杭州师范大学写作考研真题试题2020、2019年
杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识2019--2020年考研专业课真题
起偌大的身驱来，他那许多只腿真是细得可怜，都在他眼前无可奈何地舞动着。
“我出了什么事啦？”他想。
这可不是梦。
他的房间，虽是嫌小了些，的确是普普通通人住的房间，仍然安静地躺在四堵熟悉的墙壁当中。
在摊放着打开的衣料样品——萨姆沙是个旅行推销员——的桌子上面，还是挂着那幅画，这是他最近从一本画报上剪下来装在漂亮的金色镜框里的。
画的是一位戴皮帽子围皮围巾的贵妇人，她挺直身子坐着，把一只套没了整个前臂的厚重的皮手筒递给看画的人。
格里高尔的眼睛接着又朝窗口望去，天空很阴暗——可以听到雨点敲打在窗槛上的声音——他的心情也变得忧郁了。
“要是再睡一会儿，把这一切晦气事统统忘掉那该多好。
”他想。
但是完全办不到，平时他习惯于向右边睡，可是在目前的情况下，再也不能采取那样的姿态了。
无论怎样用力向右转，他仍旧滚了回来，肚子朝天。
他试了至少一百次，还闭上眼睛免得看到那些拼命挣扎的腿，到后来他的腰部感到一种从未体味过的隐痛，才不得不罢休。
“啊，天哪，”他想，“我怎么单单挑上这么一个累人的差使呢！长年累月到处奔波，比坐办公室辛苦多了。
再加上还有经常出门的烦恼，担心各次火车的倒换，不定时而且低劣的饮食，而萍水相逢的人也总是些泛泛之交，不可能有深厚的交情，永远不会变成知己朋友。
让这一切都见鬼去吧！”他觉得肚子上有点儿痒，就慢慢地挪动身子，靠近床头，好让自己头抬起来更容易些；他看清了发痒的地方，那儿布满着白色的小斑点，他不明白这是怎么回事，想用一条腿去搔一搔，可是马上又缩了回来，因为这一碰使他浑身起了一阵寒颤。
他又滑下来恢复到原来的姿势。
“起床这么早，”他想，“会使人变傻的。
人是需要睡觉的。
别的推销员生活得像贵妇人。
比如，我有一天上午赶回旅馆登记取回定货单时，别的人才坐下来吃早餐。
我若是跟我的老板也来这一手，准定当场就给开除。
也许开除了倒更好一些，谁说得准呢。
如果不是为了父母亲而总是谨小慎微，我早就辞职不干了，我早就会跑到老板面前，把肚子里的气出个痛快。
杭州师范大学汉语写作与百科知识2019--2020年考研初试真题
A．译作应完全复写出原作的思想
B．译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质
C．译作应具备原作所具有的通顺
D．译作必须考虑读者的感受
19.“安之所述，大启玄门，……字声一，句韵二，问答三，名义四，经论五，歌颂六，咒功七，品题八，专业九，异本十。各疏其相，广文如论。”这是彦琮在《辨证论》里提到的（）。
A.林语堂B.胡适
C.梁实秋D.康有为
19.法国启蒙思想家与作家（）花了二十多年主编了《百科全书》。
A.伏尔泰B.卢梭
C.孟德斯鸠D.狄德罗
20.物理学的浮力定律是由伟大的科学家（）发现的。
A.亚里士多德B.牛顿
C.阿基米德D.伽利略
第二部分应用文写作（共50分）
请你写一份我国著名翻译家朱生豪学术研讨会的邀请函，约600字，注意邀请函的格式，要求语言简洁明了，内容完整，信息准确。
A．请儒学名流到书院讲学
B．不同学派之间的论争
C．师生之间的学术讨论
D．师生之间的聚会方式
12.中国佛教四大名山是山西五台山、四川峨眉山、浙江普陀山和（）。
A．河南嵩山
B．湖北武当山
C．安徽九华山
D．江苏栖霞山
13.我国古代科举制度把朱熹的《四书集注》作为考试依据，是从（）代开始的。
A．宋
B．明
C．元
D.申请签证
9.两汉基本沿袭秦朝的制度，史称“汉承秦制”。下列属于汉朝继承秦朝的制度的是（）。
A．刺史制度
B．察举制
C．编户齐民制度
D．三公九卿制
10.王实甫的《（）》吹响了“愿天下有情人终成眷属”的嘹亮号角。
A．窦娥冤
B．孔雀东南飞
C．西厢记
考研_2020浙江杭州师范大学英语文学基础考研真题
2020浙江杭州师范大学英语文学基础考研真题Part I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20x2)1. About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the worldly life.C. They couldn't see the importance of worldly happiness.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without any freedomand independence.2. Which of the following is not John Milton’s works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. The Pilgrim’s Progress3. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels gives a n unparalleled_____ depiction of the vices of his age.A. religiousB. romanticC. satiricalD. comic4. William Blake’s Songs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholy tone.A. misery, poverty, disease, war and repressionB. happiness and love and romantic idealsC. misery, poverty mixed with love and happinessD. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferings5. Through his poems, Byron created the “Byronic hero” who is _____.A. a brave and stubborn rebel figure of noble originB. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble originC. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of lower originD. a brilliant, independent and romantic figure of his time6. Which of the following can’t be included in the critical realists of the Victorian Period?A. Charlotte and Emily BronteB. Charles Dickens and William M. ThackerayC. Thomas Hardy and George EliotD. D. H. Laurence and James Joyce7. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the______ of art and the____ of human passion.A. glory，uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience，sordidnessD. glory，permanence8. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John KeatsD. John Bunyan9. In The Pilgrim’s Progress Christian and Faithful come to the ______where bothare arrested as alien agitators and tried.A. Vanity FairB. Doubting CastleC. Celestial CityD. The Valley of Humiliation10. Of the following poets, who is not regarded as “lake poet”?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. John Keats11. ________, a Gothic novel written by Mary Shelley, is one of the triumphs of the Romantic movement due to its theme of alienation and its warning about the destructive power that can result when human activity is unfettered by moral and social concerns.A. WaverleyB. EndymionC. Joan of ArcD. Frankenstein12. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true?A. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and rationality.B. In most of the writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.C. There were a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.D. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.13. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the___.A. revolutionismB. reasonC. individualismD. rationalism14. Although realism and naturalism were products of the 19th century, their final triumph came in the 20th century, with the popular and critical successes of such writers as Edwin Arlington, William Cather, Robert Frost, William Faulkner and_____.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Sherwood AndersonC. Washington IrvingD. Ralph Ellison15. ____, one of the essays in The Sacred Wood, is the earliest statement of T.S. Eliot’s aesthetics, which provided a useful instrument for modern criticism. A. “Tradition and Individual Talent” B. “Sweeny Agonistes”C. “A Primer of Modern Heresy”D. “Gerention”16. The three poets Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and ____ opened the way to modern poetry.A. O. HenryB. Henry David ThoreauC. E.E. CummingsD. Robert Frost17. Which writer best expressed the Puritan sense of the self?A. Jonathan EdwardsB. Cotton MatherC. John SmithD. Thomas Hooker18. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. WaldenB. NatureC. “On Beauty”D. “Self-Reliance”19. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence” in the history of American Literature?A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men20. Imagism was equivalent to ___ in fiction in a sense. Imagist never stated theemotion in the poem, but just presented an image: concrete, firm and definite in picture.A. modernismB. romanticismC. naturalismD. surrealismPart II Identify the source of each of the following quotation and write out the TITLE of which the passage comes from.(20x1)1. Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth/Inspired hath in every holt and heeth/The tender croppes, and the Yonge sonne/Hath in the Ram his half coursy ronne,2. The quality of mercy is not strained;/It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven/ Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest:3. If they be two, they are two so/As stiff twin compasses are two:/Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show/To move, but doth if th’other do;4. All is not lost-----the unconquerable will,/ And study of revenge, immoral hate,/And courage never to submit or yield:5. These people are most excellent mathematicians, and arrived to a great perfection in mechanics by the countenance and encouragement of the Emperor, who is a renowned patron of learning.6. True wit is Nature to advantage dressed,/What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed;7. So here have I lived above sixteen years in virtue and reputation; and all at once, when I come to know what is good, and what is evil, I must renounce all the good, all the whole sixteen years’ innocence, which, next to God’s grace, I owed chiefly to my parents and to my lady’s lessons and example.8. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,/So deep in luve am I;/ And I will luve thee still, my dear,/ Till a’ the seas gang dry.9. No Nightingale did ever chaunt/ More welcome notes to weary bands/ Of travelers in some shady haunt,/ Among Arabian sands:10. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.11. Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/ Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!12. He listened. The wind, playing upon the edifice, produced a booming tune, like the note of some gigantic harp.13. What a handsome little Oriental he was, and no doubt his wife and children were beautiful too, for people usually get what they already possess.14. This train of thought, she perceives, is threatening mere waste of energy, even some collision with reality, for who will ever be able to lift a finger against Whitaker’s Table of Precedency?15. He hated her bitterly at that moment because he made her suffer. Love her! She knew he loved her. He really belonged to her. This about not loving her, physically, bodily, was a mere perversity on his part.16. They were all running, all crying out madly. He could hear them crashing in the undergrowth and on the left was the hot, bright thunder of the fire.17. “I sometimes have a queer feeling with regard to you-----especially when you are near me, as now; it is as if I had a string somewhere under my left ribs, tightly and inextricably knotted to a similar string situated in the corresponding quarter of your little frame.”18. This grew; I gave commands;/ Then all smiles stopped together.19. Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; 20. Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough/ Gleams that untraveled world whose margin fades/ Forever and forever when I move.Part III In this part, you are free to choose Any TWO of the following three literary terms, and define them. (20x2)1. Stream of consciousness2. Conceit3.TranscendentalismPart IV. Choose ONE of the two topics and elaborate your views. (25x1)1. In 1954, William Golding(1911-1993) published his first novel Lord of the Flies after nearly 21 rejections of various publishers. This fiction,since its publication, has been considered as a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition, in terms of human evil and society.Elaborate your view on this novel.2. Eugene O’Neill(1888-1953) was the first American dramatist to regard the stage as a literary medium and the only American playwright ever to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. Through his efforts, the American theatre grew up during the 1920s, developing into a cultural medium that could take its place with the best in American fiction, painting, and music. Elaborate your view on his works.Part V. Read the following two commentaries carefully and choose ONE topic to write out your own ideas in any relationship to the passage. (25x1)1. Poetry, as we have since learnt, has other tasks than that of imparting psychological values to the visible world. Had Wordsworth turned his attention toward these, his genius might not have atrophied so soon. It remains to indicate briefly, in conclusion, what gave Wordsworth his initial direction towards “Nature” as the inevitable raw material for his creative sensibility. Here we met, I think, with two other groups of beliefs current in his age, which may be said to have conditioned his poet ic experience: postulates (‘doctrines-felt-as-facts’) without which his poetry would not have been what it actually is. The first was the product of the deistic tradition of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to which I have already alluded in passing. Ever since the Renaissance the Creation had been steadily gaining in prestige as the ‘art of God,’ the universal divine Scripture which ‘liesexpans’d unto the eyes of all.’ The emotion of the‘numinous,’ formerly associated with super-nature, had become attached to Natureitself; and by the end of the eighteenth century the divinity, the sacredness of nature was, to those affected by this tradition, almost a first datum of consciousness. Wordsworth, then, did not have to construct this belief wholly out of his experience; much of it was given to him. Much the same is true of the second of these fundamental beliefs, the belief in the grandeur and dignity of man, and the holiness of the heart’s affections. This, too, was the products of forces originating (for our purposes) in the Renaissance; it had arisen out of the ruins of the theological view of man. As the ‘Fall’ receded further and further into the region of fable, man was increasingly regarded as a creature not only made in, but retaining, God’s ima ge; and Wordsworth could acknowledge, without misgiving, ‘a grandeur in the beatings of the heart,’ and speak in good faith of ‘man and his noble nature.’ In Wordsworth’s lifetime this humanism had taken a colouring from Rousseau, and the special nobility of man was therefore only to be looked for ‘in huts where poor men lie.’ The ‘higher’ grades of society, in which the culture of the Renaissance had been exclusively fostered, were now “A light, a cruel, and vain world, cut off/From the natural inlets of just sentiment,/From lowly sympathy, and chastening truth.” [From “On Wordsworth and the Locke Tradition” by Basil Willey]2. Poetic influence is a labyrinthine process, and at its deepest is remote from echo and allusion, though it does not exclude them…When Whitman tallies he takes measures of all things, implicitly including the measure of his own poetry. In his very different way, Whitman is as formalist a poet as were our late contemporaries James Merrill and Anthony Hecht, who usefully may be contrasted to the late A. R. Ammons and to John Ashbery, both of them strongly influenced by the poet of Leaves of Grass. Ammons and the versatile Ashbery can be far freer in form than Whitman ever is. The King James Bible is the largest influence upon Whitman’s style, and the Hebrew parallelism breaks through in the strongest of the translators, William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale. There is no single measure to Whitman’s song, just as his huge enlargements transcend all previous notions as to what can constitute materiapoetica. To hold together the vastness of his topics and the fluid dissolves of his tropes Whitman had to discover a master metaphor and found it in the tally, at once his ‘confession sprig’ and his incanted warbles for lilac-time. The Whitmanian t ally is the binding agent for “When Lilacs last in the Door-yard Bloom’d,” the sonorous elegy for the martyred Abraham Lincoln. Together with “As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life,” “Lilacs” is the most formally measured of Whitman’s peoms. I have a passion for “Lilacs,” though the epic “Song of Myself” is certainly the center of the Whitmanian poetic cosmos. Henry and William James, T. S. Eliot(belatedly), and Wallace Stevens all associated “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” with “Lilacs” because there is a clear affinity between the mockingbird’s song and the song of death warbled by the hermit thrush. The boy Whitman first beholds the mockingbird “when the lilac-scent was in the air.” The crucial difference between “Out of Cradle” and “Lilacs” seems to me that the sea in the first poem lisps the low and delicious word death, which becomes the burden of hermit thrush’s song in “Lilacs.” In the earlier poems, the male mockingbirdsings of bereavement but not of death, though that is implied. Why did Whitman choose the word tally for what I judge to be his comprehensive vision of poetic voice? The word has a curious history. It derives from the Latin talea, which means a cutting, rod, or stick, on which you record payments and the sum still owed. In English, it transmuted into the idea of a duplicate or other half. It then became associated with illicit love. To live “tally” was to dwell together without marriage. In time the word expanded to become tally-whacking, tally woman, and tally-wags. [From The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life by Harold Bloom]。
杭州师范大学教育综合考研真题试题2020、2019年
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
杭州师范大学
2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：333
考试科目名称：教育综合
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、名词解释（6小题，每小题5分，共30分）
1.产婆术
2.虚拟教育
3.学校教育制度
4.教育方针
5.教师专业发展
6.学习的高原现象
二、简答题（4小题，每小题10分，共40分）
1.简述基础性课程与拓展性课程的特点以及二者的关系。
2.简述态度与品德的相互关系。
3.简述法国的《费里法案》。
4.简述晏阳初的乡村教育改造经验。
三、分析论述题（4小题，每小题 20分，共80分）
1.结合实际论述你是如何理解新课程所倡导的“自主、合作、探究”的学习方式。
2.有人说“讲授法会导致学生的机械被动的学习”，请运用有关的教育心理学的理论评述这一观点。
3.试论述赫尔巴特的道德教育思想。
4.试论述我国1922年的“新学制”，结合实际谈谈其对今天教育改革的启示。
2020年考试科目代码333 考试科目名称教育综合（本考试科目共2页，第1 页）。
2019浙江杭州师范大学专业基础考研真题
2019浙江杭州师范大学专业基础考研真题专业基础（一）除书法专业的其他考生做第一部分试题，书法专业考生做第二部分试题。
第一部分一、创作构思（凡1题，共105分）创作主题：《晨光》创作要求：根据题目创作与该主题相符的图稿（黑白稿形式），其中草图2幅，完成稿1幅。
（完成于答题纸上，标明附件1-3）提示：草图可用铅笔、木炭铅笔等工具。
完成稿必须用水笔、钢笔等不易涂擦的工具完成。
二、创作体会（凡1题，共45分）根据上述已完成的创作构图谈谈自己的创作构思，以及拟完成该创作准备采用的表现手法，语言风格、尺寸、画种、视觉效果等。
完成1000字左右的短文1篇，题目自拟。
（完成于答题纸上，标明附件4-5）第二部分一、创作构图（凡2题，共105分）1．篆刻创作构图（计2小题，35分，完成于答题纸上，标明附件1）：（1）根据所提供的印文（见下图•左），重新进行印面构图设计，完成印稿1件于答题纸上。
（本小题20分）要求：○1设计的印文内容必须为图片所提供的文字，字法可根据需要自行调整、自主设计。
○2设计稿为阳文，且印风能比较准确地体现赵之谦篆刻风格。
○3设计稿为长方形，长宽比例约为3：2，边长在4—6厘米。
（2）根据所提供的印文（见下图•右），重新进行印面构图设计，完成印稿1件，并完成于答题纸上。
（本小题15分）要求：○1设计的印文内容必须为图片所提供的文字，字法可根据需要自行调整、自主设计。
○2设计稿为白文，且印风为汉印风格。
○3设计稿为正方形，边长在3-6厘米之间。
注：印文线条可以用钢笔、水笔等描成一定的粗细变化，凸显印文风格特征，以符合试题要求。
2．书法创作构图（计2小题，70分，完成于答题纸上，标明附件２、附件３）：根据以下所提供的创作素材内容（文字），遵循具体要求，完成2件书法作品的创作构图（创作小稿）。
要求正确使用繁体字，根据章法需要，可以题款、勾画印位或印文，但题款与印文中均不得透露考生姓名、斋号、别名、地区等反映身份的可查信息，不得做任何与答题无关的标记。
杭州师范大学2020年《825写作》考研专业课真题试卷
杭州师范大学 2020 年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码： 825
考试科目名称：
写作
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、 填空题（每格 1 分，共 10 分） 1.想象的种类分再造想象、创造想象和_________。 2.写作主体的思维能力主要有抽象思维、_________和_________。 3.主题提炼的要求是正确、_________和_________。 4.“花开两朵，各表一枝”属于叙述中的_________。 5.消息的个性和首要特征是_________。 6.深度报道的特征主要包括：选题的重要性、_________、_________和时空的开放性。 7.请示和报告中，可以一文多事的是_________。
二、 简答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分） 1.消息和通讯的区别是什么？ 2.举求：写成议论文，不少于 1000 字。
2020 年 考试科目代码 825 考试科目名称 写作 （本考试科目共 1页，第1 页）
2020浙江杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识考研真题解析版
2020浙江杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识考研真题一、选择题，每小题2分，10小题，共20分（各报考方向必答题）1.“书不尽言，言不尽意”出自______。
A．《尚书》；B．《周易》；C．《论语》；D．《左传》2.伊瑟尔认为，文学文本只是一个不确定的______。
A．填空结构；B.召唤结构；C．对话结构；D．兴味结构3. 1927年、1928年，茅盾创作了《蚀》三部曲，真实地反映了刚刚过去的大革命的历史和正在发生的大革命失败后的社会心理。
这个“三部曲”是指______等三部作品。
A.《幻灭》《动摇》《追求》；B.《腐蚀》《幻灭》《动摇》；C.《幻灭》《腐蚀》《追求》；D.《动摇》《追求》《腐蚀》4.1979年初，______的《关于人性、人道主义、人情味和共同美问题》，是最初提出人性、人道主义等问题的文章，后引发了争论的热潮。
A.王元化；B.周扬；C.胡乔木；D.朱光潜5.汉语拼音声母p的发音特点是：______A 双唇不送气清塞音；B.舌尖前不送气塞擦音；C.舌尖前清擦音；D.双唇送气清塞音6.“搞好菜园子，丰富菜篮子。
”中加点词运用了______的修辞手法。
A.比拟；B.借代；C.夸张；D.双关7．下列说法不正确的一项是:A．普通话音节mā、má、mǎ、mà的不同，主要是由音高的不同变化决定的；B．普通话中不是声母的辅音是ng；C．普通话韵母er中的r既不是元音，也不是辅音，而是表卷舌动作的符号；D．普通话“帘子”“莲子”“链子”中的“子”都是轻声。
8.《诗经•卫风•氓》“氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝”，“布”意指：______A.布匹；B.布币；C.麻布；D.葛布。
9.选出下列作品中不属于讲述崔张爱情故事的作品。
______A．《莺莺传》；B.“董西厢”；C.《西厢记》；D.《东厢记》10.中国古代的目录学将图书典籍分为经、史、子、集四部，“四分法”定型于______A.《汉书•艺文志》；B.《隋书•经籍志》；C.《旧唐书•经籍志》；D.《四库全书总目提要》二、名词解释题，每小题5分，8小题，共40分（文艺学、现当代文学方向，回答1-8题；语言学与应用语言学、汉语言文字学方向，回答9-16题；中国古代文学、中国古典文献学方向，回答17-24题）报考文艺学、现当代文学方向回答以下问题：1.精神生产2.期待视野3.社会历史批评4.审美批评5.文学研究会6.东北作家群7.中国左翼作家联盟8.“汉园三诗人”报考语言学与应用语言学、汉语言文字学方向回答以下问题：9.语义场10.反切11.古音通假12.偏义复词13．《汉语拼音方案》14．《说文解字》15.表意文字16.词类活用报考中国古代文学、中国古典文献学方向回答以下问题：17.《孤儿行》18.清商曲辞19.词“别是一家”20.公安派21.文献22.雕版印刷术23.甲骨文24.乾嘉学派三、简答题，每小题10分，4小题，共40分（文艺学、现当代文学方向，回答1-4题；语言学与应用语言学、汉语言文字学方向，回答5-8题；中国古代文学、中国古典文献学方向，回答9-12题）报考文艺学、现当代文学方向回答以下问题：1.请简要评价关于艺术起源的“巫术说”、“游戏说”或“劳动说”（三选一）2.举例简要阐述何谓“有我之境”或“无我之境”（二选一）3.简论赵树理对中国以说唱文学为基础的传统小说在艺术上的扬弃和改造。
杭州师范大学人文学院814写作历年考研真题专业课考试试题
目 录2014年杭州师范大学人文学院814写作考研真题2013年杭州师范大学人文学院814写作考研真题2012年杭州师范大学人文学院814写作考研真题2011年杭州师范大学人文学院818写作考研真题2010年杭州师范大学人文学院818写作考研真题2009年杭州师范大学人文学院816写作考研真题2008年杭州师范大学人文学院817写作考研真题2007年杭州师范大学人文学院417写作考研真题2014年杭州师范大学人文学院814写作考研真题杭州师范大学2014年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码： 814考试科目名称： 写作说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、填空题(共14空，每空1分，共14分)1．现代写作的特征表现为个体的创造性、实践的操作性和。
2．写作活动主要由四个部分组成：写作主体、写作客体、和写作受体。
3．观察能力具体表现在对观察对象，即自然、社会和人生的注意力、鉴别力和。
4．文章结构要求形式匀称、、节奏分明。
5．语体是指语言在不同体裁文章中形成的体式特征，主要可分为新闻语体、文学语体、理论语体和。
6．第二人称的叙述视角突出的长处在于它的，便于作者挖掘人物的意识，也便于读者探究人物的内心世界。
7．间接抒情主要包括即事抒情、即物抒情、寓情于景和。
8．是以超然的态度、戏谑的口吻表达言外之意的方式，它通常传达与文字表面意义迥然相异的内涵。
9．消息报道中最常见的类型是。
10．人类早期的诗歌与音乐、舞蹈三位一体，这个特征深刻地影响了诗歌文体的和诗歌语言的音乐性的构成。
11．人物、情节和构成完整的小说世界。
12、散文的意象多以为主，不具备诗歌的变形性。
13．文艺作品的审美特征，要求文艺评论一般是。
14．确定一篇学术论文的研究目标、论述对象和有待证明的问题是论文写作的第一步工作，称之为。
二、判断题（共8题，每题2分，共16分）1．写作活动包括由“物”到“感”的内化、由“感”到“思”的意化和由“思”到“文”的外化三个阶段。
2019浙江杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识考研真题
2019浙江杭州师范大学中国语言文学综合知识考研真题一、填空题（每小题2分，共60分）1.文学原始发生的几种学说有：______________说、宗教发生说、______________说、劳动说等。
2.“陌生化”理论的提出者是______________理论学派的______________。
3.文学消费有广义与狭义之分，广义是指______________，狭义则指近代以来文学作品成为一种______________供人们消费、阅读和欣赏。
4.古希腊神话中的“众神之王”是______________，酒神是_____________。
5.英国浪漫主义的先驱是______________和______________。
6.法国启蒙作家伏尔泰的戏剧_____________取材于中国元杂剧___________，表达了文明终将战胜野蛮的观点。
7.现代汉民族共同语是以北京语音为标准音、以______________为基础方言，以典范的______________为语法规范的普通话。
8.短语是由______________上能够搭配的词组合起来的没有______________的语言单位，又叫词组。
9.洋泾浜是______________中产生的一种特殊形式，是当地人没有学好的外语。
10.熟语包括______________、谚语、惯用语和______________，是一种定型化了的固定短语。
11.组合关系和__________是语言系统中的两种根本关系。
12.两个汉字音义相同而字形不同，在任何情况下都可以互相替代的称为______________。
13.是宋代陈彭年等编撰的______________用于规范科举作文用韵与辨音的现存最早最完整的一部韵书。
14.从发音方法看，普通话辅音zh是不送气、清、_________。
15. 根据比喻构成要素的不同，比喻可以分为明喻、暗喻和__________。
杭州师范大学2019考研试题448汉语写作与百科知识
A.司马光B.左丘明
C.司马迁D.班固
3.“孟母三迁”是一个家喻户晓的例子，表明（）对孩子成长的重要性。
A .教育B.环境
C.母亲D.邻居
4.英语里有许多缩略语表示国际组织，WTO表示（）。
A.世界绿色和平组织B.世界卫生组织
C.世界贸易组织D.国际货币基金会
杭州师范大学
2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：448
考试科目名称：汉语写作与百科知识
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
第一部分百科知识（共20题，每题2分，共40分）
每题有四个选项，每题只有一个正确答案。
1.当今世界现存的最大宫殿是（）。
A．爱丽舍宫B.克里姆林宫
C．白宫D.故宫
5.文言文里有很多生动形象的修辞表述，“鱼雁”表示（）。
A.水鸟B.书信
C.大雁D.美女
6.“项庄舞剑，意在沛公”一语出自司马迁《史记》的（）。
A.列传B.世家
C.本纪D.表
7.我国历史上第一部长篇讽刺小说是（）。
A.《水浒传》B.《聊斋志异》
C.《儒林外史》D.《狂人日记》
8.亚洲与非洲的地理分界线是（）。
A.the Supreme Court B.the Congress
C.the Federal Government D.the Cabinet
15.Nathaniel Hawthorne is well-known for ( ).
A.The Scarlet LetterB.Robinson Crusoe
A.林语堂B.胡适
C.梁实秋D.康有为
19.法国启蒙思想家与作家（）花了二十多年主编了《百科全书》。
2020浙江杭州师范大学普通语言学考研真题 (1)
2020浙江杭州师范大学普通语言学考研真题I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. （每小题2分，共20分）1. Writing is the primary medium for all languages.2. We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.3. Only human beings are able to communicate.4. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.5. Morphemes are the units of language that are smaller than words.6. The meaning of a morpheme is called morph.7. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.8. J.R. Firth held the view that “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This view is called conceptualism in semantic theory.9. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.10. Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.II. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with one word.（每小题1分，共30分）1.In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normallycalled ane clause.2. Major lexical categories are o categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.3. Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are v .4. That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c antonyms.5. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and de-contextualized, that of an u_______ is concrete and context-dependent.6. S can be defined as the study of meaning.7. The conceptualist view holds that there is no d link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.8. R means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.9. S features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.10. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called h .11. R opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of arelationship between the two items.12. C analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word canbe divided into meaning components.13. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s restrictions, which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.14. An a is a logical participant in a predication, largely identicalwith the nominal element(s) in a sentence.15. According to the n theory of meaning, the words in a language aretaken to be labels of the objects they stand for.16. What essentially distinguishes s and pragmatics is whether in thestudy of meaning the context of use is considered.17. The notion of c is essential to the pragmatic study of language.18. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u .19. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combinedinto innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termedp .20. C were statements that either state or describe, and were thusverifiable.21. P were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, andwere not verifiable.22. A c is to commit the speaker himself to some future course of action.23. An e is to express feelings or attitude towards an existing state.24. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as"and", "but", "or".25. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expectedto observe is called the C Principle proposed by J. Grice.26. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k of the rulesof his language.27. Langue refers to the a linguistic system shared by all the membersof a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions andapplication of the rules.28. D is one of the design features of human language which refers tothe phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaninglessindividual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.29. A s may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedesthe predicate.30. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words intopermissible sentences in languages is called s .III. Explain the following terms. （每小题4分，共40分）1. sociolinguistics2. arbitrariness3. displacement4. performance5. allophone6. affix7. D-structure8. sense9. predication10. pragmaticsIV. Short answer questions. （每小题15分，共60分）1. What characteristics of language do you think should be included in a good, comprehensive definition of language?2. How are the English consonants differentiated?3. What is indirect language use? How is it explained in the light of speech act theory?4. In what ways are these expressions structurally ambiguous?(a) We met an English history teacher.(b) Flying planes can be dangerous.。
杭州师范大学写作考研真题试题2008—2012、2017—2019年
杭州师范大学2008年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：817考试科目名称：写作说明：1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整；2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框；3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负；4、作文不要用颜色太淡的笔，要求字迹清楚。
一、判断题（10分，每小题2分。
在答题纸上先标明题号，然后依序在题号后面打“√”或“×”）1．白描是指对被描写的对象轻描淡写，表现其大致轮廓即可。
2．对文章的开头、正文和结尾的要求，古人分别比喻为“凤头”、“牛肚”和豹尾。
3．修改文章从内容方面说，应该从主题和材料两方面进行修改。
4．新闻有广义和狭义之分，狭义的新闻是指消息。
5．散文的特点是“形散神不散”，“形散”是指结构松散，“神不散”是指主题集中。
2008年考试科目代码817 考试科目名称写作（本考试科目共2 页本页第1 页）二、下面一段话中有五个错别字，二个病句和两处标点不当（20分，其中修改病句每小题3分，其余每小题2分。
在答题纸上标明题号，依序抄下错别字、病句和用错标点的句子，分别在后面写出正确答案）我国近年来文学创作繁荣，成绩令人可喜，但也有不少作品进入了创作的误区。
一是有些作者以性描写代替丰富的儿女爱情的描写，他们认为只有性才代表人类的生命本质，因而只有写性才能深刻地表现人和人性。
实际上正如马克思所指出的：“人性是历史地发展的”。
虽然性是人的生命的表现，但人在历史的发展中已使自己的本质成为“一切关系的总和”，从而多方面，多层次化了。
既使性的行为，也已脱离动物性，而与人类历史发展所不断培育的文化素养和优美情感相结合。
这就是人们为什么赞美《西厢记》的性描写而不耻《金瓶梅》的性描写的缘故。
二是脱离历史常识，缺乏时代认识高度的胡编乱造的作品仍然屡见不鲜。
许多神魔小说和新武侠小说的作者滥用想象，作品内容荒涎不经，毫无思想和艺术的价值。
三是在市场经济追求利润的导引下，许多作者为满足市场的娱乐需求，急功近利，粗制滥造的浮燥情绪仍在滋长，文学创作的数量虽然巨大，但是具有深切生活体验而又艺术精斟的作品却不多。
杭州师范大学写作(一)考研真题试题2020、2019年
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
杭州师范大学
2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：829
考试科目名称：写作（一）
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
第一题中文写作（共75分）
钱钟书在《谈艺录》的序言中说：“东海西海，心理攸同；南学北学，道术未裂。
”但法国学者巴登斯贝格却说:“有人说:‘比较文学!’文学比较! 这是毫无意义又毫无价值的吵闹! 我们懂得，它只不过是在那些隐约相似的作品或人物之间进行对比的故弄玄虚的游戏罢了。
”关于不同文明的文学间的可比性争论持续至今。
你的观点如何？请撰写一篇不少于600字的中文文章，阐述你的立场。
第二题第二语言写作（共75分）
请用你的第二语言（非汉语）, 以“一件小事”为题，写一篇不少于400字的文章来阐述这件小事以及这件小事透出的不小的意义。
2020年考试科目代码829 考试科目名称写作（一）（本考试科目共1页，第1 页）。
杭州师范大学写作(一)2017—2020年考研真题
2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：829考试科目名称：写作（一）说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
第一题中文写作（共75分）钱钟书在《谈艺录》的序言中说：“东海西海，心理攸同；南学北学，道术未裂。
”但法国学者巴登斯贝格却说:“有人说:‘比较文学!’文学比较! 这是毫无意义又毫无价值的吵闹! 我们懂得，它只不过是在那些隐约相似的作品或人物之间进行对比的故弄玄虚的游戏罢了。
”关于不同文明的文学间的可比性争论持续至今。
你的观点如何？请撰写一篇不少于600字的中文文章，阐述你的立场。
第二题第二语言写作（共75分）请用你的第二语言（非汉语）, 以“一件小事”为题，写一篇不少于400字的文章来阐述这件小事以及这件小事透出的不小的意义。
2019年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：832考试科目名称：写作（一）说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
第一题中文写作（共75分）卡夫卡文学奖得主阎连科说，很多作家认为故乡是回不去的地方，然而他却认为，故乡时时刻刻都和他在一起，故乡塑造了他的记忆，也造就了他这样一名作家。
你更认同哪一种观点？为什么？请撰写一篇不少于600字的中文文章，阐述以上问题。
第二题第二语言写作（共75分）文学可以宽泛地划分为小说、诗歌和戏剧三种形式，你最喜欢哪一种？为什么？请用你的第二语言（非汉语）写一篇不少于400字的文章来阐述以上问题。
杭州师范大学2018年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：863考试科目名称：写作（一）说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
第一题中文写作（共75分） 很多经典的文学作品存在“续写经典”或“重写经典”的现象。
比如，英国作家丹尼尔·笛福的小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe，1719）被很多作家续写、重写，其中比较知名的有法国作家米歇尔·图尔尼埃的小说《礼拜五——太平洋上的灵薄狱》（Friday, 1967）、2003年诺贝尔文学得主南非作家库切的小说《福》（Foe, 1986）等。
杭州师范大学2020年《850创意写作》考研专业课真题试卷
报道称，虽然该计划还没有出台时间表，但北京希望，它可以在 2030 年或不久后让中国宇航员登 上月球，其目标是探索月球的两极。
报道称，本周一个视频的解说者描述有关计划时宣布，未来中国将探索月球两极并建造一个科学 研究站，这个月球站将拥有多个相互联系的舱室。它的主要能源将是太阳能。在不太遥远的未来，相信 中国人居住在月宫的梦想将会成真。
请以这则新闻报道为背景，通过构思、想像和人物塑造，创作一个 1500 字左右的微电影剧本。
2020 年 考试科目代码 850 考试科目名称 创意写作 （本考试科目共 1页，第1 页）
Hale Waihona Puke 杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
杭州师范大学 2020 年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码： 850 考试科目名称： 创意写作
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、微小说创作（45 分） 关键词：自行车 海 贝雷帽 请以上述三个词语为故事主干内容，即兴创作一则 300 字内的微小说。 二、剧本创作（105 分）
2020浙江杭州师范大学英语文学基础考研真题
2020浙江杭州师范大学英语文学基础考研真题Part I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20x2)1. About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the worldly life.C. They couldn't see the importance of worldly happiness.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without any freedomand independence.2. Which of the following is not John Milton’s works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. The Pilgrim’s Progress3. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels gives a n unparalleled_____ depiction of the vices of his age.A. religiousB. romanticC. satiricalD. comic4. William Blake’s Songs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholy tone.A. misery, poverty, disease, war and repressionB. happiness and love and romantic idealsC. misery, poverty mixed with love and happinessD. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferings5. Through his poems, Byron created the “Byronic hero” who is _____.A. a brave and stubborn rebel figure of noble originB. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble originC. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of lower originD. a brilliant, independent and romantic figure of his time6. Which of the following can’t be included in the critical realists of the Victorian Period?A. Charlotte and Emily BronteB. Charles Dickens and William M. ThackerayC. Thomas Hardy and George EliotD. D. H. Laurence and James Joyce7. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the______ of art and the____ of human passion.A. glory，uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience，sordidnessD. glory，permanence8. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of _____.A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John KeatsD. John Bunyan9. In The Pilgrim’s Progress Christian and Faithful come to the ______where bothare arrested as alien agitators and tried.A. Vanity FairB. Doubting CastleC. Celestial CityD. The Valley of Humiliation10. Of the following poets, who is not regarded as “lake poet”?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. John Keats11. ________, a Gothic novel written by Mary Shelley, is one of the triumphs of the Romantic movement due to its theme of alienation and its warning about the destructive power that can result when human activity is unfettered by moral and social concerns.A. WaverleyB. EndymionC. Joan of ArcD. Frankenstein12. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true?A. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and rationality.B. In most of the writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.C. There were a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.D. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.13. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the___.A. revolutionismB. reasonC. individualismD. rationalism14. Although realism and naturalism were products of the 19th century, their final triumph came in the 20th century, with the popular and critical successes of such writers as Edwin Arlington, William Cather, Robert Frost, William Faulkner and_____.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Sherwood AndersonC. Washington IrvingD. Ralph Ellison15. ____, one of the essays in The Sacred Wood, is the earliest statement of T.S. Eliot’s aesthetics, which provided a useful instrument for modern criticism. A. “Tradition and Individual Talent” B. “Sweeny Agonistes”C. “A Primer of Modern Heresy”D. “Gerention”16. The three poets Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and ____ opened the way to modern poetry.A. O. HenryB. Henry David ThoreauC. E.E. CummingsD. Robert Frost17. Which writer best expressed the Puritan sense of the self?A. Jonathan EdwardsB. Cotton MatherC. John SmithD. Thomas Hooker18. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. WaldenB. NatureC. “On Beauty”D. “S elf-Reliance”19. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence” in the history of American Literature?A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men20. Imagism was equivalent to ___ in fiction in a sense. Imagist never stated theemotion in the poem, but just presented an image: concrete, firm and definite in picture.A. modernismB. romanticismC. naturalismD. surrealismPart II Identify the source of each of the following quotation and write out the TITLE of which the passage comes from.(20x1)1. Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth/Inspired hath in every holt and heeth/The tender croppes, and the Yonge sonne/Hath in the Ram his half coursy ronne,2. The quality of mercy is not strained;/It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven/ Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest:3. If they be two, they are two so/As stiff twin compasses are two:/Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show/To move, but doth if th’other do;4. All is not lost-----the unconquerable will,/ And study of revenge, immoral hate,/And courage never to submit or yield:5. These people are most excellent mathematicians, and arrived to a great perfection in mechanics by the countenance and encouragement of the Emperor, who is a renowned patron of learning.6. True wit is Nature to advantage dressed,/What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed;7. So here have I lived above sixteen years in virtue and reputation; and all at once, when I come to know what is good, and what is evil, I must renounce all the good, all the whole sixteen years’ innocence, which, next to God’s grace, I owed chiefly to my parents and to my lady’s lessons and example.8. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,/So deep in luve am I;/ And I will luve thee still, my dear,/ Till a’ the seas gang dry.9. No Nightingale did ever chaunt/ More welcome notes to weary bands/ Of travelers in some shady haunt,/ Among Arabian sands:10. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.11. Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/ Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!12. He listened. The wind, playing upon the edifice, produced a booming tune, like the note of some gigantic harp.13. What a handsome little Oriental he was, and no doubt his wife and children were beautiful too, for people usually get what they already possess.14. This train of thought, she perceives, is threatening mere waste of energy, even some collision with reality, for who will ever be able to lift a finger against Whitaker’s Table of Precedency?15. He hated her bitterly at that moment because he made her suffer. Love her! She knew he loved her. He really belonged to her. This about not loving her, physically, bodily, was a mere perversity on his part.16. They were all running, all crying out madly. He could hear them crashing in the undergrowth and on the left was the hot, bright thunder of the fire.17. “I sometimes have a queer feeling with regard to you-----especially when you are near me, as now; it is as if I had a string somewhere under my left ribs, tightly and inextricably knotted to a similar string situated in the corresponding quarter of your little frame.”18. This grew; I gave commands;/ Then all smiles stopped together.19. Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; 20. Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough/ Gleams that untraveled world whose margin fades/ Forever and forever when I move.Part III In this part, you are free to choose Any TWO of the following three literary terms, and define them. (20x2)1. Stream of consciousness2. Conceit3.TranscendentalismPart IV. Choose ONE of the two topics and elaborate your views. (25x1)1. In 1954, William Golding(1911-1993) published his first novel Lord of the Flies after nearly 21 rejections of various publishers. This fiction,since its publication, has been considered as a dystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition, in terms of human evil and society.Elaborate your view on this novel.2. Eugene O’Neill(1888-1953) was the first American dramatist to regard the stage as a literary medium and the only American playwright ever to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. Through his efforts, the American theatre grew up during the 1920s, developing into a cultural medium that could take its place with the best in American fiction, painting, and music. Elaborate your view on his works.Part V. Read the following two commentaries carefully and choose ONE topic to write out your own ideas in any relationship to the passage. (25x1)1. Poetry, as we have since learnt, has other tasks than that of imparting psychological values to the visible world. Had Wordsworth turned his attention toward these, his genius might not have atrophied so soon. It remains to indicate briefly, in conclusion, what gave Wordsworth his initial direction towards “Nature” as the inevitable raw material for his creative sensibility. Here we met, I think, with two other groups of beliefs current in his age, which may be said to have conditioned his poetic experi ence: postulates (‘doctrines-felt-as-facts’) without which his poetry would not have been what it actually is. The first was the product of the deistic tradition of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to which I have already alluded in passing. Ever since the Renaissance the Creation had been steadily gaining in prestige as the ‘art of God,’ the universal divine Scripture which ‘liesexpans’d unto the eyes of all.’ The emotion of the‘numinous,’ formerly associated with super-nature, had become attached to Natureitself; and by the end of the eighteenth century the divinity, the sacredness of nature was, to those affected by this tradition, almost a first datum of consciousness. Wordsworth, then, did not have to construct this belief wholly out of his experience; much of it was given to him. Much the same is true of the second of these fundamental beliefs, the belief in the grandeur and dignity of man, and the holiness of the heart’s affections. This, too, was the products of forces originating (for our purposes) in the Renaissance; it had arisen out of the ruins of the theological view of man. As the ‘Fall’ receded further and further into the region of fable, man was increasingly regarded as a creature not only made in, but retaining, God’s image; and W ordsworth could acknowledge, without misgiving, ‘a grandeur in the beatings of the heart,’ and speak in good faith of ‘man and his noble nature.’ In Wordsworth’s lifetime this humanism had taken a colouring from Rousseau, and the special nobility of man was therefore only to be looked for ‘in huts where poor men lie.’ The ‘higher’ grades of society, in which the culture of the Renaissance had been exclusively fostered, were now “A light, a cruel, and vain world, cut off/From the natural inlets of just sentiment,/From lowly sympathy, and chastening truth.” [From “On Wordsworth and the Locke Tradition” by Basil Willey]2. Poetic influence is a labyrinthine process, and at its deepest is remote from echo and allusion, though it does not exclude them…When Whi tman tallies he takes measures of all things, implicitly including the measure of his own poetry. In his very different way, Whitman is as formalist a poet as were our late contemporaries James Merrill and Anthony Hecht, who usefully may be contrasted to the late A. R. Ammons and to John Ashbery, both of them strongly influenced by the poet of Leaves of Grass. Ammons and the versatile Ashbery can be far freer in form than Whitman ever is. The King James Bible is the largest influence upon Whitman’s style, a nd the Hebrew parallelism breaks through in the strongest of the translators, William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale. There is no single measure to Whitman’s song, just as his huge enlargements transcend all previous notions as to what can constitute materiapoetica. To hold together the vastness of his topics and the fluid dissolves of his tropes Whitman had to discover a master metaphor and found it in the tally, at once his ‘confession sprig’ and his incanted warbles for lilac-time. The Whitmanian tally is t he binding agent for “When Lilacs last in the Door-yard Bloom’d,” the sonorous elegy for the martyred Abraham Lincoln. Together with “As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life,” “Lilacs” is the most formally measured of Whitman’s peoms. I have a passion for “Lilacs,” though the epic “Song of Myself” is certainly the center of the Whitmanian poetic cosmos. Henry and William James, T. S. Eliot(belatedly), and W allace Stevens all associated “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” with “Lilacs” because there is a clear affinity between the mockingbird’s song and the song of death warbled by the hermit thrush. The boy Whitman first beholds the mockingbird “when the l ilac-scent was in the air.” The crucial difference between “Out of Cradle” and “Lilacs” seems to me that the sea in the first poem lisps the low and delicious word death, which becomes the burden of hermit thrush’s song in “Lilacs.” In the earlier poems, t he male mockingbirdsings of bereavement but not of death, though that is implied. Why did Whitman choose the word tally for what I judge to be his comprehensive vision of poetic voice? The word has a curious history. It derives from the Latin talea, which means a cutting, rod, or stick, on which you record payments and the sum still owed. In English, it transmuted into the idea of a duplicate or other half. It then became associated with illicit love. To live “tally” was to dwell together without marriage.In time the word expanded to become tally-whacking, tally woman, and tally-wags. [From The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life by Harold Bloom]。
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杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
杭州师范大学
2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题
考试科目代码：825
考试科目名称：写作
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、填空题（每格1分，共10分）
1.想象的种类分再造想象、创造想象和_________。
2.写作主体的思维能力主要有抽象思维、_________和_________。
3.主题提炼的要求是正确、_________和_________。
4.“花开两朵，各表一枝”属于叙述中的_________。
5.消息的个性和首要特征是_________。
6.深度报道的特征主要包括：选题的重要性、_________、_________和时空的开放性。
7.请示和报告中，可以一文多事的是_________。
二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）
1.消息和通讯的区别是什么？
2.举例简析散文的审美特征。
三、作文（120分）
题目：日常生活的诗意
要求：写成议论文，不少于1000字。
2020年考试科目代码825 考试科目名称写作（本考试科目共1页，第1 页）。