基于PLC的物料分拣系统毕业设计外文翻译
毕业论文外文文献翻译PLC物料自动分拣系统PLC-automatic-sorting-system
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：PLC物料自动分拣系统文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文翻译PLC今天PLC (programmable logical controller)，可编程序逻辑控制器)面临着更为复杂的挑战。
当初，它们悄悄地取代了继电器、接触器并时不时见诸于公司主框架的报告。
而今，他们已经组成了各种单元、被赋予新的任务、使用新的语言，并面临着与各种新型控制产品竞争。
作为每年一度PLC技术最新报道，我们请教了PLC市场销售人员，制作了这个专刊。
编程语言高级PLC编程语言已经在有些方面很普及，但是最近高级编程语言已经迅速发展。
西门子的总经理兼生产部长指出：“可编程控制在被广泛的应用与于精密操作，除了梯形图逻辑以外的编程语言变得更加实用、有效和强大。
例如，用梯形图逻辑写一个三角函数公式是非常困难的。
”被接收的语言包括Boolean,控制系统流程图编制，和如公式编制语言Graphtec和与它类似的语言，并且还有增加的重要语言如C语言和BASIC语言。
过程控制中的PLCPLC还没有广泛的应用于过程控制中。
是否会一直这样下去呢？北美GE Fanuc一系列和六系列的生产企划经理Ken Jeannette说：“我觉得PLC将被用于过程控制但是对于过程控制又不是必须的。
”一些厂家十分确定PLC不会广泛用于过程控制。
Rich Ryan经理提到PLC 在食品、化学和石油等工业领域越来越多的应用。
他认为PLC适合应用于场合有两种，他说：“第一，过程控制系统的型号不适合离散控制系统，刚开始这些产品的价格非常的高。
而一个可编程控制器以它的体积小，价格低顺理成章的被应用。
第二，你必须把电路和逻辑紧密的结合起来。
例如，一组基本的控制器，连续的过程变量紧密的互相联系在一起，以至于用可编程控制器来完成一系列的逻辑胜过没有离散控制器的系统。
基于S7300PLC物料分拣系统的设计设计
本科生毕业设计(论文)学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：自动化学生：指导教师：完成日期年月基于S7-300 PLC物料分拣系统的软件设计Software Design of Material SortingSystem Based on S7-300 PLC总计：29页表格：3个插图： 20 幅本科毕业设计（论文）基于S7-300 PLC物料分拣系统的软件设计Software Design of Material Sorting System Based on S7-300 PLC学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：自动化学生姓名：学号：指导教师（职称）：评阅教师：完成日期：基于S7-300 PLC物料分拣系统的软件设计自动化专业[摘要] 本文是基于西门子S7-300 PLC和西门子触摸屏的物料分拣系统设计。
采用S7-300 PLC为控制器，以西门子触摸屏为人机对话接口。
通过分析控制系统的工艺流程，利用西门子编程软件STEP 7完成了PLC的程序设计，实现了气动机械手对物料的分拣功能。
同时使用西门子HMI软件Wincc Flexible设计系统监控画面，定义I/O 设备，构造数据库，建立动画连接并与硬件系统进行了联合调试，在触摸屏上实现了对系统的实时控制。
[关键词]物料分拣；气动机械手；S7-300 PLC；触摸屏Software Design of Material SortingSystem Based on S7-300 PLCAutomation Specialty XU Bao-haiAbstract: This paper designs the material sorting system on the basis of Siemens S7-300 PLC and Siemens touch screen. S7-300 PLC is utilized as the controller and Siemens touch screen is adopted as the human machine interface conversation. By analyzing the control system process flows, PLC procedures are designed by means of Siemens’programming software STEP 7, and the purpose of materials’ sorting function with pneumatic manipulator is achieved. Meanwhile, Siemens’ HMI software, Wincc Flexible, is used to design monitor- ing screen of system, to define I/O equipments, to construct the database, to build animation and to debug on-line with hardware system. In the end, the goal of real time monitoring for the system on the touch screen is achieved.Key words: Material sorting; pneumatic manipulator; S7-300 programmable logic controller; touch screen目录1 引言 (1)1.1 物料分拣系统的概述 (1)1.2 物料分拣系统的国内外研究现状 (1)1.3 研究的目的及意义 (1)2 物料分拣系统的硬件分析 (2)2.1 控制系统的设计 (2)2.1.1 物料分拣系统的分析 (2)2.1.2 控制器的选型 (2)2.2 空气压缩机的工作原理及使用 (3)2.3 接近开关的工作原理 (3)2.4 带磁性开关的气缸的工作原理 (4)2.5 光纤传感器的工作原理 (4)2.6 电控换向阀的工作原理 (4)2.7 NPN型电平与PNP型的转换 (5)2.8 物料分拣系统的结构 (5)3 物料分拣系统的软件设计 (6)3.1 PLC程序设计步骤 (6)3.2 机械手移动的工艺流程 (7)3.3 PLC程序的地址分配 (7)3.4 程序流程图的设计 (8)3.4.1 物料分拣系统的工作流程 (8)3.4.2 程序流程图的设计 (10)3.5 物料分拣系统程序的设计 (10)3.5.1 PLC的编程原则 (10)3.5.2 STEP 7 V5.4编程软件的使用 (10)3.5.3 程序的设计 (13)4 HMI（触摸屏）的应用 (13)4.1 HMI概述 (13)4.2 HMI实现方法和步骤 (13)4.2.1 HMI组态 (13)4.2.2 HMI与PLC的连接和传送 (16)结束语 (18)参考文献 (19)附录..................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计外文翻译
外文文献翻译毕业设计题目基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计翻译题目The Design of Material Choose SystemBased on PLC译文一：关于可编程控制器技术与未来发展随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象。
人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径。
我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制，那已经是时代的过去，如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到；而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题，通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制，使得自动化走向了新的高潮。
一个系统化的设计PLC程序的方法可以克服传统程序生产控制系统的缺点，并且在一些工业应用总有很大的不同。
自动控制系统是状态模型用公式语言或等价的语言描述的。
公式描述对被控制的系统的行为提供一个精确的描述。
可以通过分析估计看状态模型是否达到想要的目标。
第二，为状态模型的描述提供结构描述，这个结构描述可以说明逻辑要求和如细节安全规则的限制。
第三，好的控制系统设计是对自动控制代码生成有益的——一种能够产生可执行的控制软件的能力，不同的逻辑控制器可以减少程序扫描时间和执行那个时间。
特别的，这个主题与随后的部分的是有关的。
在现代制造业中，系统是用过程和结果的革新来描述的，并且因此不得不改变系统性能以快速做出反应。
因此，一个大的挑战是提供技术以限制自动控制系统对变化需要和新机会的反应，所以，设计和操作知识可以实时的被再次利用，在工业实践中提供了一个重要的竞争面。
基于PLC的物料输送分拣系统监控程序设计
南京理工大学毕业设计说明书(论文)作者: ma kha 学号：0958200102学院(系):专业: 自动化题目: 基于PLC的物料输送分拣系统监控程序设计指导者：评阅者：2013年05月毕业设计说明书（论文）中文摘要毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要目录第一章绪论 (1)1.1 可编程控制器PLC (1)1.1.1PLC的特点 (2)1.1.2PLC与别的控制器的比较 (2)1.2 人机界面HMI (3)1.2.1人机界面的特点 (4)1.2.2组态软件的功能及特点 (5)1.2.3触摸屏的应用 (6)1.3 本章小结 (6)第2章硬件设备和组态软件介绍 (7)2.1 监控系统选型 (7)2.2 西门子S7-200 PLC系统概述 (7)2.3 西门子SMART LINE 700IE 触摸屏使用简介 (8)2.3.1西门子S MART L INE 700IE触摸屏特点 (8)2.3.2西门子S MART L INE 700IE触摸屏的连接 (9)2.4 WINCC FLEXIBLE组态软件介绍 (11)2.4.1SMATIC HMI介绍 (12)2.4.2W IN CC F LEXIBLE 的功能和特点 (12)2.4.3W IN CC F LEXIBLE 与P RO T OOL的比较 (13)2.4.4W IN CC F LEXIBLE 与W IN CC的比较 (13)2.5 本章小结 (14)第3章监控程序设计 (15)3.1 监控程序设计的基本思想 (15)3.1.1分拣系统工作流程 (15)3.1.2监控程序基本原理 (17)3.1.3西门子S7-200PLC寄存器分类 (18)3.2 监控程序设计 (19)3.2.1监控程序总体设计 (19)3.2.2地址分配 (20)3.2.3自动控制界面 (21)3.2.4监控界面 (24)3.2.5报警界面 (26)3.2.6数据统计界面 (27)3.3 程序仿真下载和调试 (28)3.3.1程序仿真 (28)3.3.2程序下载 (29)3.3.3程序调试 (31)3.3.3程序设计过程中出现的问题 (31)3.4 本章小结 (32)结论 (33)致谢 (34)参考文献 (35)第一章 绪论自动分拣系统（Automated Sorting System ）是二次大战后在日本，美国的物流中心中广泛采用的一种自动分拣系统，该系统目前已经成为发达国家大中型物流中心不可缺少的一部分。
材料分拣装置的PLC控制系统_毕业设计论文
石家庄铁道学院毕业设计（论文）材料分拣装置的PLC控制系统Material sorting PLC control2014届石家庄铁道学院成人教育分院(系)专业电气自动化应用毕业设计（论文）任务书下料传感器动作，传送带运行，电感传感器检测到铁块材料时，汽缸1动作将材料推下。
电容传感器检测到铝块材料时，汽缸2动作将材料推下。
颜色传感器检测到非金属材料黄色块时，汽缸3动作将材料推下。
其它颜色非金属材料块被传送到SD位置时，汽缸4动作将材料推下。
竖井式下料槽无料时，传送带运行一个行程自动停机。
毕业设计（论文）开题报告毕业设计（论文）评语及成绩摘要随着科学技术的飞速发展，现代工业控制系统越来越复杂，传统控制科学面临着新的挑战。
PLC以其体积小、功能齐全、价格低廉和可靠性高等方面具有独特的优点，在各个领域获得了广泛应用。
PLC的使用大大提高了控制系统的可靠性和自控程度，为企业提供了更可靠的生产保障。
如何在PLC自动控制领域充分发挥PLC的优势，是目前自动控制学科的重要课题之一。
本课题正是在这样的背景下，围绕基于PLC的材料分拣装置设计展开研究。
论文首先叙述了PLC的材料分拣装置的发展背景、现状和发展方向。
然后，说明了PLC自动分拣控制系统工作原理和与传统继电器的区别。
本文详细叙述了一种基于PLC的材料分拣装置设计及自动控制编程，以及怎样通过PLC程序设计来实现材料分拣和自动控制。
其电路结构简单，投资少（可利用原有设施改造），分拣系统不仅自动化程度高，还具有在线修改功能，灵活性强，系统具有数据采集准确、可靠性高及系统成本低等优点。
关键词：PLC；材料分拣；自动控制；传感器ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of science and technology, modern industrial control systems become more complicated, the traditional control of science is facing new challenges. PLC with its small size, full-featured, low cost and high reliability has unique advantages, in various fields has been applied widely. The use of PLC control system greatly improved the reliability and automation level, providing a more reliable production and protection. How to give full play to PLC automatic control advantages, is an important subject in one of the automatic control.This topic is in this context, the surrounding material sorting device based on PLC design of a study. Paper first describes the material sorting device PLC backs the development, current status and future directions. Then, show the work of PLC control system for automatic sorting principle and the difference between traditional relays.This paper describes the material sorting based on PLC control device design and programming, PLC programming and how to achieve by material sorting and automatic control. The circuit structure is simple, less investment (transformation of existing facilities can be used), sorting system is not only a high degree of automation, but also changes with the online features, flexibility, accurate data acquisition system with high reliability and system cost low.Keywords: PLC；material sorting；automatic control；sensor目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 PLC材料分拣装置的研究背景 (1)1.2 PLC材料分拣系统的现状 (1)1.3 PLC材料分拣系统的发展方向 (1)1.3.1系统集成 (2)1.3.2工艺创新 (2)1.3.3自动分捡机 (2)第2章PLC材料分拣系统的硬件设计 (4)2.1 PLC自动分拣控制系统工作原理 (4)2.2系统的硬件配置 (5)2.3系统的运行方式 (6)2.4 PLC与传统继电器的区别及选型 (7)2.4.1 PLC与传统继电器的区别 (7)2.4.2 PLC设计选型的一般原则 (8)2.5铁传感器的选用 (8)2.6铝传感器的选用 (9)2.7颜色传感器的选用 (10)2.8光电传感器的选用 (11)2.9 气压传动装置选用 (11)2.9.1气源装置 (11)2.9.2气压发生装置 (12)2.9.3冷却器 (13)2.9.4储气罐 (13)2.9.5气动控制装置 (13)2.10限位开关的选用 (14)2.11熔断器的选用 (14)2.12电动机的选用 (14)第3章PLC自动控制的软件设计 (15)3.1系统程序流程 (15)3.2系统I/O分配 (17)3.3 系统功能表图 (19)3.4材料分拣装置PLC梯形图 (20)第4章总结与展望 (22)4.1总结 (22)4.2 未来展望 (22)总结 (26)参考文献 (25)致谢 (24)附录 (24)第1章绪论1.1 PLC材料分拣装置的研究背景随着微处理器、计算机和数字通信技术的飞速发展，计算机控制几乎扩展到所有工业领域。
基于PLC控制的物料自动分拣系统设计
基于PLC控制的物料自动分拣系统设计【摘要】可编程序逻辑控制器（简称为PLC）主要是为现场控制而设计，是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，由于具有良好的适应性和可扩展能力，而得到越来越广泛的应用。
传统的物料分拣企业，一直采用人工分拣的方法，致使生产效率低，生产成本高，企业的竞争能力差，为提高企业效率，材料的自动分拣已成为企业的唯一选择。
针对上述问题，本文利用PLC技术，结合气动、传感器和位置控制等技术，设计了一种成本低、效率高的材料自动分拣装置。
本文设计的自动分拣装置可以将不同材质的物料进行分拣，搬运。
为高校的教学与科研提供了一个系统的操作平台。
【关键词】PLC；物料分拣；传感器；1、引言在工业生产应用中成品或者半成品工件的分拣是流水作业的重要组成部份。
过去采用的人工分拣或半机械分拣方法劳动强度大、速度慢、效率低导致企业生产成本高竞争力差。
随着机械自动化水平的不断提高，自动分拣技术在物品分拣中的应用越来越广泛，已成为企业提高竞争能力的唯一选择，既减少人力资源的浪费，又减轻工人的劳动强度，还提高生产效率，大大加强产品生产的自动化。
[2]本文设计的物料自动分拣系统是一个机、电、气集合的综合体，系统的程序主要由三菱FX-2N系列PLC控制；由变频器及传感器控制输送带运行；各类传感器实现材料的检测、姿势的判别等。
在对物料自动分拣系统使用的PLC及控制技术分析的基础上，提出电气控制系统的总体方案，设计整个系统控制部分与传动部分连接，结合PLC梯形图分析了程序设计思路与主要控制功能。
2、FX系列PLC原理及应用2.1 PLC概述可编程逻辑控制器（Programmable Logic Controller，简称PLC）是专为在工业环境下应用而设计的数字运算操作电子系统，是微机技术与传统的继电接触控制技术相结合的产物，它克服了继电接触控制系统中的机械触点的接线复杂、可靠性低、功耗高、通用性和灵活性差的缺点，充分利用了微处理器的优点。
毕业设计-基于PLC的供料搬运分拣装配流水线控制的设计
浙江万里学院本科毕业设计(论文)(2013届)论文题目基于PLC的供料搬运分拣装配流水线控制的设计(英文) The Design of Material Handling Sorting Assembly Lines Based on Programmable Logic Controller所在学院电子信息学院专业班级电气工程及其自动化电气092班学生姓名学号指导教师职称高级实验师完成日期 2013 年 5 月 9 日基于PLC的供料搬运分拣装配流水线控制的设计（浙江万里学院电子信息学院电气092班）2013年5月摘要该文主要讨论了供料搬运分拣装配流水线控制的设计制作，文中可编程逻辑控制器，配合变频器，步进电机，气缸等设备来实现自动供料分拣装配。
对设计的自动流水线控制的硬件设计和软件设计进行了说明。
首先阐述了自动流水线的特点、现阶段发展情况与未来的发展前景和发展方向。
其次硬件设计部分介绍了，自动流水线各装置的硬件外型；流水线中使用的传感器的种类，圆盘式供料装置、机械手搬运装置等装置的硬件组成及选型；各装置的初始状态、工作流程；三菱FX2N-48MR的参数及I/O接线图。
再对软件设计部分对系统中分拣装置、警示灯组等部分自动控制原理进行了介绍；部分功能梯形图。
该系统基本实现了对不同材料、不同颜色的工件的供料、搬运、分拣、装配的功能。
具有自动化程度高、运行稳定、精度高、易控制的特点,可根据不同对象,稍加修改本系统即可实现类似的工作要求。
关键词：PLC；传感器；变频器；装配流水线AbstractThis paper mainly discusses the design for material handling sorting assembly line control, the programmable logic controller, inverter, stepper motors, cylinders and other equipment to achieve automatic feeding sorting assembly. In this paper design of automatic assembly line control hardware and software design are described. Firstly describes the characteristics of the automatic assembly line,and the current stage of development today，prospects and direction of development. Secondly, hardware design part introduced the appearance of hardware device; hardware components and selection; PLC selection and I / O. The software design part introduce automatic control theory; Block Diagram; function ladder. The system basically achieved for different materials, different colors of the workpiece feeding, handling, sorting, assembly.this system have high degree of automation, stable operation, high precision, easy control, depending on the object, slightly modified the system to achieve a similar job requirements.Key words：PLC; Sensor;Inverter r; Assembly line目录1 引言 (1)2 总体设计 (3)2.1 系统基本组成 (3)2.2 系统工作流程 (5)3 系统硬件设计 (6)3.1 圆盘式供料装置 (6)3.1.1 圆盘式供料装置设备组成 (6)3.1.2 自动控制过程说明 (7)3.1.3 圆盘式供料装置控制流程图 (7)3.2 机械手搬运装置 (8)3.2.1 机械手搬运装置设备组成 (8)3.2.2 自动控制过程说明 (9)3.3 分拣装置 (10)3.3.1 分拣装置设备组成 (11)3.3.2 自动控制过程说明 (11)3.4 传感器的确定 (12)3.4.1 光电传感器 (12)3.4.2 电感式传感器 (12)3.4.3 光纤传感器 (13)3.4.4 电容式接近开关 (13)3.4.5 磁性开关 (13)3.5 气动系统 (14)3.5.1 气源组件装置 (14)3.5.2 气动控制装置 (14)3.5.3 气动系统图 (15)3.6 控制核心 (16)3.6.1 基本单元的端子排列 (16)3.6.2 PLC电源规格 (17)3.6.3 I/ O分配表 (17)3.6.2 系统接线 (18)4 系统软件设计 (20)4.1 正常启动 (20)4.2 急停 (20)4.3 警示灯组 (21)4.4 圆盘式供料装置控制 (21)4.5 机械手搬运装置搬运控制 (22)4.6 分拣系统控制 (24)5 总结 (26)致谢 (27)参考文献 (28)附录1 部分程序代码 (29)1 引言自动化车间与自动化工厂是近几年制造业发展的方向，自动流水线则是自动化生产的基础。
开题报告基于PLC控制的物料分拣系统设计1
（3）成品分拣机构
当入料口光电传感器检测到物料时，变频器接收启动信号，三相交流异步电机以30HZ的频率正转运行，皮带开始输送工件，当料槽一到位检测传感器检测到金属物料时，推料一气缸动作，将金属物料推入一号料槽，料槽检测传感器检测到有工件经过时，电动机停止；当料槽二检测传感器检测到白色物料时，旋转气缸动作，将白色物料导入二号料槽，料槽检测传感器检测到有工件经过时，旋转气缸转回原位，同时电动机停止；当物料为黑色物料直接导入三号料槽，料槽检测传感器检测到有工件经过时，电动机停止。
然而，尽管自动分拣系统有非常多的优点，但因其要求使用者必须具备一定的技术经济条件，在发达国家，物流中心、配送中心或流通中心不用自动分拣系统的情况也很普遍。其主要原因有两点:
1、一次性投资巨大，先期投入回收慢。系统的设备复杂，投资和运营成本相当高，需要可靠的货源作保证，也许只有大型生产企业或专业物流公司才有能力投资，小企业则无能为力。
5.参考文献
参考文献：
[1] 崔保春,单鹏.基于PLC的物料分拣控制的设计[J].科技信息,2010,(32):640.
[2] 李海雯.基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计[J].电工技术,2012,(6):47-48.
[3] 吴迎春,徐连强,张家骅.触摸屏和PLC在物料分拣系统中的应用[J].机械制造与自动化,2012,42(02):171-173.
如今，国际竞争日益加剧，为了发展我国物流业，国内的许多企业和政府部门也在做更大的努力，也已取得了一定的成效。例如，随着科技的日新月异，国内的一些物流配送中心也开始结合自身特点、采用高技术含量的设备和系统来提高分拣配送效率。上海华联超市的配送中心采用高层立体货架和拆零商品拣选货架相结合的仓储系统和前移式蓄电池叉车、电动搬运车、电动拣选车和托盘，实现装卸搬运作业机械化，同时拆零商品配货电子化。采用电子标签拣选系统，使用电子标签设备，大幅度提高了分拣作业速度、降低了拣货出错率。随着对物流业的重视，国内一些物流设备生产企业在分拣设备的生产制造上也取得了一定的进展。例如，太原刚玉仓储设备公司和贵阳普天通信机械厂已设计生产货架电子标签拣选系统、小车式数字显示拣选系统、邮件自动分拣系统等; 珠海普天慧科信息技术有限公司研发出PTL（Pick-to-light & Put-to-light）电子标签拣选系统，除具备电子标签拣选系统的一般优点之外，还具有弹性控制拣货作业流程、即时现场监控、紧急订单处理和缺货通知等强大的功能
PLC物料自动分拣系统PLC-automatic-sorting-system毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：PLC物料自动分拣系统文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文翻译PLC今天PLC (programmable logical controller)，可编程序逻辑控制器)面临着更为复杂的挑战。
当初，它们悄悄地取代了继电器、接触器并时不时见诸于公司主框架的报告。
而今，他们已经组成了各种单元、被赋予新的任务、使用新的语言，并面临着与各种新型控制产品竞争。
作为每年一度PLC技术最新报道，我们请教了PLC市场销售人员，制作了这个专刊。
编程语言高级PLC编程语言已经在有些方面很普及，但是最近高级编程语言已经迅速发展。
西门子的总经理兼生产部长指出：“可编程控制在被广泛的应用与于精密操作，除了梯形图逻辑以外的编程语言变得更加实用、有效和强大。
例如，用梯形图逻辑写一个三角函数公式是非常困难的。
”被接收的语言包括Boolean,控制系统流程图编制，和如公式编制语言Graphtec和与它类似的语言，并且还有增加的重要语言如C语言和BASIC语言。
过程控制中的PLCPLC还没有广泛的应用于过程控制中。
是否会一直这样下去呢？北美GE Fanuc一系列和六系列的生产企划经理Ken Jeannette说：“我觉得PLC将被用于过程控制但是对于过程控制又不是必须的。
”一些厂家十分确定PLC不会广泛用于过程控制。
Rich Ryan经理提到PLC 在食品、化学和石油等工业领域越来越多的应用。
他认为PLC适合应用于场合有两种，他说：“第一，过程控制系统的型号不适合离散控制系统，刚开始这些产品的价格非常的高。
而一个可编程控制器以它的体积小，价格低顺理成章的被应用。
第二，你必须把电路和逻辑紧密的结合起来。
例如，一组基本的控制器，连续的过程变量紧密的互相联系在一起，以至于用可编程控制器来完成一系列的逻辑胜过没有离散控制器的系统。
基于plc控制的物料分拣系统设计外文翻译
Programmable logic controllerA programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result.The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed.Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay.In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner.One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84 moniker at the end of its product range until the 984 made its appearance.The automotive industry is still one of the largest users of PLCs.Early PLCs were designed to replace relay logic systems. These PLCs were programmed in "ladder logic", which strongly resembles a schematic diagram of relay logic. This program notation was chosen to reduce training demands for the existing technicians. Other early PLCs used a form of instruction list programming, based on a stack-based logic solver.Modern PLCs can be programmed in a variety of ways, from ladder logic tomore traditional programming languages such as BASIC and C. Another method is State Logic, a very high-level programming language designed to program PLCs based on state transition diagrams.Many early PLCs did not have accompanying programming terminals that were capable of graphical representation of the logic, and so the logic was instead represented as a series of logic expressions in some version of Boolean format, similar to Boolean algebra. As programming terminals evolved, it became more common for ladder logic to be used, for the aforementioned reasons. Newer formats such as State Logic and Function Block (which is similar to the way logic is depicted when using digital integrated logic circuits) exist, but they are still not as popular as ladder logic.A primary reason for this is that PLCs solve the logic in a predictable and repeating sequence, and ladder logic allows the programmer (the person writing the logic) to see any issues with the timing of the logic sequence more easily than would be possible in other formats.Early PLCs, up to the mid-1980s, were programmed using proprietary programming panels or special-purpose programming terminals, which often had dedicated function keys representing the various logical elements of PLC programs. Programs were stored on cassette tape cartridges. Facilities for printing and documentation were very minimal due to lack of memory capacity. The very oldest PLCs used non-volatile magnetic core memory.More recently, PLCs are programmed using application software on personal computers. The computer is connected to the PLC through Ethernet, RS-232, RS-485 or RS-422 cabling. The programming software allows entry and editing of the ladder-style logic. Generally the software provides functions for debugging and troubleshooting the PLC software, for example, by highlighting portions of the logic to show current status during operation or via simulation. The software will upload and download the PLC program, for backup and restoration purposes. In some models of programmable controller, the program is transferred from a personal computer to the PLC though a programming board which writes the program into a removable chip such as an EEPROM or EPROM.The functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include sequential relay control, motion control, process control, distributed control systems and networking. The data handling, storage, processing power and communication capabilities of some modern PLCs are approximately equivalent to desktop computers. PLC-like programming combined with remote I/O hardware, allow a general-purpose desktop computer to overlap some PLCs in certain applications. Regarding the practicality of these desktop computer based logic controllers, it is important to note that they have not been generally accepted in heavy industry because the desktop computers run on less stable operating systems than do PLCs, and because the desktop computer hardware is typically not designed to the same levels of tolerance to temperature, humidity, vibration, and longevity as the processors used in PLCs. In addition to the hardware limitations of desktop based logic, operating systems such asWindows do not lend themselves to deterministic logic execution, with the result that the logic may not always respond to changes in logic state or input status with the extreme consistency in timing as is expected from PLCs. Still, such desktop logic applications find use in less critical situations, such as laboratory automation and use in small facilities where the application is less demanding and critical, because they are generally much less expensive than PLCs.In more recent years, small products called PLRs (programmable logic relays), and also by similar names, have become more common and accepted. These are very much like PLCs, and are used in light industry where only a few points of I/O (i.e. a few signals coming in from the real world and a few going out) are involved, and low cost is desired. These small devices are typically made in a common physical size and shape by several manufacturers, and branded by the makers of larger PLCs to fill out their low end product range. Popular names include PICO Controller, NANO PLC, and other names implying very small controllers. Most of these have between 8 and 12 digital inputs, 4 and 8 digital outputs, and up to 2 analog inputs. Size is usually about 4" wide, 3" high, and 3" deep. Most such devices include a tiny postage stamp sized LCD screen for viewing simplified ladder logic (only a very small portion of the program being visible at a given time) and status of I/O points, and typically these screens are accompanied by a 4-way rocker push-button plus four more separate push-buttons, similar to the key buttons on a VCR remote control, and used to navigate and edit the logic. Most have a small plug for connecting via RS-232 or RS-485 to a personal computer so that programmers can use simple Windows applications for programming instead of being forced to use the tiny LCD and push-button set for this purpose. Unlike regular PLCs that are usually modular and greatly expandable, the PLRs are usually not modular or expandable, but their price can be two orders of magnitude less than a PLC and they still offer robust design and deterministic execution of the logic.4.PLC TopicsThe main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe conditions (such as dust, moisture, heat, cold) and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. These connect the PLC to sensors and actuators. PLCs read limit switches, analog process variables (such as temperature and pressure), and the positions of complex positioning systems. Some use machine vision. On the actuator side, PLCs operate electric motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, magnetic relays, solenoids, or analog outputs. The input/output arrangements may be built into a simple PLC, or the PLC may have external I/O modules attached to a computer network that plugs into the PLC.4.2System scaleA small PLC will have a fixed number of connections built in for inputs and outputs. Typically, expansions are available if the base model has insufficient I/O.Modular PLCs have a chassis (also called a rack) into which are placed modules with different functions. The processor and selection of I/O modules is customised for the particular application. Several racks can be administered by a single processor,and may have thousands of inputs and outputs. A special high speed serial I/O link is used so that racks can be distributed away from the processor, reducing the wiring costs for large plants.4.3User interfacePLCs may need to interact with people for the purpose of configuration, alarm reporting or everyday control.A simple system may use buttons and lights to interact with the user. Text displays are available as well as graphical touch screens. More complex systems use a programming and monitoring software installed on a computer, with the PLC connected via a communication interface.PLCs have built in communications ports, usually 9-pin RS-232, but optionally EIA-485 or Ethernet. Modbus, BACnet or DF1 is usually included as one of the communications protocols. Other options include various fieldbuses such as DeviceNet or Profibus. Other communications protocols that may be used are listed in the List of automation protocols.Most modern PLCs can communicate over a network to some other system, such as a computer running a SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system or web browser.PLCs used in larger I/O systems may have peer-to-peer (P2P) communication between processors. This allows separate parts of a complex process to have individual control while allowing the subsystems to co-ordinate over the communication link. These communication links are also often used for HMI devices such as keypads or PC-type workstations.PLC programs are typically written in a special application on a personal computer, then downloaded by a direct-connection cable or over a network to the PLC. The program is stored in the PLC either in battery-backed-up RAM or some other non-volatile flash memory. Often, a single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands of relays.Under the IEC 61131-3 standard, PLCs can be programmed using standards-based programming languages. A graphical programming notation called Sequential Function Charts is available on certain programmable controllers. Initially most PLCs utilized Ladder Logic Diagram Programming, a model which emulated electromechanical control panel devices (such as the contact and coils of relays) which PLCs replaced. This model remains common today.IEC 61131-3 currently defines five programming languages for programmable control systems: FBD (Function block diagram), LD (Ladder diagram), ST (Structured text, similar to the Pascal programming language), IL (Instruction list, similar to assembly language) and SFC (Sequential function chart). These techniques emphasize logical organization of operations.While the fundamental concepts of PLC programming are common to all manufacturers, differences in I/O addressing, memory organization and instruction sets mean that PLC programs are never perfectly interchangeable between differentmakers. Even within the same product line of a single manufacturer, different models may not be directly compatible.5.PLC compared with other control systemsPLCs are well-adapted to a range of automation tasks. These are typically industrial processes in manufacturing where the cost of developing and maintaining the automation system is high relative to the total cost of the automation, and where changes to the system would be expected during its operational life. PLCs contain input and output devices compatible with industrial pilot devices and controls; little electrical design is required, and the design problem centers on expressing the desired sequence of operations. PLC applications are typically highly customized systems so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a specific custom-built controller design. On the other hand, in the case of mass-produced goods, customized control systems are economic due to the lower cost of the components, which can be optimally chosen instead of a "generic" solution, and where the non-recurring engineering charges are spread over thousands or millions of units.For high volume or very simple fixed automation tasks, different techniques are used. For example, a consumer dishwasher would be controlled by an electromechanical cam timer costing only a few dollars in production quantities.A microcontroller-based design would be appropriate where hundreds or thousands of units will be produced and so the development cost (design of power supplies, input/output hardware and necessary testing and certification) can be spread over many sales, and where the end-user would not need to alter the control. Automotive applications are an example; millions of units are built each year, and very few end-users alter the programming of these controllers. However, some specialty vehicles such as transit busses economically use PLCs instead of custom-designed controls, because the volumes are low and the development cost would be uneconomic.Very complex process control, such as used in the chemical industry, may require algorithms and performance beyond the capability of even high-performance PLCs. Very high-speed or precision controls may also require customized solutions; for example, aircraft flight controls.Programmable controllers are widely used in motion control, positioning control and torque control. Some manufacturers produce motion control units to be integrated with PLC so that G-code (involving a CNC machine) can be used to instruct machine movements.PLCs may include logic for single-variable feedback analog control loop, a "proportional, integral, derivative" or "PID controller". A PID loop could be used to control the temperature of a manufacturing process, for example. Historically PLCs were usually configured with only a few analog control loops; where processes required hundreds or thousands of loops, a distributed control system (DCS) would instead be used. As PLCs have become more powerful, the boundary between DCS and PLC applications has become less distinct.PLCs have similar functionality as Remote Terminal Units. An RTU, however, usually does not support control algorithms or control loops. As hardware rapidlybecomes more powerful and cheaper, RTUs, PLCs and DCSs are increasingly beginning to overlap in responsibilities, and many vendors sell RTUs with PLC-like features and vice versa. The industry has standardized on the IEC 61131-3 functional block language for creating programs to run on RTUs and PLCs, although nearly all vendors also offer proprietary alternatives and associated development environments.6.Digital and analog signalsDigital or discrete signals behave as binary switches, yielding simply an On or Off signal (1 or 0, True or False, respectively). Push buttons, limit switches, and photoelectric sensors are examples of devices providing a discrete signal. Discrete signals are sent using either voltage or current, where a specific range is designated as On and another as Off. For example, a PLC might use 24 V DC I/O, with values above 22 V DC representing On, values below 2VDC representing Off, and intermediate values undefined. Initially, PLCs had only discrete I/O.Analog signals are like volume controls, with a range of values between zero and full-scale. These are typically interpreted as integer values (counts) by the PLC, with various ranges of accuracy depending on the device and the number of bits available to store the data. As PLCs typically use 16-bit signed binary processors, the integer values are limited between -32,768 and +32,767. Pressure, temperature, flow, and weight are often represented by analog signals. Analog signals can use voltage or current with a magnitude proportional to the value of the process signal. For example, an analog 0 - 10 V input or 4-20 mA would be converted into an integer value of 0 - 32767.可编程逻辑控制器可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）或可编程序控制器是用于机电过程自动化的数字计算机，例如控制机械厂生产线、游乐设施或照明装置。
基于PLC的物料自动分拣系统设计 毕业设计
基于PLC的物料自动分拣系统设计摘要随着工业自动化的普及和发展，生产过程中物料分拣的效率问题越来越引起人们的关注。
重复繁琐的人工分拣物料过程已不能满足企业追求的生产效益和如今社会的需求。
人、机器与物料三者关系的协调，已成为我们需要解决的重要问题之一。
理所当然，用尽可能少的人力控制机器分拣物料来完成如期的生产任务是最佳的选择模式——即采用自动化技术代替人工分拣物料的过程。
本文主要讲述PLC在材料分拣系统中的应用，利用可编程控制器( PLC) ，设计成本低、效率高的材料自动分拣装置。
以PLC为主控制器,结合气动装置、传感技术、位置控制等技术，控制产品的自动分拣。
系统具有自动化程度高、运行稳定、精度高、易控制的特点，可根据不同对象，稍加修改本系统即可实现要求。
关键词：传感器PLC 物料分拣目录第1章绪论 (1)1.1 论文研究背景 (1)1.2 研究现状及发展趋势 (1)1.3 论文研究的意义 (1)1.4 本论文研究的主要内容 (2)第2章物料分拣装置结构及总体设计 (3)2.1 材料分拣装置工作过程概述 (3)2.2 系统的技术指标 (4)2.3 系统的设计要求 (4)2.3.1功能要求 (4)2.3.2系统的控制要求 (4)第3章控制系统的硬件设计 (6)3.1系统的硬件结构 (6)3.2 系统关键技术 (6)3.2.1系统对PLC的要求 (6)3.2.2 PLC的选择 (7)3.2.3 PLC的输入输出端子分配 (9)3.2.4 PLC输入输出接线端子图 (10)3.3 检测元件与执行装置的选择 (11)3.3.1 输入电气元件 (11)3.3.2 输出电气元件 (16)3.3.3 执行电气元件 (18)第4章控制系统的软件设计 (22)4.1控制系统流程图设计 (22)4.2 西门子编程软件、模拟仿真软件 (23)4.2.2 西门子仿真软件 (23)4.3 控制系统程序设计 (24)第5章控制系统的调试 (30)5.1硬件调试 (30)5.2软件调试 (30)第6章总结 (31)参考文献 (32)致谢 (33)附录 (34)第1章绪论1.1 论文研究背景在现代工业中，生产过程的机械化、自动化已成为突出的主题。
基于PLC的物料分拣系统毕业设计外文翻译
基于PLC的物料分拣系统毕业设计外文翻译毕业设计外文文献翻译毕业设计题目基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计翻译题目The Design of Material Choose System Based on PLC专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名朱安乐班级A0916学号指导教师张晓机械与材料工程学院二O一二年十二月译文一:关于可编程控制器技术与未来发展?随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象。
人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径。
我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制,那已经是时代的过去,如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到;而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题,通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制,使得自动化走向了新的高潮。
一个系统化的设计?PLC程序的方法可以克服传统程序生产控制系统的缺点,并且在一些工业应用总有很大的不同。
自动控制系统是状态模型用公式语言或等价的语言描述的。
公式描述对被控制的系统的行为提供一个精确的描述。
可以通过分析估计看状态模型是否达到想要的目标。
第二,为状态模型的描述提供结构描述,这个结构描述可以说明逻辑要求和如细节安全规则的限制。
第三,好的控制系统设计是对自动控制代码生成有益的??一种能够产生可执行的控制软件的能力,不同的逻辑控制器可以减少程序扫描时间和执行那个时间。
特别的,这个主题与随后的部分的是有关的。
基于plc的物流分拣系统设计说明
摘要本文重点提出了调查单位材料的控制机制组合排序,并将分拣操作过程理解为订单的到达过程, 每个分拣器类型订单的服务过程和分拣机器之间的转换过程。
在控制过程中分拣器的分类线分为优先级分拣器和普通分拣器，优先级分拣器使用完整服务控制, 普通分拣器使用有限的服务(k = 1),适用于查询服务体系理论,通过嵌入式马尔可夫链和概率生成函数建立系统的数学模型,精确解决控制机制模型和第一和第二查询系统的特征参数,结合实际生产订单的优先级参数选择进行仿真分析。
关键词：拣选，查询机制，中等优先级查询。
AbstractAbstract—The paper proposed the priority polling control mechanism of the unit material combinations sorting lines, and sorters operating process is understood to be the arrival process of orders, service process of each sorter sorts orders and the conversion process between sorting machines. Control process, sorters of the combined sorting lines are divided into the priority sorters and ordinary sorters, priority sorters use full service control, ordinary sorters use limited service (k = 1), applies the polling service system theory, through the embedded Markov chain and probability generating function to establish the mathematical model of the system, the exact solution of the control mechanism of the polling system model and the first and second characteristic parameters, combined with the actual production priority parameters of orders picking for simulation analysis.Index Terms—Order Picking; Polling Mechanism;Secondary Priority Polling目录摘要 (1)1绪论 (4)1.1物流分拣系统简介 (4)1.2物流分拣系统的发展及应用情况 (5)1.3分拣系统的意义 (5)2物流分拣系统的结构和运行原理 (7)2.1物流分拣系统的结构 (7)2.1.1传送带与电机简介 (7)2.1.2传感器简介 (10)2.1.3可编程控制器（PLC）简介 (11)2.1.4电磁阀 (12)2.2物流分拣系统的运行原理 (14)3物流分拣系统中硬件选择设计 (15)3.1传送带与电机的选择 (15)3.2电机启动控制 (17)3.3传感器的选择 (18)3.4可编程控制器的选择 (19)3.4.1输入输出I/O点的估算 (19)3.4.2储存容量的估算 (19)3.4.3控制功能的选择 (20)3.4.4可编程控制器接线图 (21)3.5电磁阀的选择 (21)3.6电气控制柜设计 (25)4物流分拣系统软件设计 (26)4.1物流分拣系统的控制要求 (26)4.2物流分拣系统流程图 (27)4.3软件设计及编程 (27)4.4梯型图 (29)5总结 (31)致 (32)参考文献 (33)附录 (34)附录Ⅰ (34)附录Ⅱ (35)1绪论1.1物流分拣系统简介物流分拣系统分为：人工物流分拣系统和物流自动分拣系统两种。
基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计论文
xxxxx毕业设计题目基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计英文题目The Design of Material Choose System Based on PLC院系机械与材料工程学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名xxx年级2009(机材A0916)指导教师 xxx二零一三年六月摘要物料分拣采用可编程控制器PLC进行控制，能连续大批量地分拣货物，分拣误差率低且劳动强度大大降低，可显著提高劳动生产率，分拣系统能灵活地与其他物流设备无缝连接，实现对物料信息流的分配和管理。
随着工业自动化的普及和发展，可编程控制器的需求量逐年增大，应用领域也越来越广。
本设计基于FX-2N型PLC控制的物料分拣系统由上料机构、搬运机械手机构、物料传输分拣机构组成，对三种不同的物料进行分类分拣。
灵活运用传感器对物料进行检测、识别、以及对机械手的状态检测。
在本设计中运用了步进电机进行旋转角度的精确定位，利用变频控制技术对物料传输速度进行了设计。
现目前物料分拣系统运用甚广，系统中设计到搬运机械手也广泛应用在各行各业。
本次设计应用了大部分在校所学的知识，将各种元器件通过逻辑关系有序的联系起来，构成物料分拣系统，实现了光机电一体化。
【关键词】可编程序控制器；传感器；硬件设计；软件设计AbstractThe material sorting adopt programming controller PLC to be in progress under the control of,can criticize in large scale in arow measuring field sorting goods, the intensity sorting,error lead low and working is reduced greatly,but notable rise productivity. Mark chooses system to be able to nimbly and logistics equipment seamless connection other ,come true to material information stream assignment and manage . Hardware-Design and software-design middle having introduced it mainly in is designed.With the popularization and development of industrial automation, increased demand for programmable controllers, field more and more widely used.Design material sorting system based on FX-2N PLC control by feeding, handling robot body, material transport pickup bodies, on three different materials for category sorting. Flexible sensor material for detection, identification, and State testing for Manipulator. This design uses a stepper motor to precisely position the rotation, use of variable frequency control technique to design the material transmission speed. Current material sorting system using a wide range of system design to handling robots are widely used in all trades and industries. Most of the design and application of the knowledge learnt in school, to link various components through a logical and orderly, constitute a material sorting system, for optical, mechanical and electronic integration.【Key words】PLC; Sensor; Hardware-design; software-design目录前言 (1)第一章绪论 (2)1.1分拣系统的研究背景 (2)1.2物料分拣系统发展概况和现状 (3)1.3 课题研究目的和意义 (4)1.4 本文研究的主要内容 (5)1.5本章小结 (5)第二章PLC系统设计 (6)2.1 控制系统设计的基本内容 (6)2.2 控制系统设计的原则 (7)2.3 控制系统设计的一般步骤 (7)2.4程序设计的步骤 (8)2.5 编写梯形图应该注意的事项 (8)2.6本章小结 (9)第三章系统的组成及控制要求 (10)3.1 系统的组成 (11)3.1.1上料机构 (11)3.1.2搬运机械手机构 (11)3.1.3物料传输分拣机构 (11)3.2 系统控制要求 (12)3.3本章小结 (13)第四章系统硬件设计 (14)4.1电气元件名称及功能 (14)4.1.1输入电气元件 (14)4.1.2输出电气元件 (15)4.1.3执行电气元件 (15)4.2 输入/输出（I/O）点分配 (16)4.3PLC的选型 (17)4.3.1 系统对PLC的要求 (18)4.3.2 确定PLC型号 (18)4.4三菱FX-2N型PLC控制原理图 (19)4.5 步进电机设计 (20)4.6 本章小结 (21)第五章系统软件设计 (22)5.1三菱编程软件、模拟仿真软件 (22)5.2程序设计思想 (22)5.2.1上料机构流程图 (23)5.2.2搬运机械手流程图 (25)5.2.3物料传输分拣流程图 (30)5.2.4系统控制总程序设计简介 (31)第六章系统调试 (32)6.1程序的模拟调试 (32)6.1.1 通过软元件输入输出状态进行调试 (33)6.1.2 时序图辅助调试 (35)6.2 程序的现场调试 (35)结论 (37)参考文献 (38)谢辞 (39)附录 (40)前言在现代工业中，生产过程的机械化、自动化已成为突出的主题。
基于PLC的邮件分拣系统的设计
基于PLC的邮件分拣系统的设计n the 20th century。
as a XXX。
the PLC (programmable logic controller) has e one of the three pillars of modern industrial XXX。
which is the biggest advantage of PLC。
As a new type of industrial controller。
PLC is XXX industry。
chemical industry。
power industry。
XXX。
mechanical processing。
and food processing。
In order to explore the n of PLC in the mail sorting control system。
this project will use S7-200PLC to study the mail sorting system.The design of this project is a n design of the mail sorting system。
and its control core device is S7-200PLC。
The overall design includes hardware and are design。
The hardware design of the system mainly achieves mail sorting。
The are design of the system controls the n of the entire system through PLC programming。
The main controller PLC analyzes the edited program。
毕业设计(论文)-PLC自动输送分拣系统设计
摘要随着我国工业的急速发展，自动化产业中材料分拣系统日趋重要。
它在产品质量检测和运输过程中，常常需要根据产品的形状、重量以及质量将其进行分类。
这样的分类方法主要有手工分拣和自动分拣两种，自动分拣中，还有诸如光电扫描、图像识别、机械筛网、利用各种传感器的各种形式。
本文设计一种利用计算机控制的自动分拣智能系统，利用传感器检测物块，然后传感器根据接收的信号和用户的设定，控制相应气动阀，通过工控软件组态王与PLC实时通信完成产品的自动分拣，从而实现对自动分拣输送系统的监控。
关键字：自动分拣；计算机控制；PLC；组态IAbstractWith the rapid development of China's industrial automation industries in the material sorting system has become increasingly important. Its product quality inspection and transportation process, the products are often the basis of the shape, weight and quality of its classification. This classification mainly manual sorting and automatic sorting two types of automatic sorting, such as optoelectronic scanning, image recognition, machine screen, using various sensors in all its forms. This article design a computer-controlled automatic sorting intelligent systems, sensors detect the use of our block, and sensors based on the received signal and user settings, the corresponding pneumatic valve control, through the Industrial Control Software Configuration and PLC Real-time communication products to complete the automatic sorting. To achieve the automatic sorting conveyor system of monitoring.Keywords: automatic sorting ;computer control; PLC; configurationII目录1 绪论 (1)1.1本课题研究的内容 (1)1.2设计的目的和意义 (1)1.3国内外相关技术发展概况 (2)2 方案论证 (4)2.1方案选择 (4)2.1.1直线式分拣机 (4)2.1.2 环状式分拣机 (4)2.2方案确定 (5)3 总体设计 (6)3.1测量原理 (6)3.1.1 传感器检测原理 (6)3.1.2 传感器的选型 (6)3.2系统软件的设计 (8)3.2.1组态软件概述 (9)3.2.2 可编程控制器原理 (11)3.2.3组态王实现分拣系统的监控 (11)3.2.4控制过程设计 (14)3.2.5组态王和下位机的通讯 (14)3.2.6趋势曲线的设计 (16)3.2.7报警窗口 (18)3.2.8控件 (19)3.2.9报表系统 (20)3.3定义数据 (23)III4调试过程 (25)4.1软硬件设备 (25)4.2组态王与PLC的通讯设计 (25)结论 (27)结束语 (28)致谢 (29)参考文献 (30)附录I (31)附录Ⅱ (32)IV1 绪论1.1本课题研究的内容本课题所研究内容是通过计算机对材料分拣装置进行监控。
基于西门子S7-200系列PLC的自动货物分拣系统
毕业设计专业：班级学号：学生姓名：指导教师：二〇一三年五月本科生毕业设计基于西门子S7-200系列PLC的自动货物分拣系统Based on Siemens S7-200 series PLC automatic cargosorting system2013年5月摘要随着社会飞速发展，电子商务交易下，货物的流通量日益增长，使得人工对货物的分拣也显得效率不高，劳动强度大；本文以Siemens S7-200系列PLC为控制器，结合Siemens上位机组态软件Wincc，设计、模拟了自动仓库货物分拣系统，上位机与PLC的系统的数据交换采用OPC Scout协议技术；系统大概工作过程为：货物经检录入仓后，经机器人取货放入主传送带，主传送带一侧的传感器对货物进行分析检测，传感器信号传达至PLC，PLC输出相应命令驱动气动执行机构，进行货物的分拣，货物被拣入缓存仓后经机器人取货至出仓，或者分发到立体仓库经堆垛机进行货物的储存；系统体现了现代自动化技术，运行稳定的同时更易于操作员的监控。
关键词：PLC Wincc OPC 传感器堆垛机ABSTRACTAlong with the social rapid development，the electronic commerce trade，of goods in circulation，increasing makes manual sorting of goods also appears efficiency is not high,，the labor intensity；Based on Siemens S7-200 series PLC as controller，combining with Siemens upper unitconfiguration software Wincc, design, simulation, automatic warehouse goods sorting system，PC and PLC in the system of data exchange by OPC technology Scout agreement；System work process is：probably after roll call warehousing of goods，the robot take cargo put into the conveyor belt，the conveyor belt，analyze the goods side of the sensor，the sensor signals to PLC，PLC output corresponding command driven actuator，the sorting of goods，after the goods be picked into slow inventory via robot take the goods to the warehouse，or distributed to warehouse by the stacker for storage of goods；System embodies the modern automation technology，running stable and easier to operator's monitoring．Keywords: PLC Wincc OPC Sensor Piler目录摘要 (2)ABSTRACT (3)1 引言 (1)1.1研究背景及内容 (1)1.2仓库货物分拣系统概述 (1)1.2.1仓库货物分拣系统的发展状况 (1)1.3堆垛机的概述 (2)1.3.1堆垛机的发展 (2)2 西门子S7-200PLC概述 (3)2.1 产品概述 (3)2.1.1 S7-200 CPU (3)2.2 S7-200系列PLC的工作原理 (4)3自动货物分拣系统的硬件设计 (6)3.1系统的控制要求 (6)3.2方案设计 (7)3.2.1 PLC控制系统的总体设计 (7)3.2.2 PLC系统设计的基本原则 (8)3.2.3 PLC系统设计的主要内容 (8)4自动货物分拣系统的软件设计 (10)4.1系统流程图 (10)4.2系统涉及到的软件 (11)4.2.1 STEP 7 MicroWIN V4.0编程软件 (11)4.2.2 OPC服务器 (12)4.2.3 OPC服务器的以太网通讯处理器的设置 (13)4.2.4 STEP7与OPC硬件组态 (17)4.3 组态画面的设计 (19)4.4 程序编写的设计 (21)结论 (29)参考文献 (30)I致谢 (31)II1 引言1.1研究背景及内容分拣作业是仓库货物输送中的一个关键环节，它指的是依据货物信息及货物属性，迅速、准确地将商品从储位或其他区域拣出，并按照一定方式进行分类、集中储存，等待配装送货的作业过程。
机械设计制造及其自动化毕业设计外文翻译
英文原文名Automatic production line PLC control中文译文：自动化生产线自动上料站的PLC控制自动生产线是由工件传送系统和控制系统，将一组自动机床和辅助设备按照工艺顺序联结起来，自动完成产品全部或部分制造过程的生产系统，简称自动线。
二十世纪20年代，随着汽车、滚动轴承、小电机和缝纫机和其他工业发展,机械制造业开始出现在自动生产线,第一个是组合机床自动线。
在20世纪20年代,第一次出现在汽车工业流水生产线和半自动生产线,然后发展成自动生产线。
第二次世界大战后,在机械制造工业发达国家,自动生产线的数量急剧增加。
采用自动生产线生产的产品应该足够大,产品设计和技术应该是先进的、稳定的和可靠的,基本上保持了很长一段时间维持不变。
自动线用于大,大规模生产可以提高劳动生产率,稳定和提高产品质量,改善劳动条件,降低生产区域,降低生产成本,缩短生产周期,保证生产平衡、显著的经济效益。
自动生产线的一个干预指定的程序或命令自动操作或控制的过程,我们的目标是稳定、准确、快速。
自动化技术广泛用于工业、农业、军事、科学研究、交通运输、商业、医疗、服务和家庭,等自动化生产线不仅可以使人们从繁重的体力劳动、部分脑力劳动以及恶劣、危险的工作环境,能扩大人的器官功能,极大地提高劳动生产率,提高人们认识世界的能力,可以改变世界。
下面我说下它的应用范围：机械制造业中有铸造、锻造、冲压、热处理、焊接、切削加工和机械装配等自动线，也有包括不同性质的工序，如毛坯制造、加工、装配、检验和包装等的综合自动线。
加工自动线发展最快,应用最广泛的机械制造。
主要包括:用于处理盒、外壳、各种各样的部件,如组合机床自动线;用于加工轴、盘部分,由通用、专业化、或自动机器自动专线;转子加工自动线;转子自动线加工过程简单、小零件等。
1.确保节拍时间:无论什么样的产品,都必须完成的时间生产。
2.单元过程:只有一个产品,单位部分处理、组装、加工和材料。
毕业设计--材料分拣装置的PLC控制系统
石家庄铁道学院毕业设计（论文）材料分拣装置的PLC控制系统Material sorting PLC control2014届石家庄铁道学院成人教育分院(系)专业电气自动化应用学号 201024136学生姓名王旭宏指导教师刘东岚完成日期 2013年 10 月 20 日摘要PLC控制是目前工业上最常用的自动化控制方法。
由于其控制方便，能够承受恶劣的环境，因此，在工业上优于单片机的控制。
PLC将传统的继电器技术、计算机技术和通信技术融为一体，专门为工业控制而设计，具有功能强、通用灵活、可靠性高、环境适应性强、编程简单、使用方便以及体积小、重量轻、功耗低等一系列优点，因此在工业上的应用越来越广泛。
本文主要讲述PLC在材料分拣系统中的应用，利用可编程控制器（PLC）设计成本低、效率高的材料自动分拣装置。
以PLC为主控制器，结合气动装置、传感技术、位置控制等技术，实现现场控制产品的自动分拣。
系统具有自动化程度高、运行稳定、精度高、易控制等特点，可根据不同对象，稍加修改本系统即可实现要求。
关键词：可编程控制器、分拣装置、控制系统、传感器。
ABSTRACTPLC control is the moost commoly used industrial automation control method.because of its convenient control to wiststand an adverse environment. It is better than MCU control in the industrial. PLC traditional relay control technology; computer and communication technologies are integrated specifically for industrial control and design; have strong function. common flexbie, high reliability and environmental adaptability, and programming simple, easy to use and small size, light weight, a series of low-power advantages in industrial applications become more extensive,this paper focuses on the PLC in the canned beverage production. The design of an automatic sorting device with low cost and high efficiency is presented in the paper,which regards programmable logic contronller(PLC). As the master controller and combines pneumatic device, sensing technology , position control and other technology to implement automatic selecting of the products live. The device is characteristic of high automation,steady running, high precision and easy control,which can fulfill the requirement according to different situations with little modifcations.Keywords: programmablelogic controller、sorting device、control system、sensors.目录第一章前言 (5)1.1 设计的目的和意义 (5)1.2 材料分拣装置的发展介绍 (5)1.3 设计任务及原理 (5)1.3.1 设计任务 (5)1.3.2 设计原理 (5)第二章系统分析 (6)2.1 材料分拣装置的系统分析 (6)2.2 硬件介绍 (7)2.2.1 系统关键技术 (7)2.2.2 检测元件与执行装置的选择 (11)2.3 软件设计 (14)第三章 PLC的特性与发展方向 (16)3.1 软硬件比较 (16)3.2 PLC的特点及功能 (16)3.2.1 PLC的优点 (16)3.2.2 PLC的缺点 (17)3.2.3 PLC的功能 (17)3.3 PLC控制系统的发展趋势 (17)第四章 PLC软硬件的设计及实施 (19)4.1 PLC控制材料分拣装置的硬件设计 (19)4.1.1 分析被控对象并提出要求 (19)4.1.2 确定输入输出设备 (19)4.1.3 选择合适的PLC类型 (19)4.1.4 分配I/O点 (19)4.2 程序设计 (21)4.2.1 程序设计 (21)4.2.2 系统功能图 (22)4.2.3 程序模拟调试 (28)4.2.4 硬件实施 (29)4.3 PLC的软件设计 (29)4.3.1 分配定时器/计数器 (30)4.3.2 编制控制系统的逻辑关系图 (30)4.3.3 绘制电路图 (30)4.4 PLC调试过程及分析 (31)第五章控制系统的调试 (32)5.1 程序的模拟调试 (32)5.1 程序的现场调试 (32)5.3 系统调试 (33)结论 (34)参考文献 (36)致谢 (37)附录 (38)第一章前言1.1材料分拣的发展自动分拣系统(Automatic sorting system)先进配送中心所必需的设备条件之一。
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基于PLC的物料分拣系统毕业设计外文翻译毕业设计外文文献翻译毕业设计题目基于PLC的物料分拣系统设计翻译题目The Design of Material Choose System Based on PLC专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名朱安乐班级A0916学号指导教师张晓机械与材料工程学院二O一二年十二月译文一:关于可编程控制器技术与未来发展?随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象。
人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径。
我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制,那已经是时代的过去,如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到;而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题,通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制,使得自动化走向了新的高潮。
一个系统化的设计?PLC程序的方法可以克服传统程序生产控制系统的缺点,并且在一些工业应用总有很大的不同。
自动控制系统是状态模型用公式语言或等价的语言描述的。
公式描述对被控制的系统的行为提供一个精确的描述。
可以通过分析估计看状态模型是否达到想要的目标。
第二,为状态模型的描述提供结构描述,这个结构描述可以说明逻辑要求和如细节安全规则的限制。
第三,好的控制系统设计是对自动控制代码生成有益的??一种能够产生可执行的控制软件的能力,不同的逻辑控制器可以减少程序扫描时间和执行那个时间。
特别的,这个主题与随后的部分的是有关的。
在现代制造业中,系统是用过程和结果的革新来描述的,并且因此不得不改变系统性能以快速做出反应。
因此,一个大的挑战是提供技术以限制自动控制系统对变化需要和新机会的反应,所以,设计和操作知识可以实时的被再次利用,在工业实践中提供了一个重要的竞争面。
PLC的最大特点在于:电气工程师已不再电气的硬件上花费太多的心计,只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到PLC的输入点上就能解决问题,通过输出点连接接触器或继电器来控制大功率的启动设备,而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。
在很多场合,单靠单机的控制是无法保证设备的顺畅运行,而通过设备与设备的信息交流达到我们想要的效果。
比如在前包装和后工序的检测,我们就要将包装的信息反馈到检测处,而检测处的信息也要反馈到包装来。
这样通过信息共享来使得两者之间链接起来,形成一个共体,从而使的两者间的配合更加的紧密,在彼此间达到映影相挥的效果。
PLC的数据传送只是将内部的数据传送到对方的一块连续的地址中,我们把它称为一个表,对方的PLC通过读取表中的数据来进行操作。
如果表中的数据是一个一般设置的数据的话,那只是一般的数据传送,比如今天的油价上升了,我要把油价的价格传送到所有的输油机上,那就是数据的共享;而当表中的数据是一段控制PLC的指令程序,那就很有难度了,比如你要控制一台机器人来按你想象的动作工作,你会给它编制一段程序并以数据的形式发送过去。
当你在看书的时候,你听到有人敲门、你停下手上的事情、去打开门、并同敲门者对话、这个时候电话响了、你示意接个电话、在接完电话后、回过头来同敲门者继续对话、对话完毕后、你再继续看你的书,这种情况我们把它称为中断,它具有权威性,也具有优先性,PLC具备了这样的功能。
它的特点在于我们在设备的操作过程中可能会遇到紧急的突发事件,我们要立刻的停下手上的工作,去处理更重要的事情,这种情况是我们经常所遇到的,PLC在去执行紧急的任务时,总会先保存目前的状态,比如程序的地址,CPU的累加器数据等,就像我们去开门时要记下我们看的书在第几页了或者干脆作个记号,因为我们待会还要继续接着看后面的书。
CPU总是按照我们的意愿去做应该做的事情,但你错误的给它一件事情,它也会同样的去做,这一点我们必须注意。
通信对于个人自动单元是很重要的。
在过去的几年里,我们听到许多关于生产自动化协议的事情,并且许多公司已经加入大有成功希望的事业。
然而,当一个完整的生产自动化协议说明书没有及时出现时许多公司都很失望。
Larry?Kotare?说:“现在,生产自动化协议仍然是生产中一个发展的对象,一个说明书并不是最终的结果。
例如,虽然当新的生产自动化协议?MAP3.0?版本使用之时以MAP2.1?版本为基础的产品将会被汰,但是现在人们仍然将产品用于?MAP2.1版。
”由于这些原因,许多?PLC厂家紧盯着MAP?的最新结果。
如欧姆龙公司正在进行一个有关MAP?兼容性的项目。
但是欧姆龙生产部门总经理?Frank?Newborn说由于缺少一个固定的标准,欧姆龙的产品并不涉及到?MAP。
?由于工业PLC无论何时不可能广泛的涉及到?MAP,生产厂家正在考虑专用网络。
根据Sal?Probanzano?说法,用户担心如果他们广泛的应用生产厂家将会收回MAP,这样将会留下一个不支持通信的交流框架。
英文原文一:?PLC?technique?discussion?and?future?development??Along?with?the?development?of?the?ages,?the?technique?that?is ?nowadays?is?also?gradually?perfect,?the?competition?plays?more?and?m ore?strong;?the?operation?that?list?depends?the?artificial?has?alread y?can't?satisfied?with?the?current?manufacturing?industry?foreground, ?also?can't?guarantee?the?request?of?the?higher?quantity?and?high?new ?the?image?of?the?technique?business?enterprise ?The?people?see?in? produce?practice,?automate?brought?the?tremendous?convenience?and?the ?product?quantities?for?people?up?of?assurance,?also?eased?the?person nel's?labor?strength,?reduce?the?establishment?on?the?personnel.?The? target?control?of?the?hard?realization?in?many?complicated?production ?lines,?whole?and?excellent?turn,?the?best?decision?etc.,?well-traine d?operation?work,?technical?personnel?or?expert,?governor?but?can?judge?and?operate?easily,?can?acquire?the?satisfied?result.?The?research ?target?of?the?artificial?intelligence?makes?use?of?the?calculator?ex actly?to?carry?out,?imitate?these?intelligences?behavior,?moderating? the?work?through?person's?brain?and?calculators,?with?the?mode?that?p erson's?machine?combine,?for?resolve?the?very?complicated?problem?to? look?for?the?best?pathWe?come?in?sight?of?the?control?that?links?after?the?electric?applian ces?in?various?situation,?that?is?already?the?that?time?generationpas t,?now?of?after?use?in?the?mold?a?perhaps?simple?equipments?of?grass-roots?control?that?the?electric?appliances?can?do?for?the?low?level?o nly;?And?the?PLC?emergence?also?became?the?epoch-making?topic,?adding ?the?vivid?software?control?through?a?very?and?stable?hardware,?makin g?the?automation?head?for?the?new?high?tide.A?systematic?approach?to?designing?PLC?software?can?overcome?deficien cies?in?the?traditional?way?of?programming?manufacturing?control?syst ems,?and?can?have?wide?ramifications?in?several?industrial?applicatio ns.?Automation?control?systems?are?modeled?by?formal?languages?or,?eq uivalently,?by?state?machines.?Formal?representations?provide?a?high-level?description?of?the?behavior?of?the?system?to?be?controlled.?Sta te?machines?can?be?analytically?evaluated?as?to?whether?or?not?they?m eet?the?desired?goals.?Secondly,?a?state?machine?description?provides?a?structured?representation?to?convey?the?logical?requirements?and?c onstraints?such?as?detailed?safety?rules.?Thirdly,?well-defined?contr ol?systems?design?outcomes?are?conducive?to?automatic?code?generation -?An?ability?to?produce?control?software?executable?on?commercial?dis tinctlogic?controllers?can?reduce?programming?lead-time?and?labor?cos t.?In?particular,?the?thesis?is?relevant?with?respect?to?the?followin g?aspectsIn?modern?manufacturing,?systems?are?characterized?by?product?andproc ess?innovation,?become?customer-driven?and?thus?have?to?respond?quick ly?to?changing?system?requirements.?A?major?challenge?is?therefore?to ?provide?enabling?technologies?that?can?economically?reconfigure?auto mation?control?systems?in?response?to?changing?needs?and?new?opportun ities.?Design?and?operational?knowledge?can?be?reused?in?real-time,?t herefore,?giving?a?significant?competitive?edge?in?industrial?practic e.The?PLC?biggest?characteristics?lie?in:?The?electrical?engineering?te acher?already?no?longer?electric?hardware?up?too?many?calculations?of ?cost,?as?long?as?order?the?importation?that?the?button?switch?or?the ?importation?of?the?sensors?order?to?link?the?PLC?up?can?solve?proble m,?pass?to?output?to?order?the?conjunction?contact?machine?or?control?the?start?equipments?of?the?big?power?after?the?electric?appliances, ?but?the?exportation?equipments?direct?conjunction?of?the?small?power ?can?At?a?lot?of?situations,?the?list?is?a?smooth?movement?that?can't?guar antee?the?equipments?by?the?control?of?the?single?machine,?but?pass?t he?information?exchanges?of?the?equipments?and?equipments?to?attain?t he?result?that?we?want.?For?example?fore?pack?and?the?examination?of? theempress?work?preface,?we?will?arrive?wrapping?information?feedback ?to?examine?the?place,?and?examine?the?information?of?the?place?to?al so?want?the?feedback?to?packing.?Pass?the?information?share?thus?to?m ake?both?the?chain?connect,?becoming?a?total?body,?the?match?of?your? that?thus?make?is?more?close,?at?each?other?attain?to?reflect?the?res ult?that?mutually?flick.The?PLC?data?transmission?is?just?to?be?called?a?form?to?it?in?a?piec e?of?and?continuous?address?that?the?data?of?the?inner?part?delivers? the?other?party,?we,?the?PLC?of?the?other?party?passes?to?read?data?i n?the?watch?to?carry?on?the?operation.?If?the?data?that?data?in?the?w atch?is?a?to?establish?generally,?that?is?just?the?general?data?trans mission,?for?example?today?of?oil?price?rise,?I?want?to?deliver?the?p rice?of?the?oil?price?to?lose?the?oil?ally?on?board,?that?is?the?share?of?the?data;?But?take?data?in?the?watch?for?an?instruction?procedur e?that?controls?the?PLC,?that?had?the?difficulty?very?much,?for?examp le?you?have?to?control?one??pedestal?robot?to?press?the?action?work?t hat?you?imagine,?you?will?draw?up?for?it?the?form?that?a?procedure?co mbine?with?the?data?sends?out?to?pass?byWhen?you?are?reading?the?book,?you?hear?someone?knock?on?door,?you?st op?to?start?up?of?affair,?open?the?door?and?combine?to?continue?with? the?one?who?knock?on?door?a?dialogue,?the?telephone?of?this?time?rang ,?you?signal?hint?to?connect?a?telephone,?after?connecting?the?teleph one?through,?return?overdo?come?together?knock?on?door?to?have?a?conv ersation,?after?dialogue?complete,?you?continue?again?to?see?your?boo k,?this?kind?of?circumstance?we?are?called?the?interruption?to?it,?it ?has?the?authority,?also?having?sex?of?have?the?initiative,?the?PLC?h ad?such?function?.Its?characteristics?lie?in?us?and?may?meet?the?urge ntly?abrupt?affairs?in?the?operation?process?of?the?equipments,?we?wa nt?to?stop?to?start?immediately?up?of?work,?the?whereabouts?manages?t he?more?important?affair,?this?kind?of?circumstance?is?we?usually?mee t?of,?PLC?while?carry?out?urgent?mission,?total?will?keep?the?current ?appearance?first,?for?example?the?address?of?the?procedure,?CPU?of?t ired?add?the?machine?data?etc.,?be?like?to?stick?down?which?the?book? that?we?see?is?when?we?open?the?door?the?page?or?simply?make?a?mark,? because?we?treat?and?would?still?need?to?continue?immediately?after?book?of?see?the?behind.?The?CPU?always?does?the?affair?that?should?do? according?to?our?will,?but?your?mistake?of?give?it?an?affair,?it?also ?would?be?same?to?do,?this?we?must?notice.Communications?are?vital?to?an?individual?automation?cell?and?to?the? automated?factory?as?a?whole.?We've?heard?a?lot?about?MAP?in?the?last ?few?years,?and?a?lot?of?companies?have?jumped?on?the?band?wagon.?Man y,however?were?disappointed?when?a?fully-defined?and?completed?MAP?sp ecification?didn’t?appear?immediately.?Says?Larry?Kumara:”?Right?no w,??MAP?is?still?a?moving?target?for?the?manufacturers?specification? that?is?not?final.?Presently,?for?example,?people?are?introducing?pro ducts?to?meet?the?MAP?2.1standard.Yet?2.1-based?products?will?be?obso lete?when?the?new?standard?for?MAP,?3.0is?introduced.”Because?of?this,?many?PLC?vendors?are?holding?off?on?full?MA P?implementations.?Omron,?for?example,?has?an?ongoing?MAP-compatibility?program,?but?Frank?Newborn,?vice?president?of?Omron ’s?Industrial?Division,?reports?that?because?of?the?lack?of?a?firm?d efinition,?Omron's?PLCs?don't?yet?talk?to?MAP.?Si nce?it’s?unlikely?that?an?individual?PLC?would?talk?to?bro adband?MAP?anyway,?makers?are?concentrating?n?proprietary?networks.?A ccording?to?Sal?Provanzano,?users?fear?that?if?they?do?get?on?board?and?vendors?withdraw?from?MAP,?they?all?pulse?width?modulation?control ?system?be?the?ones?left?holding?a?communications?structure?that’s?n ot?supported.译文二:气动运输动力及PLC控制PLC控制系统一般采取易于理解和掌握的梯形图语言及面向工业控制的简单指令,形象直观,是基于现场总线技术、完全开放,采用先进的软硬件技术。