英语阅读理解——主旨大意 大集合
初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题
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01 添 加 目 录 文 本
02 主 旨 大 意 题 概 述
主旨大意题的解题 03 技 巧
主旨大意题的常见 04 误 区
主旨大意题的提升 05 方 法
主旨大意题真题解 06 析
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主旨大意题概述
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主旨大意题是初中英语阅读理解中的一种题型主要考察学生对文章整体内容的理解和把握能力。
积累词汇和语法知识提高语言基础 水平
学会分析文章结构把握文章主旨
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掌握阅读技巧提高阅读速度和准确 度
多做练习熟悉题型和解题方法
主旨大意题真题解析
题目：阅读下列短文回答问题。 内容：提供一篇初中英语阅读理解文章 题目要求：回答文章的主旨大意 解析：分析文章结构提炼文章主题总结文章大意并给出正确答案及解析
强化推理判断能力：通过大量阅读提高对文章深层含义的把握和推理分析能力有助于更准确地理解文章主旨。 培养分析问题的能力：在解题过程中要学会分析题目要求和文章结构把握文章重点从而快速准确地找到答案。
积累词汇和语法知识：扎实的词汇和语法基础是理解文章的关键平时要注意积累相关知识点。
练习解题技巧：掌握解题步骤和技巧如先看问题再阅读文章重点阅读文章首尾段和转折句等有助于提高解题效率。
应用文：理解应用文的目的和要求
主旨大意题的提升方法
增加词汇量 掌握语法结构 了解文化背景 练习阅读技巧
记叙文：关注时间、地点、人物和事件理解作者的情感和观点 议论文：抓住论点、论据和结论理解作者的观点和立场 说明文：分析文章结构和层次理解事物的发展过程和特点 散文：体会作者情感和语言风格理解文章主题和意境
合集高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题.doc
阅读理解专项突破——主旨大意【命题特点】主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
【常见考法】1标题类常见的标题型题干：1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.3)What is the best title for the passage?4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?2 大意类常见的主题型题干：5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) What’s the topic of the article?7) What is the subject discussed in the text?8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?3 目的主旨大意题The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is______.The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______【答题技巧】这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。
每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
2025年中考英语阅读理解中的主旨大意题课件(共24张PPT)
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.
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语段层面
• 段落大意
语篇层面
• 全文中心 • 最佳标题
主旨大意题 解题思路：
理解文章大意 辨识关键词句 分析标题结构 匹配内容与标题 排除干扰信息
主旨大意题 解题思路：
理解文章大意 辨识关键词汇 分析标题结构 匹配内容与标题 排除干扰信息
理清文章结构 关注主题句（首尾段/句等）
理解文章大意 U1
【例 2】 You might be excited by something you did in the day. You might be nervous about what you’re going to do the next day. Maybe you don’t like sleeping alone in your room. Maybe you have frightening dreams. All of these are possible reasons for your sleeping problem.
中考阅读理解 主旨大意
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阅读理解
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三大题型
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标题类：
1 The best title for the passage is.... 2 The suitable headline for this passage may be.... 3 The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is ... 4 Which of the following can be the best title of t掘文章主旨的方法
找主题句 段落主旨
凑主旨句 文章主旨
抓中心词 标题起名
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(1)识别主题句与细节句 1 MrSmith raises some farm animals. 2 Mr.Smith has 30 cows, about 300 hens and he keeps some pigs as well.
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You should also think about the weather. You must bring everything you need for the trip. For camping trips in some far places, you may need special vehicles. You must first think about how you are going to get there. You also need maps if you don’t want to get lost.You have to consider food and places where you will sleep. Water is also important because you need to drink lots of it every day. If you’d like more information about camping trips, you can find other articles at http.// www. .
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题单选题40题
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题单选题40题1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of a city.B. The importance of education.C. The benefits of traveling.D. The development of technology.答案：B。
解析：文章主要讲述了教育对个人和社会的重要性，A 选项城市的历史在文章中未提及，C 选项旅行的好处不是文章重点，D 选项科技的发展与文章内容不符。
2. What is the passage mainly about?A. Different kinds of sports.B. The advantages of a healthy diet.C. The role of music in our lives.D. Ways to improve memory.答案：C。
解析：文章围绕音乐在我们生活中的作用展开，A 选项不同种类的运动与文章无关，B 选项健康饮食的好处不是文章重点，D 选项提高记忆力的方法文章未涉及。
3. What is the main topic of the text?A. Famous painters throughout history.B. The beauty of nature.C. The challenges of modern life.D. The importance of friendship.答案：D。
解析：文章主要探讨了友谊的重要性，A 选项历史上的著名画家文章未提及，B 选项自然之美不是文章核心，C 选项现代生活的挑战不是文章主题。
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a new product.B. To discuss environmental issues.C. To tell a story about a hero.D. To explain a scientific concept.答案：B。
阅读理解之主旨大意
Experiments Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the mostthey want to do for the rest of their lives. It is a big Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark if a tire is flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. Inin Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight inas a great writer, scientist and statesman. Read the following paragraphs and choose the correct main idea for each paragraph.1. Benjamin Franklin loved to write. When he was twenty-two, he Almanac. It had funny stories, information about the weather, and2. Benjamin Franklin loved the city of Philadelphia.He started the city’s first hospital and fire department. Ben alsoto A. Benjamin Franklin worked hard to make his city a great place to3. Benjamin Franklin was very interested in electricity. One dayhe tried a very dangerous experiment to prove that lightning was4.4. Benjamin Franklin invented many things that made life easier inhomes from fires. He also invented the Franklin stove. The stovecould heat a room better than a fireplace and saved people a lotof fuel. He also invented a special kind of glasses called bifocals.。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习+课件
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段落大意题 纳
文章大意题
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主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳) 旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力 1.段落大意题 ① What does the author tell us in paragraph...? ② Which of the following can best summarize para....? ③ What is the...paragraph mainly about? 2.文章大意题 ① What’s the main idea/point of the passage? ② Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ③ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? 3.标题归纳题 ① Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ② What would be the best title for the passage?
...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上 釉 )and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said...
高考英语阅读理解-主旨大意题
高考阅读理解主旨大意题专项主旨大意题通常涉及概括中心大意、揭示主题、选择标题判断作者写作意图等形式。
1.The main idea of the passage is that __________.2.The passage is mainly about __________.3.The best title of the passage is __________.4.From the passage we can learn/ conclude that __________.5.The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is __________.6.Which is the best title of this passage?7.What’s the main idea of the passage?8.What’s the purpose of__________?实战演练A(全国I)Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.1. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.2. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that_________ ．A. they look like young cuckoosB. they have claws on the wingsC. they eat a lot like a cowD. they live on river banks3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four wings like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better.C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.B(全国卷I )Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best .Those testedwith their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned. Most quickly to baseline heart rates .With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes. Than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more released (放松)around Pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a Year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average，people lost about 11 pounds，Or 5% of their body weight .Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more then 15%of their body weight .Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say Researchers，got more exercise overall –mostly with their dogs –and found it worth doing.1．What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their ownersB. How pets help people calm downC. people’s opinions of keeping petsD. Pet’s value in medical research2．We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if____________A. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often dose mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family3．According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.4．The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that __________.A. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpfulC(天津)To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.Common sense is not all that common.Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibili ty for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).”This saying mirrors an i deal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Commonsense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine．Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company,” the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people. Get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?1. According to the passage, which of following seems the most human?A. To search for truth．B. To achieve one’s idealC. To make fun of others’ mistakes．D. To criticize others for one’s own error. 2．According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s mat urity?A. Doing things his own way.B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes.C. Making as few mistakes as possible．D. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing.3．Which of the following is NOT based on common sense?A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather.C. A company’s next move follows a good plan．D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments．4. What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse?A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy.B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas.C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty.D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.5. What would be the best title for his passage?A. A Mirror of Human NatureB. To Blame or to ForgiveC. A Mark of MaturityD. Truth or ExcuseD(重庆)Sitting on the peaceful coast of the Galapagos Islands. Ecuador , watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget the Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired(启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to theislands.The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin die hour 200 years ago ,each day is as impressive as it could be.The most well crown animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise ( 巨型陆龟),which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself.Despite strict control over activities and timing, you stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures; diving with sea how that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch you feet as you swim and ,most magically , seeing a with and her baby surface with great breath of air.Traveling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will fell as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world .At night you will sleep on board the ship , leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.1. What do we know about Darwin’s visit to the islands?A. He studied different creatures on the islands.B. He completed his famous book on the islands.C. He was touched by the geography of the islands.D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands.2. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands “a paradise for wildlife”?A. Animals on the islands feed on grass.B. Local government forbids killing wildlife.C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish.D. Tourists are not allowed to torch the animals.3．Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of .A. the beautiful sea viewsB. Darwin’s inspiring tripC．a closer view of animals D. various daring activities4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife LoversB. Galapagos as a Paradise for AdventurersC. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of GalapagosD. A Successful Example of Wildlife ProtectionE(重庆)Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives.This sense of wonder is universal look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy(幻想) literature or movies like The lord of the Rings, This sense of wonder draws us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone to far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us?Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms, however, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters for television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends , we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad, But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet (出路) our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something, We are missing a connection with the living world. Otherwonderful wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.1. The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves ___ .A. the close connection between man and the fantasy worldB. the wonderful achievements of fantasy literatureC. the fine taste of moviegoers around the worldD. the general existence of the sense of curiosity2. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.B. The world around us could serve as a sound of wonder.C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.3. If our sense of wonder relies totally on the world of make-believe. We will______.A. fail to appreciate the joy in our livesB. be confused by the world of make-believeC. miss the chance to recognize the fantasy worldD. be trapped by other worlds existing all around us4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy wonderC. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonderD. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe。
英语阅读理解——主旨大意 大集合
2011届英语阅读理解专练主旨大意题A.设题方式①.考查文章的中心思想The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____.The passage is mainly about __.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?②.考查文章标题的选择The best title/headline for this passage is_________.Which of the following is the best title?What would be the best title for the text?The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.③.考查作者的写作态度和意图What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?The writer’s purpose in writing this story is____.In the passage the author wants to tell___.The writer’s attitude toward ... is___.B.干扰项特点①. 以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
②. 断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
③. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
④. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
高考英语阅读题之主旨大意课件
considered the seat of higher-order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found
that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain
Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies. The United States Supreme Court in 1988 staled that household garbage is public property once it’s on the streel.
of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to
regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of
those past choices to store in memory.
35. What might be the best title for the text?
… Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand. The United Nation's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, for example, calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings.
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题单选题40题答案解析版
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题单选题40题答案解析版1.What is the main idea of the passage about a famous scientist?A.His early life and education.B.His contributions to science.C.His hobbies and interests.D.His family background.答案：B。
这篇文章主要讲述了一位著名科学家对科学的贡献。
选项 A 只提到了他的早期生活和教育，不全面；选项C 他的爱好和兴趣不是文章重点；选项D 他的家庭背景也不是文章主要内容。
2.What is the main point of the text about a renowned musician?A.Her musical training.B.Her famous concerts.C.Her creative process.D.Her life story.答案：B。
文章主要围绕一位著名音乐家的著名音乐会展开。
选项 A 音乐训练不是重点；选项 C 创作过程不是主要内容；选项 D 她的一生故事范围太广，不具体。
3.What is the main theme of the article about a great writer?A.His writing style.B.His novels and stories.C.His inspiration for writing.D.His personal life.答案：B。
文章重点是这位伟大作家的小说和故事。
选项A 写作风格不是主旨；选项C 写作灵感不是主要内容；选项D 个人生活不是文章重点。
4.What is the central idea of the passage about an outstanding athlete?A.His training methods.B.His achievements in sports.C.His diet and fitness.D.His hobbies outside sports.答案：B。
中考英语阅读理解主旨大意题50题
中考英语阅读理解主旨大意题50题1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. To introduce a famous person.B. To describe a beautiful place.C. To tell a funny story.D. To explain a scientific concept.答案：B。
解析：文章主要内容是对一个美丽地方的描述，A 选项介绍一个名人不符合文章主旨，C 选项讲一个有趣的故事也不恰当，D 选项解释一个科学概念在文章中未体现。
2. The passage is mainly about _.A. a kind of animalB. a special eventC. a popular gameD. a traditional festival答案：D。
解析：文章围绕一个传统节日展开，A 选项一种动物不是文章重点，B 选项一个特殊事件与文章不符，C 选项一个流行游戏也不是文章主要内容。
3. What can we know from the passage?A. The main character is very brave.B. The story happened in a modern city.C. The weather is very good in the story.D. The ending of the story is very sad.答案：A。
解析：文章中能明确体现出主角很勇敢，B 选项故事发生在现代城市文章未提及，C 选项天气情况文章未描述，D 选项故事结局悲伤文章也未体现。
4. The main purpose of the passage is _.A. to teach people how to do somethingB. to make people laughC. to give information about somethingD. to persuade people to do something答案：C。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
高一英语阅读理解主旨大意30题
高一英语阅读理解主旨大意30题1<背景文章>In today's digital age, technology has had a profound impact on education. The integration of technology in the classroom has brought about significant changes in the way students learn and teachers teach. Technology has made learning more accessible, engaging, and personalized.One of the most notable impacts of technology on education is the availability of online resources. Students can now access a wealth of information from around the world with just a few clicks. Online libraries, educational videos, and interactive learning platforms have made it easier for students to explore different topics and expand their knowledge.Moreover, technology has also enhanced the learning experience by making it more interactive. Virtual reality and augmented reality applications can take students on virtual field trips, allowing them to explore historical sites, museums, and other places of interest. Interactive whiteboards and tablets have also made it possible for teachers to engage students in a more dynamic way.Another way technology has transformed education is through personalized learning. Adaptive learning software can analyze a student'slearning style and progress and provide personalized recommendations and feedback. This helps students learn at their own pace and focus on areas where they need more improvement.Technology has also made it easier for teachers to manage their classrooms and track student progress. Online grading systems and learning management platforms allow teachers to quickly and easily assess student work and provide feedback. This helps teachers identify areas where students are struggling and provide targeted support.In conclusion, technology has had a significant impact on education. It has made learning more accessible, engaging, and personalized, and has transformed the way teachers teach and students learn.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Technology has made education more difficult.B. Technology has had a positive impact on education.C. Technology has had no impact on education.D. Technology has made education less personalized.答案：B。
英语阅读理解-主旨大意经典篇
阅读理解主旨大意真题分类1.Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them....Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What is the min idea of the text？A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines language evolution.2. Going green seems to be fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the tow of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.What might be the best title for the passage?A．Going Green.B．Protecting the Planet.C．Keeping Open-Minded D．Celebrating Our Green Year.3. Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.The passage is meant to ______.A．justify paying for faster servicesB．discuss the morals of allocating thingsC．analyze the reason for standing in lineD．criticize the behavior of queue jumping4.Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？A.Exploring the Future of jazz.B.The Rise and Fall of jazz.C.The Story of a jazz Musician.D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.5. Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth....What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A．How to listen well.B．What to listen to.C．Benefits of listening.D．Problems in listening6. Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger , but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater....Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too In the United States , a family of four can use 1. 5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.The text is mainly about __________ .A．Why paving roads reduces our water B．how much we depend on water to live C．why droughts occur more in dry climates D．how human activity affects our water supply 7. ...According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed（安装）at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. ...What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A. Its moving speedB. Its appearanceC. Its installationD. Its safety8With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule of sleep.This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.What docs the text mainly talk about？A．Functions of the body clock. B．The "night owl" phenomenon.C．Human beings' sleep behaviour. D．The school schedule of "early birds".9Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain（保持）a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins（内啡肽）, and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone....The first paragraph focuses on____ .A. the greatest challenge of group exerciseB. the most effective way to improve physical fitnessC. the contribution of group exercise to psychological healthD. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups10.Across Britain，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers．But，according to a new study，we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year．...The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day．The emotional，physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending，but children are also sources of great joy and happiness．Investing(投入)in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent．What is stressed in the last paragraph?A．Mothers’importance shows in family all year long．B．The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile．C．Mothers’devotion to children can hardly be calculated．D．Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return．11.Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural（农村的）and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion（时刻）or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity（兴旺）in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies（预示）success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.What is the passage mainly about?A. The custom of sharing food.B. The importance of food in culture.C. The role of food in ceremonies.D. The specific meaning of food.12If you could have one superpower，what would it be？Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds，see through walls，or have superhuman strength may sound silly，but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life．Every day in our work，we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world．They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess：the power to make a difference in the lives of others．We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor．Your lives are busy enough doing homework，playing sports，making friends，seeking after your dreams．But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself．Find an issue you are interested in and learn more．V olunteer or，if you can，contribute a little money to a cause．Whatever you do，don't be a bystander （旁观者）．Get involved．You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you're older．But why not start now？...What does the author stress in Paragraph 5？A．Learning more and contributing more to a cause．B．Rising above self and acting to help others．C．Working hard to get a bigger opportunity．D．Trying your best to help the poor．13.Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember somethingthey learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as eversince. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years andstill ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"。
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题40题
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题40题1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The story of a famous person.B. The introduction of a new technology.C. The importance of environmental protection.D. The description of a beautiful scenery.答案：C。
本题主要考查对文章主旨的理解。
文章中多次提到环境保护的相关内容，而其他选项只是文章中的部分细节，并非整体主旨。
2. The main purpose of the text is to _.A. tell a funny storyB. explain a scientific conceptC. introduce a historical eventD. give advice on how to study答案：B。
文章重点是在对一个科学概念进行详细解释说明，其他选项不符合文章主要内容。
3. What can we know from the passage?A. The author's personal experience.B. The development of a city.C. The benefits of a certain diet.D. The rules of a game.答案：B。
文章围绕一个城市的发展历程展开，其他选项并非文章重点。
4. The main topic of the article is _.A. a famous bookB. a popular movieC. a traditional festivalD. a modern art form答案：C。
文章主要内容是关于一个传统节日的介绍，其他选项与文章主题不符。
高考英语 阅读理解之主旨大意题
阅读理解（主旨大意题）1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life.Kris Carter rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work.The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. ＂The complaints from the App didn't always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs, " explains Carter.Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition.Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers' mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to identify sidewalk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods.“Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good," says Carter,"We're really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the problem."1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The citizens' life.B．The city's reputation.C．The city's management.D．The benefits of technology.2．What problem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying out their program?A．They faced many technical obstacles.B．They couldn't serve all residents well.C．They were not supported by residents.D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed.3．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with?A．Maximizing the benefits of technology.B．Mixing approaches for solving problems.C．Giving full play to the power of residents.D．Letting tech companies be a leading role.4．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．A Smart City: More Than Just TechB．A City with Intelligent FacilitiesC．Joint-effort in City ConstructionD．The Modernization of a City【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，成就现代智慧城市。
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2011届英语阅读理解专练主旨大意题A.设题方式①.考查文章的中心思想The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____.The passage is mainly about __.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?②.考查文章标题的选择The best title/headline for this passage is_________.Which of the following is the best title?What would be the best title for the text?The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.③.考查作者的写作态度和意图What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?The writer’s purpose in writing this story is____.In the passage the author wants to tell___.The writer’s attitude toward ... is___.B.干扰项特点①. 以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
②. 断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
③. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
④. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
⑤. 无中生有或似是而非。
有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
C.解题指导1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。
主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况:1）主题句在开头｡主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义､点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨｡而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题，常伴有 for example\ i.e. \that is \first\ second \ finally \once \another time \for one thing 等词。
2）主题句在结尾｡用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳､画龙点睛的作用，多伴有so \therefore\thus \in short\ as a result\that is why 等词。
3）考生可以快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句，从而确定文章的主题句。
【考例分析1】Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without evenrealizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television. Nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other‘s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.75. This passage is mainly about_________. （2010·江西卷·E -节选自文章第一段）A. the development of body languageB. the special role humans play in natureC. the power to convey information to othersD. the difference between humans and animals in language use【考例分析2】My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story? （2010年重庆卷A篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.【考例分析3】We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.52. What is the main idea of the passage? （2010年浙江卷C篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. Multitasking has become a way of life.B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.4）值得注意的是:有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题｡这就要求考生在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意｡2.理清层次关系,，选出最佳标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,函盖性强｡做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。
注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。
所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。
【考例分析4】When you’re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!49. What would be the best title for the text? （2010年全国卷II B篇-节选自文章第一段）A．Adventures in Travel Writing B．Working as a Food CriticC．Travel Guides on the Market D．Vacationing for a Living【考例分析5】Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce theirchances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.67. What would be the best title for this text? （2010年辽宁卷C篇-节选自文章第一段）A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children's Learning Habits【考例分析6】To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.Common sense is not all that common.Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature . To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的). ”This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.55. What would be the best title for his passage? （2010年天津卷D篇-节选自文章第一部分）A. A Mirror of Human NatureB. To Blame or to ForgiveC. A Mark of MaturityD. Truth or Excuse3.抓住关键词，判断作者意图作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。