大学英语语法之ellipsis.ppt
M8 Unit2 GrammarEllipsis(zlp)
thefirst words inin blue 3. Class 4 won the prize the Singing Competition and Class 1 won the second.
Tip 2:
在并列句中，相同 的成分，如主 语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略。
1. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________. A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 2. In the car accident the child was hurt, but ____. A. the mother is killed B. the mother killed C. the mother being killed D. the mother has killed
解题思路：确定主句主语---非谓语V与主语关系 (主/被动)---动词间的先后顺序
Point 4 动词不定式的省略 Right or wrong? 1. Tom: Would you like to have lunch with me? Jane: Yes, I’d like to. 2. Don’t tell me your test results if you don’t want to tell. tell me your results. 3. Tom: Are you a member of the Student Union? Jane: No, but I want _______. to be 4. ---He hasn’t gone to the office up to now. to have ---Well, he ought________.
Ellipsis(Good)
3. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; A ___, I wouldn‘t dare to travel in his car. A. even so B. even though C. therefore D. so 4. --- Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? --- As I know, he spends at least as B much time playing as he____ . A.writes B. does writing
I guess not.
注:I hope so的否定式只能用I hope not, 不可用I don‗t hope so.
1. ––―I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.‖ D –––– ―Oh! I _______.‖ A. do not hope so B. do not hope to C. hope not so D. hope not 2. –--―Is Professor Tate very sick?‖ ----―I‘m afraid _______.‖ A A. so B. this C. to D. that
8. — What time do you go to school every day ? go to school at 7:30 every day. – IAt 7:30 . 9.—How old are you ? —I‘m thirty-six.( years old ) –What time is it? –It is eight ( o‘clock) .
省略句ellipsis
省略句ellipsis为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）种类例句说明主语的省略Beautiful day (= It is a beautifulday), isn’t it?Pity we live so far from the sea. (It isa pity we live so far from the sea.)有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语，只保留次要成分。
She was poor but (she was)honest.--Did you know anythingabout the accident?--Not until you told me. (=I didn’t know anythingabout it until you told me.)谓语的省略--what do you think made Mary so upset?--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset).状语从句的省略when the house is seen from theplane, the house looks like tiny toys.If (it is) possible, I’ll go there withyou.条件1:主从句主语一致，从句的谓语动词含有be动词。
条件2:从句的主语是it，从句的谓语动词包含be动词。
不定式的省略The boy wanted to ride his bicycle inthe street, but his mother told himnot to. (not to ride his bicycle in thestreet.)--Alice, why didn’t you comeyesterday?--I was going to (come yesterday),but I had an unexpected visitor.若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定式后含有动词be的结构时，也要保留be动词。
21-22版：Grammar—Ellipsis (步步高)
4.当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，to后的内容常可省略。常见的动词有 agree ， afford ， expect ， forget ， hope ， know ， manage ， pretend ， remember，refuse，want，wish等。 I would do it for you，but I don’t know how to (do it for you). 我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。 5.介词but，except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式省 略to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。
3.多个不定式并列时，从第二个不定式开始，可以省略不定式符号to。但若两 个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则 and (to) wait for a moment. 我告诉他坐下等一会儿。 To go home or to stay at school during the weekend has not been decided. 周末回家还是待在学校还没有决定。
7.Although ordered (order) to stop，the driver kept on driving as fast as he could. 8.He had a wonderful childhood when travelling (travel) with his mother to all corners of the world. 9.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.If so ，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
译林英语选修8Unit2Ellipsis (共24张PPT)
2.从句中从属连词词的的省略
（2）虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，但从句要倒装
1、 Had we been here a bit earlier, we
__________ able to catch the last bus.
A. must have been B. would have been
C. had been
2. Although (he was) punished, he didn’t care about it at all.
1）.在状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致
且后面跟有be动词时，可省去“主语+be”部分。
1. 状语从句中的主谓省略
1. Remove clothing using scissors if it is necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
The boss made the workers work all day and all night.
The workers were made to work all day and all night.
(1)、Mr. White was seen ______ the Palace
Museum.
A．What it was
B．When was it
C．When it was
D．What was it
三、（简单句）习惯省略
2.在密切联系的语境中(上下文)，为避免重复，下 文句子中作宾语或宾语补足语成分与前文相同， 可以将相同的部分省略，用to代替整个词组。
e.g. （1）、I meant to write to you, but forgot to.
ELLIPSIS
8. --- Would you like some wine? C --- Yes, just ________. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a few
1.---Does your brother intend to study German? B. ---Yes, he intends______. A/ B.to C.so D.that
2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the A. street, but his mother told him ________. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
exercise
1.She can swim under water longer than I can swim under water. 1.They discussed whether they should stay in the house or they should try the open air. 3.They had a meal, they went out for a walk and then they came back to sleep. 4. Don’t bathe if you don’t to bathe. 5.I don’t visit my parents as much as I ought to visit my parents.
Unit 5
GRAMMAR
ELLIPSIS (省略）
读下列句子，说你的感觉。
1. This radio works well , but that one doesn’t work well . 2. When water is pure, water is a colorless liquid. 3. Are you ready ? Yes, I am ready .
【绝对精品】英语语法23-替代和省略-Substitution and Ellipsis
Uses of one/ ones as Substitutes
1
Judy broke the coffee-pot, so she has to
buy another (one).
Some of your answers were correct, but
5
2 I can’t remember which (ones).
• I need this dictionary, but I
can’t afford it. (specific
3
reference)
• I need a good dictionary, but
Generic reference I can’t afford one. (generic
reference)
I can’t write properly with your pen; I’d rather use my own.
You have four children. I have only two.
Uses of one/ ones as Substitutes
1 2
Compare: • I need this dictionary, but I can’t afford that. (specific reference)
Uses of one/ ones as Substitutes
1 To replace a countable noun or noun phrase, for personal as well as non-personal reference.
The new design is much better than the old one.
英语语法之反身代词
presence are the same person or thing, and they match the
gender or nature of that person or thing
Ourselves
Definition
"Ourselves" is a reflective professor that refers back to the group that includes the speaker and at least one other person
01
Overview of reflective pronouns
Definition and characteristics
01
02
Definition: Reflexive proofs are proofs that end in "- self" or "helps" and are used when the subject and object of a verb are the same
Yourselves
Definition
"Yourselves" is a reflexive pronoun that refers back to the group being addressed
Example
"You should all take care of yourself."
Usage notes
Yourself
Definition
"Yourself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers back to the person being addressed It is used when the subject and the object of the presence are the same person
Grammar – Ellipsis 优质教学课件
Grammar – Ellipsis (省略）
为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中 某些成分有时可以省略。省略 可分为以下几种情况：
Activity 1: 读一读 教材原句重现
• ①These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.
Let’s
Lgeraarmn!mar
Ellipsis
Learning Aims
• To understand what parts of the sentences can be omitted（省略 ）?
• To be able to use ellipsis to do choices/read comprehensions/make dialogues
4.----Goodbye, John. Come back again
sometimes.
----Sure._____.
A. I did B. I do C.I shall D. I will
5.He dressed up and went to the party
as if _____.
A. was invited B. had been invited
More tea? Doesn’t matter.
Would you like some more tea?
It doesn’t matter.
Pity you couldn’t It’s a pity that you
come.
couldn’t come.
Sounds fine to me. It sounds fine to me.
5.ellipsis
Chapter 5 EllipsisI. 简单句中的省略：1.名词性省略(nominal ellipsis),verbal ellipsis,（动词性省略）clausal ellipsis（从句省略）:Examples: (1) There are four flights to New York today.Let’s take the earliest (flight).Why gave me two cups of coffee? I only ask for one (cup of coffee).verbal ellipsis (head word,auxiliary,the whole verb phrase,other sentenceelements such as subject ,object and adverbal ).(2) What have you been doing ? (I have been ) White washing thefence..2.祈使句中往往省略主语：Suppose we set out tomorrow morning .3.在以开头的感叹句中，常省略句中的主语和连系动词What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Wilma.4.在独立主格中的being and having been 可以省略:The meeting (being ) over ,the delegates went away by twos and threes.This (having )been disposed of ,I turned to do sth else.5.并列复合句中的省略：（1）如果主语不同，而谓语动词的操作词相同，边可省略后一个操作词，有时还可连同其他助动词一起省略。
John should clean the shed and Peter (should) mow the lawn.(2) 如果主语相同，主动词也相同，便可省略主语和主动词：His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Maryangry.(3) 如果主语不同，主动词及其补足成分相同，便可省略主动词及其补足成分。
Ellipsis(省略)PPT优秀课件
(1) I'd like you to be here ten minutes earlier tomorrow, if you could（∮）.
(2) John brought some carnations, and Catherine （∮） some roses.
• (4) They've put some chocolate aside for you：six bars of plain（∮） and six of fruit and nut（∮）(head
word).
3
• More examples, and check which part is omitted. • 1.I like the blue hat whereas Mary prefers the
• (4) Tom will be praying，but I don't think Martin will(be) （∮）.
• (5) When Shirley resigns from the committee，I'm sure that a number of other people will(（∮）too)．
• In clausal ellipsis，the elements that can be omitted are :
• the predication in finite clauses，
• the predicate(only in certain constructionses，
• Cataphoric ellipsis typically occurs in front of Placed subordinate clauses,such as, “Having not known what to do, he asked the teacher for help.”
大学英语语法之ellipsis.ppt
❖ Definition:
Ellipsis is the omission of the item(word, phrase or part of speech) for avoiding repetition and achieving textual cohesion.
--He came up, (he) sat down, and (he) stared at me. --I'm happy if you are (happy). --He always wakes up earlier than I (wake up). --Don't tell me if you don't want to (tell me).
Ellipsis in some clauses
In clauses introduced by as, than, when, while, if, unless, though, once, if “be” is the predicate and the subject in the subordinate clause and that in the main clause are the same, the subject in subordinate clause and verb “be” could be ommitted under either situation
--As (he was) a student he had known great poverty. --He is taller than I (am). --When (it is) taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. --While (I was) eating my lunch, I heard a loud noise. --If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. --It looks as if ( it is) going to rain. --She is as tall as her mother ( is ). --Unless (I am) compelled to stay in by bad weather, I go for a walk every day.
省略(Ellipsis)
省略(Ellipsis)Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）Look at these sentences and decide with your partner which words have been left out.A. Sounds like a good idea.B. Doesn' t matter.C. Pardon?.D. Like some more tea?E. Pity you can’t come.F. I' ll be glad to if invited to the party.G. ---Do you know her telephone number? ---No, I’ve forgotten.H .What a beautiful picture!Some of the words in the following sentences are unnecessary. Cross them out❖ A. They took photos, they swam and they played.❖ B. Although she knows how to dive, she does not want to dive.❖ C. She could not decide whether to go on a voyage or not to go on a voyage.❖ D. We tested the depth of the water and the temperature of the water.❖ E. She can hold her breath longer than I can hold my breath.❖ F. He would be happy once he is invited.考点1.在对话中的省略Eg.1.--How is your mother today? -- (She is ) much better.2.--Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.--What (shall we go and have a good drink tonight)for? Have you got the first prize in the competition?考点2.不定式符号to的省略●在see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,listen to等感官动词或短语及make,have,let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语”结构中,不定式前省略to,若变被动还原to。
20-21版：Discovering Useful Structures—Ellipsis（步步高）
四、其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略 (1)当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing 等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。 You can’t force him to read the poetry if he’s not ready to (read the poetry). 如果他没有准备好阅读这首诗，你不能强迫他。 (2)某些使役动词，如：make，let，have等和感官动词，如：see，watch， notice，observe，hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于 被动语态，则to不省略。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
(5)介词but，except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式 不带to。 All the chairman could do was nothing but wait and see. 主席所能做的只有观望。 (6)当不定式作某些复合谓语时，如be going to，be able to，have to， ought to，used to等，可只保留不定式符号to。 They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents). 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
2.定语从句中的省略 (1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略 (但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。 (2)way表示“方式，方法”时，关系词that/in which可以省略。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying. 他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
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Miscellaneous varieties of ellipsis
❖ Ellipsis of subject, subject +auxiliary verb, subject +predicate at the beginning of the sentence --(I have) Never heard of such a thing. --(I) Hope to see you soon. --(I) Beg your pardon. --(It) Looks like rain. --(You) Had a good time, didn't you?
Ellipsis
❖ Definition:
Ellipsis is the omission of the item(word, phrase or part of speech) for avoiding repetition and achieving textual cohesion.
--He came up, (he) sat down, and (he) stared at me. --I'm happy if you are (happy). --He always wakes up earlier than I (wake up). --Don't tell me if you don't want to (tell me).
--As (he was) a student he had known great poverty. --He is taller than I (am). --When (it is) taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects. --While (I was) eating my lunch, I heard a loud noise. --If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. --It looks as if ( it is) going to rain. --She is as tall as her mother ( is ). --Unless (I am) compelled to stay in by bad weather, I go for a walk every day.
Ellipsis in complex sentences
In complex sentences, ellipsis commonly occurs in subordinate clauses, while in main clauses only the initial elements are likely to be ellipted. --(Is there) Anything you want to take with you? --(I) Hope you'll like the present. -- (I ) Wonder what she's doing. --(You) Have to wait a bit, I'm afraid.
--Though (he was ) very tired, he did not give up. --Once ( it is) seen, the picture can never be forgotten. --Whether (he is) waking or sleeping, he breathes noisily. --In our country everybody is an ordinary worker no matter what his position (is). --I refuse , however favorable the conditions (are), to work there. --Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out oobject
--Show me your essay. --I'll show you (my essay) later. --Which of them is the better choice? --Well, It's hard to tell (it). --Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you dry (the dishes).
❖ Ellipsis of predicative
--I'm thirsty. --Are you (thirsty)?
--Are these your friends? --Yes, they are (my friends). --Sam seemed angry and George certainly was (angry).
❖ Ellipsis of predicate or part of the predicate
--Only one of us was injured, and he (was) just (injured) slightly. --(Is there) Anything you want? --(There)Ought to be a comma here. --John has written a poem and Bob (has written) a short story.
Ellipsis in some clauses
In clauses introduced by as, than, when, while, if, unless, though, once, if “be” is the predicate and the subject in the subordinate clause and that in the main clause are the same, the subject in subordinate clause and verb “be” could be ommitted under either situation