力学专业英语考试重点
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力学专业英语考试重点整理一、单词:英译汉、汉译英
Centroid 质心,形心Elasticity 弹力,弹性Linear 线性的,直线的Prismatic 棱镜的,棱柱形的Strain 应变
Stress 应力
Tension 张力,拉力,拉紧Alloy 合金
Aluminium 铝
Ductile 易延展的,韧性的Failure 失败,破坏,失效Lateral 侧面的,横向的Necking 颈缩Couple 力偶
Cylinder 圆筒,圆筒状物
Inertia 惯性,惯量,惰性
Shaft 轴,杆状物
Torsion 扭矩
Cantilever 悬臂梁,伸臂
Neutral 中性的
Statics 静力学,静止状态,静态Symmetry 对称
Transverse 横向的,横断的Astronomer 天文学家
Galaxy 天河,银河,星系
Planet 行星
Collinear 共线的,在同一直线上的Dimension 尺寸,大小,维数Equate 使相等,等同
Parameter 参量,参数
Visualize 想象,形象化,使看得见Acceleration 加速度
Dynamics 动力学
Stationary 不动的,稳定的,定常的Vector 矢量
Velocity 速度
Angular 角的,角度的
Coordinate 坐标
Radian 弧度
Shaft 轴
Symbol 符号
Conservation 守恒,保存Differentiation 微分Integration 积分,集成,一体化Interval 间隔,间隙,空隙Linear 直线的,线性的,一次的Moment 力矩,瞬间,片刻
Vector 矢量
Velocity 速度
Derivative 导数,派生的Frequency 频率
Friction 摩擦
Magnitude 大小,量级
Power 力量,乘方,幂
Viscous 黏性的
Continuum 连续体,连续统Rectangular 矩形的,成直角的Resultant 合成的,合力,合量Torque 扭转力,扭矩Dilatation 膨胀,扩张
Distortion 扭曲,变形Isotropic 各向同性的
Tensor 张量
Coordinate 坐标
Crack 裂缝
Curvature 曲率
Ellipse 椭圆
Formula 公式
Function 函数,功能
Buckle 屈曲,皱曲,弄弯,翘曲Deflection 挠曲,偏向Wrinkle 皱纹,皱褶,起皱
Factor 因数,系数
Flexural 弯曲的,挠曲的
Notch 缺口,凹槽,刻痕
Vibrate 振动(v)
Vibration 振动(n)
Detector 发现者,侦察器,探测器,检波器
Vacuum 真空,空间,真空的,产生真空的
Other than 除了
二、句子:英译汉
1、The concepts of stress and strain can be illustrated in an elementary way by considering the extension of a prismatic bar. As shown in Fig. 1, a prismatic bar is one that has constant cross section throughout its length and a straight axis. In this illustration the bar is assumed to be loaded at its ends by axial forces P that produce a uniform stretching, or tension, of the bar.
翻译:应力和应变的概念可以通过考虑一个棱柱形杆的拉伸这样一个简单的方式来说明。
一个棱柱形的杆是一个遍及它的长度方向和直轴都是恒定的横截面。在这个实例中,假设在杆的两端施加有轴向力F,并且在杆上产生了均匀的伸长或者拉紧。
2、By making an artificial cut (section mm) through the bar at right angles to its axis, we can isolate part of the bar as a free body [see Fig. 1(b)]. At the left-hand end the tensile force P is applied, and at the other end there are forces representing the action of the removed portion of the bar upon the part that remains. These forces will be continuously distributed over the cross section, analogous to the continuous distribution of hydrostatic pressure over a submerged surface.
翻译:通过在杆上人工分割出一个垂直于其轴的截面mm,我们可以分离出杆的部分作为自由体【如图1(b)】。在左端施加有拉力P,在另一个端有一个代表杆上被移除部分作用在仍然保存的那部分的力。这些力是连续分布在横截面的,类似于静水压力在被淹没表面的连续分布。
3、We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our minds to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. We talk about ‘up’ and ‘down’ , but we know that what is ‘down’ for us is ‘up’ for someone else on the other side of the world. We can feel that things are heavy, and we often think of ‘weight’as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.
翻译:我们是如此熟悉在地球表面上的生活,以至于需要很努力才能从心理打破我们认为理所当然的观点。我们谈论“上”和“下”,但是我们知道对于我们来说是“上”,