airpak气流组织模拟教程教程

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实验一室内气流组织模拟实验一、实验目的通过室内气流组织模拟

实验一室内气流组织模拟实验一、实验目的通过室内气流组织模拟实验，掌握常用风口、常见室内送回风口布置对室内气流分布、工作区温度速度均匀性的影响；掌握室内工作区温度和速度的测量方法、气流演示实验方法。

二、实验原理室内气流组织的优劣直接影响室内热环境的舒适性和空调设计的实现，同时也直接影响空调系统的能耗量。

通常室内工作区由余热而形成的负荷只占全室总负荷的一部分。

另一部分产生于工作区之上。

良好而经济的气流组织形式，应在保证工作区满足空调参数要求的前提下，使空调送风有效地排出工作区的余热，而不使工作区以外的余热带入工作区，从而达到不增加送风量且提高排风温度的效果，直接排除这部分热量，以提高空调系统的经济性。

为此引入评价室内气流组织经济性指标——能量利用系数η：on op t t t t --=η 式中，t n 、t o 、t p 分别为室内工作区空气平均温度、送风温度及排（回）风温度。

通过实测获得能量利用系数η，以评价室内气流组织的经济性。

三、实验方法1．气流组织测量方法 (1).烟雾法将棉球蘸上发烟剂（如四氯化钦、四氯化锡等）放在送风口处，烟雾随气流在室内流动。

仔细观察烟雾的流动方向和范围，在记录图上描绘出射流边界线、回漩涡流区和回流区的轮廓，或者采用摄影法直接记录气流形态。

由于从风口射出的烟雾不大而且扩散较快，不易看清楚流动情况，可将蘸上发烟剂的棉花球绑在测杆上，放到需要测定的部位，以观察气流流型。

这种方法比较快，但准确性差，只在粗测时采用。

(2).逐点描绘法将很细的合成纤维丝线或点燃的香绑在测杆上，放在测定断面各测点位置上，观察丝线或烟的流动方向，并在记录图上逐点描绘出气流流型，或者采用摄影法直接记录气流形态。

这种测试方法比较接近于实际情况。

应注意上述用于记录气流形态的摄影法对拍摄焦距、烟雾与背景的对比度等要求较高。

2．能量利用系数测量方法分别在室内工作区、送回风口处布置温度测点，温度测量仪器采用热电偶测量，工作区温度应采用多点布置取其平均值，计算求得能量利用系数。

airpak教程学习教程

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• Compose individual fr ames A-12
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基于Fluentairpak的数据中心机房的气流组织模拟优化

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器均温和回风温度基本相同时，相对于原始送风温度１５℃ ，冷热通道改进方案可提高至２６℃ ，相对于原始方案可节能４２．２７％。
关键词：数据中心机房；流动；数值模拟；算法；气流组织；节能中图分类号：ＴＫ０１８；ＴＵ８３４文献标志码：Ａ文章编号：１６７３ — ７２３７（２０１５）０３ — ００２７ — ０７

酒店大空间场所气流组织模拟分析

总766期第三十二期2021年11月河南科技Henan Science and Technology酒店大空间场所气流组织模拟分析郑宗达（厦门合立道工程设计集团股份有限公司，福建厦门361000）摘要：为研究不同形式的风口对酒店高大空间空调气流组织的影响，本文以福建省厦门市某酒店多功能厅为模型，利用气流组织模拟方法对其夏季室内工况分别采用球形喷口和双层百叶风口进行模拟，得到室内速度场、温度场、预计平均热感觉指数、预计不满意者的百分数。

结果表明：采用球形喷口时，2m以下人员活动区域水平温度、速度分布均较为均匀。

基于预计平均热感指数、预计不满意者的百分数的热环境数值预测和评价，可得出球形喷口的热舒适性与百叶风口相当。

关键词：多功能厅；百叶风口；球形喷口；气流组织中图分类号：TU831文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）32-0091-04Simulation and Analysis of Air Distribution in Large Space of Hotel byZHENG Zongda（Xiamen Helidao Engineering Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen Fujian361000）Abstract:In order to study the influence of different forms of tuyeres on the air distribution of air conditioning in large spaces of hotels,taking a multi-functional hall of a hotel in Xiamen as a model,this paper uses the air distribu⁃tion simulation method to simulate its indoor working conditions in summer by using spherical nozzle and double-lay⁃er louver tuyere respectively,and obtains the indoor velocity field,temperature field,expected average thermal sensa⁃tion index and the percentage of dissatisfied people.The results show that when the spherical nozzle is used,the hor⁃izontal temperature and velocity distribution in the personnel activity area below2m are more uniform.Based on the numerical prediction and evaluation of thermal environment based on PMV,PPD,it can be concluded that the thermal comfort of spherical nozzle is equivalent to that of louver vent.There is little difference in air age between the two.The spherical nozzle is adopted,and the air quality in the banquet hall is relatively good.Keywords:multi-function hall；louver vent；spherical vent；air distribution影响空调区域内温度、气流速度分布的因素包括：空调送风口形式和位置、送风射流的参数（送风量、出口风速、送风温度）、回风口的位置、房间几何形状、热源在室内的位置，其中送风口形式和位置以及送风射流的参数是主要影响因素［1］。

AIRPAK案例

AIRPAK案例--25K型空调硬卧客车室内气流组织的数值模拟摘要：本文介绍了Airpak软件的特点及其在通风系统设计中的重要作用，并以25K型硬卧空调客车车厢内气流组织为研究对象，建立物理模型，在Airpak软件的基础上，采用k-ε两方程紊流模型建立数学模型，对其进行数值模拟。

根据计算结果，初步分析了影响温度场和速度场的因素，为列车空调系统的设计开发提供了参考依据。

关键词：空调客车气流组织数值模拟近几年来，随着我国铁路空调客车应用的迅速发展，人们逐渐的认识到空调客车室内气流组织是影响旅客热舒适性的主要因素。

气流组织的研究内容包括速度场、温度场、浓度场及相对湿度的分布等。

传统的铁路空调客车室内气流组织设计是将送风气流看成射流，通过求解射流的经验公式来确定车厢内各个断面的温度和速度分布，并采用调整送风口位置、尺寸、送风风速等方法改变温度分布和速度分布使其满足设计要求。

而射流的经验公式无法考虑到具体车厢内的形状及座椅、茶几、行李架等的影响，也不能考虑排风气流对射流造成的影响。

[1~3]所以采用经验公式获得的数据结果是比较粗糙的，传统的气流组织设计不能准确预测室内的气流组织分布特征。

计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics 简称CFD）的发展和应用，在一定程度上解决了空调系统设计中单凭经验和感觉进行设计而造成的不足。

本文以25K型硬卧空调客车为研究对象，采用k-ε两方程紊流模型，并结合CFD软件之一—Airpak软件对其进行数值模拟和分析。

1 Airpak软件的主要特点CFD是运用流体动力学的基本原理进行“三传”（传热、传质、动量传递）及燃烧、多项流和化学反应研究的重要技术，广泛应用于热能动力、航空航天、机械、土木水利、环境和化工等诸多领域，其中暖通空调领域是CFD应用的主要领域之一。

用CFD技术对一定空间中的气流组织进行模拟，通过建立数学物理模型，根据提供的合理的边界条件和参数，可以对空调区域内空气流动形成的温度场、速度场和浓度场等进行模拟，直观的显示其设计结果，并根据设计结果对其可行性和合理性进行分析研究，不断优化设计方案，寻找有规律性的知识，更好的指导工程设计。

airpak气流组织模拟教程

Airpak气流组织模拟教程编制人：张占莲2015-9-15案例：以广州某办公室房间为例，房间尺寸6m×8m×4.5m，室内通风采用同侧侧送风，上送下回送风方式，送风量1800m³/h，送风温度18℃，广州夏季室外干球温度34.2℃。

室内各物体尺寸、数量及边界条件设置如下表1所示：表1 边界条件设置名称尺寸数量边界条件送风口0.5m×0.2m2个速度入口，2.5m/s 人0.4m×0.35m×1.73m2人热源，75W灯 1.2m×0.2m×0.15m3个热源，40W电脑0.4m×0.4m×0.4m2台热源，173W回风口0.5m×0.2m2个自由出口桌子 1.5m×4m×1.05m1个——北外墙————定壁温，34.2℃1.建模1）打开软件，新建工程。

注：保存路径及工程名称中不要出现中文，中文无法识别。

2）调整房间模型尺寸：Model Room Edit可更改odject名称调整尺寸大小、坐标位置：Geometry可根据个人习惯通过输入起点/终点或起点/长度来确定坐标位置。

3）建立灯、人体、电脑等模型：Creat b locka.创建灯具模型修改block名称：lamp输入坐标尺寸定位a .创建灯具模型：在properties 中修改属性，定义热源。

将灯简化为长方体的固体block定义热源40W利用copy object 可复制灯具模型。

复制数量偏移量b.创建简易桌子模型（可无）采用固体block 创建桌子模型，因桌子并非热源散发源，桌子模型可有可无。

（这里仅作为障碍物）c.创建电脑模型步骤：◆简化为固体的block；◆修改名称为com.1；◆输入坐标定位；◆定义热源属性：173W；◆Copy object命令，设置偏移量。

d.创建人体模型步骤：◆可直接使用自带人体模型，也可将人体简化为长方体的固体block；◆修改名称为person.1；◆修改尺寸，人体为坐姿；◆定义热源属性：75W；◆Copy object命令，设置偏移量。

Airpak中文学习案例(含软件操作步骤)-CFD模拟教程-自然通风室内环境模拟

Airpak软件中文学习案例（含软件详细操作步骤）建筑边庭对室内环境的影响-CFD模拟分析目录01篇建模问题 (3)1.1模拟概况 (3)1.2简化模型 (5)1.3用airpak建模 (5)1.4airpak建模步骤 (6)02篇网格生成篇 (9)2.1网格生成详细步骤 (9)2.2网格检查 (11)03篇条件设置 (12)3.1边界条件设置 (12)3.2初始参数设置 (15)3.3残差和计算参数设置 (16)04篇模拟后处理 (17)05篇边庭模拟小结 (21)01篇建模问题1.1模拟概况本工程是某地区一栋坐北朝南的办公楼，东侧是贯穿一层的边庭，主要功能为通风采光，南侧是一个内部走廊。

办公楼一共2层，上下层都为办公室、会议厅，建筑面积大约3000平方米。

室内布置主要为桌椅、空调等（实际模型详见下方图纸）。

本工程主要通过CFD模拟软件Airpak对建筑边庭进行研究，分析边庭（中庭）对建筑室内的通风效果通过温度、湿度、风速、空气龄、PMV-PPD等指标参数，评价室内通风效果。

本教程由百度账号：a谷雨c燕,第七代师兄，独家原创分享，未经许可不得转载。

首次发布在百度文库模拟工况为：(1)冬季无空调时，边庭对室内通风、热舒适度的影响。

(2)冬季有空调时，边庭对室内通风、热舒适度的影响。

1.2简化模型拿到二维图纸或三维图纸后，建模的思路是先熟悉图纸，二维和三维图纸都看一遍，了解图纸中的建筑和物体的布局，其次结合CFD 模拟工况的要求，对建筑模型进行必要的简化，最后依据图纸信息进行建模。

例如本工程，是一个办公楼，要做如上2个工况的模拟，拿到图纸后熟悉每个房间的布局，里面有桌椅、人体、玻璃幕墙等。

对里面的人体进行舍弃，边庭处的沙土、植物对气流影响不大的也进行舍弃，最后得到一个模拟的大致布局。

脑中有了这些模型后，可以自己画一下，也可以建模的时候一遍勾勒，一遍看图。

1.3用airpak建模开始建模时，要了解各个模型的尺寸信息，长x宽x高，应该使用airpak里的那个模块比较合适。

北京某数据中心空调气流组织节能分析

北京某数据中心空调气流组织节能分析摘要近年来，随着新基建、物联网技术、工业互联网的快速发展，数据中心领域的计算能力、存储规模等大幅度提高，使得数据中心市场规模快速扩大。

数据中心是一个高能耗行业，不仅其IT设备耗电较高，制冷设备的耗电量也非常大。

本文主要是对北京某数据中心机房内温湿度、空调耗电量测试。

采用Airpak软件对本数据中心气流组织进行CFD模拟。

关键词：新基建，数据中心，气流组织、能源使用效率1.引言随着人工智能、5G、物联网技术快速发展，数据中心制冷系统也在随之更新换代，中大型数据中心采用水冷式制冷系统成为主流。

本文以北京市某数据中心为例[1]，对弥漫式送风方式和封闭冷通道进行能耗测试。

使用Airpak软件对数据中心机房内弥漫式气流组织、封闭冷通道、封闭热通道进行建模分析，导出速度、温度云图。

2.机房测试2.1项目概况本项目制冷系统冷冻侧冷冻供回水温度为14/20 ℃，夏天冷却供回水温度为32/37 ℃。

数据中心制冷设备共配置4套1000 RT（3517 kW）制冷单元，3用1备。

机房内有2155个标准机柜，每个机柜4.4 kW的额定功率。

2.2数据中心机房测试本次以数据中心302机房为测试对象，此模块机房面积465.65 ㎡，240个4.4 kW机柜，两侧有两个空调间，空调间配置5台水冷精密空调，四用一备，每台精密空调制冷量152 kW，额定功率为8.4 kW，风量为39400 m³/h。

测试依据本次机房测试依据包括《数据中心基础设施施工及验收规范》GB50462-2015等规范，按照机房内相关测试方法进行测试机房内环境[2]，在测试不同冷通道送风温度下的耗电量。

3.Airpak软件仿真模拟AIRPAK软件进行数值模拟，机房内具体尺寸、主要参数见下表3-1。

导出数据中心三种气流组织云图，并进行简要分析。

表3-1 机房内的具体设置参数表名称数量/个尺寸/m模型类型主要参数图形机柜2402.2×1.2×0.6creatblocks4.4kW机柜进出风口2402.2×0.6creatopenings/精密空调12.55×0.95×1.97creatblocks152kW精密空调风机尺寸22.55×0.95creatfans13.1 kg/s送风地板2400.6×0.6creatresistances/3.1弥漫式送风方式CFD模拟机房不同切面下速度分析，机房风速的速度范围在2 m/s到4 m/s之间。

airpak3.0帮助文件第一部分中文tutorial-guide(中文)

Airpak3.0帮助文件办公室通风简介：这篇教程演示了如何使用Airpak在计算机上创建有两个人工作的办公室模型。

教程中你将会了解到：1.打开一个新的任务2.计算机模拟相对湿度分布的设置3.创建blocks，openings，vents，partitions和walls4.创建辐射影响的模型5.改变计算机计算的迭代次数（即为模型的细腻光滑程度，迭代次数越高模型效果越佳）6.初步计算出一个结果7.检查模型表面的轮廓和物体表面的迭量，以及横断面图8.跟踪空气入口粒子流轨迹9.通过仿真计算检查房间里舒适度的预测平均值（PMV-同一环境下绝大多数人的热感觉）和预测不满百分比（PDD-同环境下人群对热环境不满的百分比）先决条件：本教程假设你对Airpak软件没有太多经验，但是相对较熟悉软件界面，若不是请检阅第一张用户指南。

问题描述：该待仿真办公室共分为两大部分，每一部分包含一个坐在电脑前办公的人。

如图1.1 。

同时该办公室还有六个荧光灯、暖气、新风入口、回风口、窗户等。

通过对办公室表面温度和空气流速的剖面仿真，我们可以直观了解办公室整体的舒适度。

图1.1：通风问题所研究的办公室的几何参数步骤1：打开并定义一个新的工作1.启动Airpak，当软件打开后会主动弹出NEW/EXISTING选项卡。

2.单击NEW选项，软件会开始一个新的任务，同时NEW project选项卡将会打开。

(a)你可以为你的任务起一个名称，并将其填写在Project旁边的窗口中。

你可以为此案例命名OFFICE。

(b)点击Create创建。

Airpak会默认创建一个尺寸为10*3*10的房间，并放置在图形窗口内。

你可以使用鼠标左键围绕一个中心点旋转物体，还可以用鼠标中键将它移动到任意一点，鼠标右键则可以放大缩小视窗选择进入或者退出房间。

如果想把房间调整到默认位置，点击界面上方的选项Orient在弹出的菜单中点击Home position。

Airpak学习教程（翻译50页）

Airpa‎k 2.0 使用指南办公室通风‎∙简介∙前言∙问题描述∙第一步：打开并定义‎一个新任务‎∙第二步：创建模型∙第三步：加入辐射和‎模型∙第四步：计算网格∙第五步：检查风状况‎∙第五步：将模型保存‎到任务文件‎中∙第六步：计算一个解‎决方案∙第七步：检查结果∙汇总∙参考文献简介这篇教程演‎示了如何使‎用Airp‎a k在计算‎机上创建有‎两个人工作‎的办公室的‎模型教程中你将‎学会：∙打开一个新‎任务∙包括计算机‎模拟相对湿‎度影响的分‎布∙创建blo‎cks, openi‎n gs, vents‎, parti‎t ions‎,和 walls‎∙创建辐射影‎响的模型∙改变计算机‎计算的迭代‎次数∙计算一个结‎果∙检查模型表‎面轮廓和物‎体表面的矢‎量，以及横断面‎图∙空气入口的‎粒子流轨迹‎通过计算机‎计算检查房间里的舒‎适度的预测‎平均值(PMV)和不满百分‎比（PPD）必装条件这个教程假‎设你对ai‎r pak没‎有经验，但是你很熟‎悉接口，如果您不是‎，请检查第一‎张的用户指‎南问题描述这个办公室‎分为两个部‎分,每部分包含‎一个人，坐在电脑前‎工作,如图 1.1。

这个办公室‎还包括六个‎荧光灯、暖气片、空气入口、回风口,窗户。

表面温度和‎空气流速剖‎面,目的是为了‎确定整个舒‎适的房间。

Table‎1.1:几何参数,导热性，窗户和扩散‎器的流动边‎界条件尺寸温度速度13.5 C 0.85 m/s进气口扩散‎0.2 m 0.3 m30.9 C ---窗户3.65 m 1.16 mTable‎1.2:热源的尺寸‎和性能热源Size Power‎1500 W墙挂式取暖‎1.2 m 0.1 m 0.2 m75 W人0.4 m 0.35 m 1.1 m108 WCompu‎t er 10.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 mCompu‎t er 2173 W0.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m34 W灯0.2 m 1.2 m 0.15 mFigur‎e 1.1:通风问题所‎研究的办公‎室的几何参‎数Step 1: Open and Defin‎e a New Job1.启动air‎p ak,如简介1.5中说明的‎那样，打开任务面‎板将自动开‎启2.为你的任务‎取一个名字‎(a)In the Selec‎t the job to open text box, type /offic‎e at the end of the path.在选择任务‎打开文字框‎内，输入/offic‎e在路径的‎最后(b)Click‎Accep‎t. 点击接受Airpa‎k will creat‎e a defau‎l t room with the dimen‎s ions‎10 m 3 m 10 m, anddispl‎a y the room in the graph‎i cs windo‎w.Airpa‎k将创建一‎个默认的尺‎寸为10x‎3x10的‎房间，并放置在图‎形窗口内。

CFD流体模拟篇-Airpak软件学习

CFD模拟篇----Airpak软件学习有很多想学习CFD的学员咨询我，如何才能快速的熟练掌握CFD软件。

对于刚学习，没有任何基础的学员，我一般会推荐他们学习一些比较容易上手的软件，比如本文我要重点说的Airpak软件。

后续的文章中我会重点总结一些学员，在学习过程中遇到的问题以及解决办法。

1.Airpak软件可以用来做什么？在学习CFD软件之前，我们要知道这个软件能够帮助我们解决什么问题。

Airpak软件其实是一款基于Fluent求解的一款十分强大的软件。

可以用来进行建筑室内空调气流组织模拟，空气品质、自然通风，室外风环境，产品设备散热模拟，客车火车等交通工具室内模拟，室外空调外机气流模拟，室内污染物（co2,甲醛等），厨房通风等等。

模拟完了之后，可以出的结果有：温度、湿度、风速、压力、pmv-ppd(即热舒适度）、空气龄（空气新鲜程度）等等。

这个软件对于暖通专业（建环）或者从事绿建方面工作的人使用的比较多，当然在其他行业也会用的到。

对于设计院或者绿建单位，要用他出一些前期的可研报告、建筑设计评估和优化，对于科研单位，主要用于科学研究。

2.如何学习CFD如何学好CFD，对于这个问题，其实我觉得没有什么特别好的捷径。

我们要做的是，正确的方法和努力勤奋，少走弯路。

2.1软件底层逻辑在学习任何一个CFD软件之前，你首先要了解这个软件运行的底层逻辑是什么，他是基于什么原理，弄明白了这个道理，你学习来才不会费劲。

比如Airpak是基于"object"的建模方式，fluent求解器运行的，而ICEM是基于拓扑结构的建模方式。

很多人在学了gambit 后，再来学习ICEM，大半年过去了，ICEM还是没有摸着门道，特别痛苦，回头接着学习gambit。

这是因为这2个软件建模的方式是不一样的，所以思维没有转换，学起来也很难。

掌握了大的学习思维之后，我们最重要的是要有一条系统的科学学习方法。

2.2理论知识的掌握在学习具体软件之前，你需要掌握CFD模拟的一些基本知识比如什么是湍流方程、网格划分的目的、什么是后处理，这些知识是你学习软件之前必须掌握的，也是根基。

Airpak原创培训学习教程-中文教程(自然通风、空调、污染物CFD流体模拟)

2个建筑室外模型搭接（1）模型建立（2）风洞模型搭建（3）第二个模型建立
4.4 模型设置及计算
2个建筑室外模型搭接（1）网格划分（2）边界条件设置（3）计算模型设置
4.5 室外风环境结果的对比分析
风环境模拟结果的分析（1）并列式模型结果（2）错列式模型结果（3）模型结果对比分析（4）大气边界层
PART 4 建筑室外风环境
4.1 风环境模拟知识
建筑风环境基础知识 1.为什么要做建筑室外风环境模拟？ 2.建筑风环境要满足什么要求？ 3.风环境模拟正式分析报告
建筑风环境基础知识
4.1 风环境模拟知识
建筑群和高大建筑物会显著改变城市近地面层风场结构。近地风的状况与建筑物的外形、尺寸、建筑物之间的相对位置以及周围地形地貌有着很复杂的关系。《绿色建筑评价标准》 GB/T 50378-2014第4.2.6条针对建筑室外风环境状况提出了明确的要求：
1.2.7 湍流方程选用原则
1.零方程模型（Chen 模型） 2.一方程模型（S-A 模型） 3.标准 k-e 模型 4.重整化群（RNG ） k-e 模型
湍流方程
1.2.8 导入CAD模型
Airpak软件简介
操作流程 1.CAD2018版以上，绘制好图形，面区处理。 2.CAD输出为Iges格式 3.Airpak导入Iges文件 4.Airpak描点建模 5.删除辅助线和面
创建送风口
创建回风口
（05）建立人体模型
3.2 建立室内模型
3.3 网格处理
3.4 模拟设置
3.5 模拟结果评价
3.5 热舒适度评价参数室内热舒适评价指标：温度、湿度、风速、 PMV-PPD、空气龄等。民用建筑空调设计参数：（1）夏季：温度： 24~28℃；相对湿度： 40%-65%；风速：应不大于 0.3m/s。（2）冬季：温度： 18~22℃；相对湿度： 40%-60%；风速：应不大于 0.2m/s。（3） PMV-PPD： PMV：评价室内环境冷热感，一个客观的数字，基本可以反映这个人当时的冷热感。一般遵守 ASHRAE 7 分制， 0 分中性， 3 分很热， -3 分很冷（取值范围 -3~3） -0.5~0.5 人体感觉舒适。 PPD：公式估算出人们对该环境冷热不满意的比率，即 PPD（取值 20%）。（4）空气龄：是指空气质点自进入房间至到达室内某点所经历的时间。反映了室内空气的新鲜程度，它可以综合衡量房间的通风换气效果，是评价室内空气品质的重要指标。（5）压力：民用建筑室内对各个功能区域压力要去不一样。厨房、卫生间等污染较大的地方，要求保持负压，客厅、卧室、办公室等区域要求保持正压值

Airpak3.0 经典实例教程

Tutorial1.Ofﬁce VentilationIntroduction:This tutorial demonstrates how to model an oﬃce shared by two people working at computers,using Airpak.In this tutorial,you will learn how to:•Open a new job•Include eﬀects of relative humidity distribution in the simulation•Create blocks,openings,vents,partitions and walls•Model the eﬀects of radiation•Change the number of solver iterations•Calculate a solution•Examine contours and vectors on object faces and cross-sections of the model•Trace particle streams from air inlets•Examine the comfort level in the room by calculating the predicted mean vote(PMV)and predicted percentage dissatisﬁed(PPD)Prerequisites:This tutorial assumes that you have little experience with Airpak,but that you are generally familiar with the interface.If you are not,please review the sample session in Chapter1of the User’s Guide.Problem Description:The oﬃce is partitioned into two sections,each containing one person working at a computer,as shown in Figure1.1.The oﬃce also includes six ﬂuorescent lights,a baseboard heater,an inlet diﬀuser,a ventilation return,anda window.Surface temperatures and air velocity proﬁles are sought in order todetermine the overall comfort of the room for its occupants.Table1.0.1:Geometrical,Thermal,and Flow Boundary Conditions for the Diﬀuser and WindowSize Temperature VelocityInlet Diﬀuser0.2m×0.3m13.5◦C0.85m/sWindow 3.65m×1.16m30.9◦C—–Ofﬁce VentilationTable1.0.2:Size and Capacity of the Heat SourcesHeat Source Size PowerBaseboard Heater 1.2m×0.1m×0.2m1500WPerson0.4m×0.35m×1.1m75WComputer10.4m×0.4m×0.4m108WComputer20.4m×0.4m×0.4m173WLamp0.2m×1.2m×0.15m34WFigure1.1:Geometry of the Oﬃce Ventilation ProblemOfﬁce Ventilation Step1:Open and Deﬁne a New Job1.Start Airpak,as described in Section1.5of the User’s Guide.When Airpak starts,the New/existing panel will open automatically.2.Click New in the New/existing panel to start a new Airpak project.The New project panel will appear.(a)Specify a name for your project in the Project text box.You can enter the name office.(b)Click Create.Airpak will create a default room with dimensions10m×3m×10m,and display the room in the graphics display window.You can rotate the room around a central point using the left mouse button,or you can translate it to any point on the screen using the middle mouse button.You can zoom into and out from the room using the right mouse button.To restore the room to its default orientation,click on the Orient menu and select Home position.3.Modify the overall problem deﬁnition to include the eﬀects of chemical speciesmixing and turn on the ideal gas las.Problem setup−→Basic parametersOfﬁce Ventilation(a)In the Basic parameters panel,select On next to Species and click Edit.Airpak will open the Species deﬁnitions panel.i.Select the Initial concentration of h2o to50.ii.Select RH from the menu to the right of the Initial concentrationﬁeld for h2o.RH is the relative humidity of the air in the room speciﬁed as a percentage.iii.Click Accept(b)In the Basic parameters panel,click the Advanced tab.i.Turn on the Ideal gas law option and the Operating density operation andkeep the default values for the operating pressure and density.ii.Click AcceptOfﬁce Ventilation(c)Keep the default settings for all other parameters in the Basic parameters panel.(d)Click Accept to save the new settings.Ofﬁce VentilationStep2:Build the ModelTo build the model,you willﬁrst resize the room to its proper size.Then you will create the features of the room,including people(2),computers(2),lights(6),tables(2),a ventilation return and input diﬀuser,a radiator,a partition,and walls.1.Resize the default room.Model−→Room(a)In the Room panel,enter the coordinates as shown in the followingﬁgure.(b)Click Done to resize the room.(c)Click from the Orient toolbar to show an isometric view of the roomscaled toﬁt the graphics window.Note:The walls of the room are adiabatic and do not participate in radiation,by default.To include radiation eﬀects at the boundaries of the room,you willdeﬁne wall objects at the boundaries later in this step.2.Create theﬁrst person in the workspace.Ofﬁce VentilationNote:There is a Person object in Airpak;however,for this simulation,the repre-sentation of the people will be simpliﬁed,i.e.,the people will be represented by hollow blocks that are energy sources.Tutorials2and3will make use of the Person object.(a)Click in the object toolbar.Airpak will create a new hollow prism block in the center of the room.You will need to change both the size of the block and its location within the room.(b)Display the Blocks edit panel by doing one of the following:•Double click block.1in the Model manager window.•Select block.1in the Model manager window and right mouse click todisplay the context menu.Select Edit object.(c)Enter the following coordinates for theﬁrst person in the Geometry tab:xS 1.4xE 1.8yS0yE 1.1zS-0.6zE-0.95(d)In the Properties tab,set the Total power under Thermal speciﬁcation to be75W.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name person1in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Update to modify the block.Click Done to close the panel.3.Create the second person.(a)Click in the object toolbar.(b)Double click block.1in the Model manager window to display the Blocks editpanel.(c)In the Geometry tab,enter the following coordinates for the second person:xS 3.6xE 4.0yS0yE 1.1zS-3.05zE-3.40(d)In the Properties tab,set the Total power under Thermal Speciﬁcation to be75W.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name person2in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Done to update the block and close the panel.4.Create theﬁrst computer.The computers will be represented by hollow blocks in front of the people in the oﬃce.Ofﬁce Ventilation(a)Click in the object toolbar.(b)Double click block.1in the Model manager window to display the Blocks editpanel.(c)Enter the following coordinates for theﬁrst computer:xS 1.4xE 1.8yS0.7yE 1.1zS0zE-0.4(d)In the Properties tab,set the Total power under Thermal Speciﬁcation to be108W.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name computer1in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Done to update the block and close the panel.5.Create the second computer.(a)Click in the object toolbar.(b)Double click block.1in the Model manager window to display the Blocks editpanel.(c)Enter the following coordinates for the second computer:xS 3.6xE 4.0yS0.7yE 1.1zS-3.6zE-4.0(d)In the Properties tab,set the Total power under Thermal Speciﬁcation to be173W.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name computer2in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Done to update the block and close the panel.6.Create the radiator.This baseboard heater is the largest heat source in the room,and its represented inthe simulation by a hollow prism block.(a)Click in the object toolbar.(b)Double click block.1in the Model manager window to display the Blocks editpanel.(c)Enter the following coordinates:xS0xE0.1yS0yE0.2zS-1.4zE-2.6Ofﬁce Ventilation(d)In the Properties tab,set the Total power under Thermal Speciﬁcation to be1500W.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name baseboard-heater in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Done to update the block and close the panel.7.Create theﬁrst overheadﬂuorescent lamp.(a)Click in the object toolbar.(b)Double click block.1in the Model manager window to display the Blocks editpanel.(c)Enter the following coordinates:xS 1.1xE 1.3yS 2.85yE 3.0zS-0.5zE-1.7(d)In the Properties tab,set the Total power under Thermal Speciﬁcation to be34W.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name lamp in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Done to update the block and close the panel.8.Copy theﬁrst lamp(lamp)to create the second and third lamps(lamp.1and lamp.2),each oﬀset by1.3m in the x direction.(a)In the Model manager window,select lamp.(b)Right mouse click to display the context menu.(c)Click copy.The Copy block lamp panel will open.Ofﬁce Ventilation(d)Enter2as the Number of copies.(e)Turn on the Translate option and specify an X oﬀset of1.3.(f)Click Apply.Airpak will create two copies of the original lamp,each oﬀset from the previousone by1.3m in the x direction.9.Create the remaining three overhead lamps.(a)Create a group consisting of the three existing lamps.i.Select lamp in the Model manager window,hold down the<Ctrl>key andclick on lamp.1and lamp.2to select or highlight all three lamps.ii.Right mouse click to display the context menu and select Create group.iii.In the Query panel,enter lamp as the name for the new group.iv.Click Done.lamp,lamp.1and lamp.2will be added as a group under the Groups node in theModel manager window.(b)Make a copy of this group.i.Select the Groups node in the Model manager window and expand theGroups tab.ii.Select the lamp group and right mouse click to display the context menu.iii.Select Copy group to display the Copy group lamp panel.iv.Enter1as the Number of copies.v.Turn on the Translate option.vi.Set the X oﬀset and Y oﬀset to0,set the Z oﬀset to-1.8.vii.Click ApplyThe display will be updated to show all six lamps.10.Create the air inlet diﬀuser.(a)Click icon in the object toolbar.Airpak will create a2D opening in the center of the room.You will need tochange the size and orientation of the opening and specify the temperature andairﬂow information.(b)Double click opening.1in the Model manager window to display the Openingsedit panel.(c)In the Geometry tab,change the plane to Y-Z and enter the following coordi-nates for the opening:xS 5.0xE---yS 2.7yE 2.9zS-1.85zE-2.15(d)In the Properties tab,select Temperature and enter a value of13.5◦C.(e)Select X Velocity and enter a value of-0.85m/s.(f)Select Species and click Edit.Airpak will open the Species concentrations panel.i.In the Species concentrations panel,enter a value of50for the Concentra-tion of h2o.ii.Select RH from the menu to the right of the Concentrationﬁeld for h2o.iii.Click Done to update the opening and close the panel.iv.In the Info tab of the Openings panel,enter the name air-inlet in the Nameﬁeld.v.Click Done to update the opening and close the Openings panel.11.Create the ventilation return.(a)Click the icon in the object toolbar.(b)Double click vent.1in the Model manager window to display the Vents editpanel.(c)In the Geometry tab,change the plane to Y-Z and enter the following coordi-nates for the vent:xS 5.0xE---yS0yE0.5zS-1.75zE-2.25(d)In the Properties tab,select Approach for the Velocity loss coeﬃcient.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name vent-return in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Done to update the vent and close the Vents panel.12.Create the oﬃce partition.(a)Click the icon in the object toolbar.(b)Double click partition.1in the Model manager window to display the Partitionsedit panel.(c)In the Geometry tab,change the plane to Y-Z and enter the following coordi-nates for the partition:xS 2.87xE---yS0yE 3.0zS-2.0zE-4.0(d)In the Info tab,enter the name partition in the Nameﬁeld.(e)Click Update in the Partitions panel to modify the partition.13.Create theﬁrst oﬃce table.(a)Click the icon in the object toolbar.(b)Double click partition.1in the Model manager window to display the Partitionsedit panel.(c)In the Geometry tab,change the plane to X-Z and enter the following coordi-nates:xS 3.0xE 5.0yS0.6yE---zS-3.524zE-4.0(d)In the Info tab,enter the name table in the Nameﬁeld.(e)Click Done to update the table and close the Partitions panel.14.Copy theﬁrst table to create the second(table.1).The second table will be oﬀset from theﬁrst table by3m in the x direction and3.524m in the z direction.(a)In the Model manager window,select table.(b)Right mouse click to display the context menu.(c)Click copy.The Copy partition table panel will open.(d)Turn on the Translate option and specify an X oﬀset of-3m and a Z oﬀset of3.524m.(e)Click Apply to copy the table and close the panel.15.Create the oﬃce window.(a)Click the icon in the object toolbar.Airpak will create a wall in the center of the room.You will need to changethe size and orientation of the wall and specify the temperature and radiationparameters.(b)Double click wall.1in the Model manager window to display the Walls editpanel.(c)In the Geometry tab,change the plane to Y-Z and enter the following coordi-nates for the window:xS0xE---yS 1.671yE 2.831zS-0.203zE-3.853(d)In the Properties tab,select Outside temp and enter a value of30.9◦C.(e)In the Info tab,enter the name window in the Nameﬁeld.(f)Click Done to update the window and close the Walls panel.16.Create theﬂoor for the room.(a)Click the icon in the object toolbar.(b)Double click wall.1in the Model manager window to display the Walls editpanel.(c)In the Geometry tab,change the plane to X-Z and enter the following coordi-nates for theﬂoor:xS0xE 5.0yS0yE--zS0zE-4.0(d)In the Info tab,enter the nameﬂoor in the Nameﬁeld.(e)Click Done to update the window and close the Walls panel.17.Create the left wall of the room.(a)Click the icon in the object toolbar.(b)Double click wall.1in the Model manager window to display the Walls editpanel.(c)In the Geometry tab,use the default plane of X-Y and enter the followingcoordinates:xS0xE 5.0yS0yE 3.0zS0zE---(d)In the Info tab,enter the name wall-left in the Nameﬁeld.(e)Click Done to update the window and close the Walls panel.18.Create the back wall of the room.(a)Click the icon in the object toolbar.(b)Double click wall.1in the Model manager window to display the Walls editpanel.(c)In the Geometry tab,change the plane to Y-Z and enter the following coordi-nates:xS0xE---yS0yE 3.0zS0zE-4.0(d)In the Info tab,enter the name wall-back in the Nameﬁeld.(e)Click Done to update the window and close the Walls panel.19.Copy theﬂoor to create the ceiling.(a)In the Model manager window,selectﬂoor.(b)Right mouse click to display the context menu.(c)Click copy.The Copy wallﬂoor panel will open.(d)Turn on the Translate option and specify an X oﬀset of0m,a Y oﬀset of3mand a Z oﬀset of0m.(e)Click Apply.Airpak will create a copy of theﬂoor(ﬂoor.1)on the top of the room.(f)Selectﬂoor.1in the Model manager window.(g)In the Nameﬁeld located in the Info tab,change floor.1to ceiling.(h)Click Done to update and close the panel.20.Copy the left wall to create the right wall.(a)Select wall-left in the Model manager window.(b)Right mouse click and select Copy object from the context menu.The Copy wall-left panel will open.(c)Turn on the Translate option.(d)Specify an X oﬀset of0,Y oﬀset of0,and a Z oﬀset of-4.(e)Click Apply.Airpak will create a copy of the left wall(wall-left.1)on the right of the room.(f)Select wall-left.1in the Model manager window.(g)In the Info tab,change wall-left.1to wall-right in the Nameﬁeld.(h)Click Done to update the wall.21.Copy the back wall to create the front wall.(a)Select wall-back in the Model manager window.(b)Click Copy object from the context menu.The Copy wall-back panel will open.(c)Keep the Translation option turned on.(d)Specify an X oﬀset of5,a Y oﬀset of0,and a Z oﬀset of0.(e)Click Apply.Airpak will create a copy of the back wall(wall-back.1)on the front of the room.(f)Select wall-back.1in the Model manager window.(g)In the Info tab,change wall-back.1to wall-front in the Nameﬁeld.(h)Click Done to update and close the panel.The completed model will look like Figure1.2.Figure1.2:Completed Model for the Oﬃce Ventilation Simulation22.Check the model to be sure that there are no problems(e.g.,objects that are tooclose together to allow for proper mesh generation).Model−→Check modelAirpak should report in the Message window that0problems were found and all tolerances are acceptable.23.Check the deﬁnition of the modeling objects to ensure that you speciﬁed themproperly.View−→Summary(HTML)Airpak will list the speciﬁcations for all modeling objects in a web browser which can be launched from selecting the View menu and clicking Summary(HTML).You can check them here and if you notice any incorrect speciﬁcations,you can change them in the object’s edit panel.Step3:Add Radiation to the ModelIn this step,you will include the eﬀects of radiation in your model.1.Enable radiation modeling.Model−→Radiation(a)Under the Radiation enabled list,click All to select all of the objects in theroom.(b)At the bottom of the panel,select1from the menu to the right of the Reflevel.The smaller the Ref level value,the faster Airpak will compute the view factors.(c)Click Compute.Airpak will compute the form factors for the selected objects.See the User’sGuide for details about modeling radiation.Note:It will take several minutes for Airpak to complete the radiation calcu-lations.The Message window will report when it is Done computing formfactors.(d)Click Close.Step4:Generate a MeshYou will generate the mesh in three steps.First you will modify the order in which objects are meshed.Then you will create a coarse mesh and examine it to determine where further mesh reﬁnement is required.Finally,you will reﬁne the mesh based on your observations of the coarse mesh.1.Change the mesh priority of the room walls.You will need to change the order in which the objects in the room are meshed so that room objects in contact with the walls will receive a higher priority than the walls in the meshing process.Model−→Edit priorities(a)In the Object priority panel,enter a value of0forﬂoor,ceiling,wall-left,wall-right,wall-back,and wall-front.(b)Click Accept to modify the priorities and close the panel.Figure1.3:Object Priority Panel2.Generate a coarse(minimum-count)mesh.Model−→Generate Mesh(a)In the Global settings section in Mesh control panel,select Coarse in the Meshparameters drop-down list.Airpak will update the panel with the default meshing parameters for a coarse (minimum-count)mesh,shown in the panel below.Figure1.4:Mesh Control Panel(b)Deselect Max X size,Max Y size,and Max Z size.(c)Click the Generate mesh button to generate the coarse mesh.3.Examine the coarse mesh on a cross-section of the model.(a)Select the Display tab at the top of the Mesh control panel.(b)Turn on the Cut plane option.(c)Select Point and normal from the drop down list across from Set position.(d)Set(PX,PY,PZ)to(2,0,0)and set(NX,NY,NZ)to(1,0,0).These settings will result in a mesh display on a y-z plane passing through the point(2,0,0).Figure1.5:Display Tab of the Mesh Control Panel(e)Turn on the Display mesh option.The mesh display plane is perpendicular to the ceiling,and aligned with the people,computers,and tables as shown in Figure1.6.(f)Click on the two square boxes to advance the plane cut through the model.Figure1.6:Coarse Mesh on the y-z Plane4.Generate aﬁner mesh.(a)Select the Generate tab at the top of the Mesh control panel.The panel will be update to show the mesh generation tools again.(b)Select Normal in the Mesh parameters drop-down list.Airpak will update the panel with the default meshing parameters for a“nor-mal”(i.e.,ﬁner than coarse)mesh.(c)Turn on Max X size,Max Y size,and Max Z size,and set each of them to0.3.(d)Change the Max O-grid height to0.001.This will restrict the tendency of the meshing algorithm to wrap O-grid type meshes around objects.(e)Select Object params and click Edit.Airpak will open the Per-object mesh parameters panel.(f)Set object-speciﬁc meshing parameters for the air-inlet opening.i.In the Per-object mesh parameters panel,highlight air-inlet.Airpak will display the object-speciﬁc meshing parameters for the opening.ii.Select Y count and Z count.iii.Under Requested,enter5for Y count and Z count.iv.Click Done to save the settings and close the panel.air-inlet will be displayed in red to indicate that meshing parameters havebeen set for this object.(g)Click the Generate Mesh button in the Mesh control panel to generate aﬁnermesh.5.Examine the new mesh.The graphics display will be updated automatically to show the new mesh(Fig-ure1.7).You can move the two square boxes in the Display section of the Meshcontrol panel to advance the plane cut and view the mesh throughout the model.Figure1.7:Fine Mesh on the y-z Plane6.Turn oﬀthe mesh display.(a)Select the Display tab at the top of the Mesh control panel.(b)Deselect the Display mesh option.(c)Click Close to close the Mesh control panel.Step5:Check the Flow RegimeBefore starting the solver,you willﬁrst review estimates of the Reynolds and Peclet numbers to check that the properﬂow regime is being modeled.1.Check the values of the Reynolds and Peclet numbers.Solve−→Settings−→Basic(a)Click the Reset button.(b)Check the values printed to the Message window.The Reynolds and Peclet numbers are approximately12000and9000,respec-tively,so theﬂow is turbulent.Since you are currently modeling turbulentﬂow,no changes are required.The Message window will also report that theinitial air velocity has been reset to−10−4times gravity.This modiﬁcationimproves the convergence of natural convection calculations.(c)Click Accept to save the new solver settings.Step6:Save the Model to a Job FileAirpak will save the model for you automatically before it starts the calculation,but it is a good idea to save the model(including the mesh)yourself as well.If you exit Airpak before you start the calculation,you will be able to open the job you saved and continue your analysis in a future Airpak session.(If you start the calculation in the current Airpak session,Airpak will simply overwrite your jobﬁle when it saves the model.)File−→Save ProjectStep7:Calculate a Solution1.Increase the Number of iterations to1000.Solve−→Settings−→Basic2.Modify the parameters for the solver.Solve−→Settings−→Advanced(a)In the Advanced solver setup panel,enter the following values for Under-relaxation:•Pressure:0.7•Momentum:0.3•Retain the defaults for Temperature,Viscosity,Body forces,and h2o.Occasionally,for low ventilationﬂow rates,it may be necessary to adjust theunder-relaxation factors for Pressure and Momentum to0.7and0.3,respec-tively,so that the calculation will converge more easily.Lowﬂow rates in thistutorial require such changes in these factors.(b)Click Accept to store the settings and close the Advanced solver setup panel.3.Start the calculation.Solve−→Run Solution(a)Keep the default settings in the Solve panel.(b)Click Start solution to start the solver.Figure1.8:Solve PanelAirpak will begin to calculate a solution for the model,and a separate window will open where the solver will print the numerical values of the residuals.Airpak will also open the Monitor graphics display and control window,where it will display the convergence history for the calculation.If you do not want to wait for the calculation toﬁnish,you can save time by reading in the results provided in the tutorials directory and then following the instructions(in the next step of this tutorial)for examining the results.See the preface(Using This Manual)for details.Upon completion of the calculation,your residual plot will look similar to Figure1.9.Note that the actual values of the residuals may diﬀer slightly on diﬀerent machines,so your plot may not look exactly the same as Figure1.9.In the window where the residual values are printed,the calculation will continue after the residual plot stops,as the equations for radiation and mean age of air are solved.To get a more accurate solution,it may be necessary to continue the calcula-tion until all residual plots level oﬀ.You can do this by reducing the conver-gence criteria for theﬂow and energy equations in the Solver setup panel and restarting the calculation.See the User’s Guide for details about restarting the calculation from an existing solution.4.When the solution is completed,as in Figure1.9,close the Monitor window byclicking Done.Figure1.9:ResidualsStep8:Examine the ResultsThe objective of this exercise is to consider the airﬂow patterns through out the oﬃce and the heat dissipation of the energy sources in the room.You will also examine the comfort level of the room.You will accomplish this by examining the solution using Airpak’s graphical postprocessing tools.1.Display velocity vectors on a horizontal plane cut through the oﬃce.Post−→Plane cutFigure1.10:Plane Cut Panel(a)In the Info tab,enter the name velocity-vectors in the Nameﬁeld.(b)Keep the default selection of Point and normal for the plane speciﬁcation.(c)Specify the point(PX,PY,PZ)as(0,2.55,-2),and the normal(NX,NY,NZ)as(0,1,0).This deﬁnes a cross-section in the x-z plane,passing through the point(0,2.55,-2).(d)Select Show vectors.(e)Click Create.(f)Click on the Orient menu and select Positive Y.This will orient the model as shown in Figure1.11.You can see theﬂowdistribution of low-velocity ventilation air throughout the oﬃce on this plane.You can use the slider bar under Set plane in the Plane cut panel to move thevector plane through the model.(g)In the Plane cut panel,turn oﬀthe Active option and click Update.This will temporarily remove the velocity vector display from the graphics win-dow,so that you can more easily view the next postprocessing object.Figure1.11:Velocity Vectors in an x-z Cross SectionHint:If the Plane cut panel is not visible on your screen,select velocity-vectors in the Post objects list in the postprocessing Edit panel to bring the Planecut panel to the foreground.2.Display the mean age of the air in the oﬃce.(a)Click New in the Plane cut panel.(b)In the Info tab,enter the name mean-age-air in the Nameﬁeld.(c)Select Point and normal for the plane speciﬁcation.(d)Specify the point(PX,PY,PZ)as(0,2,0),and the normal(NX,NY,NZ)as(0,1,0).This deﬁnes a cross-section in the x-z plane,passing through the point(0,2,0).(e)Select Show contours and click Parameters.The Plane cut contours panel will open.(f)Select Mean age of air in the drop-down list.Figure1.12:Plane Cut Contours Panel(g)Click Done to update the graphics display and close the panel.(h)Click on the Orient menu and select Isometric view.The graphics display will be updated to show the mean age of air contour plot, as shown in Figure1.13.Figure1.13:Mean Age of Air Contours(i)In the Plane cut panel,turn oﬀthe Active option and click Done.3.Display contours of temperature on the block surfaces in the oﬃce.Post−→Object face(a)In the Face nameﬁeld,enter the name temp-contours.(b)In the Object drop down list,select all block objects using the<Ctrl>key andthe left mouse button.Click Accept.(c)Keep the default Object sides.(d)Select Show contours and click Parameters.The Object face contours panel will open.。

Airpak_学习教程(翻译50页) (1)

Airpak 2.0 使用指南办公室通风•简介•前言•问题描述•第一步：打开并定义一个新任务•第二步：创建模型•第三步：加入辐射和模型•第四步：计算网格•第五步：检查风状况•第五步：将模型保存到任务文件中•第六步：计算一个解决方案•第七步：检查结果•汇总•参考文献简介这篇教程演示了如何使用Airpak在计算机上创建有两个人工作的办公室的模型教程中你将学会：•打开一个新任务•包括计算机模拟相对湿度影响的分布•创建blocks, openings, vents, partitions, 和 walls•创建辐射影响的模型•改变计算机计算的迭代次数•计算一个结果•检查模型表面轮廓和物体表面的矢量，以及横断面图•空气入口的粒子流轨迹•通过计算机计算检查房间里的舒适度的预测平均值(PMV)和不满百分比（PPD）必装条件这个教程假设你对airpak没有经验，但是你很熟悉接口，如果您不是，请检查第一张的用户指南问题描述这个办公室分为两个部分,每部分包含一个人，坐在电脑前工作,如图 1.1。

这个办公室还包括六个荧光灯、暖气片、空气入口、回风口,窗户。

表面温度和空气流速剖面,目的是为了确定整个舒适的房间。

Table 1.1:几何参数,导热性，窗户和扩散器的流动边界条件尺寸温度速度13.5 C 0.85 m/s进气口扩散0.2 m 0.3 m30.9 C ---窗户3.65 m 1.16 mTable 1.2:热源的尺寸和性能热源Size Power1500 W墙挂式取暖1.2 m 0.1 m 0.2 m75 W人0.4 m 0.35 m 1.1 m108 WComputer 10.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m173 WComputer 20.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m34 W灯0.2 m 1.2 m 0.15 mFigure 1.1:通风问题所研究的办公室的几何参数Step 1: Open and Define a New Job1.启动airpak,如简介1.5中说明的那样，打开任务面板将自动开启2.为你的任务取一个名字(a)In the Select the job to open text box, type /office at the end of the path.在选择任务打开文字框内，输入/office在路径的最后(b)Click Accept. 点击接受Airpak will create a default room with the dimensions 10 m 3 m 10 m, anddisplay the room in the graphics window.Airpak将创建一个默认的尺寸为10x3x10的房间，并放置在图形窗口内。

利用Airpak模拟室内气流组织的误差分析

ＰＰＯ
远离的区域不满意百分比较高．结合ＰＭＶ与ＰＰＤ评价，
可认为小部分区域满足舒适要求，而大部分区域不满足．
３实测数据与模拟的对比分析
根据ＧＢ／Ｔ５７０１ — ２００８《室内热环境条件》的要求，对
修改稿日期：２０１３－０卜１４
基金项目：陕西省科技厅攻关项目（２００９Ｋ１０ — １７）；西安工程大学研究生创新基金资助项目（ｃｈｘ１２１０１９）作者简介：狄育慧（１９６４一），女，陕西西安人，教授，硕导，主要从事建筑节能方向的研究．
壁面边界：所模拟的房间位于顶层，北向墙壁壁温为３２℃ ，北窗为３２℃ ；天花板壁温为３２℃ ；其他
壁面与相邻空调房相连，可认为为绝热壁面；电脑为热流边界，热流量为１７３ｗ；吊灯热流量为３４ｗ；人体模型为坐姿，短袖短裤．
根据某办公室的实际建筑模型与室内
设备分布，建立图１所示的数值模拟物理模型，该房间的几何尺寸为：长 ×宽 ×高一
７．８ｍｘ７．４ｍ ×３．５ｍ．有五个人在室内，
６台电脑和６根荧光灯，２０个格子间办公桌．图中的负方向为北方，正方向为东
Ｆｉｇ．１Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌ

小区通风模拟

Airpak 2.0 案例分析∙简介∙问题描述∙第一步：打开并定义一个新任务∙第二步：创建模型∙第三步：加入辐射和模型∙第四步：计算网格∙第五步：检查风状况∙第五步：将模型保存到任务文件中∙第六步：计算一个解决方案∙第七步：检查结果简介本案例演示如何使用Airpak在计算机上创建小区通风的模型，你将学会：∙打开一个新任务∙创建blocks, openings,和 walls∙改变计算机计算的迭代次数∙计算一个结果∙检查模型表面轮廓和物体表面的矢量，以及横断面图∙通过计算机计算检查房间里的风速的预测平均值问题描述湍流模型：RNG两方程模型计算区域：上风向取5倍模型高度，下风向取5倍模型高度，高度取4倍模型高度室外风速风向：1.8m/s，南偏东30°Step 1: Open and Define a New Job1. 启动airpak,如图1中说明的那样，打开任务面板将自动开启2. 为你的任务取一个名字a）file→open，在选择任务打开文字框内，输入/uptown在路径的最后b）点击accept，接受。

（Airpak将创建一个默认的尺寸为10x3x10的房间，并放置在图形窗口内）左键围绕一个中心点旋转物体，你还可以用鼠标中键将它移动到任意一点，鼠标右键可以放大缩小视窗来进入或者退出房间。

如果想把房间保存在默认位置，点击选项（Options）菜单中的确定方向（Orient）按钮，在下拉菜单中选择房间（Home）。

新建任务面板RNG 湍流模型全局设置面板Step 2: Build the Model 创建模型创建模型，你需要调整计算区域范围，然后创建小区建筑，包括住宅楼和商业裙房，回风口（ventilation return ）及输入出风口（input diffuser）1. Resize the default room. 调整默认房间尺寸Model→Room(a)在编辑（Edit）面板，输入下面的坐标(b)点击修改（Modify）来调整计算区域。