1.句子的种类 学生版

第一讲句子的种类

（一）句子的分类导图

【例句】判断下列句子所属：

Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

How clever the boy is!

He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous.

The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型及用法简介：

英语基本句型有五个：S＋V，S＋V＋Cs，S＋V＋O，S＋V＋Oi＋Od，S＋V＋Od＋Co，其共有特征是主谓结构(S＋V)。

I、(S＋V)主谓结构(主语＋不及物动词)

1．此句型中，“V”是不及物动词，后面无宾语，如：My right arm hurts.。但通常有后续成分或称状语

(A)，即S＋V＋A，如：

She lived happily.

The sun rises every morning.

2．在有些句子中，主语或谓语或某一部分可以省略，如：

Hope to see you again soon.(省略主语)

—Who called?

—Jane (did)．(省略谓语)

II、(S＋V＋Cs)主系表结构(主语＋系动词＋主语补足语)

1．此句型中的“V”是连系动词，“Cs”是主语补足语，或称表语。充当主语补足语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词-ing形式或-ed形式、不定式及名词性从句等，如：My first name

is Bill.；Life is colorful.；Seeing is believing.；Our belief is that things will improve.。

2．常见的连系动词有下列几类：

(1)表示“判断”：be；

(2)表示“变得”、“成为”：become，come，go，fall，get，grow，prove，turn等；

(3)表示“保持着某一状态”：hold，keep，lie，remain，rest，sit，stay等；

(4)表示“看起来”、“好像”：appear，look，seem等；

(5)表示“实感”：feel，sound，taste，smell等。

She is a teacher and I am a doctor.

Spring comes and all trees turn green.

He stayed awake all night.

You don’t look happy. What’s t he matter?

Their plan sounds wonderful.

III、(S＋V＋O)主谓宾结构(主语＋及物动词＋宾语)

1．“V”是及物动词，后面需跟一个宾语，可充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、v.-ing结构及名词性从句等，如：

I understand the program.

She asked to see the manager.

2．这种结构有时必须跟状语，意义才完整(即S＋V＋O＋A)，如：

We accepted their advice in buying a new car.

She completed the assignment just as the bell was ringing.

IV、(S＋V＋Oi＋Od)双宾语结构(主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)

1．此句型中的“V”称为双宾及物动词，其后需跟间接宾语“Oi”(通常指人)和直接宾语“Od”(通常指物或事)。

2．此类动词大都具有给予的意义，常见的有：allow，award，bring，buy，choose，fetch，find，get，give，hand，leave，lend，offer，owe，pass，pay，promise，recommend，refuse，render，return，sell，send，show，take，tell等，如：

I gave him the book.

I’ll return you the dictionary soon.

3．有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后，但要加相应的介词，如to，for，of等，试比较：Betty gave her daughter an apple.

→Betty gave an apple to her daughter.

Father bought him a bike.

→Father bought a bike for him.

He asked me a question.

→He asked a question of me.

V、(S＋V＋Od＋Co)复合宾语结构(主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语)

该句型中，谓语动词虽有宾语，但句子意义仍不完整，需加补语“Co”补足其意义。充当宾语补语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语及分词等，如：

We found the house empty.

Our neighbors built their wall high.

常用的这类动词有：appoint，believe，call，catch，choose，consider，elect，fancy，feel，find，hear，imagine，judge，keep，leave，make，name，need，prefer，prove，see，think，vote等。

【注】其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

（三）并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g.

The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g.

Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g.

He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g.

August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

（四）高考考点探讨

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有

时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考

查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。

3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，

以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句

与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。

【巩固训练二】

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

（）1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

（）2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

（）3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

（）4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.