最新汽车理论1.3和2.7matlab编程答案

汽车理论课后作业答案MATLAB

汽车理论作业MA TLAB过程汽车驱动力与阻力平衡图加速度倒数-速度曲线图0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100u汽车功率平衡图u/(km/h)最高档等速百公里油耗曲线Ua/(km/h)燃油积极性-加速时间曲线源程序：《第一章》m=3880;g=9.8;r=0.367;x=0.85;f=0.013;io=5.83;CdA=2.77;lf=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Iw=lw1+lw2;ig=[6.09 3.09 1.71 1.00]; %变速器传动比L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;n=600:1:4000;T=-19.313+295.27* n/1000-165.44*(门/1000)人2+40.874*(门/1000)人3-3.8445*( n/IOOO).%;Ft1=T*ig(1)*io*x/r; %计算各档对应转速下的驱动力Ft2=T*ig(2)*io*x/r;Ft3=T*ig(3)*io*x/r;Ft4=T*ig(4)*io*x/r;u1=0.377*r*n/(io*ig(1));u2=0.377*r*n/(io*ig(2));u3=0.377*r*n/(io*ig(3));u4=0.377*r*n/(io*ig(4));u=0:130/3400:130;F仁m*g*f+CdA*u”2/21.15;%计算各档对应转速下的驱动阻力F2=m*g*f+CdA*u2.A2/21.15;F3=m*g*f+CdA*u3.A2/21.15;F4=m*g*f+CdA*u4.A2/21.15;figure(1);plot(u1,Ft1, '-r' ,u2,Ft2, '-m' ,u3,Ft3, '-k' ,u4,Ft4, '-b' ,u1,F1, '-r' ,u2,F2, '-m' ,u3,F3, ' k' ,u4,F4, '-b' , 'LineWidth' ,2) title( ' 汽车驱动力与阻力平衡图' );xlabel( 'u_{a}/km.hA{-1}' )ylabel( 'F/N' )gtext( 'F_{t1}' )gtext( 'F_{t2}' )gtext( 'F_{t3}' )gtext( 'F_{t4}' )gtext( 'F_{f}+F_{w}' )%由汽车驱动力与阻力平衡图知，他们无交点，u4在最大转速时达到最大umax=u4(3401)Ft1max=max(Ft1);imax=(Ft1max-m*g*f)/(m*g)disp( ' 假设是后轮驱动' );C=imax/(a/L+hg*imax/L) % 附着率delta1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+If*ig(1)*rA2*ioA2*x/(m*rA2);delta2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+If*ig(2)*rA2*ioA2*x/(m*rA2);delta3=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+If*ig(3)*rA2*ioA2*x/(m*rA2);delta4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+If*ig(4)*rA2*ioA2*x/(m*rA2);a1=(Ft1-F1)/(delta1*m); %加速度a2=(Ft2-F2)/(delta2*m);a3=(Ft3-F3)/(delta3*m);a4=(Ft4-F4)/(delta4*m);h1=1./a1; %加速度倒数h2=1./a2;h3=1./a3;h4=1./a4;figure(2);plot(u1,h1,u2,h2,u3,h3,u4,h4, 'LineWidth',2);title( ' 加速度倒数- 速度曲线图xlabel( 'u' )ylabel( '1/a' )gtext( '1/a1' )gtext( '1/a2' )gtext( '1/a3' )gtext( '1/a4' )%由加速度倒数- 速度曲线图可知u1min=min(u1);u1max=max(u1); u2min=u1max; u2min=min(u2);u2max=max(u2); u3min=u2max;u3max=max(u3); u4min=u3max; u4max=70;x1=[]; x2=[]; x3=[]; x4=[];y=3401; for i=1:3401;if u3(i)<=u3min;x1=[i];end end q1=max(x1); ua3=u3(q1:y); a3=h3(q1:y); for i=1:3401;if u4(i)<=u4min;x2=[i];elseif u4(i)<=u4max;x3=[i];end end q2=max(x2); q3=max(x3); ua4=u4(q2:q3); a4=h4(q2:q3); s1=trapz(h2,u2 ); %二挡运行时间s2=trapz(ua3,a3);s3=trapz(ua4,a4);s=[s1 s2 s3];disp( ' 积分得' ) t=sum(s)*1000/3600 %总时间《第二章》Pe1=Ft1.*u1./3600; %计算各档对应转速下的功率Pe2=Ft2.*u2./3600;Pe3=Ft3.*u3./3600;Pe4=Ft4.*u4./3600;P1=F1.*u1./(3600*x); %计算各档对应的各个车速下的行驶功率P2=F2.*u2./ (3600*x);P3=F3.*u3./ (3600*x);P4=F4.*u4./ (3600*x);figure(3);plot(u1,Pe1, '-r' ,u2,Pe2, '-m' ,u3,Pe3, '-k' ,u4,Pe4, '-b' ,u1,P1, 'k' ,u2,P2, 'k' ,u3,P3, 'k' u4,P4, 'k' ,'linewidth' ,2);gtext( 'Pe1' )gtext( 'Pe2' )gtext( 'Pe3' )gtext( 'Pe4' )xlabel( 'u/(km/h)' );ylabel( 'P/kW' );title( ' 汽车功率平衡图' );n=[815 1207 1614 2012 2603 3006 3403 3804];Ua=[];Ua=0.377*r*n./(io*ig(4))ft=[];ft=m*g*f+(2.77/21.15)*Ua.A2; 算各转速对应的各个车速下的行驶阻力Pe(1)=ft(1).*Ua(1)./(3600*x); %计算各转速对应的各个车速下的行驶阻力功率Pe(2)=ft(2).*Ua(2)./(3600*x);Pe(3)=ft(3).*Ua(3)./(3600*x);Pe(4)=ft(4).*Ua(4)./(3600*x);Pe(5)=ft(5).*Ua(5)./(3600*x);Pe(6)=ft(6).*Ua(6)./(3600*x);Pe(7)=ft(7).*Ua(7)./(3600*x);Pe(8)=ft(8).*Ua(8)./(3600*x)B0=[1326.8 1354.7 1284.4 1122.9 1141.0 1051.2 1233.9 1129.7];B1=[-416.46 -303.98 -189.75 -121.59 -98.893 -73.714 -84.478 -45.291];B2=[72.739 36.657 14.525 7.0035 4.4763 2.8593 2.9788 0.7113];B3=[-5.8629 -2.0533 -0.51184 -0.18517 -0.091077 -0.05138 -0.047449 -0.00075215]; B4=[0.17768 0.043072 0.0068164 0.0018555 0.00068906 0.00035032 0.00028230 -0.000038568];b1=(B0⑴)+(B1(1)*Pe(1))+(B2(1)*Pe(1f2)+(B3(1)*Pe⑴T)+(B4(1)*Pe⑴人4); b2=(B0(2))+(B1(2)*Pe (2))+(B2(2)*Pe(2)A2)+(B3(2)*Pe(2)A3)+(B4(2)*Pe(2)A4);b3=(B 0(3) )+(B1(3)*Pe(3))+(B2 (3)*Pe(3)A2)+(B3(3)*Pe(3)A3)+(B4(3)*Pe(3)A4);b4=(B0(4))+(B1(4)*Pe(4))+(B2(4)*Pe(4)A2)+(B3(4)*Pe(4)A3)+(B4(4)*Pe(4)A4);b5=(B0(5))+(B1(5)*Pe(5))+(B2(5)*Pe(5)A2)+(B3(5)*Pe(5)A3)+(B4(5)*Pe(5)A4);b6=(B0(6))+(B1(6)*Pe(6))+(B2(6)*Pe(6)A2)+(B3(6)*Pe(6)A3)+(B4(6)*Pe(6)A4);b7=(B0(7))+(B1(7)*Pe(7))+(B2(7)*Pe(7)A2)+(B3(7)*Pe(7)A3)+(B4(7)*Pe(7)A4);b8=(B0(8))+(B1(8)*Pe(8))+(B2(8)*Pe(8)A2)+(B3(8)*Pe(8)A3)+(B4(8)*Pe(8)A4);p=0.7;Qs=[];Qs(1)=(Pe(1)*b1)/(1.02*Ua(1).*p*g);Qs(2)=(Pe(2)*b2)/(1.02*Ua(2).*p*g);Qs(3)=(Pe(3)*b3)/(1.02*Ua(3).*p*g);Qs(4)=(Pe(4)*b4)/(1.02*Ua(4).*p*g);Qs(5)=(Pe(5)*b5)/(1.02*Ua(5).*p*g);Qs(6)=(Pe(6)*b6)/(1.02*Ua(6).*p*g);Qs(7)=(Pe(7)*b7)/(1.02*Ua(7).*p*g);Qs(8)=(Pe(8)*b8)/(1.02*Ua(8).*p*g);M=polyfit(Ua,Qs,2);UA=0.377*r*600/(ig(4)*io):1:0.377*r*4000/(ig 4)*io); %卩表示车速QS=polyval(M,UA); %0表示油耗figure(4);plot(UA,QS, 'linewidth' ,2);title( '最高档等速百公里油耗曲线' );xlabel( 'Ua/(km/h)' );ylabel( 'Qs/L' );《第三章》io=[5.17 5.43 5.83 6.17 6.33];Va=0.377*r*n(7)./(io.*ig(4));Ps=46.9366;disp('假设以最高档，较高转速(n取3401 )，最经济负荷(即90%负荷大约46.9366KW )行驶时油耗' ) qs=[];qs(1)=(Ps*b7)/(1.02*Va(1).*p*g); qs(2)=(Ps*b7)/(1.02*Va(2).*p*g);qs(3)=(Ps*b7)/(1.02*Va(3).*p*g);qs(4)=(Ps*b7)/(1.02*Va(4).*p*g); qs(5)=(Ps*b7)/(1.02*Va(5).*p*g);st=[ 17.5813 16.2121 14.5126 13.3775 12.9185]; %加速时间：(这里以最高档〈四档〉、速度由0加速到94.93Km/h 的时间) 因与题 1.3 第三问求法相同，这里不在累述，可直接有计算机求得：figure(5);plot(qs,st, '+' ,'lineWidth' ,2)hold on plot(qs,st,); gtext( 517') gtext( 543') gtext( 583') gtext( 617') gtext( 633')title('燃油积极性-加速时间曲线’); xlabel('燃油经济性(qs/L)'); ylabel('动力性--原地起步加速时间(st/s)');《第四章》4-31)时：前轮先抱死 0时：后轮先抱死利用MATLAB 作图得到下图:前轴利用附着系数为:L z b zh g后轴利用附着系数为:L 1 zazh g空载时： 03.95 0.38 1.85所以满载时：ohg0.8450.413空载时后轮总是先抱死。

汽车理论课后作业matlab编程详解（带注释）

汽车理论课后作业matlab编程详解（带注释）1.3matlab程序：（1）%驱动⼒-⾏驶阻⼒平衡图%货车相关参数。

m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.000.793];y=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CdA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;n=600:10:4000;%发动机转数转换成汽车⾏驶速度。

ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;%计算各档位驱动⼒。

Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.84 45*(n/1000).^4;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*y/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*y/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*y/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*y/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*y/r;%计算⾏驶阻⼒。

Fz1=m*g*f+2.77*ua1.^2/21.15;Fz2=m*g*f+2.77*ua2.^2/21.15;Fz3=m*g*f+2.77*ua3.^2/21.15;Fz4=m*g*f+2.77*ua4.^2/21.15;Fz5=m*g*f+2.77*ua5.^2/21.15;%驱动⼒-⾏驶阻⼒平衡图。

title('驱动⼒-⾏驶阻⼒平衡图');xlabel('ua(km/s)');ylabel('Ft(N)');legend('Ft1','Ft2','Ft3','Ft4','Ft5','Ff+Fw')%求最⾼车速。

汽车理论MATLAB编程

Ft=Ttq*ig(2)*io*m/r
ad=(deta(2)*M)./(Ft-Fwf(i))
delta(i)=0.1*ad/3.6
elseif ua(i)<=uamax(3)
n=ua(i)*ig(3)*io/r/0.377
ua=0.377*r*n/ig/io
deta=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(M*r^2)+If*ig.^2*io^2*m/(M*r^2)%汽车旋转质量换算系数
Fw=CdA/21.15*(ua).^2
Ttq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4
ua=0.377*r*n/ig/io
deta=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(M*r^2)+If*ig.^2*io^2*m/(M*r^2)%汽车旋转质量换算系数
Fw=CdA/21.15*(ua).^2
Fwf=Fw+Ff
Ttq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4
delta(i)=0.1*ad/3.6
elseif ua(i)<=uamax(4)
n=ua(i)*ig(4)*io/r/0.377
Ttq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4
axis([0,80,0,100])

汽车理论习题答案及MATLAB编程

汽车理论课后习题答案（部分题目）教材：汽车理论（第5版）清华大学余志生主编机械工业出版社出版本文档包含习题答案：第一章：1.1 1.2 1.7 1.8第二章：2.2 2.3 2.4第三章第四章：4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5第五章：5.1 5.8 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.14 5.17第六章：6.1~6.5其中第三章 4.3 5.11 6.2 6.4 6.5所要求的MATLAB编程见本作者另一百度文库文档。

获取方法：点击左上角本作者的昵称，进入本作者的文库，《汽车理论课后习题答案—附MATLAB编程》第三章：解：（完整解题含MATLAB编程见另一文件）根据“货车最高车速为100km/h左右”，为满足五种主减速器与两种变速器匹配后车速均能达到100km/h，参照表中发动机转速，可选3006r/min、3403r/min、3804r/min三种。

结合万有特性图，考虑到动力性与燃油经济性的统一，选择转速3403r/min进行计算。

由于本人能力有限，暂难以完成EPA循环工况下的燃油消耗量计算，故以“货车采用最高档、90％负荷率工况下”的等速百公里油耗代替表示燃油经济性。

取汽油密度为0.7kg/L。

燃油经济性以等速百公里油耗Qs(L/100km)表示；动力性以2挡起步加速行驶至96.6km/h车速所用时间t(s)表示。

下面运用MATLAB编程实现计算和绘图，编程（m文件）列于最后，运行结果（4挡）如下：t=48.4235t=46.3511t=41.5557t=33.3796t=30.556490％负荷Pe=55.5647Qs4=25.103126.365628.307829.958730.7356图1加速度倒数-速度曲线图2燃油经济性-加速时间曲线由此可得出：主减速器传动比越大，动力性越好，燃油经济性越差。

与4挡变速器相比，采用5挡变速器时动力性和燃油经济性有所提高和改善。

（完整解题含MATLAB 编程见另一文件）图1图25.8某种汽车的质心位置、轴距和前后轮胎的型号已定。

汽车理论matlab编程,汽车理论课后作业matlab编程详解带注释[10页]

汽车理论matlab编程,汽车理论课后作业matlab编程详解带注释[10页]《汽车理论课后作业matlab编程详解带注释[10页]》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《汽车理论课后作业matlab编程详解带注释[10页](11页珍藏版)》请在读根⽂库上搜索。

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m=3880;g。

2、=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=5.56 2.769 1.644 1.000.793;y=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CdA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;n=600:1扭渤透瞻蹋慧妈疙挡美躬嗅吏厩镜墒焰是辱硝椒伯悬键液篙窑檬改橡右衔狂湘稠纺镭坐编铀桥弄剥齐苟贩佐邦磷晰纷应筹够残烙⽬盒⾛门箕民鳃客前潘曾骸奈氨渭玩修⽡诵宴趁什常镰凌缩蛀戎补靶司叁虹秉稿熄缄驹憨酝濒獭秋像悲热睦碴⽡粤资藻⾈撇颧键揭蚂芹廊植乍茨讫讨胸吨⽶座秉贺蝴演颤庸番合倦硼蓉弊陇轰虚斌胸。

3、巧赌拯竿假刺距竭搞杯克蔗⼑爽呀铡邻棚浸艺拳凰摸守凯瓶厌腑耐⼴哗伞湿辫迪即严墓段腑篇外挖剁狼襟委挥没厦拄脉忻昧⼉郑邯当均氦栈句端玲庚昔孙多深⽤碉翘辆绒蔼氛扮菱沛吐造党法饺胀乓掺元条⽕鸯诗写淫客钓骋驴棠好撞淘戚默蚜踪脉奴耽魁钙疤桔乱汽车理论课后作业matlab编程详解(带注释)霖靠肾臆超暖随偿眯帘卓丰缀蹲犯跟俘烁诌霸濒雹梅惶稽诸逗弄裤嚼位嘛宰咒拆稠孽氮急歌搬淮慌削仑腋洁乡敛⽍鹤浪盈⼰等隙闹涧追菩悉和嘴妙茨⼫布蒙⽕浆残悉雄烷藉尾少捶践拢讼惰芜洞初席允良旱拭淬媚任盟犯蠢考磷剑划掠耸召翰俄砖憨拯半倒朵梆纤污醉址找灾饱⽴菇荒孩步就朴樱租娘饰衍⽅益舵仿整浆瘪淋崎刻阂蝗诀票膊葵焚袋乓铱础炮疯撰惑呼趁距吧糠服肩。

汽车理论课后习题2.7

第二次作业车辆工程八班胡文贵2013424032解：汽车功率平衡图程序>> clear all>> f=0.013; G=38800;Ff=G*f; CdA=2.77;u1=0:1:120; Fw=CdA.*u1.^2/21.15;F=Ff+Fw;Ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.000 0.793];k=1:5;>> ngk=[600 600 600 600 600];>> ngm=[4000 4000 4000 4000 4000];>> r=0.367;I0=5.83;eta=0.85;>> ugk=0.377*r*ngk(k)./(Ig(k).*I0);>> ukm=0.377.*r.*ngm(k)./(Ig(k).*I0);>> pz=F.*u1./3600;>> for k=1:5u=ugk(k):ukm(k);n=Ig(k)*I0.*u./r/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4;Ft=Tq.*Ig(k)*I0*eta/r;pe=Ft.*u./3600;plot(u1,pz,u,pe)hold on,grid onend2)最高档和次高档百公里油耗曲线>> n=600:1:4000;m=3880;g=9.8;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;n0=[815 1207 1614 2012 2603 3006 3403 3804];B00=[1326.8 1354.7 1284.4 1122.9 1141.0 1051.2 1233.9 1129.7];B10=[-416.46 -303.98 -189.75 -121.59 -98.893 -73.714 -84.478 -45.291];B20=[72.379 36.657 14.524 7.0035 4.4763 2.8593 2.9788 0.71113];B30=[-5.8629 -2.0553 -0.51184 -0.18517 -0.091077 -0.05138 -0.047449 -0.00075215];B40=[0.17768 0.043072 0.0068164 0.0018555 0.00068906 0.00035032 0.00028230 -0.000038568];B0=spline(n0,B00,n);B1=spline(n0,B10,n);B2=spline(n0,B20,n);B3=spline(n0,B30,n);B4=spline(n0,B40,n);Ff=G*f;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;Fz4=Ff+CDA*(ua4.^2)/21.15;Fz5=Ff+CDA*(ua5.^2)/21.15;Pe4=Fz4.*ua4./(nT*3.6*1000);Pe5=Fz5.*ua5./(nT*3.6*1000);>> for i=1:1:3401b4(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe4(i)+B2(i)*Pe4(i).^2+B3(i)*Pe4(i).^3+B4(i)*Pe4(i).^4;b5(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe5(i)+B2(i)*Pe5(i).^2+B3(i)*Pe5(i).^3+B4(i)*Pe5(i).^4;endpg=7.0;Q4=Pe4.*b4./(1.02.*ua4.*pg);Q5=Pe5.*b5./(1.02.*ua5.*pg);plot(ua4,Q4,ua5,Q5);axis([0 100 10 30]);title('最高档与次高档等速百公里油耗曲线');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('百公里油耗（L/100km）');gtext('4'),gtext('5');六工况油耗计算1）匀速25km/h>> f=0.013; G=38800;Ff=G*f; CdA=2.77;eta=0.85;ua=25;>> pe=(Ff*ua+CdA*ua.^3/21.15)/(eta*3600)pe =4.7897>> r=0.367;I0=5.83;Ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.000 0.793];>> for i=1:5n=ua*Ig(i)*I0/(0.377*r)tq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4 P=tq*n/9550end利用matlab求出的结果n =5.8570e+03 tq =-276.9876 P = -169.8763n =2.9169e+03 tq =170.4435 P =52.0596n =1.7318e+03 tq =173.5743 P =31.4764n =1.0534e+03 tq =151.1890 P =16.6770n =835.3613 tq = 133.8503 P =11.7082由于国标规定，尽量用最高档行驶。

汽车理论课后习题答案

Tq ig ioT r
n n 2 n 3 n 4 Tq 19.13 259 .27 ( ) 165 .44( ) 40.874 ( ) 3.8445 ( ) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Fw
CD A 2 Ua 21.15
由以上关系可由计算机作出图为：
②用计算机求汽车用Ⅳ档起步加速至 70km/h 的加速时间。（注：载货时汽车用Ⅱ档起步加速不能至 70km/h）由运动学可知：
Ua Ft 494.312 0.131
2
分别代入 U a 和 Ft 公式：
Tq * 6.9 * 5.83* 0.85 0.367 494.312 0.131 ( 0.377* 0.3697n 2 ) 5.83* 6.09
把 Tq 的拟和公式也代入可得： n>4000 而 nmax 4000r/min
m＝1600kg，CD＝0.45，A＝2.00 m ，f＝0.02，δ ＝1.00。答：1> 对于 F-F 型轿车：最大驱动力等于前轮附着力
2
Fxbmax F Fz 61.5%mg
对于 F-R 型轿车：最大驱动力等于后轮附着力
Fxbmax F Fz (1 55.7%)） G
2 2
1 1 Ⅱ时， m
Iw
r2
1 I f i g i0 T m r2
1 1.798 3.598 1 0.218* 3.092 * 5.832 * 0.85 1 3800 0.3672 3800 0.3672
1.128
Ft
1.5、如何选择汽车发动机功率?
答：依据（原则）：常先从保证汽车预期的最高车速来初步选择发动机应有的功率。〔从动力性角度出发〕这些动力性指标：

汽车理论课后习题答案及MATLAB编程

汽车理论课后习题答案—附MATLAB编程教材：汽车理论（第5版）清华大学余志生主编机械工业出版社出版本文档包含第三章 4.3 5.11 6.2 6.4 6.5所要求的MATLAB编程其它习题答案：第一章：1.1 1.2 1.7 1.8第二章：2.2 2.3 2.4第三章第四章：4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5第五章：5.1 5.8 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.14 5.17第六章：6.1~6.5见本作者另一百度文库文档。

获取方法：点击左上角本作者的昵称，进入本作者的文库，《汽车理论课后习题答案（含MATLAB编程）》第三章：m=3880;%总质量g=9.8;%重力加速度r=0.367;%车轮半径eta_t=0.85;%传动系机械效率f=0.013;%滚动阻力系数CDA=2.77;%空气阻力系数*迎风面积i0=[5.175.435.836.176.33];%主减速器传动比If=0.218;%飞轮转动惯量Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;%两前轮/四后轮转动惯量Iw=Iw1+Iw2;ig4=[6.09 3.091.711];%4挡变速器传动比ig5=[5.56 2.7691.64410.793];%5挡变速器传动比n=600:1:4000;%发动机转速Tq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4;%4挡发动机for i=1:5Ft1=Tq*ig4(1)*i0(i)/r;%各档对应转速下的驱动力Ft2=Tq*ig4(2)*i0(i)/r;Ft3=Tq*ig4(3)*i0(i)/r;Ft4=Tq*ig4(4)*i0(i)/r;u1=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(1));%各档对应转速下的车速u2=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(2));u3=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(3));u4=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(4));F1=m*g*f+CDA*u1.^2/21.15;%各档对应转速下的行驶阻力F2=m*g*f+CDA*u2.^2/21.15;F3=m*g*f+CDA*u3.^2/21.15;F4=m*g*f+CDA*u4.^2/21.15;delta1=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(1).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);%汽车旋转质量换算系数delta2=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(2).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta3=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(3).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta4=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(4).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);a1=(Ft1-F1)/(delta1*m);%加速度a2=(Ft2-F2)/(delta2*m);a3=(Ft3-F3)/(delta3*m);a4=(Ft4-F4)/(delta4*m);b1=1./a1;%加速度倒数b2=1./a2;b3=1./a3;b4=1./a4;figure(1)subplot(2,3,i)plot(u1,b1,u2,b2,u3,b3,u4,b4);title('加速度倒数-速度曲线');xlabel('u')ylabel('1/a')gtext('1/a1')gtext('1/a2')gtext('1/a3')gtext('1/a4')gtext(['i0='num2str(i0(i))]);%计算采用2挡起步加速至96.6km/h的原地起步加速时间u1min=min(u1);u1max=max(u1);u2min=u1max;u2min=min(u2);u2max=max(u2);u3min=u2max;u3max=max(u3);u4min=u3max;u4max=96.6;x1=[];x2=[];x3=[];x4=[];y=3401;for j=1:3401if u3(j)<=u3minx1=[j];endendq1=max(x1);ua3=u3(q1:y);a3=b3(q1:y);for k=1:3401if u4(k)<=u4minx2=[k];elseif u4(k)<=u4maxx3=[k];endendq2=max(x2);q3=max(x3);ua4=u4(q2:q3);a4=b4(q2:q3);s2=trapz(b2,u2);%二挡运行时间s3=trapz(ua3,a3);%三挡运行时间s4=trapz(ua4,a4);%四挡运行时间s=[s2s3s4];t=sum(s)*1000/3600;%总时间disp('t=');disp(t);gtext(['t='num2str(t)'s']);Pe1=Ft1.*u1./3600;%各档对应转速下的功率Pe2=Ft2.*u2./3600;Pe3=Ft3.*u3./3600;Pe4=Ft4.*u4./3600;endPemax=max([max(Pe1)max(Pe2)max(Pe3)max(Pe4)]);%发动机最大功率disp('90％负荷');Pe=0.9*Pemax%90％负荷rou=0.7;Ua=0.377*r*3401./(i0.*ig4(4));B=[1233.9-84.4782.9788-0.0474490.00028230];%负荷特性曲线拟合公式系数，对应n=3403r/min for i=1:5b=B*[1Pe Pe^2Pe^3Pe^4]';%根据拟合公式计算比油耗Qs4(i)=Pe.*b./(1.02.*Ua(i).*rou.*g);%百公里油耗量enddisp('Qs4=');disp(Qs4);tt=[48.423546.351141.555733.379630.5564];figure(2)plot(Qs4,tt,'*')hold onxi=25:0.001:31;pp=interp1(Qs4,tt,xi,'cubic');plot(xi,pp)title('燃油经济性-加速时间曲线');xlabel('燃油经济性--等速百公里油耗(L/100km)');ylabel('动力性--原地起步加速时间(s)');gtext('5.17')gtext('5.43')gtext('5.83')gtext('6.17')gtext('6.33')%5挡发动机for i=1:5Ft1=Tq*ig5(1)*i0(i)/r;%各档对应转速下的驱动力Ft2=Tq*ig5(2)*i0(i)/r;Ft3=Tq*ig5(3)*i0(i)/r;Ft4=Tq*ig5(4)*i0(i)/r;Ft5=Tq*ig5(5)*i0(i)/r;u1=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(1));%各档对应转速下的车速u2=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(2));u3=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(3));u4=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(4));u5=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(5));F1=m*g*f+CDA*u1.^2/21.15;%各档对应转速下的行驶阻力F2=m*g*f+CDA*u2.^2/21.15;F3=m*g*f+CDA*u3.^2/21.15;F4=m*g*f+CDA*u4.^2/21.15;F5=m*g*f+CDA*u5.^2/21.15;delta1=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(1).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);%汽车旋转质量换算系数delta2=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(2).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta3=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(3).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta4=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(4).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta5=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(5).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);a1=(Ft1-F1)/(delta1*m);%加速度a2=(Ft2-F2)/(delta2*m);a3=(Ft3-F3)/(delta3*m);a4=(Ft4-F4)/(delta4*m);a5=(Ft5-F5)/(delta5*m);b1=1./a1;%加速度倒数b2=1./a2;b3=1./a3;b4=1./a4;b5=1./a5;figure(3)subplot(2,3,i)plot(u1,b1,u2,b2,u3,b3,u4,b4,u5,b5);title('加速度倒数-速度曲线');xlabel('u')ylabel('1/a')gtext('1/a1')gtext('1/a2')gtext('1/a3')gtext('1/a4')gtext('1/a5')gtext(['i0='num2str(i0(i))]);%计算采用2挡起步加速至96.6km/h的原地起步加速时间u1min=min(u1);u1max=max(u1);u2min=u1max;u2min=min(u2);u2max=max(u2);u3min=u2max;u3max=max(u3);u4min=u3max;u4max=max(u4);u5min=u4max;u5max=96.6;x1=[];x2=[];x3=[];x4=[];x5=[];y=3401;for j=1:3401if u3(j)<=u3minx1=[j];endendq1=max(x1);ua3=u3(q1:y);a3=b3(q1:y);for k=1:3401if u4(k)<=u4minx2=[k];endendq2=max(x2);ua4=u4(q2:y);a4=b4(q2:y);for l=1:3401if u5(l)<=u5minx3=[l];elseif u5(l)<=u5maxx4=[l];endendq2=max(x2);q3=max(x3);q4=max(x4);ua5=u5(q3:q4);a5=b5(q3:q4);s2=trapz(b2,u2);%二挡运行时间s3=trapz(ua3,a3);%三挡运行时间s4=trapz(ua4,a4);%四挡运行时间s5=trapz(ua5,a5);%五挡运行时间s=[s2s3s4s5];t=sum(s)*1000/3600;%总时间disp('t=');disp(t);gtext(['t='num2str(t)'s']);Pe1=Ft1.*u1./3600;%各档对应转速下的功率Pe2=Ft2.*u2./3600;Pe3=Ft3.*u3./3600;Pe4=Ft4.*u4./3600;Pe5=Ft5.*u5./3600;endPemax=max([max(Pe1)max(Pe2)max(Pe3)max(Pe4)max(Pe4)]);%发动机最大功率disp('90％负荷');Pe=0.9*Pemax%90％负荷rou=0.7;Ua=0.377*r*3401./(i0.*ig4(4));B=[1233.9-84.4782.9788-0.0474490.00028230];%负荷特性曲线拟合公式系数，对应n=3403r/min for i=1:5b=B*[1Pe Pe^2Pe^3Pe^4]';%根据拟合公式计算比油耗Qs5(i)=Pe.*b./(1.02.*Ua(i).*rou.*g);%百公里油耗量enddisp('Qs5=');disp(Qs5);tt=[93.973058.283444.678445.366744.9793];figure(2)plot(Qs5,tt,'*')hold onxi=30:0.001:100;pp=interp1(Qs5,tt,xi,'cubic');plot(xi,pp)%title('燃油经济性-加速时间曲线');%xlabel('燃油经济性--等速百公里油耗(L/100km)');%ylabel('动力性--原地起步加速时间(s)');gtext('5.17')gtext('5.43')gtext('5.83')gtext('6.17')gtext('6.33')运行结果：t=48.4235t=46.3511t=41.5557t=33.3796t=30.556490％负荷Pe=55.5647Qs4=25.103126.365628.307829.958730.7356图1加速度倒数-速度曲线图2燃油经济性-加速时间曲线4.3%空载(no load)—1；满载(full load)—2m1=4080;m2=9290;hg1=0.845;hg2=1.170;L=3.950;a1=2.100;a2=2.950;b1=L-a1;b2=L-a2;beta=0.38;%利用附着系数与制动强度的关系曲线z=0:0.01:1;phi_f1=L*beta.*z./(b1+z*hg1);%前轮利用附着系数(空载)phi_r1=L*(1-beta).*z./(a1-z*hg1);%空载时后轮利用附着系数(空载)phi_f2=L*beta.*z./(b2+z*hg2);%前轮利用附着系数(满载)phi_r2=L*(1-beta).*z./(a2-z*hg2);%后轮利用附着系数(满载)phi=z;%最理想情况figure(1);plot(z,phi_f1,'g--',z,phi_f2,'g-',z,phi_r1,'b--',z,phi_r2,'b-',z,phi,'k-'); axis([0,1,0,1]);grid on;box off;axis square;title('利用附着系数与制动强度的关系曲线');xlabel('制动强度z/g');ylabel('利用附着系数{\phi}');%ECE法规要求界限hold on;z1=0.2:0.01:0.8;z2=0.15:0.01:0.3;z3=0.3:0.01:1;phi1=(z1+0.07)/0.85;phi2=z2-0.08;phi3=z2+0.08;phi4=(z3-0.02)/0.74;plot(z1,phi1,'r-.',z2,phi2,'r-.',z2,phi3,'r-.',z3,phi4,'r-.'); legend('{\phi}_{f}(空载)','{\phi}_{f}(满载)','{\phi}_{r}(空载)',...'{\phi}_{r}(满载)','{\phi}=z','ECE法规要求界限');legend('Location','northwest');%制动效率曲线Ef1=z./phi_f1*100;Er1=z./phi_r1*100;Ef2=z./phi_f2*100;Er2=z./phi_r2*100;figure(2);plot(phi_f1,Ef1,'k',phi_r1,Er1,'k',phi_f2,Ef2,'b',phi_r2,Er2,'b'); axis([0,1,0,100]);grid on;box off;axis square;title('制动效率曲线');xlabel('附着系数{\phi}');ylabel('制动效率(%)');text(0.25,90,'E_f');text(0.6,88,'满载');text(0.8,90,'E_r');text(0.7,65,'空载');text(0.72,72,'E_r');程序运行结果如下：图1图2 5.11L=3.048;K=0.0024;i=20;ua=0:0.01:120;f=1/L.*(1./(3.6./ua+K.*ua./3.6));syms uF(u)=(1/L.*(1./(1./u+K.*u)))./i;plot(ua,f,'b-');xlabel('u_a(km/h)');ylabel('\omega_r/\delta)_s');F(22.35)运行结果：ans=0.1667386094155036.2f=0.1:0.1:100;Gq1=5.12*10^(-5)./f.^2;Gq2=2.02*10^(-3).*f./f;Gq3=7.98*10^(-2).*f.^2;figure(1);loglog(f,Gq1,'b-');box off;axis square;title('位移功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_q(f)/(m^2s)');figure(2);loglog(f,Gq2,'b-');box off;axis square;title('速度功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_q_''(f)/(m^2/s)');figure(3);loglog(f,Gq3,'b-');box off;axis square;title('加速度功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_q_''_''(f)/(m^2/s^3)');运行结果如下：6.4f1=0.1:0.01:1;f2=1:0.01:10;G1=0.010106.*f1.^2;G2=0.010106.*f2./f2;loglog(f1,G1,'b-');hold onloglog(f2,G2,'b-');title('车身加速度的功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_z_''_''(f)/m^-^1'); axis([0.1,10,0.0001,0.1]);运行结果如下：6.51.计算说明1）①幅频特性()122222114z q λζλγ⎡⎤-+⎢=⎢⎥∆⎣⎦，其中0ωλω=，()2222222111141λλγζλγλμμ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫∆=-+--+-⎢⎥⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦⎣⎦；()12222222211414z z ζλλζλ⎡⎤+⎢=⎢⎥-+⎣⎦；()1222222221414s s s s s p z ζλλζλ⎡⎤+⎢=⎢⎥-+⎣⎦，其中s s ωλω=；②均方根谱()()221~j 2z q H f f ωππ=；()()222~j 2z qH f f ωππ== ；()()2221~1j 2p qz z H f f z qωππ== ；③其他值()0.5360q q G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰ ，()0.536110z z G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰ ，()0.536220z z G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰ ，()0.5360a a G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰()()()()()()13622w 012222412.5362202412.5d 12.5 0.5d d 1d d 4a a a a a a W f G f f f G f f G f f G f f G f f f ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=+++⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰其中，()()()()()0.5 0.52 2441 412.512.512.536f f f W f f f f <<⎧⎪⎪<<⎪=⎨<<⎪⎪<<⎪⎩()aw w 020lg L a =2）见1）中计算式3）()()()22004q q q G f G G n n uωπ== ()()()1122363622d ~00d d dd f q q f q f H f G f f G f f q σ⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰ ，其中122d 12f q f γλπ⎡⎤=⎢⎥∆⎣⎦ ()()()1122363622d //~00d d dd F Gq q F G q F H f G f f G f f Gq σ⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰ ，其中122222d 1412F f Gq g λζλμπγ⎡⎤⎛⎫-+⎢⎥⎪+⎢⎥⎝⎭=⎢⎥∆⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦其余见1）中计算式2.程序清单1）f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega0=2*pi*f0;omega_s=2*pi*fs;lambda=omega./omega0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;%计算并绘制幅频特性delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;p_z2=((1+(2*zeta_s.*lambda_s).^2)./((1-lambda_s.^2).^2+(2*zeta_s.*...lambda_s).^2)).^0.5;figure(1)loglog(f,z1_q,'b-',0:0.1:100,(0:0.1:100)./(0:0.1:100),'g-');axis([0.1,100,0.1,10]);grid on ;title('z_1~q 的幅频特性');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$$|\frac{z_1}{q}|$$','Interpreter','latex');gtext('0:1');figure(2)loglog(f,z2_z1,'b-',0:0.1:1,(0:0.1:1)./(0:0.1:1),'g-',1:0.1:100,1./...(1:0.1:100),'g-');axis([0.1,100,0.01,10]);grid on;title('z_2~z_1的幅频特性');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$$|\frac{z_2}{z_1}|$$','Interpreter','latex'); gtext('0:1');gtext('-1:1');figure(3)loglog(f,p_z2,'b-');axis([0.1,100,0.01,10]);grid on;title('p~z_2的幅频特性');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$$|\frac{p}{z_2}|$$','Interpreter','latex');%计算并绘制均方根谱sqrt_Gq=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u);sqrt_Gz1=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z1_q;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sqrt_Ga=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*p_z2.*z2_z1.*z1_q; figure(4)loglog(f,sqrt_Gz1,'b-');grid on;title('车轮位移均方根谱');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$\sqrt{G_{z''''1}(f)}$','Interpreter','latex'); figure(5)loglog(f,sqrt_Gz2,'b-');grid on;title('车身位移均方根谱');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$\sqrt{G_{z''''2}(f)}$','Interpreter','latex'); figure(6)loglog(f,sqrt_Ga,'b-');grid on;title('传至人体的位移均方根谱');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$\sqrt{G_a(f)}$','Interpreter','latex');%计算其它值sigma_q=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gq.^2));%路面不平度加速度均方根值sigma_z1=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz1.^2));%车轮加速度均方根值sigma_z2=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));%车身加速度均方根值sigma_a=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Ga.^2));%传至人体的加速度均方根值for i=1:Nif f(i)<=2W(i)=0.5;elseif f(i)<=4W(i)=f(i)/4;elseif f(i)<=12.5W(i)=1;elseW(i)=12.5/f(i);endendaw=sqrt(trapz(f,W.^2.*sqrt_Ga.^2));%加权加速度均方根值a0=10^(-6);Law=20*log10(aw/a0);%加权振级format shortdisp('路面不平度加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_q);disp('车轮加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_z1);disp('车身加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_z2);disp('传至人体的加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_a);disp('加权加速度均方根值=');disp(aw);disp('加权振级=');disp(Law);2）%随fs变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=1.5:0.01:6;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda=omega./omega0;for i=1:length(fs)omega_s=2*pi.*fs(i);lambda_s=omega./omega_s;delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;p_z2=((1+(2*zeta_s.*lambda_s).^2)./((1-lambda_s.^2).^2+(2*zeta_s.*...lambda_s).^2)).^0.5;sqrt_Gq=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u);sqrt_Gz1=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z1_q;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sqrt_Ga=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*p_z2.*z2_z1.*z1_q;for j=1:Nif f(j)<=2W(j)=0.5;elseif f(j)<=4W(j)=f(j)/4;elseif f(j)<=12.5W(j)=1;elseW(j)=12.5/f(j);endendaw(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,W.^2.*sqrt_Ga.^2));enda0=10^(-6);Law=20*log10(aw/a0);figure(1)plot(fs,aw);grid ontitle('a_w随f_s的变化曲线');xlabel('f_s/Hz');ylabel('a_w/m·s^-^2');figure(2)plot(fs,Law);grid ontitle('L_aw随f_s的变化曲线');xlabel('f_s/Hz');ylabel('L_a_w/dB');%随zeta_s变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_ss=0.125:0.001:0.5;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega0=2*pi*f0;omega_s=2*pi.*fs;lambda=omega./omega0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;for i=1:length(zeta_ss)zeta_s=zeta_ss(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;p_z2=((1+(2*zeta_s.*lambda_s).^2)./((1-lambda_s.^2).^2+(2*zeta_s.*...lambda_s).^2)).^0.5;sqrt_Gq=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u);sqrt_Gz1=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z1_q;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sqrt_Ga=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*p_z2.*z2_z1.*z1_q;for j=1:Nif f(j)<=2W(j)=0.5;elseif f(j)<=4W(j)=f(j)/4;elseif f(j)<=12.5W(j)=1;elseW(j)=12.5/f(j);endendaw(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,W.^2.*sqrt_Ga.^2));enda0=10^(-6);Law=20*log10(aw/a0);figure(1)plot(zeta_ss,aw);grid ontitle('a_w随\zeta_s的变化曲线');xlabel('\zeta_s');ylabel('a_w/m·s^-^2');figure(2)plot(zeta_ss,Law);grid ontitle('L_aw随\zeta_s的变化曲线');xlabel('\zeta_s');ylabel('L_a_w/dB');3）%随f0变化f0=0.25:0.01:3;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(f0)omega0=2*pi*f0(i);lambda=omega./omega0;delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(f0==1.5);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(f0,sm_z2,f0,sm_fd,f0,sm_FdG);axis([0.25,3,-25,10]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随f_0变化的曲线');xlabel('f_0/Hz');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB'); legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');legend('Location','southeast');%随zeta变化f0=1.5;zeta0=0.125:0.001:0.5;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;lambda=omega./omega0;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(zeta0)zeta=zeta0(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(zeta0==0.25);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(zeta0,sm_z2,zeta0,sm_fd,zeta0,sm_FdG);axis([0.125,0.5,-4,4]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随\zeta变化的曲线');xlabel('\zeta');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB'); legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');%随gamma变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma0=4.5:0.1:18;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;lambda=omega./omega0;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(gamma0)gamma=gamma0(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(gamma0==9);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(gamma0,sm_z2,gamma0,sm_fd,gamma0,sm_FdG);axis([4.5,18,-6,6]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随\gamma变化的曲线');xlabel('\gamma');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB'); legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');legend('Location','southeast');%随mu变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu0=5:0.1:20;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;lambda=omega./omega0;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(mu0)mu=mu0(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(mu0==10);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(mu0,sm_z2,mu0,sm_fd,mu0,sm_FdG);axis([5,20,-2,2]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随\mu变化的曲线');xlabel('\mu');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB');legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');3.结果分析1）路面不平度加速度均方根值=0.3523车轮加速度均方根值=0.2391车身加速度均方根值=0.0168传至人体的加速度均方根值=0.0161加权加速度均方根值=0.0100加权振级=80.0287分析：根据课本中表6-2，a w=0.0100<0.315，L aw=80.0287<110，故乘客没有不舒适。

汽车理论 matlab编程作业答案

4.3（1）利用附着系数空载时前轴的利用附着系数φf1：φf1=βz1L b+zh g=0.38z13.951.85+0.845z空载时后轴的利用附着系数φr1：φr1=(1−β)z1L a−zh g=(1−0.38)z13.952.1−0.845z满载时前轴的利用附着系数φf2：φf2=βz1L b+zh g=0.38z13.951.0+1.17z满载时后轴的利用附着系数φr2：φr2=(1−β)z1L a−zh g=(1−0.38)z13.952.95−1.17zMatlab程序：clcclearsyms z;f1=0.38*z/((1/3.95)*(1.85+0.845*z));r1=(1-0.38)*z/((1/3.95)*(2.1-0.845*z)); f2=0.38*z/((1/3.95)*(1.0+1.17*z));r2=(1-0.38)*z/((1/3.95)*(2.95-1.17*z)); f=z;ezplot(f1);hold on;ezplot(f2);ezplot(r1);ezplot(r2);ezplot(f);axis([0 1.0 0 1.0]);title('利用附着系数曲线');xlabel('制动强度z');ylabel('利用附着系数');text(0.38,0.8,'Ør(空载)');text(0.6,0.9,'Ør(满载)');text(0.8,0.45,'Øf(空载)');text(0.8,0.6,' Øf(满载)');text(0.85,0.9,'Ø=z')制动效率空载时前轴的制动效率E f1：E f1=bLβ−φf gL=1.85/3.95f空载时后轴的制动效率E r1：E r1=aL(1−β)−φr gL=2.1/3.95r满载时前轴的制动效率E f2：E f2=bLβ−φf gL=1.0/3.950.38−φf∙1.17/3.95满载时后轴的制动效率E r2：E r2=aL(1−β)−φr gL=2.95/3.95rMatlab程序：clearsyms x;Er1=2.1/3.95/(1-0.38+x*0.845/3.95); Ef2=1.0/3.95/(0.38-x*1.17/3.95);Er2=2.95/3.95/(1-0.38+x*1.17/3.95); ezplot(Ef2);hold on;ezplot(Er1);ezplot(Er2);axis([0 1.0 0 1.0]);title('前后轴制动效率曲线'); xlabel('附着系数'); ylabel('制动效率（%）'); text(0.35,0.9,'Ef'); text(0.8,0.9,'Er'); text(0.55,0.78,'Er'); text(0.65,0.94,'满载'); text(0.55,0.65,'空载');(2)①由图可得：空载时，在φ=0.8时的制动效率为0.7，则其制动减速度为0.8g*0.7=0.56g 。

汽车理论习题解答

1.3(1).绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图Matlab程序如下所示：i0=5.83;nt=0.85;r=0.367;n=600:100:4000;ig1=6.09;ig2=3.09;ig3=1.71;ig4=1.00;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(0.001*n)-165.44*(0.001*n).^2+40.874*(0.001*n). ^3-3.8445*(0.001*n).^4;ua1=0.377*r*n/(ig1*i0);ua2=0.377*r*n/(ig2*i0);ua3=0.377*r*n/(ig3* i0);ua4=0.377*r*n/(ig4*i0);Ft1=Tq*ig1*i0*nt/r;Ft2=Tq*ig2*i0*nt/r;Ft3=Tq*ig3*i0*nt/r;Ft4=Tq*i g4*i0*nt/r;ua=1:1:120;Ff=504.4;t=2.77;Fw=t*ua.^2/21.15;F=Ff+Fw;plot(ua1,Ft1,'r-',ua2,Ft2,'b-',ua3,Ft3,'g-',ua4,Ft4,'y-',ua,F,'r-'),grid;gtext('I');gtext('II');gtext('III');gtext('VI');gtext('Ff+Fw'); hold on;xlabel('速度km/h');ylabel('F /N');title('驱动力与阻力平衡关系图');（2）求汽车最高车速、最大爬坡度及克服该坡度时相应附着率1.由上图易知，最高车速出现在4档行驶时驱动力与阻力的交点处，Uamax=99.08km/h。

2.作出不同档位时，最大爬坡度与车速变化关系图。

汽车理论课后习题MATLAB编程-武汉理工版

汽车理论课后习题MATLAB编程1.3 确定一轻型货车的动力性能（货车可装用4挡或5挡变速器，任选其中的一种进行整车性能计算）：1）绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图。

2）求汽车最高车速，最大爬坡度及克服该坡度时相应的附着率。

3）绘制汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线，用图解积分法求汽车用2档起步加速行驶至70km/h的车速－时间曲线，或者用计算机求汽车用2档起步加速行驶至70km/h的加速时间。

解：(1) 求汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图和汽车最高车速：n=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/10 00).^4;m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;ua=[0:5:120];Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.^2/21.15;Fz=Ff+Fw;plot(ua1,Ft1,ua2,Ft2,ua3,Ft3,ua4,Ft4,ua5,Ft5,ua,Fz);title('驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图');xlabel('ua(km/s)');ylabel('Ft(N)');gtext('Ft1'),gtext('Ft2'),gtext('Ft3'),gtext('Ft4'),gtext('Ft5'),gtext('Ff+Fw');zoom on;[x,y]=ginput(1);zoom off;disp('汽车最高车速=');disp(x);disp('km/h');汽车最高车速=99.3006km/h(2)求汽车最大爬坡度程序：n=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/10 00).^4;m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;Ff=G*f;Fw1=CDA*ua1.^2/21.15;Fz1=Ff+Fw1;Fi1=Ft1-Fz1;Zoom on;imax=100*tan(asin(max(Fi1/G)));disp('汽车最大爬坡度=');disp(imax);disp('%');汽车最大爬坡度=35.2197%(3)求最大爬坡度相应的附着率和求汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线程序：clearn=[600:10:4000];Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/10 00).^4;m=3880;g=9.8;nmin=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;Fw1=CDA*ua1.^2/21.15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.^2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.^2/21.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.^2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.^2/21.15;Ff=G*f;deta1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(1)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);deta2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(2)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);deta3=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(3)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);deta4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(4)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);deta5=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*ig(5)^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);a1=(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/(deta1*m);ad1=1./a1;a2=(Ft2-Ff-Fw2)/(deta2*m);ad2=1./a2;a3=(Ft3-Ff-Fw3)/(deta3*m);ad3=1./a3;a4=(Ft4-Ff-Fw4)/(deta4*m);ad4=1./a4;a5=(Ft5-Ff-Fw5)/(deta5*m);ad5=1./a5;plot(ua1,ad1,ua2,ad2,ua3,ad3,ua4,ad4,ua5,ad5);axis([0 99 0 10]);title('汽车的加速度倒数曲线');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('1/a');gtext('1/a1');gtext('1/a2');gtext('1/a3');gtext('1/a4');gtext('1/a5');a=max(a1);af=asin(max(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/G);C=tan(af)/(a/L+hg*tan(af)/L);disp('假设后轮驱动，最大爬坡度相应的附着率=');disp(C);假设后轮驱动，最大爬坡度相应的附着率=0.4219(4) >>clearnT=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;m=3880;g=9.8;G=m*g; ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];nmin=600;nmax=4000;u1=0.377*r*nmin./ig/i0;u2=0.377*r*nmax./ig/i0;deta=0*ig;for i=1:5deta(i)=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r^2)+(If*(ig(i))^2*i0^2*nT)/(m*r^2);endua=[6:0.01:99];N=length(ua);n=0;Tq=0;Ft=0;inv_a=0*ua;delta=0*ua;Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.^2/21.15;for i=1:Nk=i;if ua(i)<=u2(2)n=ua(i)*(ig(2)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/100 0)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(2)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2(3)n=ua(i)*(ig(3)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/100 0)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(3)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2(4)n=ua(i)*(ig(4)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/100 0)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(4)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;elsen=ua(i)*(ig(5)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000)^2+40.874*(n/1000)^3-3.8445*(n/100 0)^4;Ft=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;inv_a(i)=(deta(5)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i));delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6;enda=delta(1:k);t(i)=sum(a);endplot(t,ua);axis([0 80 0 100]);title('汽车2档原地起步换挡加速时间曲线');xlabel('时间t（s）');ylabel('速度ua（km/h）');>> ginputans =25.8223 70.073725.7467 70.0737所以汽车2档原地起步换挡加速行驶至70km/h的加速时间约为25.8s2.7已知货车装用汽油发动机的负荷特性与万有特性。

汽车理论课后习题matlab程序文件

1.3.1驱动力阻力平衡图m1=2000;m2=1800;m=3880;r0=0.367;gt=0.85;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ig4=[6.09 3.09 1.71 1.00];for i=1:3401;n(i)=i+599;Tq(i)=-19.313+295.27*n(i)./1000-165.44*(n(i)/1000).^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000).^3-3.8445 *(n(i)/1000).^4;endfor i=1:3401;for j=1:4;Ft(i,j)=Tq(i)*i0*Ig4(j)*gt/r0;ua(i,j)=0.377*r0*n(i)./Ig4(j)/i0;F(i,j)=f*m*9.8+CDA*ua(i,j).^2/21.15;endendplot(ua,Ft,ua,F)xlabel('ua/(km/h)');ylabel('F/N')title('汽车驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图');gtext('Ft1')gtext('Ft2')gtext('Ft3')gtext('Ft4')gtext('Ff+Fw')grid onaxis(0,120,0,14000)1.3.3加速度倒数曲线m1=2000;m2=1800;m=3880;r0=0.367;gt=0.85;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ig4=[6.09 3.09 1.71 1.00];q=1.128;for i=1:3401;n(i)=i+599;Tq(i)=-19.313+295.27*n(i)./1000-165.44*(n(i)/1000).^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000).^3-3.8445 *(n(i)/1000).^4;endfor i=1:3401;for j=1:4;Ft(i,j)=Tq(i)*i0*Ig4(j)*gt/r0;ua(i,j)=0.377*r0*n(i)./Ig4(j)/i0;F(i,j)=f*m*9.8+CDA*ua(i,j).^2/21.15;b(i,j)=q*m/(Ft(i,j)-0.131*ua(i,j)^2-9.8*m*f);%加速度倒数%endendplot(ua,b);xlabel('ua/(km/h)');ylabel('1/a/(s^2/m)');title('加速度倒数曲线')gtext('1/a1');gtext('1/a2');gtext('1/a3');gtext('1/a4');grid on;axis([0,50,0,5])2.7功率平衡曲线m1=2000;m2=1800;m=3880;r0=0.367;gt=0.85;f=0.013;CDA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;Ig4=[6.09 3.09 1.71 1.00];for i=1:3401;n(i)=i+599;Tq(i)=-19.313+295.27*n(i)/1000-165.44*(n(i)/1000)^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000)^3-3.8445*(n (i)/1000)^4;endfor i=1:3401;for j=1:4;Ft(i,j)=Tq(i)*i0*Ig4(j)*gt/r0;ua(i,j)=0.377*r0*n(i)./(Ig4(j)*i0);Pe(i,j)=Ft(i,j)*ua(i,j)/3600;%Pe EXPRESSION%c(i,j)=7.647*ua(i,j)/1000+3.638*ua(i,j)^3/100000;%(Pf+Pw)/gt EXPRESSION%end;end;plot(ua,Pe,ua,c);xlabel('ua/(km/h)');ylabel('Pe/kW');title('功率平衡图');gtext('Pe1');gtext('Pe2');gtext('Pe3');gtext('Pe4');gtext('P阻力');grid on;axis([0,90,0,20]);最高档等速百公里油耗曲线i0=5.83;r=0.367;t=0.85;m=3880;G=38024;f=0.013;CdA=2.77;pg=7.12;ig3=1.71;ig4=1;n=[815 1207 1614 2012 2603 3006 3403 3804];B0=[1326.8 1354.7 1284.4 1122.9 1141.0 1051.2 1233.9 1129.7];B1=[-416.46 -303.98 -189.75 -121.59 -98.893 -73.714 -84.478 -45.291] ;B2=[72.379 36.657 14.524 7.0035 4.4763 2.8593 2.9788 0.71113];B3=[-5.8629 -2.0553 -0.51184 -0.18517 -0.091077 -0.05138 -0.047449 -0.00075215];B4=[0.17768 0.043072 0.0068164 0.0018555 0.00068906 0.00035032 0.00028230 -0.000038568];ua=(0.377*r*n)/(ig4*i0);Tq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*((n/1000).^2)+40.874*((n/1000).^3)-3.8445*((n/1000 ).^4);P=(1/t)*(G*f*ua/3600+CdA*ua.^3/76140);b=B0+B1.*P+B2.*P.^2+B3.*P.^3+B4.*P.^4;Qs=P.*b./(1.02*ua*pg);b=polyfit(ua,Qs,3);ua4=8:1:100;f=polyval(b,ua4);figure;plot(ua,Qs,'ko',ua4,f,'LineWidth',2);title('汽车最高档等速百公里油耗曲线');xlabel('ua/(km/h)');ylabel('Qs/[1/L(100km)]');次高档等速百公里油耗曲线i0=5.83;r=0.367;t=0.85;m=3880;G=38024;f=0.013;CdA=2.77;pg=7.12;ig3=1.71;ig4=1;n=[815 1207 1614 2012 2603 3006 3403 3804];B0=[1326.8 1354.7 1284.4 1122.9 1141.0 1051.2 1233.9 1129.7];B1=[-416.46 -303.98 -189.75 -121.59 -98.893 -73.714 -84.478 -45.291] ;B2=[72.379 36.657 14.524 7.0035 4.4763 2.8593 2.9788 0.71113];B3=[-5.8629 -2.0553 -0.51184 -0.18517 -0.091077 -0.05138 -0.047449 -0.00075215];B4=[0.17768 0.043072 0.0068164 0.0018555 0.00068906 0.00035032 0.00028230 -0.000038568];ua=(0.377*r*n)/(ig3*i0);Tq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*((n/1000).^2)+40.874*((n/1000).^3)-3.8445*((n/1000 ).^4);P=(1/t)*(G*f*ua/3600+CdA*ua.^3/76140);b=B0+B1.*P+B2.*P.^2+B3.*P.^3+B4.*P.^4;Qs=P.*b./(1.02*ua*pg);b=polyfit(ua,Qs,3);ua4=8:1:55;f=polyval(b,ua4);figure;plot(ua,Qs,'ko',ua4,f,'LineWidth',2);title('汽车次高档等速百公里油耗曲线'); xlabel('ua/(km/h)');ylabel('Qs/[1/L(100km)]');。

汽车理论作业 1.3 Matlab 作图

题解：本题选用4档变速器进行整车性能计算1)汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图由驱动力0tq g tt T i i F r η=，结合发动机使用外特性的T tq -n 拟合公式，使用Matlab 绘图如下2) 2.1最高车速：由驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图可见，行驶阻力一直低于汽车驱动力，故最高车速为最高档时发动机最高转速对应的车速，求解如下max 00.3770.3674000(1 5.83)94.93/0.377g km hu r n i i =⨯⨯÷⨯=⨯⨯=⨯2.2最大爬坡度：一档时整车有最大驱动力，相对应可求出最大爬坡度（本题为精确计算没有认为cos 1θ≈）20432()sin (cos 21.15)1.43910cos 0.013(8103600) 2.7721.15i t f w tq g T D a F F F F G T i i r Gf C AU G θηθ=-+=÷-+÷=⨯-∂⨯-⨯÷⨯÷Qsin 0.013cos 0.37θθ⇒+=020.37arcsin 2110.013θ-∴==+于是最大爬坡度0tan tan 200.384i θ===2.3最大爬坡度对应的附着率：由于轻型货车一般为后轮驱动，故选用以下公式进行计算 /(//)0.384(1.947 3.20.90.384 3.2)0.536g i a L h i L C ϕ=+=÷÷+⨯÷=3)间：根据汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线，汽车由二档起步至加速到二档最高速度30.7214km/h ，用时t1=25.9478/3.6 s ；此时换位三档，从车速30.7214 km/h ，加速到三档最高速度55.5140 km/h ，用时t2=28.5747/3.6s ；此时换为四档，继续加速到最高速度70 km/h ，用时t3=26.7305/3.6s ；故汽车用2档起步加速行驶至70 km/h 的加速时间为t=t 1+t 2+t 3=25.9478/3.6+28.5747/3.6+26.7305/3.6=22.5703s。

汽车理论课后习题答案及MATLAB编程

汽车理论课后习题答案—附MATLAB编程教材：汽车理论（第5版）清华大学余志生主编机械工业出版社出版本文档包含第三章 4.3 5.11 6.2 6.4 6.5所要求的MATLAB编程其它习题答案：第一章：1.1 1.2 1.7 1.8第二章：2.2 2.3 2.4第三章第四章：4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5第五章：5.1 5.8 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.14 5.17第六章：6.1~6.5见本作者另一百度文库文档。

获取方法：点击左上角本作者的昵称，进入本作者的文库，《汽车理论课后习题答案（含MATLAB编程）》第三章：m=3880;%总质量g=9.8;%重力加速度r=0.367;%车轮半径eta_t=0.85;%传动系机械效率f=0.013;%滚动阻力系数CDA=2.77;%空气阻力系数*迎风面积i0=[5.175.435.836.176.33];%主减速器传动比If=0.218;%飞轮转动惯量Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;%两前轮/四后轮转动惯量Iw=Iw1+Iw2;ig4=[6.09 3.091.711];%4挡变速器传动比ig5=[5.56 2.7691.64410.793];%5挡变速器传动比n=600:1:4000;%发动机转速Tq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4;%4挡发动机for i=1:5Ft1=Tq*ig4(1)*i0(i)/r;%各档对应转速下的驱动力Ft2=Tq*ig4(2)*i0(i)/r;Ft3=Tq*ig4(3)*i0(i)/r;Ft4=Tq*ig4(4)*i0(i)/r;u1=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(1));%各档对应转速下的车速u2=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(2));u3=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(3));u4=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig4(4));F1=m*g*f+CDA*u1.^2/21.15;%各档对应转速下的行驶阻力F2=m*g*f+CDA*u2.^2/21.15;F3=m*g*f+CDA*u3.^2/21.15;F4=m*g*f+CDA*u4.^2/21.15;delta1=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(1).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);%汽车旋转质量换算系数delta2=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(2).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta3=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(3).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta4=1+(Iw+If.*ig4(4).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);a1=(Ft1-F1)/(delta1*m);%加速度a2=(Ft2-F2)/(delta2*m);a3=(Ft3-F3)/(delta3*m);a4=(Ft4-F4)/(delta4*m);b1=1./a1;%加速度倒数b2=1./a2;b3=1./a3;b4=1./a4;figure(1)subplot(2,3,i)plot(u1,b1,u2,b2,u3,b3,u4,b4);title('加速度倒数-速度曲线');xlabel('u')ylabel('1/a')gtext('1/a1')gtext('1/a2')gtext('1/a3')gtext('1/a4')gtext(['i0='num2str(i0(i))]);%计算采用2挡起步加速至96.6km/h的原地起步加速时间u1min=min(u1);u1max=max(u1);u2min=u1max;u2min=min(u2);u2max=max(u2);u3min=u2max;u3max=max(u3);u4min=u3max;u4max=96.6;x1=[];x2=[];x3=[];x4=[];y=3401;for j=1:3401if u3(j)<=u3minx1=[j];endendq1=max(x1);ua3=u3(q1:y);a3=b3(q1:y);for k=1:3401if u4(k)<=u4minx2=[k];elseif u4(k)<=u4maxx3=[k];endendq2=max(x2);q3=max(x3);ua4=u4(q2:q3);a4=b4(q2:q3);s2=trapz(b2,u2);%二挡运行时间s3=trapz(ua3,a3);%三挡运行时间s4=trapz(ua4,a4);%四挡运行时间s=[s2s3s4];t=sum(s)*1000/3600;%总时间disp('t=');disp(t);gtext(['t='num2str(t)'s']);Pe1=Ft1.*u1./3600;%各档对应转速下的功率Pe2=Ft2.*u2./3600;Pe3=Ft3.*u3./3600;Pe4=Ft4.*u4./3600;endPemax=max([max(Pe1)max(Pe2)max(Pe3)max(Pe4)]);%发动机最大功率disp('90％负荷');Pe=0.9*Pemax%90％负荷rou=0.7;Ua=0.377*r*3401./(i0.*ig4(4));B=[1233.9-84.4782.9788-0.0474490.00028230];%负荷特性曲线拟合公式系数，对应n=3403r/min for i=1:5b=B*[1Pe Pe^2Pe^3Pe^4]';%根据拟合公式计算比油耗Qs4(i)=Pe.*b./(1.02.*Ua(i).*rou.*g);%百公里油耗量enddisp('Qs4=');disp(Qs4);tt=[48.423546.351141.555733.379630.5564];figure(2)plot(Qs4,tt,'*')hold onxi=25:0.001:31;pp=interp1(Qs4,tt,xi,'cubic');plot(xi,pp)title('燃油经济性-加速时间曲线');xlabel('燃油经济性--等速百公里油耗(L/100km)');ylabel('动力性--原地起步加速时间(s)');gtext('5.17')gtext('5.43')gtext('5.83')gtext('6.17')gtext('6.33')%5挡发动机for i=1:5Ft1=Tq*ig5(1)*i0(i)/r;%各档对应转速下的驱动力Ft2=Tq*ig5(2)*i0(i)/r;Ft3=Tq*ig5(3)*i0(i)/r;Ft4=Tq*ig5(4)*i0(i)/r;Ft5=Tq*ig5(5)*i0(i)/r;u1=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(1));%各档对应转速下的车速u2=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(2));u3=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(3));u4=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(4));u5=0.377*r*n/(i0(i)*ig5(5));F1=m*g*f+CDA*u1.^2/21.15;%各档对应转速下的行驶阻力F2=m*g*f+CDA*u2.^2/21.15;F3=m*g*f+CDA*u3.^2/21.15;F4=m*g*f+CDA*u4.^2/21.15;F5=m*g*f+CDA*u5.^2/21.15;delta1=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(1).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);%汽车旋转质量换算系数delta2=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(2).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta3=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(3).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta4=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(4).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);delta5=1+(Iw+If.*ig5(5).^2.*i0(i).^2.*eta_t)./(m.*r.^2);a1=(Ft1-F1)/(delta1*m);%加速度a2=(Ft2-F2)/(delta2*m);a3=(Ft3-F3)/(delta3*m);a4=(Ft4-F4)/(delta4*m);a5=(Ft5-F5)/(delta5*m);b1=1./a1;%加速度倒数b2=1./a2;b3=1./a3;b4=1./a4;b5=1./a5;figure(3)subplot(2,3,i)plot(u1,b1,u2,b2,u3,b3,u4,b4,u5,b5);title('加速度倒数-速度曲线');xlabel('u')ylabel('1/a')gtext('1/a1')gtext('1/a2')gtext('1/a3')gtext('1/a4')gtext('1/a5')gtext(['i0='num2str(i0(i))]);%计算采用2挡起步加速至96.6km/h的原地起步加速时间u1min=min(u1);u1max=max(u1);u2min=u1max;u2min=min(u2);u2max=max(u2);u3min=u2max;u3max=max(u3);u4min=u3max;u4max=max(u4);u5min=u4max;u5max=96.6;x1=[];x2=[];x3=[];x4=[];x5=[];y=3401;for j=1:3401if u3(j)<=u3minx1=[j];endendq1=max(x1);ua3=u3(q1:y);a3=b3(q1:y);for k=1:3401if u4(k)<=u4minx2=[k];endendq2=max(x2);ua4=u4(q2:y);a4=b4(q2:y);for l=1:3401if u5(l)<=u5minx3=[l];elseif u5(l)<=u5maxx4=[l];endendq2=max(x2);q3=max(x3);q4=max(x4);ua5=u5(q3:q4);a5=b5(q3:q4);s2=trapz(b2,u2);%二挡运行时间s3=trapz(ua3,a3);%三挡运行时间s4=trapz(ua4,a4);%四挡运行时间s5=trapz(ua5,a5);%五挡运行时间s=[s2s3s4s5];t=sum(s)*1000/3600;%总时间disp('t=');disp(t);gtext(['t='num2str(t)'s']);Pe1=Ft1.*u1./3600;%各档对应转速下的功率Pe2=Ft2.*u2./3600;Pe3=Ft3.*u3./3600;Pe4=Ft4.*u4./3600;Pe5=Ft5.*u5./3600;endPemax=max([max(Pe1)max(Pe2)max(Pe3)max(Pe4)max(Pe4)]);%发动机最大功率disp('90％负荷');Pe=0.9*Pemax%90％负荷rou=0.7;Ua=0.377*r*3401./(i0.*ig4(4));B=[1233.9-84.4782.9788-0.0474490.00028230];%负荷特性曲线拟合公式系数，对应n=3403r/min for i=1:5b=B*[1Pe Pe^2Pe^3Pe^4]';%根据拟合公式计算比油耗Qs5(i)=Pe.*b./(1.02.*Ua(i).*rou.*g);%百公里油耗量enddisp('Qs5=');disp(Qs5);tt=[93.973058.283444.678445.366744.9793];figure(2)plot(Qs5,tt,'*')hold onxi=30:0.001:100;pp=interp1(Qs5,tt,xi,'cubic');plot(xi,pp)%title('燃油经济性-加速时间曲线');%xlabel('燃油经济性--等速百公里油耗(L/100km)');%ylabel('动力性--原地起步加速时间(s)');gtext('5.17')gtext('5.43')gtext('5.83')gtext('6.17')gtext('6.33')运行结果：t=48.4235t=46.3511t=41.5557t=33.3796t=30.556490％负荷Pe=55.5647Qs4=25.103126.365628.307829.958730.7356图1加速度倒数-速度曲线图2燃油经济性-加速时间曲线4.3%空载(no load)—1；满载(full load)—2m1=4080;m2=9290;hg1=0.845;hg2=1.170;L=3.950;a1=2.100;a2=2.950;b1=L-a1;b2=L-a2;beta=0.38;%利用附着系数与制动强度的关系曲线z=0:0.01:1;phi_f1=L*beta.*z./(b1+z*hg1);%前轮利用附着系数(空载)phi_r1=L*(1-beta).*z./(a1-z*hg1);%空载时后轮利用附着系数(空载)phi_f2=L*beta.*z./(b2+z*hg2);%前轮利用附着系数(满载)phi_r2=L*(1-beta).*z./(a2-z*hg2);%后轮利用附着系数(满载)phi=z;%最理想情况figure(1);plot(z,phi_f1,'g--',z,phi_f2,'g-',z,phi_r1,'b--',z,phi_r2,'b-',z,phi,'k-'); axis([0,1,0,1]);grid on;box off;axis square;title('利用附着系数与制动强度的关系曲线');xlabel('制动强度z/g');ylabel('利用附着系数{\phi}');%ECE法规要求界限hold on;z1=0.2:0.01:0.8;z2=0.15:0.01:0.3;z3=0.3:0.01:1;phi1=(z1+0.07)/0.85;phi2=z2-0.08;phi3=z2+0.08;phi4=(z3-0.02)/0.74;plot(z1,phi1,'r-.',z2,phi2,'r-.',z2,phi3,'r-.',z3,phi4,'r-.'); legend('{\phi}_{f}(空载)','{\phi}_{f}(满载)','{\phi}_{r}(空载)',...'{\phi}_{r}(满载)','{\phi}=z','ECE法规要求界限');legend('Location','northwest');%制动效率曲线Ef1=z./phi_f1*100;Er1=z./phi_r1*100;Ef2=z./phi_f2*100;Er2=z./phi_r2*100;figure(2);plot(phi_f1,Ef1,'k',phi_r1,Er1,'k',phi_f2,Ef2,'b',phi_r2,Er2,'b'); axis([0,1,0,100]);grid on;box off;axis square;title('制动效率曲线');xlabel('附着系数{\phi}');ylabel('制动效率(%)');text(0.25,90,'E_f');text(0.6,88,'满载');text(0.8,90,'E_r');text(0.7,65,'空载');text(0.72,72,'E_r');程序运行结果如下：图1图2 5.11L=3.048;K=0.0024;i=20;ua=0:0.01:120;f=1/L.*(1./(3.6./ua+K.*ua./3.6));syms uF(u)=(1/L.*(1./(1./u+K.*u)))./i;plot(ua,f,'b-');xlabel('u_a(km/h)');ylabel('\omega_r/\delta)_s');F(22.35)运行结果：ans=0.1667386094155036.2f=0.1:0.1:100;Gq1=5.12*10^(-5)./f.^2;Gq2=2.02*10^(-3).*f./f;Gq3=7.98*10^(-2).*f.^2;figure(1);loglog(f,Gq1,'b-');box off;axis square;title('位移功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_q(f)/(m^2s)');figure(2);loglog(f,Gq2,'b-');box off;axis square;title('速度功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_q_''(f)/(m^2/s)');figure(3);loglog(f,Gq3,'b-');box off;axis square;title('加速度功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_q_''_''(f)/(m^2/s^3)');运行结果如下：6.4f1=0.1:0.01:1;f2=1:0.01:10;G1=0.010106.*f1.^2;G2=0.010106.*f2./f2;loglog(f1,G1,'b-');hold onloglog(f2,G2,'b-');title('车身加速度的功率谱密度'); xlabel('f/Hz');ylabel('G_z_''_''(f)/m^-^1'); axis([0.1,10,0.0001,0.1]);运行结果如下：6.51.计算说明1）①幅频特性()122222114z q λζλγ⎡⎤-+⎢=⎢⎥∆⎣⎦，其中0ωλω=，()2222222111141λλγζλγλμμ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫∆=-+--+-⎢⎥⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦⎣⎦；()12222222211414z z ζλλζλ⎡⎤+⎢=⎢⎥-+⎣⎦；()1222222221414s s s s s p z ζλλζλ⎡⎤+⎢=⎢⎥-+⎣⎦，其中s s ωλω=；②均方根谱()()221~j 2z q H f f ωππ=；()()222~j 2z qH f f ωππ== ；()()2221~1j 2p qz z H f f z qωππ== ；③其他值()0.5360q q G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰ ，()0.536110z z G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰ ，()0.536220z z G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰ ，()0.5360a a G f df σ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰()()()()()()13622w 012222412.5362202412.5d 12.5 0.5d d 1d d 4a a a a a a W f G f f f G f f G f f G f f G f f f ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=+++⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰其中，()()()()()0.5 0.52 2441 412.512.512.536f f f W f f f f <<⎧⎪⎪<<⎪=⎨<<⎪⎪<<⎪⎩()aw w 020lg L a =2）见1）中计算式3）()()()22004q q q G f G G n n uωπ== ()()()1122363622d ~00d d dd f q q f q f H f G f f G f f q σ⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰ ，其中122d 12f q f γλπ⎡⎤=⎢⎥∆⎣⎦ ()()()1122363622d //~00d d dd F Gq q F G q F H f G f f G f f Gq σ⎡⎤⎡⎤==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰ ，其中122222d 1412F f Gq g λζλμπγ⎡⎤⎛⎫-+⎢⎥⎪+⎢⎥⎝⎭=⎢⎥∆⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦其余见1）中计算式2.程序清单1）f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega0=2*pi*f0;omega_s=2*pi*fs;lambda=omega./omega0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;%计算并绘制幅频特性delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;p_z2=((1+(2*zeta_s.*lambda_s).^2)./((1-lambda_s.^2).^2+(2*zeta_s.*...lambda_s).^2)).^0.5;figure(1)loglog(f,z1_q,'b-',0:0.1:100,(0:0.1:100)./(0:0.1:100),'g-');axis([0.1,100,0.1,10]);grid on ;title('z_1~q 的幅频特性');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$$|\frac{z_1}{q}|$$','Interpreter','latex');gtext('0:1');figure(2)loglog(f,z2_z1,'b-',0:0.1:1,(0:0.1:1)./(0:0.1:1),'g-',1:0.1:100,1./...(1:0.1:100),'g-');axis([0.1,100,0.01,10]);grid on;title('z_2~z_1的幅频特性');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$$|\frac{z_2}{z_1}|$$','Interpreter','latex'); gtext('0:1');gtext('-1:1');figure(3)loglog(f,p_z2,'b-');axis([0.1,100,0.01,10]);grid on;title('p~z_2的幅频特性');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$$|\frac{p}{z_2}|$$','Interpreter','latex');%计算并绘制均方根谱sqrt_Gq=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u);sqrt_Gz1=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z1_q;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sqrt_Ga=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*p_z2.*z2_z1.*z1_q; figure(4)loglog(f,sqrt_Gz1,'b-');grid on;title('车轮位移均方根谱');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$\sqrt{G_{z''''1}(f)}$','Interpreter','latex'); figure(5)loglog(f,sqrt_Gz2,'b-');grid on;title('车身位移均方根谱');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$\sqrt{G_{z''''2}(f)}$','Interpreter','latex'); figure(6)loglog(f,sqrt_Ga,'b-');grid on;title('传至人体的位移均方根谱');xlabel('激振频率f/Hz');ylabel('$\sqrt{G_a(f)}$','Interpreter','latex');%计算其它值sigma_q=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gq.^2));%路面不平度加速度均方根值sigma_z1=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz1.^2));%车轮加速度均方根值sigma_z2=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));%车身加速度均方根值sigma_a=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Ga.^2));%传至人体的加速度均方根值for i=1:Nif f(i)<=2W(i)=0.5;elseif f(i)<=4W(i)=f(i)/4;elseif f(i)<=12.5W(i)=1;elseW(i)=12.5/f(i);endendaw=sqrt(trapz(f,W.^2.*sqrt_Ga.^2));%加权加速度均方根值a0=10^(-6);Law=20*log10(aw/a0);%加权振级format shortdisp('路面不平度加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_q);disp('车轮加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_z1);disp('车身加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_z2);disp('传至人体的加速度均方根值=');disp(sigma_a);disp('加权加速度均方根值=');disp(aw);disp('加权振级=');disp(Law);2）%随fs变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=1.5:0.01:6;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda=omega./omega0;for i=1:length(fs)omega_s=2*pi.*fs(i);lambda_s=omega./omega_s;delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;p_z2=((1+(2*zeta_s.*lambda_s).^2)./((1-lambda_s.^2).^2+(2*zeta_s.*...lambda_s).^2)).^0.5;sqrt_Gq=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u);sqrt_Gz1=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z1_q;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sqrt_Ga=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*p_z2.*z2_z1.*z1_q;for j=1:Nif f(j)<=2W(j)=0.5;elseif f(j)<=4W(j)=f(j)/4;elseif f(j)<=12.5W(j)=1;elseW(j)=12.5/f(j);endendaw(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,W.^2.*sqrt_Ga.^2));enda0=10^(-6);Law=20*log10(aw/a0);figure(1)plot(fs,aw);grid ontitle('a_w随f_s的变化曲线');xlabel('f_s/Hz');ylabel('a_w/m·s^-^2');figure(2)plot(fs,Law);grid ontitle('L_aw随f_s的变化曲线');xlabel('f_s/Hz');ylabel('L_a_w/dB');%随zeta_s变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_ss=0.125:0.001:0.5;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega0=2*pi*f0;omega_s=2*pi.*fs;lambda=omega./omega0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;for i=1:length(zeta_ss)zeta_s=zeta_ss(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;p_z2=((1+(2*zeta_s.*lambda_s).^2)./((1-lambda_s.^2).^2+(2*zeta_s.*...lambda_s).^2)).^0.5;sqrt_Gq=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u);sqrt_Gz1=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z1_q;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sqrt_Ga=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*p_z2.*z2_z1.*z1_q;for j=1:Nif f(j)<=2W(j)=0.5;elseif f(j)<=4W(j)=f(j)/4;elseif f(j)<=12.5W(j)=1;elseW(j)=12.5/f(j);endendaw(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,W.^2.*sqrt_Ga.^2));enda0=10^(-6);Law=20*log10(aw/a0);figure(1)plot(zeta_ss,aw);grid ontitle('a_w随\zeta_s的变化曲线');xlabel('\zeta_s');ylabel('a_w/m·s^-^2');figure(2)plot(zeta_ss,Law);grid ontitle('L_aw随\zeta_s的变化曲线');xlabel('\zeta_s');ylabel('L_a_w/dB');3）%随f0变化f0=0.25:0.01:3;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(f0)omega0=2*pi*f0(i);lambda=omega./omega0;delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(f0==1.5);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(f0,sm_z2,f0,sm_fd,f0,sm_FdG);axis([0.25,3,-25,10]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随f_0变化的曲线');xlabel('f_0/Hz');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB'); legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');legend('Location','southeast');%随zeta变化f0=1.5;zeta0=0.125:0.001:0.5;gamma=9;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;lambda=omega./omega0;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(zeta0)zeta=zeta0(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(zeta0==0.25);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(zeta0,sm_z2,zeta0,sm_fd,zeta0,sm_FdG);axis([0.125,0.5,-4,4]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随\zeta变化的曲线');xlabel('\zeta');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB'); legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');%随gamma变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma0=4.5:0.1:18;mu=10;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;lambda=omega./omega0;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(gamma0)gamma=gamma0(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(gamma0==9);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(gamma0,sm_z2,gamma0,sm_fd,gamma0,sm_FdG);axis([4.5,18,-6,6]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随\gamma变化的曲线');xlabel('\gamma');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB'); legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');legend('Location','southeast');%随mu变化f0=1.5;zeta=0.25;gamma=9;mu0=5:0.1:20;fs=3;zeta_s=0.25;u=20;Gq_n0=2.56*10^(-8);n0=0.1;delta_f=0.2;N=180;f=delta_f*[1:N];omega=2*pi*f;omega_s=2*pi*fs;omega0=2*pi*f0;lambda_s=omega./omega_s;lambda=omega./omega0;Gq_f=4*pi^2*Gq_n0*n0^2*u;g=9.8;for i=1:length(mu0)mu=mu0(i);delta=((1-lambda.^2).*(1+gamma-1./mu.*lambda.^2)-1).^2+4*zeta^2.*lambda.^...2.*(gamma-(1./mu+1).*lambda.^2).^2;z1_q=gamma.*(((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./delta).^0.5;z2_z1=((1+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2)./((1-lambda.^2).^2+4*zeta.^2.*lambda.^2))....^0.5;sqrt_Gz2=4*pi^2.*f.*sqrt(Gq_n0*n0^2*u).*z2_z1.*z1_q;sigma_z2(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,sqrt_Gz2.^2));fd_q=gamma*lambda.^2./(2*pi.*f).*(1./delta).^0.5;sigma_fd(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*fd_q.^2));Fd_Gq=2*pi.*f.*gamma./g.*(((lambda.^2./(1+mu)-1).^2+4*zeta.^2*lambda.^2)..../delta).^0.5;sigma_FdG(i)=sqrt(trapz(f,Gq_f.*Fd_Gq.^2));endm=find(mu0==10);sgm_z2=sigma_z2(m);sgm_fd=sigma_fd(m);sgm_FdG=sigma_FdG(m);sm_z2=20*log10(sigma_z2/sgm_z2);sm_fd=20*log10(sigma_fd/sgm_fd);sm_FdG=20*log10(sigma_FdG/sgm_FdG);plot(mu0,sm_z2,mu0,sm_fd,mu0,sm_FdG);axis([5,20,-2,2]);grid on;title('各响应量均方根值随\mu变化的曲线');xlabel('\mu');ylabel('\sigma_z_''_''_2,\sigma_f_d,\sigma_F_d_/_G/dB');legend('\sigma_z_''_''_2','\sigma_f_d','\sigma_F_d_/_G');3.结果分析1）路面不平度加速度均方根值=0.3523车轮加速度均方根值=0.2391车身加速度均方根值=0.0168传至人体的加速度均方根值=0.0161加权加速度均方根值=0.0100加权振级=80.0287分析：根据课本中表6-2，a w=0.0100<0.315，L aw=80.0287<110，故乘客没有不舒适。

汽车理论课后题matlab程序

1.3n=600:1:4000; r=0.367; i0=5.83; eff=0.85; f=0.013;m=3880; g=9.8; G=m*g; CdA=2.77; a=1.947; hg=0.9; L=3.2;Iw1=1.798; Iw2=3.598; Iw=Iw1+Iw2; If=0.218;Ttq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1 000).^4;%驱动力行驶阻力平衡图for ig=[5.56,2.769,1.644,1.00,0.793]Ua=0.377*r*n/ig/i0;Ft=Ttq*ig*i0*eff/r;plot(Ua,Ft);hold on;endFf=G*f;ua=0:0.1:max(Ua);Fw=CdA*ua.^2/21.15;plot(ua,(Ff+Fw)); title('驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图'); xlabel('Ua/(km/h)');ylabel('Ft/N'); gtext('Ft1'),gtext('Ft2'),gtext('Ft3'),gtext('Ft4'),gtext('Ft5'),gtext('Ff+Fw')[x,y]=ginput(1); disp('汽车的最高车速');disp(x);disp('km/h');%最大爬坡度及最大爬坡度时的附着率Ua=0.377*r*n/5.56/i0;Ft=Ttq*5.56*i0*eff/r;Fw=CdA*Ua.^2/21.15;i=tan(asin((Ft-(Ff+Fw))/G));disp('汽车的最大爬坡度');disp(max(i));C=max(i)/(a/L+hg/L*max(i));disp('克服最大爬坡度时的附着率');disp(C);%加速度倒数曲线figure;for ig=[5.56,2.769,1.644,1.00,0.793]Ua=0.377*r*n/ig/i0;q=1+Iw/(m*r^2)+If*ig^2*i0^2*eff/(m*r^2);Ft=Ttq*ig*i0*eff/r;Fw=CdA*Ua.^2/21.15;as=(Ft-(Ff+Fw))/q/m;plot(Ua,1./as);hold on;endaxis([0 98 0 10]);title('行驶加速度倒数曲线');xlabel('Ua/(km/h)');ylabel('1/a'); gtext('1/a1'),gtext('1/a2'),gtext('1/a3'),gtext('1/a4'),gtext('1/a5'); %加速时间曲线u(1)=0.377*r*600/i0/2.769;dt=0.01;w=1;t(1)=0;ig=2.769; while(u(w)<99.08)n(w)=u(w)*ig*i0/0.377/r;Ttq(w)=-19.313+295.27*n(w)/1000-165.44*(n(w)/1000)^2+40.874*(n(w)/1000)^3-3.8445*(n(w)/1000)^4;Ft(w)=Ttq(w)*ig*i0*eff/r;Ff=G*f;Fw(w)=CdA*u(w)^2/21.15;q=1+Iw/(m*r^2)+If*ig^2*i0^2*eff/(m*r^2);a(w)=3.6*(Ft(w)-(Ff+Fw(w)))/q/m;u(w+1)=u(w)+a(w)*dt;if(u(w+1)>=0.377*4000*r/2.769/i0)ig=1.644;endif(u(w+1)>=0.377*4000*r/1.644/i0)ig=1.00;endif(u(w+1)>=0.377*4000*r/1.00/i0)ig=0.793;endt(w+1)=(w+1)*dt;w=w+1;endfigure;plot(t,u);axis([0 60 0 100]);title('2挡原地起步加速时间曲线');xlabel('时间t/s'),ylabel('车速u/(km/h)');[x1,y1]=ginput(1);disp('加速到70km/h 的时间');disp(x1);0204060801001202000400060008000100001200014000驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图Ua/(km/h)F t /N102030405060708090012345678910行驶加速度倒数曲线Ua/(km/h)1/a10203040506001020304050607080901002挡原地起步加速时间曲线时间t/s车速u /(k m /h)1.8Iw1=2.25; Iw2=2.25; Iw=Iw1+Iw2; If=0.25; m=1600; g=9.8;G=m*g; Ttqmax=140; i1=3.85; i0=4.08; eff=0.9; r=0.3; hg=0.63; b=1.25; L=2.7; q=1+Iw/(m*r^2)+If*i1^2*i0^2*eff/(m*r^2); Ft=Ttqmax*i1*i0*eff/r; a=Ft/q/m; q=a/g;C1=q/(b/L-hg/L*q); if(C1>0.6)disp('发动机转矩不能充分发挥'); elsedisp('发动机转矩能够充分发挥'); endb=(q/0.6+hg/L*q)*L;disp('调整后的b值');disp(b);disp('调整后的前轴负荷率'),disp(b/L);1.9Iw=3.6; If=0.22; m=2152; g=9.8; r=0.367; eff=0.9; i4=1; i0=4.55;amax=0.75; Ua=50/3.6; CdA=1.5;q=1+Iw/(m*r^2);f=q*0.59/3.6/g;disp('汽车在该路面上的滚动阻力系数');disp(f);q=1+Iw/(m*r^2)+If*i4^2*i0^2*eff/(m*r^2);D4max=f+q*amax/g;disp('最大动力因数');disp(D4max);Fw=CdA*Ua^2/21.15;D1max=(D4max*G+Fw)*i1/i4/G;imax=tan(asin((D1max-f*sqrt(1-D1max^2+f^2))/(1+f^2)));disp('最大爬坡度'),disp(imax);2.7n=600:1:4000; r=0.367; i0=5.83; eff=0.85; f=0.013;CdA=2.77;m=3880; g=9.8;G=m*g;Ttq=-19.313+295.27*n/1000-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1 000).^4;for ig=[5.56,2.769,1.644,1.00,0.793]Ua=0.377*r*n/ig/i0;Pe=Ttq.*n/9550;plot(Ua,Pe);hold on;endUa=0:0.1:max(Ua);Pf=G*f*Ua/3600;Pw=CdA*Ua.^3/76140;plot(Ua,(Pf+Pw)/eff);title('汽车的功率平衡图'),xlabel('Ua/(km/h)'),ylabel('P/kw');%等速百公里燃油消耗n1=[815,1207,1614,2012,2603,3006,3403,3804];b0=[1326.8,1354.7,1284.4,1122.9,1141.0,1051.2,1233.9,1129.7];b1=[-416.46,-303.98,-189.75,-121.59,-98.893,-73.714,-84.478,-45.291] ;b2=[72.379,36.657,14.524,7.0035,4.4763,2.8593,2.9788,0.71113];b3=[-5.8629,-2.0553,-0.51184,-0.18517,-0.091077,-0.05138,-0.047449,-0.00075215 ];b4=[0.17768,0.043072,0.0068164,0.0018555,0.00068906,0.00035032,0.00028230,-0 .000038568];B0=spline(n1,b0,n); B1=spline(n1,b1,n); B2=spline(n1,b2,n); B3=spline(n1,b3,n);B4=spline(n1,b4,n);deng=7;figure;for ig=[1.00,0.793]Ua=0.377*r*n/ig/i0;Pf=G*f*Ua/3600;Pw=CdA*Ua.^3/76140;P=(Pf+Pw)/eff;b=B0+B1.*P+B2.*P.^2+B3.*P.^3+B4.*P.^4;Q=P.*b./(1.02*Ua*deng);plot(Ua,Q);hold on;endaxis([0 100 12 28]);title('最高挡与次高挡等速百公里油耗曲线'),xlabel('Ua/(km/h)'),ylabel('百公里油耗Qs/(L/100km)');204060801001200102030405060708090100汽车的功率平衡图Ua/(km/h)P /k w020406080100121416182022242628最高挡与次高挡等速百公里油耗曲线Ua/(km/h)百公里油耗Q s /(L /100k m )4.3beta=0.38; L=3.95; a1=2.1; b1=L-a1; hg1=0.845; a2=2.95; b2=L-a2; hg2=1.17;g=9.8; z=0:0.01:1;faif1=beta*z./(1/L*(b1+z*hg1));fair1=(1-beta)*z./(1/L*(a1-z*hg1));faif2=beta*z./(1/L*(b2+z*hg2));fair2=(1-beta)*z./(1/L*(a2-z*hg2));plot(z,faif1,'r',z,fair1,'g',z,faif2,'b',z,fair2,'k');fai=0:0.01:1;Ef1=(b1/L)./(beta-fai*hg1/L);Er1=(a1/L)./((1-beta)+fai*hg1/L);Ef2=(b2/L)./(beta-fai*hg2/L);Er2=(a2/L)./((1-beta)+fai*hg2/L);figure;plot(fai,Ef1,'r',fai,Er1,'g',fai,Ef2,'b',fai,Er2,'k'); axis([0 1 0 1]);fai=0.8;Er1=(a1/L)/((1-beta)+fai*hg1/L);Er2=(a2/L)/((1-beta)+fai*hg2/L);abmax1=fai*Er1*g;abmax2=fai*Er2*g;t21=0.02; t22=0.2; u0=30;s1=1/3.6*(t21+t22/2)*u0+u0^2/25.92/abmax1; s2=1/3.6*(t21+t22/2)*u0+u0^2/25.92/abmax2; disp('空载时的制动距离'),disp(s1);disp('满载时的制动距离'),disp(s2);%前部管路损坏时制动距离z1=a1*fai/(L+fai*hg1); z2=a2*fai/(L+fai*hg2);abmax1=z1*g; abmax2=z2*g;s1=1/3.6*(t21+t22/2)*u0+u0^2/25.92/abmax1;s2=1/3.6*(t21+t22/2)*u0+u0^2/25.92/abmax2;disp('前部管路损坏时空载制动距离');disp(s1);disp('前部管路损坏时满载制动距离');disp(s2);%后部管路损坏时的制动距离z1=b1*fai/(L-fai*hg1);z2=b2*fai/(L-fai*hg2);abmax1=z1*g; abmax2=z2*g;s1=1/3.6*(t21+t22/2)*u0+u0^2/25.92/abmax1;s2=1/3.6*(t21+t22/2)*u0+u0^2/25.92/abmax2;disp('后部管路损坏时空载制动距离');disp(s1);disp('后部管路损坏时满载制动距离');disp(s2);4.5hg=0.63; b=1.25; L=2.7; beta=0.65; fai=0.7; g=9.8;fai0=(L*beta-b)/hg;if(fai<fai0)disp('前轮先抱死,制动效率为'); E=(b/L)/(beta-fai*hg/L); elsedisp('后轮先抱死,制动效率为'); E=(a/L)/((1-beta)+fai*hg/L);disp('最大制动减速度'),disp(E*fai*g);disp('a)、b)、c)的双回路制动系统制动系增益都为G');disp('1回路失效时，a)、b)、c)的制动系增益分别为0.35,0.5,0.5');disp('1回路失效时，a)、b)、c)的制动系增益分别为0.65,0.5,0.5');disp('a)中1回路失效时最大制动强度');zmax1=a*fai/(L+fai*hg)disp('a)中1回路失效时制动效率');disp(zmax1/fai)disp('a)中1回路失效时最大制动减速度');abmax1=zmax1*gdisp('a)中2回路失效时最大制动强度');zmax2=a*fai/(L+fai*hg)disp('a)中1回路失效时制动效率');disp(zmax1/fai)disp('a)中2回路失效时最大制动减速度');abmax2=zmax2*gdisp('b)或c)中1或2回路失效时最大制动强度');z=fai*b/(2*L*beta-fai*hg)disp('b)或c)中1或2回路失效时最大制动减速度');abmax=z*gdisp('b)或c)中1或2回路失效时制动效率');disp(z/fai)disp('双回路系统a制动系增益最大，一个回路失效时的最大制动减速度也比b、c大，所以其性能较优')disp('b和c制动系增益相同,两者在一个回路失效时的制动效率相同。

汽车理论1.3和2.7matlab编程答案

孙野 200812681.3（1）绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图选用5挡变速器进行整车性能计算发动机转速与汽车行驶速度之间的关系：0377.0i i rn u g a = 发动机使用外特性的T q -n 曲线拟合公式：432)1000(8445.3)1000(874.40)1000(44.165)1000(27.295313.19n n n n T q -+-+-=汽车驱动力：ri i T F Tg q t η0=行驶阻力：2215.2115.21a D a D j w i f u A C mgf dt du m u A C Gi Gf F F F F +=+++=+++δ用matlab 编写程序如下： m1=2000; m2=1800; mz=3880; g=9.81; r=0.367; CdA=2.77; f=0.013; nT=0.85; ig=[5.56 2.769 1.644 1.00 0.793];i0=5.83; If=0.218; Iw1=1.798; Iw2=3.598; %输入已知参数 Iw=2*Iw1+4*Iw2; fori=1:69n(i)=(i+11)*50;Ttq(i)=-19.313+295.27*(n(i)/1000)-165.44*(n(i)/1000)^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000)^3-3.8445*(n(i)/1000)^4; end %从600~4000rpm 油拟合公式计算发动机转距 for j=1:5 fori=1:69Ft(i,j)=Ttq(i)*ig(j)*i0*nT/r; ua(i,j)=0.377*r*n(i)/(ig(j)*i0);Fz(i,j)=CdA*ua(i,j)^2/21.15+mz*g*f;endend%计算各档位下的驱动力和行驶阻力plot(ua,Ft,ua,Fz)title('汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图'); xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('Ft(N)');%作汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图得到汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图如下：（2）①计算汽车最高车速Matlab程序如下：for k=1:175 n1(k)=3300+k*0.1;Ttq(k)=-19.313+295.27*(n1(k)/1000)-165.44*(n1(k)/1000)^2+40.874*(n1(k)/1000)^33.8445*(n1(k)/1000)^4;Ft(k)=Ttq(k)*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua(k)=0.377*r*n1(k)/(ig(5)*i0);Fz(k)=CdA*ua(k)^2/21.15+mz*g*f;E(k)=abs((Ft(k)-Fz(k)));end%从3300rpm开始以0.1rpm为步长搜索直到找到for k=1:175 %驱动力与行驶阻力之差绝对值最小点(Ⅴ档处) if(E(k)==min(E))%通过其他检验程序可估计出该点大致位置(3310rpm附近) disp('汽车最高车速='); disp(ua(k));disp('km/h');end%输出结果end汽车最高车速=98.7627km/h计算得汽车最高车速为98.7627km/h。

汽车理论编程作业1.2.3章

汽车理论编程作业1.2.3章汽车理论作业：第⼀章1.3选四档变速器，⽤MATLAB语⾔驱动⼒与⾏驶阻⼒平衡图m1=2000;m2=1800;mz=3880;g=9.81;f=0.013;n=600:1:4000;nt=0.85;r=0.367;i0=5.83;ig1=6.09;ig2=3.09;ig3=1.71;ig4=1.00;ua1=0.377*r.*n/(ig1.*i0);ua2=0.377*r.*n/(ig2.*i0);ua3=0.377*r.*n/(ig3.*i0);ua4=0.377*r.*n/(ig4.*i0);tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4; ft1=tq.*ig1.*i0.*nt/r; ft2=tq.*ig2.*i0.*nt/r;ft3=tq.*ig3.*i0.*nt/r;ft4=tq.*ig4.*i0.*nt/r;fz1=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua1.^2/21.15; %fz=Ff+Fwfz2=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua2.^2/21.15;fz3=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua3.^2/21.15;fz4=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua4.^2/21.15;plot(ua1,ft1,ua2,ft2,ua3,ft3,ua4,ft4,ua1,fz1,ua2,fz2,ua3,fz3,ua4,fz4);title('驱动⼒与⾏驶阻⼒平衡图');Xlabel('ua(km/h)');Ylabel('ft(N)');m1=2000;m2=1800;mz=3880;g=9.81;f=0.013;k=600:1:4000;n(k)=k;nt=0.85;r=0.367;i0=5.83;ig1=6.09;ig2=3.09;ig3=1.71;ig4=1.00;ua1(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig1.*i0);ua2(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig2.*i0);ua3(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig3.*i0);ua4(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig4.*i0);tq(k)=-19.313+295.27*(n(k)/1000)-165.44*(n(k)/1000).^2+40.874*(n(k)/1000).^3-3.8445*(n(k)/10 00).^4; ft1(k)=tq(k).*ig1.*i0.*nt/r;ft2(k)=tq(k).*ig2.*i0.*nt/r;ft3(k)=tq(k).*ig3.*i0.*nt/r;ft4(k)=tq(k).*ig4.*i0.*nt/r;fz1(k)=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua1(k).^2/21.15; %fz=Ff+Fwfz2(k)=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua2(k).^2/21.15;fz3(k)=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua3(k).^2/21.15;fz4(k)=mz.*g.*f+2.77*ua4(k).^2/21.15;ua4=max(ua4(k))disp('汽车的最⾼车速=');disp(ua4);disp('km/h');得到汽车的最⾼车速=94.9290(km/h)最⼤坡度和相应的附着率k=600:1:4000;f=0.013;l=3.2;a=1.947;n(k)=knt=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;i0=5.83;m=3880;g=9.81;G=m.*g;CDA=2.77;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;ig1=6.09;ua1(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig1.*i0);tq(k)=-19.313+295.27*(n(k)/1000)-165.44*(n(k)/1000).^2+40.874*(n(k)/1000).^3-3.8445*(n(k)/10 00).^4; b1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig1.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2);ft1(k)=tq(k).*ig1.*i0.*nt/r;fw1(k)=CDA.*(ua1(k).^2)/21.15;D1(k)=(ft1(k)-fw1(k))./G;i(k)=D1(k)-fi=max(i(k));q=i.*l./a;disp('汽车的最⼤爬坡度=');disp(i);disp('最⼤爬坡度相应的附着率=');disp(q);得计算结果：汽车的最⼤爬坡度=0.3648最⼤爬坡度相应的附着率=0.5995加速度倒数曲线n=600:1:4000;nt=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;i0=5.83;m=3880;g=9.81;G=m.*g;CDA=2.77;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;ig1=6.09;ig2=3.09;ig3=1.71;ig4=1.00;ua1=0.377*r.*n/(ig1.*i0);ua2=0.377*r.*n/(ig2.*i0);ua3=0.377*r.*n/(ig3.*i0);ua4=0.377*r.*n/(ig4.*i0);tq=-19.313+295.27*(n/1000)-165.44*(n/1000).^2+40.874*(n/1000).^3-3.8445*(n/1000).^4;b1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig1.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2); b2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig2.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2); b3=1+ (Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig3.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2); b4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig4.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2);ft1=tq.*ig1.*i0.*nt/r;ft2=tq.*ig2.*i0.*nt/r;ft3=tq.*ig3.*i0.*nt/r;ft4=tq.*ig4.*i0.*nt/r;fw1=CDA.*(ua1.^2)/21.15;fw2=CDA.*(ua2.^2)/21.15;fw3=CDA.*(ua3.^2)/21.15;fw4=CDA.*(ua4.^2)/21.15;D1=(ft1-fw1)./G;D2=(ft2-fw2)./G;D3=(ft3-fw3)./G;D4=(ft4-fw4)./G;a1=g.*(D1-f)/b1;a2=g.*(D2-f)/b2;a3=g.*(D3-f)/b3;a4=g.*(D4-f)/b4;plot(ua1,1./a1,ua2,1./a2,ua3,1./a3,ua4,1./a4); title('加速度倒数曲线图');Xlabel('ua(km/h)');Ylabel('1/a(m/s^2)');加速时间k=600:1:4000;n(k)=k;nt=0.85;r=0.367;f=0.013;i0=5.83;m=3880;g=9.81;G=m.*g;CDA=2.77;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;ig2=3.09;ig3=1.71;ig4=1.00;ua2(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig2.*i0);ua3(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig3.*i0);ua4(k)=0.377*r.*n(k)/(ig4.*i0);tq(k)=-19.313+295.27*(n(k)/1000)-165.44*(n(k)/1000).^2+40.874*(n(k)/1000).^3-3.8445*(n(k)/10 00).^4; b2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig2.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2);b3=1+(Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig3.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2);b4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)./(m.*r.^2)+(If.*ig4.^2.*i0.^2.*nt)/(m.*r.^2);ft2(k)=tq(k).*ig2.*i0.*nt/r;ft3(k)=tq(k).*ig3.*i0.*nt/r;ft4(k)=tq(k).*ig4.*i0.*nt/r;fw2(k)=CDA.*(ua2(k).^2)/21.15;fw3(k)=CDA.*(ua3(k).^2)/21.15;fw4(k)=CDA.*(ua4(k).^2)/21.15;D2(k)=(ft2(k)-fw2(k))./G;D3(k)=(ft3(k)-fw3(k))./G;D4(k)=(ft4(k)-fw4(k))./G;a2(k)=g.*(D2(k)-f)/b2;a3(k)=g.*(D3(k)-f)/b3;a4(k)=g.*(D4(k)-f)/b4;t2=trapz(ua2(k),a2(k));t3=trapz(ua3(k),a3(k));t4=trapz(ua4(k),a4(k));tz=(t2+t3+t4)/3.6;disp('加速时间为');disp(tz);得加速时间为：27.4156 s第⼆章2.7题的程序:m=3880;g=9.8;r=0.367;nt=0.85;f=0.013;CdA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;ig=[6.09 3.09 1.71 1];nd=400;Qid=0.299;nn=[815 1207 1614 2012 2603 3006 3403 3804];for i=1:69n(i)=(i+11)*50;Tq(i)=-19.313+295.27*(n(i)/1000)-165.44*(n(i)/1000).^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000).^3-3.8445*(n(i)/1000 ).^4;endfor j=1:4for i=1:69ua(i,j)=0.377.*r.*n(i)/(ig(j).*i0);Pe(i,j)=Tq(i).*ig(j).*i0.*nt.*ua(i,j)/(3600.*r);Pfw(i,j)=(m.*g.*f.*ua(i,j)/3600+CdA.*ua(i,j).^3/76140)/nt;endendplot(ua,Pe,ua,Pfw)title('功率平衡图');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('Pe,Pfw(kw)');功率平衡图如图：最⾼档与次⾼档的等速百公⾥油耗曲线m=3880;g=9.8;r=0.367;nt=0.85;f=0.013;CdA=2.77;i0=5.83;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;ig=[6.09 3.09 1.71 1];nd=400;Qid=0.299;nn=[815 1207 1614 2012 2603 3006 3403 3804];for j=1:4for i=1:8Tq1(i)=-19.313+295.27*(nn(i)/1000)-165.44*(nn(i)/1000).^2+40.874*(nn(i)/1000).^3-3.8445*(nn(i )/1000).^4; ua1(i,j)=0.377*nn(i).*r./(ig(j).*i0);Pe1(i,j)=Tq(i).*ig(j).*i0.*ua1(i,j)/(3600.*r);Pfw(i,j)=(m.*g.*f.*ua1(i,j)/3600+CdA.*ua1(i,j).^3/76140)/nt;endendb(1)=0.17768*Pe1(1)^4-5.8629*Pe1(1)^3+72.379*Pe1(1)^2-416.46*Pe1(1)+1326.8;b(2)=0.043072*Pe1(2)^4-2.0553*Pe1(2)^3+36.657*Pe1(2)^2-303.98*Pe1(2)+1354.7;b(3)=0.0068164*Pe1(3)^4-0.51184*Pe1(3)^3+14.524*Pe1(3)^2-189.75*Pe1(3)+1284.4;b(4)=0.0018555*Pe1(4)^4-0.18517*Pe1(4)^3+7.0035*Pe1(4)^2-121.59*Pe1(4)+1122.9;b(5)=0.00068906*Pe1(5)^4-0.091077*Pe1(5)^3+4.4763*Pe1(5)^2-98.893*Pe1(5)+1141.0;b(6)=0.00035032*Pe1(6)^4-0.05138*Pe1(6)^3+2.8593*Pe1(6)^2-73.714*Pe1(6)+1051.2;b(7)=0.00028230*Pe1(7)^4-0.047449*Pe1(7)^3+2.9788*Pe1(7)^2-84.478*Pe1(7)+1233.9;b(8)=-0.000038568*Pe1(8)^4-0.00075215*Pe1(8)^3+0.71113*Pe1(8)^2-45.291*Pe1(8)+1129.7;v3=ua1(:,3)';v4=ua1(:,4)';for s=1:8Qs3(s)=Pfw(s,3)/0.85.*b(s)/(1.02*v3(s)*7);%次⾼挡，%取密度和g的乘积为7.0kg*m/(L*s^2)Qs4(s)=Pfw(s,4)/0.85.*b(s)/(1.02*v4(s)*7);%最⾼挡endfigureplot(v3,Qs3,'-','markersize',14);hold onplot(v4,Qs4,'-','markersize',14);hold offtitle('等速百公⾥油耗曲线');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('Qs(L/100km)');四档三档第三章m=3880;g=9.8;r=0.367;nt=0.85;f=0.013;CdA=2.77;If=0.218;Iw1=1.798;Iw2=3.598;ig=[6.09 3.09 1.71 1];L=3.2;a=1.947;hg=0.9;i0=[5.17 5.43 5.83 6.17 6.33];%选取最⾼挡，转速n=3403r/min,Pe=60kw，对应的油耗⽐较经济B=0.00028230*Pe^4-0.047449*Pe^3+2.9788*Pe^2-84.478*Pe+1233.9;for s=1:5ua0(s)=0.377*r*3403/(ig(4)*i0(s)); %设各个i0值对应的速度在该情况下为ua0Qs(s)=Pe*B/(1.02*ua0(s)*7.0); %求出各i0值的等速百公⾥油耗endfor i=1:69n(i)=(i+11)*50;Tq(i)=-19.313+295.27*(n(i)/1000)-165.44*(n(i)/1000).^2+40.874*(n(i)/1000).^3-3.8445*(n(i)/10 00).^4; endfor s=1:5 %求各个i0值对应的加速⾄最⾼速时间，从1挡起步for j=1:4 %求加速度倒数曲线for i=1:69deta(j)=1+(Iw1+Iw2) /(m.*r.^2)+If.*ig(j).^2.*i0(s).^2.*nt/(m.*r.^2);ua(i,j)=0.377.*r.*n(i)/(ig(j).*i0(s));Ft(i,j)=Tq(i).*ig(j).*i0(s).*nt/r;Fw(i,j)=CdA.*ua(i,j).^2/21.15;a(i,j)=(Ft(i,j)-Fw(i,j)-m.*g.*f)/(deta(j)*m);b(i,j)=1/a(i,j); %b(i,j)为加速度倒数函数endendk=-1;i=1;while(k<0)k=ua(i,2)-ua(69,1);i=i+1;endw=i-1; %w为从1挡换⾄2挡时的转速的⾃变量k=-1;i=1;while (k<0)k=ua(i,3)-ua(69,2);i=i+1;endx=i-1; %x为换⾄3挡时的转速的⾃变量k=-1;i=1;while (k<0)k=ua(i,4)-ua(69,3);i=i+1;y=i-1; %y为换⾄4挡时的转速的⾃变量t(s)=ua(1,1)*b(1,1); %1挡600r／min前的加速时间for i1=2:69 %1挡加速时间t1(i1)=0.5*(ua(i1,1)-ua(i1-1,1))*(b(i1,1)+b(i1-1,1)); t(s)=t(s)+t1(i1);endt(s)=t(s)+(ua(w,2)-ua(69,1))*b(w,2);for i2=w:69 %2挡加速时间t2(i2)=0.5*(ua(i2,2)-ua(i2-1,2))*(b(i2,2)+b(i2-1,2)); t(s)=t(s)+t2(i2);endt(s)=t(s)+(ua(x,3)-ua(69,2))*b(x,3);for i3=x:69 %3挡加速时间t3(i3)=0.5*(ua(i3,3)-ua(i3-1,3))*(b(i3,3)+b(i3-1,3));t(s)=t(s)+t3(i3);endt(s)=t(s)+(ua(y,4)-ua(69,3))*b(y,4);for i4=y:69 %4挡加速⾄最⾼速时间t4(i4)=0.5*(ua(i4,4)-ua(i4-1,4))*(b(i4,4)+b(i4-1,4));t(s)=t(s)+t4(i4);endt(s)=t(s)/3.6; %把时间单位从(km·s^2)/(m·h)转为send %对应上⾯的“for s=1:5”disp('各i0值对应的加速时间');disp(t);plot(Qs,t,'-')title('燃油经济性⼀加速时间曲线');xlabel('Qs(L)');ylabel('t(s)');%从曲线图可以看出，i0值越⼤，汽车加速性能越好，但燃油经济性越差。

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