组织机构代码证英文翻译
组织机构代码证翻译
FromxxxxToxxxx
年检记录
AnnualCheck-upsRecord
颁发单位
Conferredby
上海市质量技术监督局
AdministrationforQualityandTechnology
SupervisionofShanghai
年月日
YY/MM/DD
企业法人
Enterpriselegalperson
5.组织机构依法注销、撤销时，应向原发证籍贯办理注销登记。并交回
全部代码证。
Whenanorganizationiscancelledorannulled,cancellationforregistrationshallbemadewiththeoriginalissuingauthority,andthecodecertificateshallberecalled.
地址
Address
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局签章
TheOfficialStampofGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthePeople’sRepublicofChina
有效期
Effectiveperiod
Nameoforganization
4.各组织机构应当按有关规定，接受发证机关的年度检验。
Anyorganizationsshallfollowrelevantregulationstoacceptannualinspectionmadebyissuingauthority.
机构类型Typeoforganization
吉林大学组织机构代码证翻译件
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINAORGANIZATION CODE CERTIFICATE(duplicate)Code: 42788107-0Name of organization: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesThe Original document is only used to personal abroad for public business, Duplication inefficacy (seal)Type of organization: Undertaking legal person: He XingyuanAddress: Weishan Road 3195#, Gaoxin technology and industrial District, Changchun City, Jilin Province.Term of validity: From 30th March, 2012 to 31st March, 2013Issuing authority:National Administration for Code Allocation to OrganizationsRegistration No.: ZDG100000-069138-1Remarksanization code of the People’s Republic of China is the sole and unchan ged legal code mark for an organization in the territory of the People's Republic of China. The Code Certificate is the certificate for an organization's legal code mark, made in original and duplicate.2.The certificate shall not be rented, lent, infringed, transferred, forged, modified, or illegally transacted.3.If the registration items in the certificate incur change, change for registration shall be applied with issuing authority.4.Any organization shall follow relevant regulations to accept annual inspection made by issuing authority.5.When an organization is cancelled or annulled, cancellation for registration shall be made with the original issuing authority, and the code certificate shall be recalled.The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (seal)Annual inspection recordNO. 2012 0000138。
工商登记信息 英语
工商登记信息英语工商登记信息是企业在法律上合法注册的重要证明。
它包括企业名称、类型、注册地址、法定代表人、股东信息、经营范围、营业执照等基本信息。
在经济全球化的今天，工商登记信息的英文翻译也变得越来越重要。
下面是一些关于工商登记信息的英语表达：1. 企业名称：Enterprise name2. 企业类型：Enterprise type3. 注册地址：Registered address4. 法定代表人：Legal representative5. 股东信息：Shareholder information6. 经营范围：Business scope7. 营业执照：Business license8. 税务登记证：Tax registration certificate9. 组织机构代码证：Organization code certificate10. 社会信用代码证：Social credit code certificate11. 注册资本：Registered capital12. 成立日期：Date of establishment13. 营业期限：Business term14. 经营状态：Business status15. 经营地址：Business address16. 主营业务：Main business17. 行业分类：Industry classification18. 联系电话：Contact phone number19. 电子邮箱：Email address20. 网站地址：Website URL以上是一些常用的工商登记信息的英语表达，希望对你有所帮助。
CNAS认可项准备材料
CNAS认可项准备材料CNAS是中国合格评定国家认可委员会的英文缩写，负责对实验室、检测机构和认证机构进行认可评定。
作为申请者，你需要准备以下材料来申请CNAS认可。
准备材料：2.组织机构代码证：组织机构代码是工商行政管理部门颁发的机构标识证书，用于证明机构的合法性和身份。
申请者需要提供有效的组织机构代码证原件和复印件。
3.实验室或检测机构的管理文件：包括质量手册、程序文件、技术文件等。
这些文件需要详细说明实验室或检测机构的管理体系、工作流程、技术规范等内容。
4.技术人员培训和评价记录：提供技术人员的培训和评价记录，包括培训计划、培训材料、培训记录、评价报告等。
这些记录能够证明技术人员具备相关专业知识和技能。
5.实验室或检测设备的准确性和可靠性验证报告：提供对实验室或检测设备进行准确性和可靠性验证的报告。
这些报告能够证明设备的准确性和稳定性，确保测试结果的准确性。
6.外部质量控制记录：提供外部质量控制活动的记录，包括参与的质量控制项目、测试结果和评价报告。
这些记录能够证明实验室或检测机构的测试结果的准确性和可靠性。
7.验证报告和评估报告：提供实验室或检测机构进行验证和评估的报告，包括组织的内部验证和外部评估。
这些报告能够证明实验室或检测机构的能力和资质。
8.实验室或检测机构的质量保证体系文件：提供实验室或检测机构的质量保证体系文件，包括质量手册、程序文件、工作指导文件等。
这些文件能够证明实验室或检测机构的质量管理水平。
9.其他支持文件：根据实际情况，申请者还可以准备其他支持文件，比如认可证书、客户满意度调查报告、技术报告等，以提供更全面的信息。
注意事项：1.提供的材料必须是原件或经过合法授权的复印件，并附有翻译件（如果是外文）。
2.所有材料必须按照CNAS的要求进行整理和分类。
3.确保所提供的材料真实、准确、完整，不得提供虚假信息。
4.及时更新和完善所提供的材料，确保其符合CNAS的要求。
总结：申请CNAS认可需要准备一系列的材料，包括申请表格、组织机构代码证、管理文件、技术人员培训和评价记录、设备验证报告、质量控制记录、验证和评估报告、质量保证体系文件等。
常用术语翻译规范
常用证照翻译一、工商局所涉证照企业名称预先核准通知书The notification on pre-verification of the name of the enterprise营业执照Business License财政登记证Foreign-invested Enterprises Finance Registration Certificate统计证Beijing Statistical Registration Certificate食品流通许可证Food Circulation License二、商务委所涉证照批复Official reply批准证书Certificate of Approval酒类流通备案登记表Alcohol Circulation Registration Form对外贸易经营者备案登记表Record Registration Form of Foreign Trade Operator 代表处登记证Registration certificate of resident representative office of foreign (region)enterprise in China三、其他组织机构代码证Organization Code License of the P eople’s Republic of China税务登记证Tax Registration Certificate银行开户许可证Bank Account License外商投资企业备案登记表Foreign Investment Enterprise Registration Form自理报检Registration Certificate for Self-declaration Inspection Units海关进出口货物收发货人报关注册登记证书Customs of the People’s Republic of China Registration Certificate of Consignee or Consignor of Import and Export Goods各政府部门翻译北京市工商行政管理局Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce北京市国家税务局Beijing Municipal office, State Administration of Taxation北京市地方税务局Beijing Local Taxation Bureau北京市商务委员会Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce北京市朝阳商务委员会Beijing Chaoyang District Commission of Commerce 国家外汇管理局北京外汇管理部Beijing Office of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange北京市财政局Beijing Municipal Bureau of Finance国家质量监督检验检疫总局General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China北京市质量技术监督局Beijing Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 北京市公安局Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau北京市出入境检验检疫局Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau。
组织机构代码证英文模板
组织机构代码证英文模板Organization Code CertificateOrganization Code: [Enter the organization code here]Name of the Organization: [Enter the name of the organization here]Registered Address: [Enter the registered address of the organization here]Scope of Business: [Enter the scope of business of the organization here]Legal Representative: [Enter the name of the legal representative of the organization here]Issuing Authority: [Enter the name of the issuing authority here]Date of Issuance: [Enter the date of issuance of the certificate here]Validity Period: [Enter the validity period of the certificate here]Certificate Number: [Enter the certificate number here]This organization code certificate certifies that the organization mentioned above has been duly registered and is authorized to conduct business activities within the specifiedscope mentioned in the certificate. The organization has met all the relevant legal requirements and regulations governing its operation.The organization code is a unique identifier assigned to every legally registered organization in [Country/Region]. It is used by various government agencies, financial institutions, and business partners to identify and verify the organization'slegal status and reliability.The registered address provided by the organization is the official place of business where it carries out its operations. It serves as the primary contact point for any legal, financial, or administrative matters concerning the organization.The legal representative mentioned in this certificate is the individual who has been designated to represent the organization in legal matters and act on its behalf. The legal representative holds the authority to make decisions and enter into agreements on behalf of the organization.The certificate number provided in this document serves as a unique identifier for this certificate. It can be used to verify the authenticity and validity of the certificate by relevant authorities, business partners, and other interested parties.。
办理国外签证需要准备的资料翻译
需要准备的资料如下:Need prepare the following information:1.公司聘用外国人就业登记手册原件1. The company hire foreigner employment registration handbook：original2.公司营业执照副本原件和复印件6份2. The copy of business license: originals and copies 6copies3.公司组织机构代码证原件和复印件6份3. The company organization code certificate: originals and copies 6 copies4.就业者外国人护照原件4. Employed foreigner passport: original5.就业者外国人之外国人就业证原件5. Foreigner employment permit: original6.就业者家属外国人护照原件6. The employed f amily members’ foreigner passport: original7.家属于外国人的关系证明原件(经中国大使馆认证的)7. The proof prove the relationship between family and foreigner: Original(Certified by the Chinese Embassy)8.所有人员的派出所的境外人员临时住宿登记表(包括家属的,现在最近最新办的)8. The police station’s temporary accommodation registration form for all overseas personnel (include family, latest registration)9.所有人员的相片(2寸,蓝底)9.All personnel photos(2 inches, the blue)10.外国人劳动合同原件3份10. Foreigners labor contract:3 originals。
组织机构代码证
组织机构代码证组织机构代码证是一种标识企事业单位组织机构及其法人或非法人单位的证照，它由国家质量监督检验检疫总局颁发，对组织机构的合法性、真实性和准确性进行认证。
组织机构代码证的具体内容包括组织机构代码、单位名称、公司类型、住所、法定代表人等重要信息。
一、组织机构代码证的定义和作用组织机构代码证是组织机构代码管理机关颁发给企事业单位的一种有效法定证照。
组织机构代码是在国家质量监督检验检疫总局组织机构代码管理中心统一编制和管理的。
组织机构代码证的作用主要有以下几个方面：1.确认法律地位：组织机构代码证是一个单位法定地位的确认。
通过这个证书，可以证明一个单位是企事业单位，也可以确定该单位是否存在合法地位。
2.提供便利条件：组织机构代码证可以为各类单位提供便利条件，比如办理信贷、缴纳税费、申请信用证等，在经济活动中具有非常重要的作用和意义。
3.规范市场秩序：组织机构代码证在市场经济中起到规范市场秩序的作用，使市场主体的身份和经济活动规范有据可查，有助于营造公平竞争、有序经营的市场环境。
二、如何申请组织机构代码证申请组织机构代码证需要按照相关规定和程序进行。
具体流程如下：1.审批申请：申请人应向组织机构代码管理机关提交书面申请，申请材料包括组织机构代码管理机关规定的表格和证明文件等。
2.审核核准：组织机构代码管理机关对申请材料进行审核和核准，确保申请单位的合法性和真实性。
3.领取证照：通过审核的申请人可到组织机构代码管理机关办理领取证照手续，得到组织机构代码证。
三、组织机构代码证的信息内容组织机构代码证的信息内容包括以下几个方面：1.组织机构代码：由国家质量监督检验检疫总局组织机构代码管理中心统一编制和管理的，是一个单位的唯一标识符号。
2.单位名称：包括单位的中文名称和英文名称，是单位的命名和注册登记的名称。
3.公司类型：指单位的公司性质和类型，比如股份有限公司、有限责任公司、合伙企业等。
4.住所：单位的办公地址和联系地址，通常是企事业单位的注册地址。
建筑行业资质翻译
1. Special equipment installation&
炉）
maintenance license (Boiler)
2.特种设备安装改造维修许可证（起重
2. Special equipment installation&
机械）
maintenance license (Hoisting machinery)
SPL [2004] GY0000012)
5.分包交易服务卡（第FTTJ71—2011
5. Subcontracting transaction service card
号）
(No.FTTJ713-2011)
6•信用等级证书（信用等级为AAA）
6. Credit rating certificate
system designer
10.B-level qualification as general contractor
of petrochemical plant ruction
11.A--level qualification of fountain
landscape engineering design and
在领导层中推行11条理念
11 ideas among leadership
6 ideas among staff
在职工中推行6条理念
25 ideas in management
在经营管理中推行25条理念
践行科学发展观，提出了6条理念
6 ideas for the implementation of Scientific
enterprise entry in Sino-Singapore Tianjin
怎样向税务局申请稀土行业归类申请书范本
怎样向税务局申请稀土行业归类申请书范本To apply for a rare earth industry classification application form from the tax bureau, you can follow these steps:First, gather the required documents:1. Business registration certificate: This document proves your legal entity or company status.2. Industrial and commercial register: This provides information about your company's business activities.3. Organization code certificate: This certifies your unique identification number.4. Tax registration certificate: This shows that you are registered with the tax authorities.5. Financial statements: These should include balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements for the past year.Next, write a cover letter explaining your request:In this letter, clearly state that you are applying for a rare earth industry classification application form. Include your company name, address, contact details, and taxpayer identification number (TIN). Briefly explain the nature of your business and why you require this specific classification.Afterwards, fill out the application form:The application form can be obtained from the local tax bureau's website or office. Fill in all required fields accurately and honestly. Make sure to provide details about your company's operations and specify that it falls under the rare earth industry category.Attach supporting documents:Compile all relevant documents mentioned earlier along with your completed application form. Create copies of each document and ensure that they are organized neatly.Submit the application to the tax bureau:Visit the local tax bureau office in person or send all required documents via registered mail to their designated address. Remember to keep a copy of everything submitted for reference purposes.Wait for review and approval:Once submitted, it usually takes some time for the tax bureau to review and process your application. Be prepared for any potential requests for additional information or clarification during this period.Follow up if necessary:If there is no response within a reasonable time frame (usually stated on their website or in written instructions), don't hesitate to call or visit the tax bureau directly to inquire about the status of your application.In conclusion:Applying for a rare earth industry classificationapplication form from the tax bureau requires careful preparation and attention to detail. Make sure to gatherall required documents, write a clear cover letter, fillout the application accurately, and submit everything on time. Patience is key while waiting for a response, butdon't hesitate to reach out for any necessary follow-up. Good luck with your application!中文翻译：要向税务局申请稀土行业归类申请书范本，您可以按照以下步骤进行操作：收集所需文件：1. 工商注册证：此文件证明您的法人实体或公司地位。
办证中国工作签证全流程中英文-Immigration Check list
外籍办证申请文件清单检查Check list of permits application for Expat.一、新办New Applying就业许可审批Applying for Alien Employment License form6个工作日(包含上网申请时间)---出入境1、营业执照（副本）或登记证、组织机构代码证、地税登记证、公司章程（如有）的复印件，并盖公章；2、外国申请人有效护照的复印件（个人资料页），并盖公章；3、《聘用外国人就业申请表》一式两份（单位盖章）；4、外国申请人的工作简历和其从事该项工作的资格证明（学历证书、职位资格证明需同时提供中文翻译原件，特殊工种的证书须经过本国公证机关公证，公证证明应为中文）；5、用公司信头纸打印的用人单位聘用外国人就业的申请报告（包括单位和申请人基本情况、单位英文名称、具体聘用理由、被聘用人拟任部门和职位，具体工作内容和期限等），并盖公章；6、用公司信头纸打印的用人单位的聘用意向书，并盖公章和外国申请人签名；7、如属派遣人员，需提供公司信头纸打印的派遣证明，并盖公章和外国申请人签名；8、如外国申请人有在华工作经历的，需提供原单位公司信头纸打印的离职证明，并盖公章；9、按业务需要所要求的其他资料（以市公安出入境管理部门受理为准）。
6 working days (including the on-line application time)---The Exit and Entry Administration1/ Copy of business license or registered certificate、organization code certificate、tax registered certificate、company constitution,and cover stamp;2/ Copy of foreigner’s valid passport(the person data), and cover stamp;3/Two copies of <Application for recruiting foreign worker in China>,and cover stamp;4/ The curriculum vitae of the foreigner and the credentials of the foreigner required for the performance of the job（Chinese translated version is required);5\ The report of reasons for employment in detail,and cover stamp;6\ The letter of intention for employment,signed by foreigner and cover stamp;7\ The letter of dispatch for employment,signed by foreigner and cover stamp;8\ If work experience in China, provide a company letter of leaving certificate and cover stamp;9\ Other documents required by police section.就业许可证书Applying for Alien Employment License7个工作日(包含上网申请时间)---劳动局1、用公司信头纸打印用人单位聘用外国人就业的申请报告（包括本单位基本情况、单位英文名称、具体聘用理由、被聘用人的拟任部门和职位，具体工作内容和期限等），并盖公章；2、用人单位的营业执照（副本）（分支机构的另需提供总公司营业执照（副本））或民办非企业登记证、组织机构代码证的复印件，并盖公章；3、《聘用外国人就业申请表》（经广州市公安局出入境管理部门审核批准并签署意见）;4、外国申请人有效护照的复印件（个人资料页），并盖公章；5、用公司信头纸打印用人单位的聘用意向书，并盖公章和外国申请人签名；6、外国申请人完整、详细的工作简历（包括就业单位名称，所在国家城市、起始时间、任部门和职位、具体工作内容等）和教育学历证书和其从事该项工作的职业资格证明复印件，（以上文件如为外文的，须同时提供中文翻译原件并公证确认）；7、申请人健康状况证明（有广东国际旅行卫生保健中心出具，地址：广州市天河区天河北路龙口西路207号）（我司可协助办理）；所需资料：（需时3个工作日）A.申请人护照原件和复印件（首页、最新签证页和最新入境章页）；B.白底小一寸彩照8张；C.人民币700元（费用以实际的为准）；D.体检当天不能吃早餐和喝咖啡。
组织机构代码证英文翻译件
Organization Code CertificateOf the People’s Republic of China(Duplicate)CodeNameType Enterprise as a Legal EntityLegal RepresentativeAddress:ValidityIssuing Authority Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of Registered Number: I&E Code 421000-029079-1Notice1.The Organization Code of the People’s Republic of China is the unique and permanent legal code mark for an organization in China. Organization Code Certificate of the People’s Republic of China is the certificate of the legal code of an organization, composed by an original and a duplicate.anization Code Certificate of the People’s Republic of China is not allowed to be rent, lent, used by any third party other than its owner, assigned, counterfeited, altered or illegally traded.3.Applying to the original registration office for an alternation registration is necessary for any change of the registered items in Organization Code Certificate of the People’s Republic of China.anizations must accept the annual inspection by the issuing authority in accordance with related regulations.5.Both the original and duplicate of Organization Code Certificate of the People’s Republic of China should be returned to the issuing authority when canceling the registration of the company.General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and QuarantineOf The People’s Republic Of China (seal).Annual Inspection RecordNo.2010 4079775。
合同翻译用语大全英文
合同翻译用语大全英文英文版合同翻译用语大全：1. 双方基本信息Basic Information of the Parties Involved本合同由以下主体签署本合同：The present agreement is entered into by and between:甲方：(公司/个体) (名称) 公司组织机构代码(或统一社会信用代码)：(地址)：Party A: (Company/Individual) (Name) Company Registration number (or Unified Social Credit Code)：(Address)：乙方：(公司/个体) (名称) 公司组织机构代码(或统一社会信用代码)：(地址)：Party B: (Company/Individual) (Name) Company Registration number (or Unified Social Credit Code)：(Address)：2. 各方身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任Identification, Rights, Obligations, Performance, Duration, Breach Liability of Parties Involved2.1 甲方身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任Identification, Rights, Obligations, Performance, Duration, Breach Liability of Party A2.2 乙方身份、权利、义务、履行方式、期限、违约责任Identification, Rights, Obligations, Performance, Duration, Breach Liability of Party B3. 需遵守中国的相关法律法规Compliance with Relevant Chinese Laws and Regulations本合同各项条款需遵守中国相关法律法规，有任何违法行为需承担相应责任。
外国人来沪就业手续-中英文对照
1．外国人就业许可证书（5个工作日）working permit license (5 working days)（1）一份《外国人就业申请表》（公司盖章）1 piece of application form (company sealed)（2）营业执照（复印件）公司盖章business license (copy) sealed by company（3）组织机构代码证（复印件）公司盖章company code (copy) sealed by company（4）批准证书（复印件）approval certificate (copy)（5）个人中文简历（公司盖章）Chinese resume (company sealed)（6）任职相关资格证明（具体需要解释）(需要中文翻译件)University degree copy or leaving last company certificate（7）护照（复印件）passport (copy)2. 外国人工作签证邀请函（5个工作日）工本费RMB20Z-visa Invitation （5 working days ）Government fee RMB20请提供入境地地名，详细住址，传真号码，准备入境日期give us the information: the nation and city name where you will come from, the detail address there, fax number there, date for you want to enter China (we need the information for fill in the form)办理好第一和第二步手续后，请外国人带着护照原件，就业许可证书和工作签证邀请函去境外中国领事馆办理Z签证入境（注意Z签证入境有只能停留30天）境外手续均须自行办理。
外国人首次办理就业证-中英文对照版
公司外国人办理证件所需材料Documents list1．外国人就业许可证书（5个工作日）工本费RMB10 working permit license (5 working days) government fee RMB10 （1）一份《外国人就业申请表》（公司盖章）1 piece of application form (company sealed)（2）营业执照（复印件）公司盖章business license (copy) sealed by company（3）组织机构代码证（复印件）公司盖章company code (copy) sealed by company（4）批准证书（复印件）approval certificate (copy)（5）个人中文简历（公司盖章）Chinese resume (company sealed)（6）任职相关资格证明（具体需要解释）(需要中文翻译件) University degree copy or leaving last company certificate（7）护照（复印件）passport (copy)2. 外国人工作签证邀请函（5个工作日）工本费RMB20Z-visa Invitation （5 working days ）Government fee RMB20请提供入境地地名，详细住址，传真号码，准备入境日期give us the information: the nation and city name where you will come from, the detail address there, fax number there, date for you want to enter China (we need the information for fill in the form)办理好第一和第二步手续后，请外国人带着护照原件，就业许可证书和工作签证邀请函去境外中国领事馆办理Z签证入境（注意Z签证入境有只能停留30天）境外手续均须自行办理，我司不提供服务When we finish the first and second process, you can go aboard withpassport, work permit license and Z visa invitation, all the documents should be original. You can go to the consulate aboard to get Z visa for entering China (Attention: when you enter China with Z visa, youjust can stay in China in 30 days legally)You need do this process by yourself, our company can not provide any help to you.3. 入境后，办理就业证（3个工作日）工本费RMB10After you enter China, we will make the Foreigner’s working permit for you. Government fee RMB10(1)Business license (copy)营业执照（复印件）(2)Company Code (copy), Certificate of approval (copy)组织机构代码（复印件），批准证书（复印件）(3)Fill in 2 pieces of <Employment Registration Form of ForeignEmployees in China> (sealed by the company)两份《就业登记表》（公司盖章）(4)Health check (Copy)——hospital number:62688851Address: 15 Jinbang Rd. ( that is 1705 Hami Rd. before) 健康证明（复印件）——体检的预约电话：62688851地址：金浜路15号（原哈密路1705号）(5)Valid passport and visa (original and copy)护照（原件）(6)Chinese labor contract (copy)中文劳动合同（复印件）(7)3 pictures passport size3张两寸照片(8)working permit license (original )就业许可证书（原件）4.外国人居留许可（5个工作日）工本费RMB400Foreigner’s residence permit (5 working days)Government fee RMB400(1)Valid passport and visa (original)护照（原件）(2)Application letter (sealed by the company)公司申请书（公司盖章）(3)Health check (original)健康证明（原件）(4)Registration Form of Temporary Residence (pink slip)——you canget it from the Police Station near your residence place, as soon as you enter China, you must get this slip in 24 hours.临时住宿登记表（粉色单）——在住处附近的派出所获得(入境后24小时内办理) (5) 2 pictures of passport size2张两寸照片Working people’s accompanying families should, apart from s ubmitting their own valid passports and visas, also submit certification for family relationship and corresponding information.就业人员家属除提供本人的护照外，还应提供亲属关系证明及相应材料。