新视野大学英语第二版第四册读写教程A部分课文翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程4第二版课后翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程4第二版课后翻译UNIT 1(1) 汉译英1.The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which ithas been developed.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
(other than)2.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming everynight, no matter what we may have done during the day.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
(may have done) 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for nottrying their best.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
(justify sth. by)4.We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we woulddo it.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
(remain true to)5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son wouldone day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册读写教程课文翻译
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册读写教程课文翻译.An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
"Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册读写教程课文翻译
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册读写教程课文翻译.An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
"Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
新视野大学英语读写教程4-课文翻译
Unit 1
Text A
艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
中产阶级当然这样认为。劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。
尽管如此，卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。
英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。
在1913年，卓别林永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。
令人遗憾的是，20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。
我们要对自己的行为负责，我们也要为相互的行为负责，否则就会毁掉父亲建立起来的好名声。
我们的好名声曾经是，现在仍是把我们家紧紧联系在一起的纽带。
我不愿意辜负父亲的好名声，这激励我成为了家里第一个上大学的人。
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译(1~5单元)
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译a他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区。
他穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。
他的妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。
狄更斯或许能创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪汉”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。
在1913年，卓别林永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。
在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。
令人遗憾的是，20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。
中产阶级当然这样认为。
劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。
尽管如此，卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。
英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。
另外，“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗，被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样，不是吗？而在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中，银幕上的他是不出声的，也就无从证明他是英国人。
事实上，当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影，不得不为他的“流浪汉”寻找“合适的声音”时，他确实很头疼。
他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来：在 1936 的《摩登时代》里，他第一次在影片里发声唱歌。
在片中，他扮演一名侍者，满口胡言乱语，听起来不像任何国家的语言。
后来他说，他想象中的“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育，但已经没落的绅士。
但假如他在早期那些短小的喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人的口音，那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了，而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”。
没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意的，但这促使他获得了巨大的成功。
他是一个才能非凡的人，他的决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见。
新视野大学英语第四册(第二版)读写教程汉译英
TranslationUnite 11这种植物只有在培育他的土壤中才能很好地成长The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed2研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4我们忠于我们的承诺，凡是答应做的，我们都会做到We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6当局控告他们威胁国家安全They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.Unite 21要是这部戏剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．2她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员‘She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3我从未受过正式培训，我只是边干边学I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along?4随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了. As their products find their way into the international market，their brand is gaining in popularity.5她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能让这个故事听起来可信．She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone，but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他更多地批评．No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of himUnite 3XI.1据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into theaffair in person.2这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作，现在他们再次面临事业的危险了These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work. Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3你只需填写一张表格就可以取得会员资格，它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了，结果他们比原计划晚到了三个小时. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours laterthan they had planned.5那位官员卷入了一场丑闻，数周后被迫辞职. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.Unit4XI.1我父母不是对我的教育投资，而是把钱花在了买新住房上. Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2如今，人们用于休闲娱乐的开支是过去的两倍. Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3一家公司要成功，它必须跟上市场的发展. In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4与申请这个职位的其他女孩相比，她流利的英语是个优势. Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5对于学生而言没有任何地方比图书馆更好了，在那里所有的图书都任由他们使用. For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6我们要充分利用好这个平台，加强交流，拓展合作领域，共谋发展大计. We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.Unite 51这位小个子男子不如他看上去那么单纯. This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2对这个问题我已经束手无策了，所以你不妨去求助于王教授吧. There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果，并希望合作进一步加深. Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4一方面，亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受，另一方面，它也能“广直言之路，启尽善之门”. On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted..On the other hand, it will "encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions".5他孤独的感觉时起时落，他有时会对自己对宠物，对电视机唠叨不休. His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6毕竟，金钱不是万能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的. After all, money is not everything. The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.Unite 61假设你发现了你自己的同事受贿，你会不会无动于衷呢. Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?2他如此固执，我们已对他失望了，跟他争论一点意义都没有. We've given up on him because he is so stubborn. It is pointless to argue with him.3他突然想到了一个加速实验进程的好办法，但组里的成员却对此意见不一. He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4今天我能够使自己的职业和兴趣相符，之前我是做不到的. Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5要成为一名驾驶员，视觉上分辨红色和绿色的能力是必不可少的. The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6这个组由七个人组成，他们经常见面，分享彼此的信息. The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.Unite 71这些科学家在创建基因图谱过程中体会到：合作不仅仅是一种有吸引力的选择，它还是一种责任. In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more thanan attractive option; it was a responsibility.2他们的研究发现简直就是一个奇迹，由于他们的发现，人们对人类基因的历史优乐新的了解. Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle. As a result of their findings, new light has been shed on the history of human genes.3事实上，只有勤奋加方法得当才能使你在学习上比他人有优势. In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over others.4法官说这种惩罚将起到杀一儆百的作用. The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.5感染的危险只限于那些与病人有亲密接触的人. The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the patients.6从这一分析中我们可以更好地知道发生了什么以及要做些什么. From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to do about it. Unite 81只要他守规矩，我倒不在乎他晚上在外呆的那么晚. 1 don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves himself.2与其他计划相比，我更新喜欢他的计划，因为我觉得没有任何一个计划比他的计划更实际. 1 prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than his.3他们与那家公司中断了生意来往，因为那家公司上一个财政年度损失惨重，已经破产了. They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal year and went bankrupt.4既然你不喜欢他当初为什么还要邀请他参加你的生日晚会呢. Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place?5虽然知道获胜的可能性不大，但比赛失败后，我们多少还是有点沮丧. Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in the game. 6也许这是为进步而付出的代价，谁知道呢. Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who knows?Unite 91. 尽管他们做出了巨大的努力，但目前为止，博物馆每天的参观者仍然还是很少。
(完整版)新视野大学英语读写教程第四册(第二版)课文翻译uint1
Unit 1An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
"Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
新视野大学英语读写教程4_课后答案与翻译
新视野第四册答案与翻译Unit 1Section A. The Temptation of a Respectable Woman《读写教程IV》: Ex. II, p. 81．Her husband expected his friend, Gouvernail, to stay about one or two weeks in their home.2．He was a boring and withdrawn person with a strange personality.3．She decided to leave for her aunt’s house and wouldn’t come back till Gouvernail left their home.4．A once ambitious person, Gouvernail now became one with the mere desire to enjoy a genuine life now and then.5．His tones of voice and personal charm.6．She was afraid that she could not resist being attracted by Gouvernail.7．He mistook his wife’s feeling towards Gouvernail for pure dislike.8．She had overcome both her misunderstanding of and her subtle feelings towards Gouvernail. 《读写教程IV》: Ex. III, p. 81．Idle2．melting3．imposes4．penetrate5．presence6．nuisance7．nonsense8．keen《读写教程IV》: Ex. IV, p. 91．run down2．taken seriously3．drinking in4．in no sense5．made excellent observations on 6．counted on7．for my part8．make a fuss《读写教程IV》: Ex. V, p. 9 1．sanctions2．Restrictions3．fine4．limits5．problems6．tax7．duty8．responsibility《读写教程IV》: Ex. VI, p. 101. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrified《读写教程IV》: Ex. VII, p. 101. bravery2. jewellery3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discovery《读写教程IV》: Ex. VIII, p. 111. She said it might have been all right, if the weather had been good.2. Mrs. Baroda said she might have liked Gouvernail if he had been like the others.3. If I had been there, I could have helped you.4. He could have got tickets if there had been some cheap ones.5. Mrs. Baroda might have yielded to the temptation if she hadn’t been a respectable and sensible person.《读写教程IV》: Ex. IX, p. 111. “You were different then.” “So was she.”2. “You used to say he was a man of wit.”“So he is.”3. “You’ve made a mistake here.”“Oh, so I h ave. Thank you.”4. “Children should behave themselves.”“So should adults.”5. “This glass is cracked.”“Oh, so it is. I hadn’t noticed.”《读写教程IV》: Ex. X, p. 121. He imposed his company upon her in spite of her repeated hints of hoping to be left alone.2. His friends can never count upon how he is going to act under given conditions, as he is always full of surprises.3. Don’t make a fuss about such a small thing because that is the last thing I expected.4. Besides being an upright and respectable woman Mrs. Baroda was also a very sensible one.5. She had never known her thoughts to be so confused, unable to gather anything from them.6. From Gouvernail’s talk, Mrs. Baroda came to know that his periods of silence were not his basic nature, but the result of moods.7. To Gaston’s delight, his wife had finally overcome her dislike for Gouvernail and invited Gouvernail to visit them again wholly from herself.8. Mrs. Baroda felt confused with Gouvernail’s puzzling nature and found it ha rd to penetrate the silence in which he had unconsciously covered himself.《读写教程IV》: Ex. XI, p. 121. 在一起呆了几天，她仍感到对这个客人很陌生，只得大部分时间让丈夫陪着他。
新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程第四册课文翻译(最新完整版)
新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程第四册课文翻译(最新完整版)Unit 1section A名气之尾艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
新视野大学英语读写教程4第二版课后翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程4第二版课后翻译UNIT 1(1) 汉译英1.The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one inwhich it has been developed.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
(other than)2.Research findings show that we spend about two hoursdreaming every night, no matter what we may have doneduring the day.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
(may have done)3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming othersfor not trying their best.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
(justify sth. by)4.We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promisedto do, we would do it.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
(remain true to)5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that hisson would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译1.a艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
a成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻消灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担忧不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上荣耀，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
假设表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
新视野大学英语读写教程4-课后答案与翻译(完整版)
新视野第四册答案与翻译Unit 1Section A. The Temptation of a Respectable Woman《读写教程IV》: Ex. II, p. 81．Her husband expected his friend, Gouvernail, to stay about one or two weeks in their home. 2．He was a boring and withdrawn person with a strange personality.3．She decided to leave for her aunt’s house and wouldn’t come back till Gouvernail left their home.4．A once ambitious person, Gouvernail now became one with the mere desire to enjoy a genuinelife now and then.5．His tones of voice and personal charm.6．She was afraid that she could not resist being attracted by Gouvernail.7．He mistook his wife’s feeling towards Gouvernail for pure dislike.8．She had overcome both her misunderstanding of and her subtle feelings towards Gouvernail. 《读写教程IV》: Ex. III, p. 81．Idle2．melting3．imposes4．penetrate5．presence6．nuisance7．nonsense8．keen《读写教程IV》: Ex. IV, p. 91．run down2．taken seriously3．drinking in4．in no sense5．made excellent observations on6．counted on7．for my part8．make a fuss《读写教程IV》: Ex. V, p. 91．sanctions2．Restrictions3．fine4．limits5．problems6．tax7．duty8．responsibility《读写教程IV》: Ex. VI, p. 101. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrified《读写教程IV》: Ex. VII, p. 101. bravery2. jewellery3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discovery《读写教程IV》: Ex. VIII, p. 111. She said it might have been all right, if the weather had been good.2. Mrs. Baroda said she might have liked Gouvernail if he had been like the others.3. If I had been there, I could have helped you.4. He could have got tickets if there had been some cheap ones.5. Mrs. Baroda might have yielded to the temptation if she hadn’t been a respectable and sensible person.《读写教程IV》: Ex. IX, p. 111. “You were different then.” “So was she.”2. “You used to say he was a man of wit.”“So he is.”3. “You’ve made a mistake here.”“Oh, so I have. Thank you.”4. “Children should behave themselves.”“So should adults.”5. “This glass is cracked.”“Oh, so it is. I hadn’t noticed.”《读写教程IV》: Ex. X, p. 121. He imposed his company upon her in spite of her repeated hints of hoping to be left alone.2. His friends can never count upon how he is going to act under given conditions, as he is always full of surprises.3. Don’t make a fuss about such a small thing because that is the last thing I expected.4. Besides being an upright and respectable woman Mrs. Baroda was also a very sensible one.5. She had never known her thoughts to be so confused, unable to gather anything from them.6. From Gouvernail’s talk, Mrs. Baroda came to know that his periods of silence were not his basic nature, but the result of moods.7. To Gaston’s delight, his wife had finally overcome her dislike for Gouvern ail and invited Gouvernail to visit them again wholly from herself.8. Mrs. Baroda felt confused with Gouvernail’s puzzling nature and found it hard to penetratethe silence in which he had unconsciously covered himself.《读写教程IV》: Ex. XI, p. 121. 在一起呆了几天，她仍感到对这个客人很陌生，只得大部分时间让丈夫陪着他。
新视野大学英语第二版第四册读写教程课文原文SectionA
Unit2He was born in a poor area of South London. He wore his mother's old red stockings cut down for ankle socks. His mother was temporarily declared mad.Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin's childhood. But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of "the Tramp", the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth.Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performers to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the king of Hollywood comedy films.Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin's Tramp a bit, well, "crude". Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear. All the same, Chaplin's comic beggar didn't seem all that English or even working-class. English tramps didn't sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that. Then again, the Tramp's quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that's how foreigners behaved, wasn't it? But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find "the right voice" for his Tramp. He postponed that day as long as possible: In Modern Times in 1936, the first film in which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality. He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman who'd come down in the world. But if he'd been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short comedies, it's doubtful if he would have achieved world fame. And the English would have been sure to find it "odd". No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to bring about his huge success.He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars. His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master. He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along. "It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.But that shock roused his imagination. Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along. Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist. He turned them into other kinds of objects. Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones). This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy.He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed.The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster. Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations. The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.It's a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him. In Oona O'Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which had seemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who'd given notice of their wedding date, he said, "And where is the young man? "—Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside. As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin's life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977.A few months later, a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money. The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Sennett's clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can't help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as a fitting memorial—his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many.Unit3A welfare client is supposed to cheat.Everybody expects it. Faced with sharinga dinner of raw pet food with the cat, manypeople in wheelchairs I know bleed thesystem for a few extra dollars. They tellthe government that they are getting twohundred dollars less than their realpension so they can get a little extrawelfare money. Or, they tell thecaseworker that the landlord raised therent by a hundred dollars.I have opted to live a life ofcomplete honesty. So instead, I go out anddrum up some business and draw cartoons.I even tell welfare how much I make! Oh,I'm tempted to get paid under the table.But even if I yielded to that temptation,big magazines are not going to getinvolved in some sticky situation. Theykeep my records, and that informationgoes right into the government's computer.Very high-profile.As a welfare client I'm expected tobow before the caseworker. Deep down,caseworkers know that they are being madefools of by many of their clients, andthey feel they are entitled to haveclients bow to them as compensation. I'mnot being bitter. Most caseworkers beginas college-educated liberals with highideals. But after a few years in a systemthat practically requires people to lie,they become like the one I shall call"Suzanne", a detective in shorts.Not long after Christmas last year,Suzanne came to inspect my apartment andsaw some new posters pasted on the wall."Where'd you get the money for those? "she wanted to know."Friends and family.""Well, you'd better have a receiptfor it, by God. You have to report anydonations or gifts."This was my cue to beg. Instead, Italked back. "I got a cigarette fromsomebody on the street the other day. DoI have to report that? ""Well, I'm sorry, but I don't makethe rules, Mr. Callahan."Suzanne tries to lecture me aboutrepairs to my wheelchair, which is alwaysbreaking down because welfare won't spendmoney maintaining it properly."You know,Mr. Callahan, I've heard that you put alot more miles on that wheelchair thanaverage."Of course I do. I'm an active worker,not a vegetable. I live near downtown, soI can get around in a wheelchair. I wonderwhat she'd think if she suddenly broke herhip and had to crawl to work.Government cuts in welfare haveresulted in hunger and suffering for a lotof people, not just me. But people withspinal cord injuries felt the cuts in aunique way: The government stopped takingcare of our chairs. Each time mine brokedown, lost a screw, needed a new rollerbearing, the brake wouldn't work, etc.,and I called Suzanne, I had to endure alittle lecture.Finally, she'd say, "Well,if I can find time today, I'll call themedical worker."She was supposed to notify themedical worker, who would certify thatthere was a problem. Then the medicalworker called the wheelchair repaircompanies to get the cheapest bid. Thenthe medical worker alerted the mainwelfare office at the state capital. Theyconsidered the matter for days while I layin bed, unable to move. Finally, if I waslucky, they called back and approved therepair.When welfare learned I was makingmoney on my cartoons, Suzanne started"visiting" every fortnight instead ofevery two months. She looked into everycorner in search of unreported appliances,or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, ora new helicopter parked out back. Shenever found anything, but there wasalways a thick pile of forms to fill outat the end of each visit, accounting forevery penny.There is no provision in the law fora gradual shift away from welfare. I aman independent businessman, slowlybuilding up my market. It's impossible tojump off welfare and suddenly be makingtwo thousand dollars a month. But I wouldlove to be able to pay for some of myliving and not have to go through anembarrassing situation every time I needa spare part for my wheelchair.There needs to be a lawyer who canact as a champion for the rights ofwelfare clients, because the system soeasily lends itself to abuse by thewelfare givers as well as by the clients.Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in myapartment the other day because thechemist said I was using a larger thanusual amount of medical supplies. I was,indeed: The hole that has been surgicallycut to drain urine had changed size andthe connection to my urine bag wasleaking.While she was taking notes, my phonerang and Suzanne answered it. The callerwas a state senator, which scared Suzannea little. Would I sit on the governor'scommittee and try to do something aboutthe thousands of welfare clients who,like me, could earn part or all of theirown livings if they were allowed to do so,one step at a time?Hell, yes, I would! Someday peoplelike me will thrive under a new systemthat will encourage them, not seek toconvict them of cheating. They will befree to develop their talents withoutguilt or fear—or just hold a good, steadyjob.Unit4A transformation is occurring thatshould greatly boost living standards inthe developing world. Places that untilrecently were deaf and dumb are rapidlyacquiring up-to-date telecommunicationsthat will let them promote both internaland foreign investment. It may take adecade for many countries in Asia, LatinAmerica, and Eastern Europe to improvetransportation, power supplies, andother utilities. But a single opticalfiber with a diameter of less than halfa millimete can carry more informationthan a large cable made of coppe wires.By installing optical fiber, digitalswitches, and the latest wirelesstransmission systems, a parade of urbancenters and industrial zones from Beijingto Budapest are stepping directly intothe Information Age. A spider's web ofdigital and wireless communication linksis already reaching most of Asia and partsof Eastern Europe.All these developing regions seeadvanced communications as a way to leapover whole stages of economic development.Widespread access to informationtechnologies, for example, promises tocondense the time required to change fromlabor-intensive assembly work toindustries that involve engineering,marketing, and design. Moderncommunications "will give countries likeChina and Vietnam a huge advantage overcountries stuck with old technology".How fast these nations should pushahead is a matter of debate. Many expertsthink Vietnam is going too far byrequiring that all mobile phones beexpensive digital models, when it isdesperate for any phones, period. "Thesecountries lack experience in weighingcosts and choosing betweentechnologies," says one expert.Still, there's little dispute thatcommunications will be a key factorseparating the winners from the losers.Consider Russia. Because of its strongeducational system in mathematics andscience, it should thrive in theInformation Age.The problem is itsnational phone system is a rusting antiquthat dates from the l930s. To lick thisproblem, Russia is starting to installoptical fiber and has a strategic plan topump $40 billion into variouscommunications projects.But its economyis stuck in recession and it barely hasthe money to even scratch the surface ofthe problem.Compare that with the mainland ofChina. Over the next decade, it plans topour some $100 billion intotelecommunications equipment. In a way,China's backwardness is an advantage,because the expansion occurs just as newtechnologies are becoming cheaper thancopper wire systems. By the end of 1995,each of China's provincial capitalsexcept for Lhasa will have digitalswitches and high-capacity optical fiberlinks. This means that major cities aregetting the basic infrastructure tobecome major parts of the informationsuperhighway, allowing people to log onto the most advanced services availableTelecommunications is also a key toShanghai's dream of becoming a topfinancial center.To offer peak performance inproviding the electronic data andpaperless trading global investorsexpect, Shanghai planstelecommunications networks as powerfulas those in Manhattan.Meanwhile, Hungary also hopes tojump into the modern world. Currently,700,000 Hungarians are waiting for phones.To partially overcome the problem offunds and to speed the import of Westerntechnology, Hungary sold a 30% stake inits national phone company to two Westerncompanies.To further reduce the waitinglist for phones, Hungary has leasedrights to a Dutch-Scandinavian group ofcompanies to build and operate what itsays will be one of the most advanceddigital mobile phone systems in theworld.In fact, wireless is one of the mostpopularways to get a phone system up fastin developing countries. It's cheaper tobuild radio towers than to string linesacross mountain ridges, and businesseseager for reliable service are willing toaccept a significantly higher price tagfor a wireless call—the fee is typicallytwo to four times as much as for calls madeover fixed lines.Wireless demand and usage have alsoexploded across the entire width andbreadth of Latin America. For wirelessphone service providers, nowhere isbusiness better than in LatinAmerica—having an operation there islike having an endless pile of money atyour disposal. Bellsouth Corporation,with operations in four wireless markets,estimates its annual revenu per averagecustomer at about $2,000 as compared to$860 in the United States. That's partlybecause Latin American customers talk twoto four times as long on the phone aspeople in North America.Thailand is also turning to wireless,as a way to allow Thais to make better useof all the time they spend stuck intraffic. And it isn't that easy to callor fax from the office: The waiting listfor phone lines has from one to twomillion names on it. So mobile phones havebecome the rage among businesspeople whocan remain in contact despite the trafficjams.Vietnam is making one of the boldestleaps. Despite a per person income of just$220 a year, all of the 300,000 linesVietnam plans to add annually will beoptical fiber with digital switching,rather than cheaper systems that sendelectrons over copper wires. By going fornext-generation technology now,Vietnamese telecommunications officialssay they'll be able to keep pace withanyone in Asia for decades.For countries that have lagged behindfor so long, the temptation to move aheadin one jump is hard to resist. And despitethe mistakes they'll make, they'llpersist—so that one day they can cruisealongside Americans and WesternEuropeans on the informationsuperhighway.Unit5Here we are, all by ourselves, all22 million of us by recent count, alonein our rooms, some of us liking it thatway and some of us not. Some of usdivorced, some widowed, some never yetcommitted.Loneliness may be a sort ofnational disease here, and it's moreembarrassing for us to admit than anyother sin. On the other hand, to bealone on purpose, having rejectedcompany rather than been cast out by it,is one characteristic of an Americanhero. The solitary hunter or explorerneeds no one as they venture out amongthe deer and wolves to tame the greatwild areas. Thoreau, alone in his cabinon the pond, his back deliberatelyturned to the town. Now, that'scharacter for you.Inspiration in solitude is a majorcommodity for poets and philosophers.They're all for it. They all speakhighly of themselves for seeking it out,at least for an hour or even two beforethey hurry home for tea.Para4 Consider Dorothy Wordsworth,for instance, helping her brotherWilliam put on his coat, finding hisnotebook and pencil for him, and wavingas he sets forth into the early springsunlight to look at flowers all byhimself. "How graceful, how benign, issolitude," he wrote.No doubt about it, solitude isimproved by being voluntary.Look at Milton's daughtersarranging his cushions and blanketsbefore they silently creep away, so hecan create poetry. Then, rather thantrouble to put it in his own handwriting,he calls the girls to come back andwrite it down while he dictates.You may have noticed that most ofthese artistic types went outdoors tobe alone.The indoors was full of loved oneskeeping the kettle warm till they camehome.The American high priest ofsolitude was Thoreau. We admire him,not for his self-reliance, but becausehe was all by himself out there atWalden Pond, and he wanted to be—allalone in the woods.Actually, he lived a mile, or 20minutes' walk, from his nearestneighbor; half a mile from the railroad;three hundred yards from a busy road.He had company in and out of the hut allday, asking him how he could possiblybe so noble. Apparently the main pointof his nobility was that he had neitherwife nor servants, used his own axe tochop his own wood, and washed his owncups and saucers. don't know who did hislaundry; he doesn't say, but hecertainly doesn't mention doing his own,either. Listen to him: "I never foundthe companion that was so companionableas solitude."Thoreau had his ownself-importance for company. Perhapsthere's a message here: The larger theego, the less the need for other egosaround. The more modest and humble wefeel, the more we suffer from solitude,feeling ourselves inadequate company.If you live with other people,their temporary absence can berefreshing.Solitude will end on Thursday. Iftoday I use a singular personal pronounto refer to myself, next week I will usethe plural form. While the others areabsent you can stretch out your souluntil it fills up the whole room, anduse your freedom, coming and going asyou please without apology, staying uplate to read, soakin in the bath, eatinga whole pint of ice cream at one sitting,moving at your own pace. Those absentwill be back. Their waterproof wintercoats are in the closet and the dogkeeps watching for them at the window.But when you live alone, the temporaryabsence of your friends andacquaintances leaves a vacuum; they maynever come back.The condition of loneliness risesand falls, but the need to talk goes onforever.It's more basic than needing tolisten. Oh, we all have friends we cantell important things to, people we cancall to say we lost our job or fell ona slippery floor and broke our arm.It's the daily succession of smallcomplaints and observations andopinions that backs up and chokes us.We can't really call a friend to say wegot a parcel from our sister, or it'sgetting dark earlier now, or we don'ttrust that new Supreme Court justice.Scientific surveys show that wewho live alone talk at length toourselves and our pets and thetelevision. We ask the cat whether weshould wear the blue suit or the yellowdress.We ask the parrot if we shouldprepare steak, or noodles for, dinner.We argue with ourselves over who is thegreater sportsman: that figure skateror this skier. There's nothing wrongwith this.It's good for us, and a lotless embarrassing than the woman infront of us in line at the market who'stelling the cashier that her nieceMelissa may be coming to visit onSaturday, and Melissa is very fond ofhot chocolate, which is why she boughtthe powdered hot chocolate mix, thoughshe never drinks it herself.It's important to stay rational.It's important to stop waiting andsettle down and make ourselvescomfortable, at least temporarily, andfind some grace and pleasure in ourcondition, not like a self-centeredBritish poet but like a patientprincess sealed up in a tower, waitingfor the happy ending to our fairy tale.After all, here we are. It may notbe where we expected to be, but for thetime being we might as well call it home.Anyway, there is no place like home.Recently the rise in the phenomenon of Internet has cause public concern.With the rapid development of Internet,more and more people is attracted to Internet.How will our life go on without the internet?Of all the questions I have heard,this is the one most frequently voicedInternet is a common occurrence in our daily life,whatever we do, Internet cannot be avoid. Internet make our life become not only wonderful but also convenient.This kind of phenomenon performance in many ways.For one thing,it makes our work become more and more convenient.For another, the Internet gives kids access to information in ways prior generations couldn`t even have imagined.Still another,the Internet can increase our entertainment,such as network games and online chat.We can make friends from all over the world though the Internet.These days we are often told that the Internet is perfect,but is this really the case?Just as a coin has two sides,the Internet brings many benefits and opportunities,however,everything has two aspects.Let`s bring our discussion here to a more present and practical context.In today`s world,more and more people cannot afford the temptation so that a lot of people become addicted to online games,drugs and gambling.Worse still,many people feel stuck without the Internet.In a word,from what has been discussion above,we may safely reach the conclusion that the Internet is not perfect.Worse still,addicts cannot function as normal members of society.They neglect or abuse their families,friends,and eventually strangers.We must call for an immediate method,because the current problem phenomenon of cyber addition,if allowed to procceed,will surely lead to a heavyprice.It is essential that effective measure should be taken to correct tendency.。
新视野大学英语读写教程4第二版课后翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程4第二版课后翻译新视野大学英语读写教程4第二版课后翻译UNIT 1(1) 汉译英1.The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which ithas been developed.这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
(other than)2.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming everynight, no matter what we may have done during the day.研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
(may have done) 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for nottrying their best.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
(justify sth. by)4.We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we woulddo it.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
(remain true to)5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son wouldone day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译1.a艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
a成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
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第一章艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西〃威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特〃海明威的情节安排、罗伯特〃弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。
你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。
一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡〃王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。
虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对，却依然故我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。
在一次宴会上，他一位密友的母亲当着他的朋友和崇拜者的面，指责他在性方面影响了她的儿子。
他听了她的话以后大为光火，起诉了这个年轻人的母亲，声称她毁了自己的“好”名声。
但是，他真该请一个更好的律师。
结果是，法官不仅不支持他提出的让这个女人赔偿他名声损失费的请求，反而对他本人进行了罚款。
他由于拒交罚款最终还被送进了监狱。
更糟糕的是，他再也无法获得更多公众的宠爱。
在最糟糕的时候，他发现没有一个人愿意拿自己的名声冒险来替他说话。
为保持真我，他付出的代价是，在最需要崇拜者时，谁也不理他。
奇怪的是，收获最大的恰恰是失败者。
他们收获了自由！他们可以自由地表达，独辟蹊径，不落窠臼，不用担心失去崇拜者的支持。
失败的艺术家寻求安慰时，可以想想许多伟大的艺术家都是过世多年以后才成名，或是他们没有出卖自己。
他们也可以为自己的失败辩解：自己的才华实在过于高深，不是当代听众或观众所理解得了的。
那些失败了却仍不肯放弃的顽固派也许会乐于知道，某些名人曾经如何越挫越勇，直至成功。
美国小说家托马斯〃伍尔芙的第一本小说《向家乡看吧，安琪儿》被拒39次后，才最终得以出版。
贝多芬战胜了父亲认为他毫无音乐家潜质的偏见，成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
19世纪瑞士著名教育家裴斯泰洛齐原先干的工作没有一件成功，直到他想到去教小孩子，并研究出一种新型教育模式的基础理论。
托马斯〃爱迪生在四年级时被赶出了学校，因为老师觉得他似乎太迟钝。
但不幸的是，对大多数人而言，失败是奋斗的结束，而不是开始。
对那些孤注一掷的追名逐利之徒，我要说：祝你们好运。
但是，遗憾的是，你会发现这不是你想得到的。
狗自逐其尾所得到的只是一条尾巴而已。
获得成功的人常常发现成功对他来说弊大于利。
所以要为真实的你、为自己的所为感到高兴，而不是拼命去获得成功。
做那些你为之感到骄傲的事情。
可能在有生之年你默默无闻，但你可能创作了更好的艺术。
第二章他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区。
他穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。
他的妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。
狄更斯或许能创作出查理〃卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理〃卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪汉”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。
在1913年，卓别林永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。
在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克〃塞纳特的旗下工作。
令人遗憾的是，20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。
中产阶级当然这样认为。
劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。
尽管如此，卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。
英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。
另外，“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗，被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样，不是吗？而在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中，银幕上的他是不出声的，也就无从证明他是英国人。
事实上，当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影，不得不为他的“流浪汉”寻找“合适的声音”时，他确实很头疼。
他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来：在 1936 的《摩登时代》里，他第一次在影片里发声唱歌。
在片中，他扮演一名侍者，满口胡言乱语，听起来不像任何国家的语言。
后来他说，他想象中的“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育，但已经没落的绅士。
但假如他在早期那些短小的喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人的口音，那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了，而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”。
没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意的，但这促使他获得了巨大的成功。
他是一个才能非凡的人，他的决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见。
他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。
在事业发展之初，他就感到一种冲动要去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露的天才。
当他第一次在银幕上看到自己扮演的“流浪汉”时，他说：“这不可能是我。
那可能吗？瞧这角色多么与众不同啊！”这种震惊唤起了他的想象。
卓别林并没有把他的笑料事先写成文字。
他是那种边表演边根据感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演员。
没有生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家的天赋。
他将这些物体想象成其他东西。
因此，在《当铺老板》中，一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受手术的“病人”；在《淘金记》中，靴子被放在锅里煮，靴底被蘸着盐和胡椒吃掉，就像上好的鱼片一样（鞋钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除）。
这种对事物的转化，以及他一次又一次做出这种转化的技巧，正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘所在。
他也深切地渴望被爱，同时也害怕遭到背叛。
这两者很难结合在一起，有时这种冲突导致了灾难，就像他早期的几次婚姻那样。
然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来的自知之明也在他的喜剧创作中得到了表现。
“流浪汉”始终没有失去对卖花女的信心，相信她正等待着与自己共同走进夕阳之中；而卓别林的另一面使他的凡尔杜先生，一个杀了妻子的法国人，成为了仇恨女人的象征。
令人宽慰的是，生活最终把卓别林先前没能获得的稳定和幸福给了他。
他找到了沃娜〃奥尼尔〃卓别林这个伴侣。
她的沉稳和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。
他们的年龄差别太大，以致当1942年他们要结婚时，新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后，为他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘：“那个年轻人在哪儿？”──当时已经54岁的卓别林小心翼翼在外面等候着。
由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时关于他俩有很多毫无根据的流言。
后来在他那个有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。
卓别林死于1977年圣诞节。
几个月后，几个近乎可笑的盗尸者从他的家庭墓室盗走了他的尸体以借此诈钱。
警方追回了他的尸体，其效率比麦克〃塞纳特拍摄的启斯东喜剧片中的笨拙警察要高得多。
但是人们不禁会感到，卓别林一定会把这一奇怪的事件看作是对他的十分恰当的纪念──他以这种方式给这个自己曾为之带去这么多笑声的世界留下最后的笑声第三章人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗人。
当我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫分吃生猫食的窘境时，都会向福利机构多骗取几美元。
为了能领到一点额外的福利款，他们告诉政府说他们实际上少拿了200美元的养老金，或告诉社会工作者，说房东又将房租涨了100 美元。
我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，因此我不会那样做，而是四处找活，揽些画漫画的活。
我甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多少钱！哦，私下里领一笔钱当然对我挺有吸引力，但即使我挡不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。
他们会保留我的记录，而这些记录会直接进入政府的电脑。
真是态度鲜明，毫不含糊。
作为一名福利救济对象，我必须在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。
社会工作者心里知道，许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。
我并不是故意感到忿忿不平。
大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有理想，而且思想开明。
可是，在这个实际上是要人撒谎的体制里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫“苏珊娜”的人一样了──一个穿运动短裤的侦探。
去年圣诞节过后不久，苏珊娜到我家来了解情况，看到墙上贴着新的宣传画，便想知道：“你从哪儿弄到钱来买这些？”“从朋友和家人那儿。
”“那么，你最好要张收据，真的，你接受任何捐献或礼物都要报告。
”她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。
但是我却将她顶了回去。
“那天在马路上有人给我一根烟，我也得报告吗？”“对不起，卡拉汉先生，可是规定不是我制订的。
”苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。
由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理，所以它总是坏。
“您是知道的，卡拉汉先生，我听说您的那辆轮椅比一般人用得多得多。
”我当然用得多，我是个工作很积极的人，又不是植物人。
我住在闹市区附近，可以坐着轮椅到处走走。
我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，会是什么感受。
政府削减福利开支已经导致许多人挨饿受苦，我只是其中之一。
但它对脊柱伤残的人的影响更为突出：政府已经不管我们的轮椅了。
每次我的轮椅出问题，掉了螺丝，需要换个新轴承，或刹车不灵时，我都打电话给苏珊娜，但每次都要挨训。
她最后总会说：“好吧，如果今天我能抽出时间的话，我会找医务人员的。
”她该通知医务人员，由医务人员来确认问题确实存在，然后打电话给各家轮椅维修公司，拿到最低的报价。