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting isknown as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed therepresentation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraitsknown to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that32 it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman in the 33 is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 ____ , but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was _____ 40 ___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.31-40 HKDCB JFIAGNINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control. “The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shangh ai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’sfirst orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning. Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.31-35 DCIAB 36-40 HCKJEGood news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) __31__ the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” as the union released its updated Red List on Sept. 4 at Hawaii with their __32__ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the __33__ force behind the animal's re-prosperity. The number of panda __34__ in China has also jumped to 67, from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda’s habitat has given them back their space wit h food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from “endangered” to “near threatened”. According to a statement from IUCN, the animal's numbers have shrunk severely - dropping from around 1 million to a(n) __35__ 65,000 -- 72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s - due to commercial poaching (偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been __36__ to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved __37__，wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face challenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would __38__ the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to __39__ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to theirrisk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, __40__ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, and geographic range.31---40 G E H C F J A K D IDonald Trump 31 his place as the United States’ 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold (门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy the White House.The rise of Trump, a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the 32 or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic 33 of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply 34 by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump 35 Americans to “come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans,” he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would reach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for 36 an d help so that “we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s government agenda remains unclear. The president-elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into the country 37 , 38 immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and 39 incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but the definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as recognizes the responsibilities he 40 and follows through on his promises.31---40 JFACE HKGBDHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen __31__ to bad product placement (产品植入). Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32__ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement __33__ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员) might think of something that __34__ the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been __35__ about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n) __36__ supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, so the deal __37__ with money works well. Someone from a manufacturer’s marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) __38__ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of __39__ casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much ado-it-yourself __40__. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows —even games and music.keys:31-40 FJEIA BGCKDIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these discipline are widely ___31____ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are ____32____ on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combing the arts with STEMS activities, ____33____ the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___34____ of the important unions between different skills is paving that way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed_____35_____ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy----____36_____ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities ____37_____the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the。
2017上海高中英语一模汇编-——选词填空 学生版
2017年高三英语一模汇编——选词填空Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these discipline are widely ___31____ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are ____32____ on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combing the arts with STEMS activities, ____33____ the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___34____ of the important unions between different skills is paving that way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed_____35_____ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy----____36_____ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities ____37_____the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the integration of these seemingly ____38_____ disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida _____39_____ that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in music appreciation class scored 42points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability and other problem- solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. in other words, _____40______ is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Smart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said.“Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experie nce is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.Section BDirections: Fill m each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Donald Trump 31 his place as the United States’ 45th president after crossing the 270electoral vote threshold (门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy the White House.The rise of Trump, a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the 32 or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic 33 of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply 34 by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump 35 Americans to “come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans,” he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would reach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for 36 and help so that “we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s government agenda remains unclear. The president-elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into the country 37 , 38immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and 39 incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but the definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as recognizes the responsibilities he 40 and follows through on his promises.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made__34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.First Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next,___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C –Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.This invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of plane s. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they37 just that.Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than stickynotes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shangha i’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong NewArea, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning. Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. Thereason? Eating in public.In Hong Kong it is 31.__________ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级）into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, buta Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The 32.__________ law would ban eating on the subway system and 33.__________ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its 34.__________ in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35__________, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36__________, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain 37.__________ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to 38.__________. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral 39.__________ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish 40.__________ who ran food carts inWhether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the w ord “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Imagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__ of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might thin k.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.Eleven普陀区Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF.reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are ___ 31 ___ whether some paintings attributed(归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known asattributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representationof the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be byRembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ______ 32 ____ it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致）about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _______ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been ______35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and __________ 36 ___ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 _____ onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _______ 38 ___ t hat it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was _____ 40 ___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’spaintings in the 1930s.’Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) ____ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s (32)_____ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33)_____ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34)_____ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. Accor ding to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t (35)_____ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of r esearch disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36)_____ it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37)_____ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the (38)______ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39)_____. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a pe rson’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worrying (40)______ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Good news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) __31__ the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” as the union released its updated Red List on Sept. 4 at Hawaii with their __32__ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the __33__ force behind the animal's re-prosperity. The number of panda __34__ in China has also jumped to 67, from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda’s habitat ha s given them back their space with food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from “endangered” to “near th reatened”. According to a statement from IUCN, the animal's numbers have shrunk severely - dropping from around 1 million to a(n) __35__ 65,000 -- 72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s - due to commercial poaching (偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been __36__ to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved __37__，wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face challenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would __38__ the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to __39__ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to their risk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, __40__ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, and geographic range.。
2017中考一模首字母(学生版)
2017年上海一模首字母填空真题Part1 三星级阅读文章Passage 1 ★★★☆☆（17年长宁金山一模）In 1997, Lottie Williams was walking through a park in Oklahoma, inthe US, with her friends. Suddenly something tapped her on the shoulderand fell to the ground. She picked the object up. It was about as heavy asan empty soda can. L 81 scientists told her it was a piece of aDelta H rocket that had been used to launch a satellite.Many countries around the world have sent satellites into space. We need satellites to send and receive TV and radio signals, to r 82 the weather and for many other things. But when they become old or they break down or we don’t need them any more, we just leave them there. They become space junk.Scientists think there are about 16,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying around the Earth, and tens of millions of smaller objects too. They travel at around 7 kilometers a second. That’s fast! And it’s their speed that makes these pieces of space junk reallyd 83 . If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed, it can do a lot of damage. Luckily, there haven’t been many collisions (撞). But in 2009, an old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite --- and that c 84 2,000 new pieces of space Junk!Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere every day. But Lottie Williams is the o 85 person who has been hit. The piece that hit her was light, and the air in the atmosphere had slowed it down. Most space junk bur ns up and doesn’t reach the Earth’s s86 . But in 2011, a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in Namibia, Africa. It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters d 87 and over 3 meters wide. Lottie was lucky she wasn’t hit by that!Passage 2 ★★★☆☆（17年嘉定一模）I've always wanted to try rock climbing, but never had the time ormoney for it. But I've discovered a way to e____81____ the excitement of climbing rock. Indoor climbing is an easy and exciting way to get a taste of rock climbing. And it is also much cheaper and safer! Indoor climbers don't climb on r____82____ rocks, but on a plastic wall. You can probably find a climbing wall near you. Many gyms, schools and camps have one.You can climb indoors at any time of the year, no matter how the weather is. It is usually not expensive. Most gyms p___83_____ the equipment you need. The convenience of indoor climbing is one reason why it has become so popular. But the r____84____ people climb is for therush (刺激感) they get. When I stand at the foot of the wall and look up, I'm always scared, but once I start climbing, fear changes to determination. With my heart pounding (心剧烈跳动), I reach the top and look down. I can't stop grinning (咧嘴而笑). I did it!Indoor climbing is a great workout (锻炼). Climbing uses muscles (肌肉) that are hard to exercise, e____85____ those in the shoulders, arms, chest and back. Many people say climbing makes exercise fun. Most gyms have several climbing walls with v____86____ degrees of difficulty. The easy ones are like climbing a ladder. The difficult ones bulge out (凸出) in places so that climbers must sometimes climb parallel (平行的) with the floor.Although gym climbing is safer and simpler than real rock climbing, you should still be careful. Always climb with a partner. As you climb, your partner pulls your climbing ropet____87____ something called a belay device (绳索控制器). The belay catches you if you slip. But make sure your partner knows how to use this equipment. And if you are a first-time climber, get some instruction before you begin.Passage 3 ★★★☆☆（17年松江一模）When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on my football team. That means beating out Miller King, who was the best p___81___ at our school.Football season started in September and all summer long I practiced. I carried my football wherever I wanted.Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and l___82__ his right arm, I went to see him after he came back from hospital. He looked very pale, but h e didn’t cry.That season, I broke all of Miller’s r_83____ while he watched the home games from thebench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable（有价值的）footballer, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for（因…该受责备）Miller’s a____84____.One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck going over a fence, which wasn’t hard to climb if you had b__85___ arms. I’m sur e I was the last person in the worldhe wanted to accept assistance from. But even that challenge（挑战）he accepted. I helped himmove slowly over the fence. When we were finally safe on the o___86____ side, he said to me. “You know,I didn’t tell you this dur ing the season, but you did fine.Thank you for filling in for me.”His words freed me from my bad dreams. I thought to myself, even though he had only onearm, he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated（击败），he was s___87____ ahead of me.I was right to have admired（崇拜）him. From that day on, I grew up and became a little more real.Passage 4 ★★★☆☆（17年青浦一模）Everybody in the world is different from one another. But do you know that understanding something about it can help you b 81 manage your money?Experts say that everyone has his own way of how to manage the money. It is influenced by society, our family, the education we receive and so on. According to these d 82 , experts put us in three groups. They are: the ant, the cricket and the snail.The ant — work firstJust l 83 ants who work heart and soul in summer in order to store food for winter, these people don’t care about enjoying the moment. They work very hard and save money they earn so that they can enjoy life when they get o 84 and retire. The ants love to save butthey could make more out of their money if they were willing to invest (投资) in some funds and stocks with low risk.The cricket — f 85 firstThe cricket wants to enjoy everything now and doesn’t think too mu ch about thefuture. They even b 86 money when they really want something. Many young people now belong to this group. These people have little savings. They should learn to save and buy insurance.The snail — life under pressureThe snails refers to people who make life difficult for themselves. They take big loans (贷款) from the bank in order to buy things such as expensive houses. They are happy to take big loans even though they are not sure they can afford it. T 87 can cause problems in the future. They should plan more carefully.Passage 5★★★☆☆（17年黄浦一模）If we live a natural, open-air life, we shall have little need of doctors or medicine. Many of our grandmothers’ ideas on how to keep well have c____81____ in recent years. Better habits of life have almost taken the place of the medicine.It was believed that night air was largely r____82____ for fevers and colds. Doctors now say that one of the surest way to keep well is to live and sleep in the open air. I have slept in the open air for some time in winter at the temperature of six degrees b____83____ zero. Of course it is foolish for anyone to sleep in rain or snow. The whole idea of open-air sleeping is to b____84____fresh air instead of the air full of dust and germs(病菌). If we become outdoor sleepers, coughs and colds will be almost unknown.One can almost tell a man who sleeps in the open by looking at him. His eye is clear and his cheek rosy. There is no surer way to become well and strong than to get used to this habit. Then you can laugh at the doctor and t____85____ the medicine bottles away. I know that many parents will not agree with me, and they will feel that to advise a boy to sleep in the open when the weather is extremely cold is like inviting them to his death. It is a fact that everyone would be h____86____ and happier if they follow this idea.Some doctors have already agreed on this method of sleeping for sick people. In some h____87____ even babies are given open-air treatment(治疗). I have been free from any sign of coughs or colds. In the past two years, I have been an outdoor sleeper. Snow sometimes covered the foot of the bed and cold winds blew about my head.Passage 6 ★★★☆☆（17年崇明一模）A young and successful man was travelling down a street, going a bit too fast in his newJaguar (捷豹汽车). He was watching for kids rushing out from b___81_____ parked cars. As his car passed, no children appeared. I____82___, a brick(砖）went flying into the Jaguar’s side door.He was very a____83____ and drove the car back to the place where the brick had been thrown. The driver jumped out of the car and caught the nearest kid, shouting, "Who are you? What are you doing? That's a new car and that brick you threw is going to cost you a lot of money. Why did you do that?"The young boy was apologetic. “I’m sorry. I didn’t know what else to do,” he said. “I threw the brick because no one else would s_____84_____.With tears dripping down his face, the young boy pointed to a spot just around a parked car."It's my brother,” he said, “he fell out of his wheelchair （轮椅）and I can’t lift him up.”With tears in his eyes, the boy asked the man. ''Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He's hurt and he's too h____85____ for me.” Moved beyond words, the driver hurriedly lifted the boy’s brother into the wheelchair."Thank you and God bless you," the thankful child told the stranger. Too excited for words, the man simply watched the little boy push his brother down the sidewalk toward their home.It was a long and slow walk back to the Jaguar. The d___86_____ was very noticeable, butthe driver never tried to r ___87______ the dented (凹陷）side door. He kept it there to remind him of this message: Don't go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention.God whispers in our souls and speaks to our heart. Sometimes when we don't have time to listen, he has to throw a brick at us.Part2 四星级阅读文章Passage 1 ★★★★☆（17年虹口一模）Nowadays, with the development of the Internet, emoji(表情符号) are more and more popular among netizens(网民). Some people even feel difficult to talk online w___81____ using emoji. Emoji help netizens to communicate with each other easily and vividly. Yet, not all emoji are p___82____ used on social media. Therefore, we are going to introduce some common but confusing emoji to help you have a b____83____ understanding of these small emotion signs.Passage 2 ★★★★☆（17年普陀一模）This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m 81 to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught.One Sunday, Nicholas went skiing. In the early afternoon, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he r 82 this, Nicholas found he was lost! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other useful things.Nicholas had no idea where he was. He told himself to be c 83 . He thought about all the survival shows he had watched. He decided to stop skiing. He needed to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.Nicholas built a snow c 84 . He gathered a huge amount of snow and dug out a hole in the middle with his skis. He got in. Then he put branches on himself, like a b 85 , to stay as warm as he could. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby streams so thathis body wouldn’t lose too much water.The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but hecouldn’t find anyone. He didn’t dare to go too far, o86he might not be able to find his way back. Without shelter, hecould die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcherfound him.Nicholas had ofte n watched Bear Grills’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really a 87 that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that most people would likely make big mistakes if they were lost in a deadly storm.Passage 3 ★★★★☆（17年奉贤一模）Paper cutting can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival. People stick patterns on the window, doors or desks for the festival.A thousand years ago, paper cutting was used for decoration. A____81______to historical books, women in the Tang Dynasty used paper cutting as head dress. In the Song Dynasty, it wasthe decoration for the gifts. And People pasted them on windows, doors, walls, mirrors or lanterns. Some people made a living by the skill.Paper cutting is all made by hand. It is e____82____ to learn. You need only a knife and paper. It can be one piece of paper or many pieces. Simple patterns can be cut with a knife. For complicated patterns, people first pasted the pattern on the paper and t____83______used various kinds of knives to make it. No m___84______ can be made during the process, or the work would fail.Paper cutting c____85_____ nearly all topics, from flowers, birds, animals to people in history and characters in classic novels.In the past, women living in the countryside gathered in their free time to make paper cutting. Nowadays, fewer and fewer people learn this skill, while there are some who still make a living by it. At present, there are factories making paper cutting in China. Exhibitions are held regularly and books of this kind are p____86______. Paper cutting has changed from decoration to a kind of a_____87_____. At the same time, paper cutting also appears in cartoons, on stages, in magazines or in TV series.Passage 4 ★★★★☆（17年闵行一模）The following are six film r___81___ from the students.Passage 5★★★★☆（17年静安一模）Studying hard for a few days can be tiring, but it always pays off! Most people can clearly remember the fear they felt when they realized that an exam was coming near. If you are in this situation, don’t w 81 . Many people have proved that there is enough time to study if you arrange it well. Here are some tips to help you.Calm down! Fear will only make your situation much w 82 . You will be focusing on the horror, not the coming exam. Many times, fear can even stop you from doing well in the exam. If you are nervous, take a deep b 83 , and tell yourself that you can do this well.Study the most important topics first. Exams usually cover a few main ideas, contents, or skills. When you are short of time, focus all your energies on the k 84 areas. Review the most important topics in textbooks and the parts your teacher said again and again. These are all clues for you to study first.Decide what subjects you don’t know enough about.Do more study on these subjects because some parts probably still r 85 reviewing, but they will come to you more easily thistime. Then you can try to focus on more challenging (具有挑战性的) topics.Studying t 86 can be helpful. Since you don’t get any extra points for reviewing your lessons alone, classmates can be really helpful in studying. Ask for help from your parents, brothers or sisters. They may really enjoy being asked. From a study group, you not only have the advantage of studying with people who you are familiar with, you also have more c 87 to make more friends and have more additional help through helping each other.Passage 6 ★★★★☆（17年浦东新区一模）An extract from The Greatest Tales of Sherlock HolmesI think I will tell you what happened last night. My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten. The servants had already gone to their rooms. Only my housekeeper s_____81____ in her room at the top of the house until I needed her.I sat until after eleven in this room, deep in a book. Then I walked round to see that all was right before I went u____82____. I always did this myself, to be sure that everything is OK. I went into the kitchen, the storeroom, the living room and f____83_____the dining-room. As I came near the window, which is covered with thick curtains, I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face, and realized that it was o___84___. I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a broad-shouldered, elderly man who had just walked into the room. The window is a long French one, which really forms a door leading to the lawn. By the light of my bedroom candle, I saw two other men entering behind the first. I was so scared, trembling. I s__85__ back quickly, but the man was on me in a moment. He caught me first by the wrist and then by the throat. I struggled to scream, but he hit me heavily over the eyes, and I fell to the ground.I must have been unconscious for a few minutes. When I woke up, I found that they had torn down the bell-rope and had tied me tightly to the c____86___ standing at the head of the dining table. I was so firmly bound that I could not move, and a handkerchief round my mouth prevented me from making any sound. It was at this moment that my unfortunate husband came into the room. He had c__87__heard some suspicious sounds, and he came prepared. When he rushed atone of the burglars, another man bent down and took the poker(拔火棍)out of the fireplace and struck him heavily as he passed. My husband fell without a groan（呻吟）and never moved again.(To be continued)Part3 五星级阅读文章Passage 1 ★★★★★（17年宝山一模）At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very s 81 driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term f 82 it: 'roadrage'(路怒症). Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this 'illness' of road rage? There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive (攻击性的)driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different f 83 : Driving much faster than the speed limit.●Increasing your speed very quickly.●Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn (喇叭) or flashing theheadlights.●Changing lanes very suddenly and b 84 another car.●Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park.There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:●Making rude signs at people.●Shouting at people and threatening them.●Deliberately (蓄意地) driving into another person's car.●Hitting somebody.●Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.Road rage is c 85 not a joke. There have been incidents (事件) of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder. Experts think that one reason for road rage as that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive. Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious e 86 . Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled, but it takes a long time. In theUK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in r 87 the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.Passage 2 ★★★★★（17年徐汇一模）With smiling eyes, quick minds and good humor, Jia Ling seems like a natural crosstalk performer(相声演员).Jia Ling was born on April 29th, 1982 in the city of Xiangyang, Hubei province. Having studied acting since she was 11, Jia Ling was admitted to the nation’s top drama college—The Central Academy of Drama when she was 19, but she c 81 to learn crosstalk there.Jia Ling is not an overnight success. After graduation in 2003, she was living in a basement that was just eight square meters and without a bathroom. However, Feng Gong, who is one of the top crosstalk performers in China, opened the door to her with o 82 to perform. Jia Lingseized(抓住)the chances she was offered and worked hard to improve her skills.As an excellent performer, the young lady took first part in the Spring Festival Gala in 2010. W 83 her unique(独特的) style and great sense of humor, Jia Ling is loved by many people. Since her crosstalk is unique, fashionable and attractive, she becomes more and more p 84 .Besides performing as a crosstalk performer, Jia Ling is also talented actress. She has s 85acted in several TV series. “My act ing experience has given my crosstalk more creativity and inspiration,” Jia Ling said.Now, Jia Ling has become one of the top crosstalk performers in China. She is trying hard so that crosstalk can s 86 to more people. She has founded her own club called New Laughter Inn. There people can enjoy traditional or m 87 crosstalk performances. She hopes it can influence her generation and even the next generation and let more and more people lovecrosstalk.Jia Ling is proud of being a crosstalk performer and she says she is positive about the future of crosstalk because people will always want to laugh.Passage 3 ★★★★★（17年杨浦一模）Teens and moneySo,you can’t afford to go out with your friends, and you can’t borrow any money from your parents.You need to get a job and earn some money!Don’t worry,there are many jobs you canfind and create.H ere are some ideas...A L ooking after petsWhen your neighbors go on holidays, you can take care of their cat or dog or whatever pet they have.You give the animals food and exercise. A___81_____,many people work long hours and they will pay you to visit their pets during the day and take them for a walk.B Helping with studiesSome teens say they earn between five and twenty euros an hour tutoring. Are you good at s___82_____,for example,Math or English?Then you can earn money by helping othersunderstand it, too.C O____83_____jobsDo you hate working inside?Don’t worry-find out if there is a job in a park near your house. Often parks employ young people to collect litter or help with cutting the grass and looking after plants. You can cut the grass or clear the snow for your neighbors, too.D Department storesWorking in a shop can be fun—and you can s____84_____money too. Some shops oftengive employees 20-30 percent discount on cloths and other things, so when you buy things from the shop it’s c____85_____for you.E Getting experienceThink about volunteering, too. V olunteers don’t earn any money, but volunteering can helpyou get a job later. Think of a skill you want to learn or a business that interest s you,then find ano____86____that offers the opportunities. You will get great experience doing a job there. For example, you can volunteer at a hospital. There’s a good idea for students who want to be m____87___workers. Do you like working with children? Why not volunteer to help at a local school?It’s up to you to find a place that will help you learn.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
长宁区B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage. (选择最恰当的单词或短语，完成短文。
)（12分）Alex Winter is a rock climber. He spoke to Craig Jackson from Out and About magazine.Imagine hanging on a rock face, with nothing between you and the ground hundreds of meters____75____. For Alex Winter this is just another normal day. I called him at his home in Fresno, California.Craig: When did you first become____76____rock climbing?Alex: Well, Fresno’s not far from Yosemite National Park in California. That’s one of the best places for climbing in the world. Both my parents love rock climbing, and I started learning the basics at a very early age.Craig: What____77____would you give people who want to start rock climbing?Alex: The best way to learn how to climb is to do it. You can’t learn climbing just from books. Practice on easy low climbs first, until you know the right moves. You need a good teacher.For me, that was my parents. And always use good quality equipment. Your life____78____it. Probably the most important piece of equipment is the ropes. You really don’t want them tobreak!Craig: Have you ever had any____79____?Alex: I’ve had a few falls, but the ropes have saved my life every time. If you lose your hold, the ropes are attached to the rock and they take your weight.Craig: For you, what’s the best thing about rock climbing?Alex: When I’m climbing, I____80____everything else in the world. The only thing that matters is my next move up the rock face.69.A.below B.behind C.beside D.above70.A.angry with B.surprised at C.thankful to D.interested in71.A.gift B.order C.advice D.programme72.A.points out B.deals with C.depends on D.takes away73.A.robberies B.accidents C.illnesses D.headache74.A.memorize B.protect C.recognize D.forgetC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。
每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
)（14分）In 1997, Lottie Williams was walking through a park in Oklahoma, in the US, with her friends. Suddenly something tapped her on the shoulder and fell to the ground. She picked the object up. It was about as heavy as an empty soda can. L___________81 scientists told her it was a piece of a Delta H rocket that had been used to launch a satellite.Many countries around the world have sent satellites into space. We need satellites to send receive TV and radio signals, to r________82 the weather and for many other things. But whenthey become old or they break down or we don’t need them any more, we just leave them there. They become space junk.Scientists think there are about 16,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters wide flyingaround the Earth, and tens of millions of smaller objects too. They travel at around 7 kilometers a second. That’s fast! And it’s their speed that makes these pieces of space junk really d__________83. If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed, it can do a lot of damage. Luckily, there haven’t been many collisions(撞). But in 2009, an old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite---and that c__________84 2,000 new pieces of space Junk!Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere every day. But Lottie Williams isthe o__________85 person who has been hit. The piece that hit her was light, and the air in the atmosphere had slowed it down. Most space junk burns up and doesn’t reach the Earth’ss__________86. But in 2011, a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in Namibia, Africa. It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters d__________87 and over 3 meters wide. Lottie was lucky she wasn’t hit by that!徐汇区B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)：（12分）Every year,our school has a dance for all the students.It’s a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful dresses,instead of the usual school uniform.Most of us think the dance is great fun--even the teachers enjoy being there. 75 ,two weeks ago someone said that there would be no live band this year----only CDS.‘I don’t believe it!’Amy cried out during the lunch break.’Someone said the school couldn’t 76 a band,and they think it’s too noisy anyway.’added Daniel.‘Well,I don’t think it’s good enough without a band!said Angela,’and I’m going to see what can be done”Angela was as good as her word.In the afternoon she went 77 to see the school headmaster who agreed to give the situation some more thought.And he suggested that one possibility for having a band was to increase the price ticket from$5 to$10.Angela had to find out whether the students would like to do that.“I need all of you to help me,” she told our group before school the next day.“Mr.Berry gave me a list of all the names,and suggested we ask each other their 78 about the band and the extra cost.”During the day we asked around as Angela suggested,and wrote down people”s feelings about the band and the cost.We were amazed how much support there was for the band and 79 agreed to pay the extra $5.”I’m surprised”smiled Mr.Berry,when we gave him the results.’I really thought that only a few people wanted their band and that the cost would be too high.OK.Angela,your next task is to find a good band and line them up for the dance.’Angela jumped 80 and broke the news to Amy and Daniel.’You’re amazing,’smiled Daniel to Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance.75.A.Besides B .However C.Therefore D.Finally76.A.Afford B.from C.help D.book77.A.regularly B.quietly C.immediately D.Slowly78.A.task B.ability C.opinion D.experience79.A.everyone B.everyone C.someone D.no one80.A.in horror B.with joy C.in surprise D.with angerC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（14分）With smiling eyes, quick minds and good humor, Jia Ling seems like a natural crosstalk performer （相声演员）.Jia Ling was born on April 29th, 1982 in the city of Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Having studied acting since she was 11, Jia Ling was admitted to the nation’s top drama college —The Central Academy of Drama when she was 19, but she c 81 to learn crosstalk there.Jia Ling is not an overnight success. After graduation in 2003, she was living in a basement that was just eight square meters and without a bathroom. However, Feng Gong, who is one of the top crosstalk performers in China, opened the door to her success. He provided her witho 82 to perform. Jia Ling seized(抓住) the chances she was offered and worked hard to improve her skills.As an excellent performer, the young lady first took part in the Spring Festival Gala in 2010. W 83 her unique（独特的）style and great sense of humor, Jia Ling is loved by many people. Since her crosstalk is unique, fashionable and attractive, she becomes more and more p 84 .Besides performing as a crosstalk performer, Jia Ling is also a talented actress. She hass 85 acted in several TV series. “My acting experience has given my crosstalk more creativity and inspiration,” Jia Ling said.Now, Jia Ling has become one of the top crosstalk performers in China. She is trying so hard that crosstalk can s 86 to more people. She has founded her own club called New Laughter Inn. There people can enjoy traditional or m 87 crosstalk performances. She hopes it can influenceher generation and even the next generation and let more and more people fall in love with crosstalk. Jia Ling is proud of being a crosstalk performer and she says she is positive about the future of crosstalk because people will always want to laugh.青浦区B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passageThe science museum in LondonWelcome to the most friendly museum in London. In most museum, there is no shouting and no running, and you mustn’t touch the anything. But the Science Museum is ___75___ ... It’s noisy! People talk about what they can see and do here, and there are some very noisy machines as well. If you want answers to all your questions about science, it is the right place for you.On the ground floor is the Launchpad. This is my favorite room because there are lots of physical experiments. ___76___, if you want to fill a bag with sand, you have to control a kind of truck on wheels and move it into the correct place. You can also find out how we travel into space travel and back again.Upstairs is the ___77___ Room. There you can compare the speed of different animals with your own. When you hear a noise you push a key. If you aren’t fast enough, the lion catches you! I’m faster than all my friends, but the lion still catches me.I also like to visit the other rooms on the second and third floors. You can ___78___ maths, physics and chemistry as well as communication and the environment. In one room you can know how X-ray let you see inside your body. And in another room you can ___79___ find out how they dig coal from the ground and use it to create energy.The science museum is interesting for people of all ages, but you should follow the ___80___. You cannot take photos, but if you want postcards you can buy them in the shop. The museum is free to enter, so you can go in for a few minutes or stay all days. It’s open every day from 10a.m. to 6p.m. So if you ever go to London, make sure you visit the science museum. It’s my favorite museum in the whole world!75.A)important B)different C)necessary D)strange76.A)However B)In fact C)For example D)What’s more77.A)Culture and Nature B)Culture and SpaceC) Human and Space D)Human and Nature78.A)look for B)learn about C)find out D)think of79.A)even B)still C)just D)only80.A)orders B)notes C)rules D)stepsC. Read the passage and fill in the blankets with proper words.Everybody in the world is different from one another. But do you know that understanding something aboutit can help you b_____81_____ manage your money?Experts say that everyone has his own way of how to manage the money. It is influenced by society, our family, the education we receive and so on. According to these d____82____, experts put us in three groups. They are: the ant, the cricket and the snail.The ant—work firstJust l____83_____ ants who work heart and soul in summer in order to store food for winter, these people don't care about enjoying the moment. They work very hard and save money they earn so that they can enjoy life when they get o____84___ and retire. The ant loves to save but they could make more out of their money if they were willing to invest (投资) in some funds and stocks with low risk.The cricket-f___85___ firstThe cricket wants to enjoy everything now and doesn't think too much about the future. They even b___86___ money when they really want something. Many young people now belong to this group. These people have little savings. They should learn to save and buy insurance.The snail-lives under pressureThe snail refers to people who make life difficult for themselves. They take big loans (贷款) from the bank in order to buy things such as expensive houses. They are happy to take big loans even though they are not sure whether they can afford it. T___87___ can cause problems in the future. They should plan more carefully.普陀区B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文)（12分）Have you ever been in a meeting and suddenly found that your mind was a million miles away while someone was making a speech? You probably felt 75 and made up your mind to pay attention and never daydream again. Most of us, from the earliest school days, have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.“On the contrary,” says an expert in psychology, “daydreaming is quite 76 . Without it, the mind couldn’t do all the thinking it has to do in daily life. You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. 77 , your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. The unconscious and conscious states of mind have a silent dialogue in the way of daydreaming.”Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the 78 of daydreaming, and even considered it harmful. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, “Now we know that daydreaming is one of the main wa ys that we organize our lives, 79 our experiences and plan for future.” Daydreams really show the things we fear and the things we desire in life.Daydreams are usually very simple and direct while sleep dreams may be hard to understand. It’s easier to gaina deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by studying your sleep dreams80 . Daydreams help one recognize the difficult situation in life and find out a possible way for dealing with them.So next time you catch yourself daydreaming, don’t stop.75. A. sorry B. lonely C. angry D. bored76. A. easy B. interesting C. necessary D. clear77. A. In addition B. For example C. What’s more D. In fact78. A. importance B. time C. variety D. environment79. A. write down B. learn from C. talk about D. depend on80. A. happily B. early C. immediately D. carefullyC. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14 分）This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m 81 to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught.One Sunday, Nicholas went skiing. In the early afternoon, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he r 82 this, Nicholas found he was lost! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other useful things.Nicholas had no idea where he was. He told himself to be c 83 . He thought about all the survival shows he had watched. He decided to stop skiing. He needed to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. Nicholas built a snow c 84 . He gathered a huge amount of snow and dug out a hole in the middle with his skis. He got in. Then he put branches on himself, like a b 85 , to stay as warm as he could. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby streams so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He didn’t dare to go too far,o 86 he might not be able to find his way back. Without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.Nicholas had often watched Bear Grills’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really a 87 that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that most people would likely make big mistakes if they were lost in a deadly storm.宝山区B. Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage （选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文）（12分）Beautiful beaches or swimming pools are exciting places for relaxation. However, an accident, such as a drowning accident, can spoil all the fun and pleasures of an enjoyable swimming experience. According to the World Health Organization （世界卫生组织）, drowning ( 溺水) is the third leading cause of unintentional (无意的) injury death worldwide, Drowning occurs more 75 in males and the young. Surveys show that I 0% of children under 5 have experienced a situation with a high risk of drowning.If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't 76 , you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, lift his held beck and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue clogging(堵塞) the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔) together with your fingers. Open you mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest 71 , then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.To bring a child back to 78 , keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If ,in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey color, you can feel no pulse (脉搏). Thenpressing is the 79 chance of saving his life.With arms straight, rock (摆动) forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib (肋骨). Check how effective you are 80 seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.To prevent drowning accidents, we must ensure the safety of the tourists by providing people with qualified and trained lifeguards and first aid equipment that can be used during an emergency.75. A) repeatedly B) frequently C) quickly D) punctually76. A) dying B) beating C) swimming D) crying77. A) stops B) moves C) warms D) rises78. A) sense B) life C) safety D) feeling79. A) best B) first C) latest D) last80. A) towards B) on C) with D) byC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very s 81 driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term f 82 it: 'road rage'(路怒症). Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this 'illness' of road rage? There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive (攻击性的) driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different f 83 : Driving much faster than the speed limit.●Increasing your speed very quickly.●Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn (喇叭) or flashing the headlights.●Changing lanes very suddenly and b 84 another car.●Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park.There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:●Making rude signs at people.●Shouting at people and threatening them.●Deliberately (蓄意地) driving into another person's car.●Hitting somebody.●Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.Road rage is c 85 not a joke. There have been incidents (事件) of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder. Experts thank that one reason for road rage as that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive. Experts also think that thepunishments for dangerous driving are not serious e 86 . Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled, but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in r 87 the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.。