上海外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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上海外国语大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题之欧阳育创编

上海外国语大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题之欧阳育创编

2013上外MTI_翻译硕士英语考研真题Making the most of diversityFrom ReutersThu Nov 15, 2012 4:22pm ESTBy Chrystia FreelandNEW YORK Nov 15 (Reuters) - For America, 2012 will go down in history as the year of the Latinos, the blacks, the women and the gays. That rainbow coalition won President Barack Obama his second term. This triumph of the outsiders is partly due to America's changing demographics. And it is not just the United States that is becoming more diverse. Canada is, too,as is much of Europe.That is why it is worth thinking hard about how to make diverse teams effective, and how people who straddle two cultural worlds can succeed. Three academics, appropriately enough a diverse group based in Asia and America, have been doing some provocative research that suggests that our ability to comfortably integrate our different identities - or not - is the key.In "Connecting the Dots Within: Creative Performance and Identity Integration," Chi-Ying Cheng of Singapore Management University, Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, and Fiona Lee, also at the University of Michigan, argue that ethnic minorities and women in male-dominated professions are most creative when they have found a way to believe that their "multiple and conflicting social identities are compatible.""We tried to see how people who have to deal with seemingly in-conflict culture or gender identities cope," Cheng told me. Their conclusion was that people who have found a way to reconcile their two identities - Asian-Americans, for example, or women who work in male-dominated jobs like engineering - are the best at finding creative solutions to problems."Those who see their identities as compatible, they are better at combining ideas from the two identities to come up with something new," Cheng said. "While those who also share these two social identities, but see them as being in conflict, they cannot come up with new ideas."Cheng, Sanchez-Burks and Lee devised a research strategyto probe this issue that you do not need a Ph.D. to appreciate: They asked Asian-Americans to invent new fusion cuisine dishes using both typically Asian and typically American ingredients, and they asked female engineers to design products geared specifically to women. In both cases, people who were at peace with their dual identities performed better."Asian-Americans who had higher bicultural integration could create more creative recipes, and they believed it was possible to come up with more recipes," Cheng said. "By contrast, Asian-Americans who feel their two identities are in conflict cannot come up with as many creative recipes.'' Cheng has her own experience of being a minority. She is from Taiwan but went to graduate school in the United States; she is a woman but has taught in the male-dominated environment of graduate business schools. She does not minimize the challenge of coming to terms with this sort of diversity."People who have high identity integration, it is not that they are more easygoing. It is that they find peace between the two different worlds," Cheng said. "It is not that easy. Pretending doesn't work. There has to be realunderstanding and integration between the two worlds. They find a way for the two worlds to coexist inside a person."This academic work is a useful prism for understanding the man who may be the world's most prominent integrator of two potentially conflicting identities: President Obama. He has gained admission to what used to be the most exclusive white club of all, the White House, while remaining patently at ease with his black identity.As Cheng advises, Obama does not ignore the complexities of straddling these two worlds: He governs with an acute awareness of the particular challenges a black skin poses for the man Americans still like to describe as the leader of the free world. But the president is also deeply at ease with his various identities, a psychological state that may help him use them to powerful effect - as in the election campaign, when he rallied pretty much all Americans who think of themselves as different.The conclusions of Cheng, Sanchez-Burks and Lee suggest a tantalizing follow-up question: How can we achieve the personal integration these scholars have identified as crucial to making a virtue of diversity? Further research by Chengoffers one answer: "You can integrate your identities if you have positive bicultural experiences. The macrosystem can influence the microsystem."In other words, if the world around us tells us our dual identities are compatible, we will believe that, and act accordingly. If female engineers work in a company that treats their gender as a virtue, they will do better. If Asian-Americans live in a community that celebrates both aspects of their identity, they will be more effective.America's rainbow coalition won at the ballot box this month, but in other settings the nation has become a little weary of diversity-cheering movements like multiculturalism and even explicit feminism. Cheng's work suggests that cynicism may be misplaced. Diversity can work, but we have to work at it.上面划线部分为完型填空的答案1、According to the author, what it takes for a minorityperson to succeed in the US?2、Why the author considers barak obama a success?3、Elaborate the author’s argument “The macrosys tem caninfluence the microsystem.”4、What are the author alluding to with the phrase “rainbowcoalition”?Write in English 500 words about your comment on how to succeed in an increasingly diverse environment.。

上海外国语大学翻译专业研究生历年真题

上海外国语大学翻译专业研究生历年真题

[hide][/hide]1991年上外研究生翻译考试真题Translate the following passage into Chinese.(25%)Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such it is precious as the sign of an indestructible instinct. Perhaps thetime is already come when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life, cannot always be fed on the mere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt that poetry will revive lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, which now flames in our zenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the polestar for a thousand years?(Excerpted from The American Scholar by R.W. Emerson)II.Translate the following passage into English.(25%)海风微微的吹过岛上,白日里剩下的热气全吹走了。

2015年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士考研真题(三)

2015年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士考研真题(三)

2015年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士考研真题(三)汉语写作与百科知识
一、填空题
1、元太祖铁木真是草原上的英雄,蒙古人称他为_____
2、计量单位石,1石是____,它的读音是____
3、药石中的石是指____,即针石
4、南北朝中南朝经历了四个朝代____、____、____、____
5、____、____、____、____是戏曲中的四个基本功
7、令爱,令嫒是指___
6、函陷和芙蕖是指____
7、程颢程颐是心学集大成者,南宋的____是理学的集大成者
二、成语解释,释义,标明出处并造句
1、破釜沉舟
2、负荆请罪
3、韦编三绝
4、想当然
5、围魏救赵
三、阅读文章并写读后感(不少于1000字)
关于十八大四中全会通过了《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》的一篇政治性文章的读后感
以上就是2015年上海外国语大学MTI翻译硕士的考研真题,希望对大家有所帮助,更多资料,请关注凯程教育。

上海外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题解析

上海外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题解析

上海外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题解析上海外国语大学(回忆+原题)翻译硕士英语题型,无选项,无首字母完型,关于人类学的;超长阅读一篇,十分长非常长,4个回答问题吧;写作一篇,关于一句人生哲言的。

一篇cloze一篇阅读还有一篇作文cloze的那篇文章题目是Into Africa--human ancestors from Asia文章不长有15个空,但没有任何选项供选择,文章大概讲的是:人们一直认为非洲是人类祖先的发源地,但是近期考古学家发现的化石研究发现人类的组先很可能是从亚洲而来。

具体的填空不是很难,如果看懂文章的话。

无首字母,15空,2分一个,讲得大概是人类祖先并非起源于非洲,而是可能从亚洲迁移而来的.EvolutionInto Africa–the human ancestors from AsiaThe human family tree may not have taken root in Africa after all, claimscientists,after finding that its ancestors may have travelled fromAsia.By Richard Alleyne,Science Correspondent7:00PM BST27Oct2010While it is widelyaccepted that man evolved in Africa,in fact its immediate predecessors mayhave1colonised thecontinent after developing elsewhere,the study says.The claims are madeafter a team2unearthedthe fossils of anthropoids–the primate group that includes humans,apes andmonkeys–in Libya's Dur At-Talah.Paleontologistsfound that3amongstthe39million year old fossils there were three distinct families ofanthropoid primates,all of whom lived in the4area at approximately the same time.Few or anyanthropoids are known to have existed in Africa during this 5period,known as theEocene epoch.This could eithersuggest a huge gap in Africa's fossil record–6unlikely, say the scientists,given the amount ofarchaeological work undertaken in the area–7or that the species"colonised"Africafrom another continent at this time.As the evolutioninto three species would have8taken extreme lengths of time,combined with the lack of fossilrecords in Africa,the team concludes that Asia was the most likely9origin.Writing in thejournal Nature,the experts said they believed migration from Asia to be themost10plausibletheory.Christopher Beard,of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, said:"11If our ideas are correct,this early colonisation of Africa by anthropoids was a truly12pivotal event—one ofthe key points in our evolutionary history."At the time,Africa was an island continent;when these13anthropoids appeared,there was nothing on thatisland that could compete with them. "It led to aperiod of flourishing evolutionary divergence amongstanthropoids,and one ofthose lineages14resultedin humans."If our earlyanthropoid ancestors had not succeeded in migrating from Asia to Africa,wesimply15wouldn'texist."He added:"This extraordinary new fossil site in Libya shows us that in the middleEocene,39million years ago,there was a surprising diversity of anthropoidsliving in Africa,whereas few if any anthropoids are known from Africa beforethis time."This suddenappearance of such diversity suggests that these anthropoids probably colonisedAfrica from somewhere else."Withoutearlier fossil evidence in Africa,we're currently looking to Asia as the placewhere these animals first evolved."阅读。

上外英语专业考研翻译真题及答案01-06(超级豪华精装版)

上外英语专业考研翻译真题及答案01-06(超级豪华精装版)

1.Translate the following into English(50%)(注意“.”是代表“顿号”)(1)中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。

中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化,具有光荣的革命传统。

(2)一八四零年以后,封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地.半封建的国家。

中国人民为国家独立.民族解放和民族自由进行了前扑后继的英勇奋斗。

(3)二十世纪,中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。

(4)一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命,废除了封建帝制,创立了中华民国。

但是,中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。

(5)一九四九年,以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民,在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后,终于推倒了帝国主义.封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治,取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利,建立了中华人民共和国。

从此,中国人民掌握了国家的权利,成为国家的主人。

(6)中华人民共和国成立以后,我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。

生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成,人剥削人的制度已经消失,社会主义制度已经确立。

工人阶级领导的.以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政,实质上即无产阶级专政,得到巩固和发展。

中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义.霸权主义的侵略.破坏和武装挑衅,维护了国家的独立和安全,增强了国防。

经济建设取得了重大的成就,独立的.比较完善的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成,农业生产显著提高。

教育.科学.文化等事业有了很大的发展,社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成就。

广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。

(7)中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就,都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民,在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想的指引下,坚持真理,修正错误,战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。

今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。

中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下,在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想指引下,健全社会主义法制,自力更生,艰苦奋斗,逐步实现工业.农业.国防和科学技术的现代化,把我国建设成为高度文明.高度民主的社会主义国家。

(NEW)上海外国语大学高级翻译学院《841翻译实践(英汉互译)》历年考研真题及详解

(NEW)上海外国语大学高级翻译学院《841翻译实践(英汉互译)》历年考研真题及详解

目 录2009年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践(英汉互译)考研真题及详解2006年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践(英汉互译)考研真题及详解2009年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践(英汉互译)考研真题及详解I. Translate the following into Chinese(75分)The Short MarchBy BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiang’s new developmentsOn a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21/2 years later we had decided to take the plunge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was then—and remains now—very much a work in progress.We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a development called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45 km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for miles that was not yet being developed—about five acres (20,000 sq. m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workers building this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers lived—a husband, wife and teenage son. They had no running water—they bathed and washed their clothes in the river—and the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye.I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river. I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but there’s this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, what in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of China’s latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the Standard Chartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chinese Dream.Best Years of Their LivesFor the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this country’s economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of that great migration, however, there is another one now about to take place—less visible, but arguably no less powerful. As China’s major cities—there are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000—become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as the country’s cities become ever more polluted.This is China’s Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will move to what are called “satellite cities” in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing is happening all across China. This process—China’s own suburban flight—is at the core of the next phase of this country’s development, and will be for years to come.The consequences of this suburbanization are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World。

考上外《翻译硕士英语》样题

考上外《翻译硕士英语》样题

考上外《翻译硕士英语》样题翻译硕士考试《翻译硕士英语》样题I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field.A. contradictB. reformC. counterD. protest2. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________.A. minorityB. scarcityC. rarityD. minimum3. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January.A. carries into effectB. takes effectC. has effectD. puts into effect4. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending.A. financeB. expandC. enlargeD. budget5. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region.A. concentratedB. extensiveC. intenseD. intensive6. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.A. forbiddenB. rejectedC. excludedD. denied7. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out8. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s _________ rather than the company’s.A. benefitB. availabilityC. suitabilityD. convenience9. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church.A. markB. signalC. signD. gesture10. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it.A. lightlyB. sparselyC. hardlyD. rarely11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were12. With some men dressing down and some other menflaunting their looks, it is really hard to tell they are gay or _________.A. straightB. homosexualC. beautifulD. sad13. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to14. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came15. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be16. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of17. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion whenI ________ the journey in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make18. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but19. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman20. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed… takeB. had betrayed… tookC. has betrayed… tookD. has betrayed… takeII. Reading comprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regionallanguages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that itis here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from theEuropean Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. T o familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citiz ens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cu ltural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations.D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separatist.B. conventional.C. feudal.D. political3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people’s desire for devolution.B. locals’ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people’s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town’s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage BThe miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food, warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effectwas a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k) is that it puts mostof the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when theemployee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have s old. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. Itwon’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most ti mes and places, they’re on their own.6. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.7. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standard.D. people’s social values.8. Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA. the corporate lay-offs.B. the government cuts in welfare spending.C. the economic restructuring.D. the warning power of labors unions.9. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment optionmainly becauseA. the 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.10. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. The 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.Sectio n 2 Answering questions (20’)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions 1~3For 40 years the sight of thousands of youngsters striding across the open moorland has been as much an annual fixture as spring itself. But the 2,400 school pupils who join the grueling Dartmoor Ten T ors Challenge next Saturday may be among the last to take part in the May tradition. The trek faces growingcriticism from environmentalists who fear that the presence of so many walkers on one weekend threatens the survival of some of Dartmoor’s internationally rare bird species.The Ten Tors Challenge takes place in the middle of the breeding season, when the slightest disturbance can jeopardize birds’ chances of reproducing successf ully. Experts at the RSPB and the Dartmoor National Park Authority fear that the walkers could frighten birds and even crush eggs. They are now calling for the event to be moved to the autumn, when the breeding season is over and chicks should be well established. Organisers of the event, which is led by about 400 Territorial Army volunteers, say moving it would be impractical for several reasons and would mean pupils could not train properly for the 55-mile trek. Dartmoor is home to 10 rare species of ground-nesting birds, including golden plovers, dunlins and lapwings. In some cases, species are either down to their last two pairs on the moor or are facing a nationwide decline.Emma Parkin, South-west spokeswoman for the PASPB, took part in the challenge as a schoolgirl. She said the society had no objections to the event itself but simply wanted it moved to another time of year. “It is a wonderful activity for the children who take part but, having thousands of people walking past in one weekend when bird s are breeding is hardly ideal,” she said. “We would prefer it to take place after the breeding and nesting season is over. There is a risk of destruction and disturbance. If the walkers put a foot in the wrong place they can crush the eggs and if there is sufficient disturbance the birds might abandon the nest.” Helen Booker, an RSPB upland conservation officer, saidthere was no research into the scale of the damage but there was little doubt the walk was detrimental. “If people are tramping past continually it can harm the chances of successful nesting. There is also the fear of direct trampling of eggs.” A spokesman for the Dartmoor National Park Authority said the breeding season on the moor lasted from early March to mid-July, and the Ten Tors Challenge created the potential for disturbance for March, when participants start training.To move the event to the autumn was difficult because children would be on holiday during the training period. There was a possibility that some schools in the Southwest move to a four-term year in 2004, “but until then any change was unlikely. The authority last surveyed bird life on Dartmoor two year ago and if the next survey showed any further decline, it would increase pressure to move the Challenge,” he said.Major Mike Pether, secretary of the army committee that organises the Challenge, said the event could be moved if there was the popular will. “The Ten Tors has been running for 42 years and it has always been at this time of the year. It is almost in tablets of stone but that’s not to say we won’t consider moving if there is a consensus in favour. However, although the RSPB would like it moved, 75 per cent of the people who take part want it to stay as it is,” he said. Major Pether said the trek could not be moved to earlier in the year because it would conflict with the lambing season, most of the children were on holiday in the summer, and the winter weather was too harsh.Datmoor National Park occupies some 54 sq km of hillstopped by granite outcrops known a s “Tors” with the highest Tor-capped hill reaching 621m. The valleys and dips between the hills are often sites of bogs to snare the unwary hiker. The moor has long been used by the British Army as a training and firing range. The origin of the event stretches back to 1959 when three Army officers exercising on the moor thought it would provide a challenge for civilians as well as soldiers. In the first year 203 youngsters took up the challenges. Since then teams, depending on age and ability, face hikes of 35, 45 or 55 miles between 10 nominated T ors over two days. They are expected to carry everything they need to survive.1. What is the Ten Tors Challenge? Give a brief introduction of its location and history.2. Why is it suggested that the event be moved to the autumn or other seasons?3. What are the difficulties if the event is moved to the autumn or other seasons?Questions 4~5Mike and Adam Hurewitz grew up together on Long Island, in the suburbs of New York City. They were very close, even for br others. So when Adam’s liver started failing, Mike offered to give him half of his. The operation saved Adam’s life. But Mike, who went into the hospital in seemingly excellent health, developed a complication—perhaps a blood colt—and died last week. He w as 57. Mike Hurewitz’s death has prompted a lot of soul searching in the transplant community. Was it a tragic fluke or a sign that transplant surgery has reachedsome kind of ethical limit? The Mount Sinai Medical Center, the New York City hospital where the complex double operation was performed, has put on hold its adult living donor liver transplant program, pending a review of Hurewitz’s death. Mount Sinai has performed about 100 such operations in the past three years.A 1-in-100 risk of dying may not seem like bad odds, but there’s more to this ethical dilemma than a simple ratio. The first and most sacred rule of medicine is to do no harm. “For a normal healthy person a mortality rate 1% is hard to justify,” says Dr. John Fung, chief of transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. “If the rate stays at 1%, it’s just not going to be accepted.” On the other hand, there’s an acute shortage of traditional donor organs from people who have died in accidents or suffered fatal heart attacks. If family members fully understand the risks and are willing to proceed, is there any reason to stand in their way? Indeed, a recent survey showed that most people will accept a mortality rate for living organ donors as high as 20%. The odds, thankfull y, aren’t nearly that bad. For kidney donors, for example, the risk ranges from 1 in 2, 500 to 1 in 4, 000 for a healthy volunteer. That helps explain why nearly 40% of kidney transplants in the U.S. come from living donors.The operation to transplant a liver, however, is a lot trickier than one to transplant a kidney. Not only is the liver packed with blood vessels, but it also makes lots of proteins that need to be produced in the right ratios for the body to survive. When organs from the recently deceased are used, the surgeon gets to pick which part of the donated liver looks the best and to take as much of it as needed. Assuming all goes well, a healthy liver cangrow back whatever portion of the organ is missing, sometimes within a month.A living-donor transplant works particularly well when an adult donates a modest portion of the liver to a child. Usually only the left lobe of the organ is required, leading to a mortality rate for living-donors in the neighborhood of 1 in 500 to 1 in 1, 000. But when the recipient is another adult, as much as 60% of the donor’s liver has to be removed. “There really is very little margin for error,” says Dr. Fung. By way of analogy, he suggests, think of a tree. “An adult-to-child living-donor transplant is like cutting off a limb. With an adult-to-adult transplant, you’re splitting the trunk in half and trying to keep both halves alive.”Even if a potential donor understand and accepts these risks, that doesn’t necessarily mean the operation should proceed. All sorts of subtle pressures can be brought to bear on such a decision, says Dr. Mark Siegler, director of the MacLean for Clinical Medical Ethics at the University of Chicago. “Sometimes the sicker the patient, the greater the pressure and the more willing the donor will be to accept risks.” If you feel you can’t say no, is your decision truly voluntary? And if not, is it the medical community’s responsibility to save you from your own best intentions?Transplant centers have developed screening programs to ensure that living donors fully understand the nature of their decision. But unexamined, for the most part, is the larger issue of just how much a volunteer should be allowed to sacrifice to save another human being. So far, we seem to be saying some risk isacceptable, although we’re still vaguer about where the cutoff should be. There will always be family members like Mike Hurewitz who are heroically prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for a loved one. What the medical profession and society must de cide is if it’s appropriate to let them do so.4. Describe in your own words the liver transplant between the two brothers Mike and Adam.5. What is the major issue raised in the article?III. Writing (30’)Some people see education simply as going to school or college, or as a means to secure good jobs; other people view education as a lifelong process. In your opinion, how important is education to people in the modern society?Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.。

上海外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTI考研真题与答案

上海外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTI考研真题与答案

上海外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTIk考研真题I. Phrase Translation1. Austerity measures: 财政紧缩措施2. UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织( United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization )3. The US Senate: (美国)参议院4. APEC: 亚太经济合作组织亚太经合组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)5. Washington Post: (美国)《华盛顿邮报》6. NATO: 北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)7. Arab Spring: 阿拉伯之春8. Gary Locke: 骆家辉(原美国驻华大使)9. Reuters:(英国)路透社10. Wall Street Journal:(美国)《华尔街日报》II. 中文词汇翻译成英文十二五规划:Twelfth Five-Year Plan十七届六中全会:the Sixth Plenary Session of the seventeenthCentral Committee 全国人大:NPC ( National People’s Congress )新华社:the Xinhua News Agency软实力:Soft Power中美战略经济对话:China-US Strategic and EconomicDialogue上海合作组织:SCO ( Shanghai Cooperation Organization )珠江三角州:Pearl River Delta西气东输:project of natural gas transmission from West to East China; West–East Gas Pipeline北京共识: Beijing ConsensusII. Passage translationSection A English to ChineseReforming education-The great schools revolutionEducation remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, some vital lessons are beginning to be learned Sep 17th 2011 | DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print editionFROM Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countries education is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world.Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them. In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have beenmeasuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years.Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institutions like America’s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results.Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “the three great excuses” for bad schools have receded in importance. Teachers’ unions have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves.The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated—or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States—yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money.Many still insist, though, that social class makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations” as the main reason why its pupils underperform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels,” it concludes, “there has been little narrowing of longstanding and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first.Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences within them. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as this briefing will now do, many Western systems could jump forward merely by bringing their worst schools up to the standard of their best.So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four importantthemes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachieving pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all be traced in three places that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.Section B Chinese to English国务院新闻办发表《中国特色社会主义法律体系》白皮书,这是2011年10月27号发布的。

上海外国语大学357英语翻译基础2022年考研真题试卷

上海外国语大学357英语翻译基础2022年考研真题试卷

上海外国语大学2022年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目:357英语翻译基础专业:翻译说明:所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题或草稿纸上无效一、汉译英(80分)用“双增”推动“双减”落实今天,上海市教委就“强化学校教育主阵地作用”召开新闻发布会称,上海方面已注意到“双减”工作既要治标、又要治本的要求,未来将尝试通过用“双增”来推动“双减”的具体落实。

“把课外内容减了,我们要把课内做强做好。

”上海市教委相关负责人表示,上海将把“增强学校主阵地功能、增强校内教育质量”作为落实“双减”工作的主要内容,其中包括加强学校作业管理、全面实施义务教育课后服务、建立培育课后服务支持体系、加快推进紧密型学区集团建设、推进落实全员导师制全覆盖6个方面内容。

“这是首次明确把课后服务延伸到初中学段。

参加课后服务将成为学生常态,大多数人都参加。

”上海市教委相关负责人介绍,与课后服务时长配套的,是对学校布置高质量作业的新要求。

上海市教委相关负责人员说,高质量作业要求“小学作业不出校门,初中疑难作业不带回家”。

为此,上海还将要求义务教育阶段各所学校建立作业公示制度,公示作业完成时间和内容。

“校长和老师们要思考,如何向40分钟的课堂要质量。

而不是反复操练,捆绑出来的好成绩没有用。

”上海市教委相关负责人员介绍,考核的是80%学生的作业时长,不算平均数,作业管理将被纳入学校绩效考核范围。

上海市教委相关负责人介绍,上海“双减”工作的一个重要导向是关注每个学生,包括学生的情绪疏导、未来发展、生命价值讨论等。

“强调系统性、整体性、针对性地推进‘双减’工作,治标的同时要从治本上下工夫”。

二、英译汉(70分)The Reader,the Text,the PoemThe views set forth here have been tested and tempered by over forty years of observing and reflecting on readers'involvements with texts ranging from Chaucer and Shakespeare to Joyce and Wallace Stevens.For two decades,in a course on"Criticism and the Literary Experience,"I was able to pursue the study systematically.I presented texts-many of them repeated year after year to graduateand undergraduate students,who were often helped to develop a measure of self-criticism before their study of the critical canon from Plato to Eliot and beyond.A by-product for me was the opportunity,through various techniques,to gather evidence of what went onduring their reading.I was able to discover continuities and differences in response with changing student populations and changing mores,and to analyze the processes and patterns that manifested themselves in the actual movement toward an interpretation.My aim was to immerse myself in a rich source of insights,not merely to accumulate a body of codified data.What follows,therefore,is a distillation of my observations,reflections,and reading.As contemporary philosophers remind us,the observer inevitably enters into his observations:although I stress the inductive groundwork,obviously I brought to these inquiries various assumptions and hypotheses to be either supported or discarded.Further,strict training in the historical and critical disciplines of literary scholarship had established in me habits of thought from some of which I needed to be liberated.Perhaps this book can perform a similar service for others,not merely by articulating a particular set of intellectual theses but by inducing a new way of thinking about literary works of art.With one exception already alluded to,I have avoided the current tendency to create new terminology.Citations also have been kept to a minimum;a list of the works consulted over the years,or even those to which I am in some way indebted,beyond the ones mentioned in the notes,would be excessively long.I shall try simply to suggest the intellectual matrix within which the transactional theory of the literary work has evolved.As I look back on a long scholarly career,I become aware of a continuing need to affirm and to reconcile two often opposed positions,phrased,in earliest terms,as a Keatsian sense of the unique values of art,on the one hand,and,on the other,a Shelleyan feeling for its social origins and social impact.My first book,(L'Idée de l'art pour l'art dans la littérature anglaise (Paris,1931),)written for the doctorate in comparative literature at the Sorbonne,was a study of the theories of art for art's sake developed by nineteenth-century English and French writers to combat the pressures of an uncomprehending or hostile society.In the concluding pages,I stated the need for a public of readers able"to participate fully in the poetic experience" -readers able to provide a nurturing,free environment for poets and other artists of the word.Their texts possess,I believed,the highest potentialities for bringing the whole human personality,as Coleridge had said,"into activity."Here already was the germ of an increasingly intense preoccupation with the importance,to the arts and to society,of the education of readers of literature.My second book,(Literature as Exploration(1938),)confronted this problem directly,setting forth a philosophy of the teaching of literature the outgrowth mainly of my experience in teaching English and comparativeliterature at Barnard College.The book also refleeted work with Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict in the graduate department of anthropology at Columbia University.By that time,the writings of William Tamea.C.S.Peirce.Genroe Santavana,and John Dewey had provided a philosophic base for reconciling my aesthetic and social commitments.Dewey's Arl as Experience especially left its mark,perhaps more through its vision of aesthetic values woven into the texture of the daily life of human beings than its specific treatment of the literary arts.。

上海外国语大学翻硕英汉互译真题

上海外国语大学翻硕英汉互译真题

上海外国语大学翻硕英汉互译真题上海外国语大学翻译基础科目英汉互译真题MDGS Mille nn ium Developme nt Goals 千禧年发展计划Ban Ki-moon 潘基文国务卿Secretary of State雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)次贷危机sub-prime crisis西部大开发战略strategy of wester n developme ntCAD:计算机辅助设施red star over china :《西行漫记》个体工商户:private bus in ess鸦片战争:First Opium War民革:Revolutio nary Committee of the Ch in ese Kuomi ntang 即中国国名党革命委员会民盟:China Democratic League限价房:limited price社会保障体系:Social Security System国计委:state planning conmmissionNASA:美国国家航空航天局FBI :美国联邦调查局UNESCO:联合国科教文组织CCTV:中国中央电视台IAEA:国际原子能机构FDI:外商直接投资Diet of Japan:国会The Tories:托利党王党保守党The Treasure Department of the U.S :美国财政部The State Department in the Washington:华盛顿美国国务院Bala nee of Payme nts:国际收支平衡港人治港:Hong Kong Self-rule Hong Kong people gover n Hong Kong全面建设小康社会:to build a moderately prosperous society in all aspects中国特色社会主义:socialism with Chin ese characteristic构建两岸关系和平发展的框架:Con struct ing peaceful developme nt of cross-straits relati ons framework知足常乐:content is happ in ess水火无情:Fire and water have no mercy一蹶不振:cannot recover after a setbackGenetic mutation:基因突变International Herald Tribune:《国际先驱论坛报》一次性筷子:on e-off chopsticks按揭贷款:mortgage loa nIATA: 国际航空运输协会IPR:知识产权UNICEF: 联合国国际儿童基金bon ded warehouse:保税仓Binary theory:二进制理论温室气体:gree nhouse gases转基因食物:GM FOODAPEC:亚太经合组织售后服务:after-sale servicede facto:实际制艾滋病毒:AIDS virus应用语言学:applied lin guisticCBS:哥伦比亚广播公司dyn amic equivale nee:动态对等法P ostScript :附言transliteration :直译overtranslation :超额翻译black sheep:害群之马outsource :外包山寨手机:copycat cellph ones破釜沉舟:cut off all means of retreat以牙还牙:return like for like对冲基金:Hedge fund本末倒置:put the in cide ntal before the fun dame ntalGDP:国内生产总值BBS:电子布告栏WHO :世界卫生组织LCD :液晶显示屏LC : 登陆艇(Ian di ng craft)NGO:非政府组织、民间组织CPPCC:中国人民政治协商会议ASEM ;亚欧会议China- ASEAN Expo ;中国东盟展览会SWOT analysis:四点分析(优势劣势机会威胁) Global Sourcing:全球采购In formati on Asymmetry : 信息不对称Innocent Presumption : 无罪推定The Book of Rites :《礼记》Mencius:孟子Con secutive In terpret ing:接续口译The House of Commons: 下议院A farewell to arms 《永别了武器》全国人民代表大会:National People ' s Congress夕卜交咅B ; Ministry of Foreign affairs会展会计:exhibiti on economy注册会计师:CPA( Certified Public Accou ntant)董事会:board of directors中国证监会;CSRC Ch ina Security Regulatory Commissi on )廉政公署:ICAC( In depe ndent Commissi on Aga inst Corruptio n)暂行推定:temporary provisi ons有罪推定;guilty presumption佛经翻译:the translation of Buddhist scriptures百年老店:cen tury-old shop论语:the An alects三国演义:Roma nee of Three Kin gdoms / Three Kin gdoms南方都市报:South City News台湾当局:TaiWa n authorities台独:Tai Wan In depe ndence台湾同胞;Tai Wan compatriots反分裂国家法 : the an ti-secessi on law一国两制:One country two systemsCIS countries:独联体国家中美联合公报:Si no-US Joi nt Commu nique commuter :通勤者上班乘车者USNE :美棉北欧到岸价TAO :道教CDED :欧洲裁军会议( conference on disarmament in Europe)。

2024年上海外国语大学考研法语口译法语翻译基础科目真题

2024年上海外国语大学考研法语口译法语翻译基础科目真题

2024年上海外国语大学考研法语口译法语翻译基础科目真题业务课名称:法语口译(满分150分,3小时)考生须知:1.答案必须写在答题纸上,写在其他纸上无效。

2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答,用其他答题不给分,不得使用涂改液。

一法译汉法译汉第1篇:Le rapport qui suit n'est pas tant la description de l'état de la langue française qu'une présentation, une saisie sur le vif du mouvement francophone dans le monde. Ils'ouvre en effet sur ce constat :«On nait de moins en moins francophone, mais on le devient de plus en plus.» Car la francophonie, comme il est dit dans le rapport, est devenir, variations, polycentrisme. D'un mot, elle reflète le pluriel du monde. La francophonie est devenir car elle est énergie qui puise àcelle des démographies d'un continent africain qui, comme elle, va vers sa jeunesse. La langue française est donc plus que jamais langue d'Afrique, de ses écoles, de sa production littéraire, desa recherche, de ses pensées. Elle sait également se faire la lingua franca de ses rues, de ses marchés, de ses villes en croissance toujours plus rapide.La francophonie est devenir aussi car elle est accueil, encore et toujours, des variations et variétés qui continûment adviennent dans le foisonnement des cultures qu'elle rassemble autour de la langue qu'elles partagent.Elle compose ainsi un cercle vivant dont on dira, en paraphrasant l'ancienne image m édiévale, que son centre est partout et sa circonférence nulle part. Polymorphe et polycentrique donc, la francophonie fait corps avec le pluriel du monde. Son credo est qu'un monde pluriel est non seulement un fait, mais une valeur qui doit lui donner orientation. La francophonie est ainsi la promotion continue du pluralisme linguistique et de ses vertus, dans le monde et en son sein. Parmi celles-ci, d'abord, la facultéde penser de langue àlangue, qui est aussi capacitéde décentrement et d'ouverture. Voilàpourquoi ce rapport insiste sur «les dangers du monolinguisme»en général, dans les institutions et les relations internationales en particulier. Il ne s'agit pas, en effet, d'imposer ou de s'imposer une langue qui seraitplus 《universelle》que les autres, mais de comprendre que dans un monde du pluriel des cultures et des idiomes, qui sont autant de visages de I'humanité, c'est au bout de la rencontre des langues, de leur dialogue, qui peut être difficile, de leur mise en relation, qui ne va certes pas sans malentendus, que se trouve le commun,I'universel, qu'il faut réaliser ensemble.Qui ne peut donc être, selon le mot du philosophe Maurice Merleau-Ponty, que «lat éral» ou«horizontal》et non pas «de surplomb». De ce (multi)latéralisme nécessairement plurilingue, la francophonie est le héraut et la manifestation.法译汉第2篇:Fixe également une limite d'âge de 13 ans pour l'utilisation des outils d'lA dans les salles de classe, et appelle àformer les enseignants spécifiquement sur ce sujet. Ce sont quelques unes des propositions du tout premier Guide mondial pour I'IA gén érative dans l'éducation et la recherche publiéen septembre 2023.L'initiative vise àgarantir une approche centrée sur I'humain lors de l'intégration de ces technologies dans l'éducationLe public a découvert I'lA générative en novembre 2022 àla suite du lancement de ChatGPT, qui est devenue l'application àla croissance la plus rapide de I'histoire. Capable de génÃrer des textes, des images, des vidéos, de la musique et des codes de logiciels, les outils d'IA générative ont des conséquences considérables sur l'éducation et la recherche.Pourtant, le secteur de l'éducation reste insuffisamment préparéàl'intégration éthique et pédagogique de ces outils àévolution rapide. Selon une récente enquêªte mondiale de I'UNESCO, menÃée auprès de plus de 450 écoles et universités, moins de 10 % d'entre elles disposent de politiques institutionnelleset/ou d'orientations formelles concernant l'utilisation des applications génératives de I'IA, en grande partie en raison de l'absence de réglementations nationales.二汉译法汉译法第1篇,平遥古城的介绍平遥古城是14世纪建成的中国汉族传统建筑的卓越保护典范。

上海外国语大学2005年考研英语语言文学专业翻译试题及答案

上海外国语大学2005年考研英语语言文学专业翻译试题及答案

上海外国语大学2005年攻读硕士研究生入学考试英语语言文学专业翻译试卷(180分钟,总分150分,共3页)1. Translate the following into English(75 分) 孔子曰:“三人行,则必有我师。

”老师和学生并没有什么不可逾越的界限。

在这门知识上老师高于学生,在另一门知识上,学生也可能高于老师;今天老师高于学生,明天学生可能高过老师。

这也是辩证法,对立面的统一。

礼记的《学记》有一段著名的话,意思也和这相近:“学然后知不足,教然后知困。

知不足,然后能自反也。

知困,然后能自强也。

故曰:教学相长也。

” 这就是在今天说来,也还是颠扑不破的。

“教育者必先受教育”,这个道理说来很浅显,但是人们在实际生活中却很不容易承认。

特别是当老师当久了的人,就很不容易接受这个辩证法。

老师们不容易接受这个道理,倒也事出有因。

“弟子不必不如师,师不必贤于弟子”,虽是封建思想的代表者韩愈所提出来的一个观点,但是在封建时代却并不通入。

正好相反,“天地君亲师”,在封建时代,老师是同“天地君亲”在一起,居高临下。

老师毕竟是老师,师道尊严,神圣不可侵犯。

这个观点相沿成习。

新的师生关系,是“不耻相师”,彼此平等,不分尊卑,真正是“道之所存,师之所存”,谁有学问谁就是老师。

圣人无常师,师亦无常道,就是当老师的并不经常等于真理。

一个当老师的人,既要勇于坚持自己的真理,又要勇于承认自己的非真理,同学生们一道来为科学真理奋斗。

2. Translate the following into Chinese(75 分) Outside my window the night is struggling to wake; in the moonlight, the blinded garden dreams so vividly of its lost colours. The white-washed wall is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full. The moon is a stone; but it is a highly numinous stone. Or, to be more precise, it is a stone about which and because of which men and women have numinous feelings. Thus, there is a soft moonlight that can give us the peace that passes understanding. There is a moonlight that inspires a kind of awe. There is a cold and austere moonlight that tells the soul of its loneliness and desperate isolation, its insignificance or its uncleanness. There is an amorous第 1 页共 3 页。

上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题

上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题

上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题上海外国语大学《641翻译实践》英汉互译考研真题一、上海外国语大学高级翻译学院841翻译实践(英汉互译)考研真题及详解I. Translate the following into Chinese(75分)The Short MarchBy BILL POWELL/SHANGHAI Thursday, Feb. 14, 2008 Locals sell produce outside the gates of one of Songjiang’s new developmentsOn a cold, gray afternoon a year ago, I stood on the deck of our newly purchased, half-constructed house about an hour outside Shanghai, wondering what, exactly, I had gotten myself into. My wife, a Shanghai native, and I had moved back to China from New York City in the spring of 2004, and 21/2 years later we had decided to take the plunge. We bought a three-story, five-bedroom townhouse way out in the suburbs, in a town called New Songjiang, a place that was then—and remains now —very much a work in progress.We had come here that day to see how construction was progressing. Our house, along with about 140 others, was going up in a development called Emerald Riverside. It sits on the banks of a tributary that dumps into the Huangpu, the river that cuts Shanghai in two about 28 miles (45km) to the northeast. On that dreary afternoon I gazed out to the other side of the river, looking at the only significant patch of land for miles that was not yet being developed—about five acres (20,000 sq. m) of green that local farmers still used to grow watermelons, which they then sold to the migrant workersbuilding this town. On the far bank there was a ramshackle one-room brick house, where three of the farmers lived—a husband, wife and teenage son. They had no running water—they bathed and washed their clothes in the river—and the place was lit by a single bulb. In every direction just beyond the watermelon patch, office parks and houses and apartment complexes were going up, forming a cordon around the farmland that was drawing inexorably tighter. As it is in vast swathes of China, the new was replacing the old, and it was not doing so slowly. It was doing so in the blink of an eye.I stood on the deck that day and watched one of the farmers who worked the watermelon patch, an older woman who would later introduce herself to us as Liu Yi, as she stared back at me across the river.I remember thinking to myself, My god, what must be going through her mind? Not only is the land she works on about to disappear, but there’s this foreigner standing over there staring at her. Where did he come from and, more to the point, what in the world is he doing out here? The short answer is that my wife and I have become a tiny part of China’s latest revolution. We got an off-the-shelf mortgage from the StandardChartered Bank branch in town, plunked down 25% of the purchase price, and bought ourselves a piece of the Great Chinese Dream.Best Years of Their LivesFor the past decade and a half, the frantic pace of urbanization has been the transformative engine driving this country’s economy, as some 300-400 million people from dirt-poor farming regions made their way to relative prosperity in cities. Within the contours of that great migration, however, thereis another one now about to take place—less visible, but arguably no less powerful. As China’s major cities—there are now 49 with populations of one million or more, compared with nine in the U.S. in 2000—become more crowded and more expensive, a phenomenon similar to the one that reshaped the U.S. in the aftermath of World War II has begun to take hold. That is the inevitable desire among a rapidly expanding middle class for a little bit more room to live, at a reasonable price; maybe a little patch of grass for children to play on, or a whiff of cleaner air as the country’s cities become ever more polluted.This is China’s Short March. A wave of those who are newly affluent and firm in the belief that their best days, economically speaking, are ahead of them, is headed for the suburbs. In Shanghai alone, urban planners believe some 5 million people will move to what are called “satellite cities”in the next 10 years. To varying degrees, the same thing ishappening all across China. This process—China’s own suburban flight —is at the core of the next phase of this country’s development, and will be for years to come.The consequences of this suburbanization are enormous. Think of how the U.S. was transformed, economically and socially, in the years after World War II, when GIs returned home and formed families that then fanned out to the suburbs. The comparison is not exact, of course, but it’s compelling enough. The effects of China’s suburbanization are just beginning to ripple across Chinese society and the global economy. It’s easy to understand the persistent strength in commodity prices—steel, copper, lumber, oil—when you realize that in Emerald Riverside construction crews used more than three tons of steel in the houses and nearly a quarter of a ton of copper wiring.There are 35 housing developments either just finished or still under construction in New Songjiang alone, a town in which 500,000 people will eventually live. And as Lu Hongjiang, a vice president of the New Songjiang Development & Construction company puts it, “we’re only at the very beginning of this in China.”【参考译文】短行军比尔·鲍威尔,星期四,2008年2月14日当地人在新淞江发展区门外卖农产品一年前的一个寒冷阴暗的下午,我站在我们距离上海市区一小时车程的尚在建设中的新房的地板上,陷入了沉思,我的妻子是上海本地人,我在2004年春天离开纽约来到中国,两年半以后我们做了这个决定。

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上海外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案上海外国语大学(回忆+原题)翻译硕士英语题型,无选项,无首字母完型,关于人类学的;超长阅读一篇,十分长非常长,4个回答问题吧;写作一篇,关于一句人生哲言的。

一篇cloze一篇阅读还有一篇作文cloze的那篇文章题目是Into Africa--human ancestors from Asia文章不长有15个空,但没有任何选项供选择,文章大概讲的是:人们一直认为非洲是人类祖先的发源地,但是近期考古学家发现的化石研究发现人类的组先很可能是从亚洲而来。

具体的填空不是很难,如果看懂文章的话。

无首字母,15空,2分一个,讲得大概是人类祖先并非起源于非洲,而是可能从亚洲迁移而来的.EvolutionInto Africa–the human ancestors from AsiaThe human family tree may not have taken root in Africa after all, claimscientists,after finding that its ancestors may have travelled fromAsia.By Richard Alleyne,Science Correspondent7:00PM BST27Oct2010While it is widelyaccepted that man evolved in Africa,in fact its immediate predecessors mayhave1colonised thecontinent after developing elsewhere,the study says.The claims are madeafter a team2unearthedthe fossils of anthropoids–the primate group that includes humans,apes andmonkeys–in Libya's Dur At-Talah.Paleontologistsfound that3amongstthe39million year old fossils there were three distinct families ofanthropoid primates,all of whom lived in the4area at approximately the same time.Few or anyanthropoids are known to have existed in Africa during this 5period,known as theEocene epoch.This could eithersuggest a huge gap in Africa's fossil record–6unlikely, say the scientists,given the amount ofarchaeological work undertaken in the area–7or that the species"colonised"Africafrom another continent at this time.As the evolutioninto three species would have8taken extreme lengths of time,combined with the lack of fossilrecords in Africa,the team concludes that Asia was the most likely9origin.Writing in thejournal Nature,the experts said they believed migration from Asia to be themost10plausibletheory.Christopher Beard,of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, said:"11If our ideas are correct,this early colonisation of Africa by anthropoids was a truly12pivotal event—one ofthe key points in our evolutionary history."At the time,Africa was an island continent;when these13anthropoids appeared,there was nothing on thatisland that could compete with them. "It led to aperiod of flourishing evolutionary divergence amongstanthropoids,and one ofthose lineages14resultedin humans."If our earlyanthropoid ancestors had not succeeded in migrating from Asia to Africa,wesimply15wouldn'texist."He added:"This extraordinary new fossil site in Libya shows us that in the middleEocene,39million years ago,there was a surprising diversity of anthropoidsliving in Africa,whereas few if any anthropoids are known from Africa beforethis time."This suddenappearance of such diversity suggests that these anthropoids probably colonisedAfrica from somewhere else."Withoutearlier fossil evidence in Africa,we're currently looking to Asia as the placewhere these animals first evolved."阅读。

选自nytimes,就几千字一篇,讲之前在Wall Street工作的Mr.Murray患了brain cancer后,写了本书,有五个decisions要readers遵循,然后就是回答问题:There are no one-handed push-ups orheadstands on the yoga mat for Gordon Murray anymore.No more playing bridge,either—he jokingly accuses his brainsurgeon of robbing him of the gray matter that contained all the biddingstrategy.But when Mr.Murray,a former bond salesman for GoldmanSachs who rose to the managing director level at bothLehmanBrothers and Credit Suisse First Boston,decided to cease alltreatment five months ago for his glioblastoma,a type of brain cancer, hisfirst impulse was not to mourn what he couldn’t do anymore or to buy an islandor to move to Paris.Instead,he hunkered down in his tiny home office here andchanneled whatever remaining energy he could muster into a slim paperback.It’scalled“The Investment Answer,”and he wrote it with his friend andfinancialadviser Daniel Goldie to explain investing in a handful of simplesteps.Why a book?And why this subject?Nine years ago,after retiringfrom25years ofpushing Bonds on pension andmutual fund managerstrying to beat the market averages over long periods of time,Mr.Murray had anepiphany about the futility of his former customers’pursuits.He eventually went to work as a consultant for Dimensional FundAdvisors,a mutual fund company thatrailsagainst active money management.So whenhis death sentence arrived,Mr.Murray knew he had to work quickly and resolvedto get the word out to as many everyday investors as he could.“This is one of the true benefits of having a brain tumor,”Mr.Murray said,laughing.“Everyone wants to hear what you have to say.”He and Mr.Goldie have managed to beat the clock,finishing andprinting the book themselves while Mr.Murray is still alive.It is plentyuseful for anyone who isn’t already investing in a collection of index orsimilar funds and dutifully rebalancing every so often.But the mere fact that Mr.Murray felt compelled to write it isitself a remarkable story of an almost willful ignorance of the futility ofactive money management—and how he finally stumbled upon a better way ofinvesting.Mr.Murray now stands as one the highest-ranking Wall Streetveterans to take back much of what he and his colleagues worked for duringtheir careers.Mr.Murray grew up in Baltimore,about the farthest thing from acrusader that you could imagine.“I was the kid you didn’t want your daughterto date,”he said.“I stole baseball cards and cheated on Spanish tests andmade fun of the fat kid in the corner with glasses.”He got a lot of second chances thanks to an affluent backgroundand basketball prowess. He eventually landed at Goldman Sachs,long before manypeople looked askance at anyone who worked there.“Our word was our bond,and good ethics was good business,”hesaid of his Wall Street career.“That got replaced by liar loansand‘I hope I’m gone by the time this thing blowsup.’”After rising to managing director at two other banks,Mr.Murray retired in2001. At the time,his personal portfolio was the standard Wall Streetbig-shot barbell, with a pile of Municipalbonds at one end to provide safe tax-free income andprivateequity and hedge fund Investments at the other.When some of those bonds came due,he sought out Mr.Goldie,a former professional tennis player and1989Wimble don quarterfinalist,for advice on what to buy next. Right away,Mr.Goldie began teaching him about Dimensional’s funds.The fact that Mr.Murray knew little up until that point aboutbasic assetallocationamong stocks and bonds and otherinvestments or the failings of active portfolio management is shocking,untilyou consider the self-regard that his master-of-the-universe colleagues taughthim.“It’s American to think that if you’re smart or work hard,then you canbeat the markets,”he said.But it didn’t take long for Mr.Murray to become a true believerin this different way of investing.“I learned more through Dan and Dimensionalin a year than I did in25years on Wall Street,”he said.Soon Dimensional hired him as a consultant,helping financialadvisers who use its funds explain the company’s anti-Wall Street investmentphilosophy to its clients.“The most inspirational people who talk aboutalcoholism are people who have gone through A.A.,”said David Booth,Dimensional’s founder and chairman.“It’s the people who have had theexperience and now see the light who are our biggest advocates.”Playing that role was enough for Mr.Murray until he received hisdiagnosis in2008. But not long after,in the wake of the financial collapse,he testified before aopen briefing at the House of Representatives,wondering aloud how it was possible that prosecutors had not yet woncriminal convictions against anyone in charge at his old firms and theircompetitors.In June of this year,a brain scan showed a new tumor,and Mr.Murray decided to stopall aggressive medical treatment.For several years,hehad thought about somehow codifying his newfound investment principles,and Mr.Goldie had a hunch that writing the book would be a life-affirming task for Mr.Murray.“I had balance in my life,and there was no bucket list,”Mr.Murray said.“The first thing you do is think about your wife and kids,butRandi would have killed me having me around24/7.I had to do something.”Thecouple have two grown children. And so he has tried to use his condition as a way to get people topay attention. The book asks readers to make just five decisions.First,will you go it alone?The twoauthors suggest hiring an adviser who earns fees only from you and not frommutual funds or insurance companies,which is how Mr.Goldie now runs his business.Second,divide your money among stocks and bonds,big and small,and value and growth.The pair notes that a less volatile portfolio may earn more over time than onewith higher volatility and identical average returns.“If you don’t have bigdrops,the portfolio can compound at a greater rate,”Mr.Goldie said. Then,further subdivide between foreign and domestic.Keep in mind that putting anything less than about half of your stock money inforeign securities is a bet in and of itself,given that American stocks’shareof the overall global equities market keeps falling.Fourth,decide whether you will be investing in active orpassively managed mutual funds.No one can predict the future with anyregularity,the pair note,so why would you think that active managers can beattheir respective indexes over time? Finally,rebalance,by selling your winners and buyingmore of the losers.Most people can’t bring themselves to do this,even thoughit improves returns over the long run.This is not new,nor is it rocket science.But Mr.Murrayspent25years on Wall Street without having any idea how to invest like agrown-up.So it’s no surprise that most of America still doesn’t either.Mr.Murray is home for good now,wearing fuzzy slippersto combat nerve damage in his feet and receiving the regular ministrations ofhospice nurses.He generally starts his mornings with his iPad,since he can no longer hold up a newspaper.After a quick scan,he fires off ane-mail to Mr.Goldie,pointing to the latest articles about people takingadvantage of unwitting investors.The continuing parade of stories does not seem to depresshim,though.Instead,it inspires him further,bringing life to his days.“Tohave a purpose and a mission for me has been really special,”he said.“It probablyhas added days to my life.”In a cruel twist,one of Mr.Murray’s closefriends,CharlesDavis,chief executiveof the private equity firm Stone Point Capital,lost his son Tucker to cancerearlier this year.In his last several months,Tucker was often on the phonewith Mr.Murray.“Gordon has a peace about him,halfway between WallStreet establishment and a hippie,”Mr.Davis said.“It was clear that he andmy son could talk in a way that very few people can,since they were in apretty exclusive club that nobody really wants to join.”Mr.Murray managed to outlive Tucker,but he does notexpect to see his61st birthday in March.Still,he didn’t bother memorializinghimself with a photograph on his book cover or even mention his illness inside.“I’m sick of me,”he said.But he plays along with the dying banker angle,willingto do just about anything to make sure that his message is not forgotten,evenif he fades from memory himself.“Thisbook has increased the quality of his life,”Mr.Davis said.“And it’s givenhim the knowledge and understanding that if,in fact,the end is near,that theend is not the end.”一篇阅读是介绍华尔街的一个成功投资家的,他在诊断出绝症后决定把自己的投资技巧写成书,供大家参考。

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