207考研英语as引导从句
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一、as作从属连词,引导不同种类的状语从句
1、as引导时间状语从句
此时,as译作"当……时候",可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。例如:
He smiled as he said goodbye to me.
他向我道别时微笑了一下。
As she was walking in the park, she heard a girl singing.
她在公园里散步时,听到一位女孩在唱歌。
I sang an English song as I went along the river.
我边沿河边走边唱英文歌。
2、as引导原因状语从句
表示已知的原因,译作"既然;由于;因为……",通常放在句首。
例如:
As it is too late for you to go home, you'd better stay over night at this place.
由于天太晚,你不能回家了,你最好留在这儿过夜。
As it is going to rain, the sports meet will be put off until next week.
由于天要下雨,运动会将推迟到下星期开。
3、as引导比较状语从句
as引导比较状语从句有两种结构,分别是"as …as"和"not as / so …as"结构。第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词。译作"跟……一样"、"跟……不一样"。这种从句有三种不同的结构形式和意义。
(1)表示两个不同的人(或物)在相同(或不同)方面的比较。例如:
He is as careful as his elder brother.
他和他哥哥一样细心。
She is not so clever as her sister.
她不如她姐姐聪明。
(2)表示同一个人(或物)在不同方面的比较。例如:
She is as kind as (she is )honest.
她既诚实又和蔼。
4、as引导方式状语从句时,
此时,as译作"按照;如同"。例如:
Please do as I tell you.
请照我告诉你的那样去做。
We should study foreign languages as Karl Marx did.
我们应当像卡尔?马克思那样学外语。
5、as引导让步状语从句
此时,as译作"尽管"。当as引导让步状语从句时,不把as放在从句的开头,而是将充当从句主要成分的形容词、副词、分词、动词原形或不加冠词的单数可数名词置于前面。
(1)将表语放在句首,再将as放在表语和主语之间。例如:
Child as he is, he knows quite a lot of things.
虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多事情。
(2)将状语放在句首,再将as放在状语(副词)和主语之间。例如:
Much as she likes, she will not take it.
尽管非常喜欢它,但她也不会拿走的。
(3)将主动词放在句首,再将as放在主动词和主语之间。例如:
Try as he did, he didn't succeed.
尽管他努力了,但还是没有成功。
二、as做关系代词时,引导定语从句
as引导英语从句时,在从句中充当主语、宾语、介词宾语或表语,既可以指人,也可以指物。
1、as引导定语从句时,有如下结构:"the same …as","such …as", "as…as""so many (much, few, little)…as",译作"像……一样的人(或物)"。例如:
This is such an easy novel as you can read.
这本小说很容易,你能读得懂。
I have the same dictionary as you (have).
我的词典和你的词典一样。
He is as clever a boy as you want to see.
他就是你想见的那个聪明的男孩。
They have never read so many books as I read last year.
他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
2、as单独引导定语从句时,修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分,可以放在句首、句中或句末。当as在从句中做主语时,从句的谓语通常是被动语态或系表结构;as在从句中作宾语时,从句的谓语常用"情态动词+动词原形"构成。常见的结构如下:
as is known to all 众所周知
as has been said above 如上所述
as was expected 正如预料的那样
as has been pointed out 正如指出的那样
as we all can see (know, hear)正如大家看到的(知道的、听到的)那样。例如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知,月球每个月绕地球转一周。