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北京理工大学2003年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
北京理工大学2003年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题Part II. Vocabulary(20 point, 0.5 point for each)Section ADirections: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.16. The candidate has complied with all the requirements set by the university; this institution, therefore awards herthe degree of Master of Arts.A. permitsB. grantsC. rewardD. forwards17. The argument that Children are no longer an economic asset, but more of a liability, drew more attention of thepublic.A. productivityB. possibilityC. responsibilityD. necessity18. With all his experience abroad he was a major asset company.A. candidateB. applicantC. mangerD. resource19. The team published their report after three-month investigation which triggered off a parliamentary debate.A. shotB. delayedC. startedD. concluded20. The board of directors required that Mr. Brown justify buying the expensive equipment at a time when thecompany was practicing strict ecnomy.A. give reasons forB. verifyC. testifyD. give evidence about21. Today’s college students have ambiguous feelings about the role they should play in the world.A. wonderfulB. unusualC. ambitiousD. doubtful22. Railway services are not yet sound enough economically without government subsidy.A. aidB. chargeC. approvalD. domination23. The Public Broadcasting System is supported by donations from foundations and other sources.A. grantsB.referencesC. accountsD. advertisements24. The merit of a sales tax is that it decreases government reliance on income taxes.A. outcomeB. supplyC. virtueD. balance25. The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria.A. a selectedB. a verifiableC. an unbelievableD. an unavoidable26. Grandpa Wang, a famous painter, spent his life in a tranquil little farming cottage.A. a lovelyB. a peacefulC. an isolatedD. a noisy27. The doctor did not rule out the possibility of food poisoning.A. foreseeB. acceptC. excludeD. foretell28. My colleagues and I were greatly puzzled by our repeated failures in the experiment.A. distressedB. discontentedC. annoyedD. perplexed29. Contestants who do not comply with the regulations will be disqualified.A. cooperate withB. observeC. approveD. submit to30. John boasted that he could finish the job all by himself in no time.A. very rapidlyB. on timeC. in timeD. at any moment31. The Bureau of Public Security has decided to hold an inquiry to find out the cause of the big fire.A. investigationB. researchC. examinationD. inquest32. He was given a present in acknowledgement of his work for the business.A. honorB. realizationC. encouragementD. recognition33. Congressional debate over the passage of this controversial bill is inevitable.A. popularB. personalC. disputedD. beneficial34. The dispute between the faculty and the administration was not resolved until the faculty members got betterworking conditions.A. threatB. argumentC. problemD. discussion35. After being defeated they submitted to the enemy.A. surrenderedB. succeededC. stressedD. submergedSection BDirections: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.36. Waving received strict training in oil painting these artists paint in a _______ and figurative style.A. relevant C. narrativeB. realistic D. sensitive37. Having weighed up all the factors the department finally agreed to receive all the _________ to the committee.A. rejectionB. hypothesesC. nominationsD. resistance38. In the past decade some third countries have suffered from an cycle of drought _______ with flood.A. alteringB. activatingC. nominationsD. alternating39. I am sorry I opened your handbag but I ________ it for mine.A. mistookB. confusedC. recognizedD. imagined40. John and I have _______ to meet at the bus station at 9 o’clock.A. confirmedB. combinedC. appointedD. arranged41. You’re _______ your time trying to persuade him; he’ll never help you.A. wastingB. losing C spending D. missing42. The cyclist was _______ his bike by a truck.A. hit offB. knocked offC. knocked downD. hit down43. ______ the bad weather, we decided to go to the picnic.A. DespiteB. In spiteC. AlthoughD. Though44. The dealer wanted $500, I wanted to pay $400, and we finally agreed to the difference.A. divideB. splitC. dropD. decrease45. Passengers are ________ not to leave their cases and packages here.A. commandedB. informedC. notifiedD. advised46. The new teacher was ________ to the needs of all the children in her care.A. attentiveB. earnestC. carefulD. observant47. You should ________ at least three days for the journey.A. expectB. permitC. acceptD.allow48. Could you possibly ________ me at the next committee meeting?A. stand in forB. make up forC. tall back onD. kee in with49. The customs officer asked me if I had anything to _______.A. sayB. stateC. explainD. declare50. This ticket _______ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A. givesB. entitiesC. grantsD. credits51. After his long absence from school he found it difficult to ______ up with the rest of his class.A. catchB. takeC. makeD. work52. I asked the tailor to make a small _______ to my trousers because they were too long.A. changeB. variationC. revisionD. alteration53. ______ all of us who are here tonight, I would like to thank Mr. Johnson for his informative talk.A. On behalf ofB. On account ofC. In honor ofD. In terms of54. Tom’s steps had _______ and there was a moment of absolute silence.A. died downB. died fromC. died awayD. died out55. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _______ increase the risk ofheart disease.A. in turnB. in returnC. by chanceD. by turnsPart III. Cloze( 10 points 0.5 for each)Directions: In this section, you are to read a passage with twenty blanks and fill in the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D. for each blank and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar through the center on your ANSWER SHEET.Years ago, a group of brilliant young men at the University of Wisconsin seemed to have amazing creative literary.talent. They were 56 poets, novelists and essayists. They were extraordinary, in their to put the English language 57 , These 58 young men met regularly to read and critique each other’s work. And critique it they did!These men were merciless 59 one another. They 60 the most minute literary expression 61 a hundred pieces. They were heartless, tough, even mean in their criticism. The sessions became 62 arenas of literary criticism that the members of this exclusive club called themselves “Stranglers.”63 , the women of literary talent in the university were detemllned to start a club of 64 , one comparable to the Stranglers. They called themselves “Wranglers.” They, too, read their works 65 But there was one great difference. The criticism was much softer, more positive, more encouragmg 66 there was 67 criticism at all. Every effort, even the most feeble one, was encouraged.Twenty years later, when an alumnus (男校友) of the university 68 an exhaustive study of his classmates’careers, he noticed a vast difference in the literary 69 of the Stranglers 70 the Wranglers. Of all the bright young men in the Stranglers, not one had made a significant literary accomplishment 71 . From the Wranglers had come six or more successful writers, some of national renown such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. 72 wrote The Yearling.Talent between the two? Probably the same. Level of education? 73 difference. But the Stranglers strangled, while the Wranglers 74 to give each other a life. The Stranglers promoted an atmosphere of contention and self -doubt. The Wranglers 75 the best, not the worst.56 A. would-soon-be B. would-be C. should -soon -be D. should be57 A. to its best use B. for its best C. as its best use D. in its best use58 A. premising B. clever C. promising D. perspective59 A. on B. for C. with D. to60. A. dissected B. reduced C. collapsea D. severed61 A. in B. onto C. into D. within62 A. so B. such C. thus D. that63 A. Not to overdo B. Never overdo C. Not to be outdone D. Never overdoing64 A. themselves’ B. their own’s C. their own D. their65 A. for each other B. to one another’s C. as to one mother D. to one another66 A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Always D. Usually67 A. hardly no B. almost not C. almost no D. scarcely68 A. carried B. executed C. conducted D. engaged69 A. consequences B. accomplishments C. performances D. results70 A. as opposed B. on the contrary C. as opposed to D. on the objection to71 A. of such kine B. of any kind C. of some kind D. of no kind72 A. who B. that C. which D. the73 A. Not much B. Not such C. No much D. Not at all74 A. were firm B. were determined C. were sure D. were decided75 A. brightened B. highlighted C. enlightened D. demonstratedPart IV. Reading Comprehension (25 points 1 for each)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by several questions about it. Read the passages carefully and to each question choose the best answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.Passage OneOn the first day of my second year at California State University at Sacramento, I saw the most gorgeous guy! He was standing alone in line at the cafeteria and looked out place. Turning to my friends, I said, “I have to meet him!”Challenging my spontaneity, my friends reached into their purses and came up with money for a bet. They then dare me to run up to him, pretend that I knew him and convince him that he knew me. Smiling, I turned and was off to the cutie pie.“Dan, Dan!” I yelled as I ran up to him. “How are you? How’s your mom?” He just stood there looking at me I could tell that he was shy. I liked him immediately.“I’m not Dan,” he said, looking a little confused.“Sure you are!” I countered. “You lived in Sierra Hall last year, third floor! You were Bob’s roommate.”“No I lived off campus last year,” this sweet man replied still not getting it. I turned and started to leave, and he began asking me a series of questions, know you from mom’s allergy clinic? (I hate shots.) “Were you in the parrot class I took last summer?”(I like birds only slight more than shots.) “Do you eat at Taco Bell? I work there.”(Never.)“Well,” he said, “I know I’m not Dan, and I didn’t live in Sierra Hall.” He reached out his hand to mine. My name is Tim, and I’m pleased to meet you anyway.He invited me to his fraternity party that night. I composed myself and informed him that I did not go to fraternity parties. But as I watched him walk away, I had second thoughts. That afternoon, I took the money that I’d won from the bet and bought a black miniskirt. I was going to my first fraternity party.When I arrived there, I was a little nervous. Would he be there? when I got to the front steps of the frat house, I looked up and saw Tim sitting at the top. He looked at me and smiled.“I was hoping you would come. I’ve been waiting for you.” I sat down next to him and we started talking. We talked all that night and for the next three nights until dawn. Four months later, he asked me to marry him. Four years later, we tied the knot. This year, we celebrated the fifteenth anniversary, of the day we met.Some nights when we are snuggling together, I’m reminded that I found my soul mate on a dare. Now and then, my husband asks, “Am I Dan or Tim tonight?” Having a special place in my heart for both of them, I always laugh and reply, “You decide!”76. The narrator in the story said: “I have to meet him!” because ___________.A. she knew the guyB. she enjoyed the guy’s handsome appearanceC. she wanted to satisfy, her curiosityD. she wanted to win the bet77. The verb “tell” in the sentence “I could tell that he was shy” (Paragraph 3) means __________.A. speakB. ascertainC. proveD. vitness78. The sentence “I hate shots.” in the brackets (Paragraph 6) can best be paraphrased as ____________.A. I don’t like to be attacked by a lot of so many unexpected questionsB. I hate the guy for his endless questioning of my storyC. I hate being given an injectionD. I feel extremely shy before the handsome guy79. The narrator had finally decided to attend the fraternity party perhaps because ___________.A. she had fallen in love with him at the first sightB. she changed her mind when the guy had leftC. she felt lucky to win the betD. she was able to buy a black miniskirt with the money she won80. The story you read here can best be titled as ____________.A. A Brave Girl in Making an Important DecisionB. A Girl Daring to Search for Her Love regardless of Social PrejudiceC. God Helps Those Who Help ThemselvesD. A Brave Challenge of Girl’s Usual Shyness Results in a Happy MarriagePassage TwoThe score is tied in the second half of the World Cup finals, and aboard a 747, passengers cheer as they watch the game on their laptops--40,000 feet above Earth. Sound futuristic?Boeing Plans to make this scenario possible with its broadband telecommunications initiative, Connexion by Boeing. This service will allow fliers to surf the Web, send and receive email .access the company intranet, book dinner reserervations trade the honest stock, shop online and watch live TV from any seat in an aircraft. Connexion is already available cn privat jets, and Boeing says that the two-way broadband service will be installed on domestic flights in late 2001. Global coverage is slated to arrive by 2005. Subscribers will be able to access Connexion from their seats using laptops or personal digital assistants, plus a network card and a cable provided by the airline. The cost? Comparable to ground-floor cellular phone service; between $ 6 and $ 25 an hour.One key enabler for this technology is a phased-array antenna, originally developed by Boeing in 1986. Located on the aircraft’s, upper fuselage, the antenna electronically transmits beams to a satellite at 1.5Mb per second and receives them at 5 Mb per second. Thus, every passenger can access Connexion concurrently, securing connection speeds of no less than 56 Kh per second each. The actual bandwidth will be continually upgraded.Boeing ultimately wants to bring the service to markets like cruise ships and oil exploration platforms. Until then, the sky’s the limit.81. What is the main idea of this article?A. In the near future people will be able to watch live soccer matches on a plane.B. The future holds many exciting developments.C. Boeing is currently introducing Internet access on its planes.D. There is a strong demand for web access by Boeing passengers.82. Which of the following will not be used by air passengers to access Connexion?A. Their own portable computers.B. Personal distal assistants.C. The cabled computers on the airliner.D. The cellular phone service.83. Which of the following statements about Connexion is FALSE?A. Boeing planes worldwide will have this service by 2005.B. The service will cost between $ 6 and $ 25 an hour.C. The phased-array antenna is an important aspect· of Boeing’s new service.D. The service on works at speeds of less than 1.5Mb per second.84. According to the article, what does the word “concurrently” (Para. 4) mean?A. At the same time.B. One at a timeC. In orderD. Not currently85. What is true about the Connexion service to cruise ships and oil exploration platforms?A. Boeing is trying to provide them with the service.B. They cannot get the service now because the sky is limited.C. The service is not available to them now as Boeing is busy servicing the fliers.D. They can get the service because they are in the limt the project.Passage ThreeU. S. airlines could slash 70,000 more jobs if there were war with Iraq and the U. S. government did not give the industry, more help, the biggest domestic carriers said on Tuesday.The Air Transport Association, which represents major airlines, said in a report on airline finances that its members would take aggressive steps to counter any sharp drop in travel demand and an increase in costs caused by an Iraqi war.Big airlines are seeking government assistance to stem rising fuel costs and ease taxes that are contributing to losses that soared to more than $ 10 billion in 2002.The industry outlined a “most likely scenario if war broke out, saying that reduced demand and higher cost’s due to a conflict lasting 90 days would cost it $ 4 billion in lost revenue. Without a conflict, losses would still be expected to reach almost $ 7 billion for the year.“The nation’s air carders will continue to do all we can, but we fear that the consequences of this war will be severe,” James May, president and chief executive of the air transport group, told a news conference.May restated the industry’s belief that war could prompt more bankruptcies or force some financially fragile carder into liquidation. Recovery would take several years and ticket prices would have to fall further to spur demand.US Airways Group Inc. and UAL Corp’s United Airlines are in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and some industry experts believe that AMR Corp’s American Airlines, the world’s biggest carrier could follow later this year. Airlines expect overall traffic volume during a second Gulf conflict would fall more sharply than it did during the 1991 war, when it declined 8 percent after fighting began. The airlines based their assessment on a slide of more than 20 percent in advance bookings for overseas travel after the U. S. government elevated its domestic terror alert status from yellow to orange in early February.Jet fuel has more than doubled in price from a year ago to $ 1.30 a gallon recently. Fuel is the second-largest expense after labor for an airline. An increase of one penny a gallon costs the industry an estimated $ 180 millionannually.86. U. S. airlines would have to suffer the following losses if there were war with Iraq except that __________.A. the industry would have to lose $ 180 million revenue each year with one gallon of jet fuel increasing onepenny on saleB. the overall traffic volume is expected to drop at least over eight percent, which took place during the first gulfwarC. the U. S. government refuses to give the main airline companies any essential financial support once the warbroke outD. it would take a few years to get the prewar ticket prices resumed and then to spur the passengers’rivingdemand87. The countermeasures the nation’s main air carriers would take to prevent any sharp drop in travel demand mayinclude ________________.I. seeking government financial assistanceII asking for low tax rateШ promoting more bankruptcies and forcing some weak airline companies into liquidationA. I onlyB. I and IIC. I and ШD. II and Ш88. The sentence “... AMR, Corp’s American Airlines, the world’s biggest carrier, could follow later this year”(Paragraph 7) can best restated as __________.A. it would also seek bankruptoy protectionB. it would have to spur its passengers’ steps demand for ticketsC. it would have to take aggressive steps to avoid bankruptcyD. it would call for more financial subsidy from the government for its survival89. The phrase “force some financially fragile carries into liquidation” (Paragraph 6) may probably mean _______.A. compel them to reduce flightB. make them do nothing but to declare bankruptcyC. push them to be destroyedD. bring them into luquid state90. From the passage we can conclude that ___________.A. the writer intends to show his strong anti-war positionB. the writer tells what the American air transportation industry would have to worry about in facing the waragainst IraqC. the writer shows deep sympathy for the sufferings the war would bring to Iraqi peopleD. the writer wants to show indignation against George Bush’s position on Iraqi problemPassage FourA half hour before test time, I was afraid to look in the mirror. But I had to assess the damages. After all, there were cute guys in this class. Granted, they would be worrying more about the final than what I looked like, and that was my hope at this point.The first things I saw were my own bloodshot eyes. Where was that Visine? My hair looked like Attila the Hun ad spent the night camping in it. Well, I’d pull it back into a ponytail and take the tangles out later.And then I saw it. It was a huge swelling on the front of my chin that had to be the size of a small golf ball. Surely I was hallucinating from lack of sleep. I had never seen anything like that before,I’d heard of people getting hives from nerves. But a single hive, on the front of my face? I gingerly touched it. A hard swelling met my curious fingertips. What had caused this? The pizza I’d consumed at midnight or the mountain Dew I’d consumed at two and four and six in the morning? Perhaps it was the Cap’s Crunch at three or the candy bar at five. My stomach had a strict policy. If I was going to keep it up all night, it insisted on being fed.How was I going to cover this up? I rummaged through all my toiletries until I found my lone bandage, put there for emergencies. Well, this qualified as one, Oh no, that looked really stupid. How embarrassing. Oh well, no time to do anything else about it now. My philosophy final was waiting for me. My beleaguered brain had tried all night to grasp the arguments of different philosophies so that I could write them down on the essay test this morning.I loved to hear our philosophy professor in class. I could follow the arguments when he discussed them, but trying to formulate them on my own just wasn’t happening. Perhaps the bump was the result of stress. I had to pass thisfinal or I would fail the class. And I couldn’t fail the class, or I would have to take the college’s summer school sessions. And I couldn’t go to summer school because I needed to work to help pay for next fall’s tuition. Swallowing the last gulp of fiat Mountain Dew, I headed for class. I picked a seat that didn’t directly face the clock. That would only make me more nervous, and cod knew I had already used up my adrenaline(肾上腺素) supply, Dr. Wennberg passed out the essay books while explaining the roles. We would have exactly one hour. My two pencils in hand, I waited for the signal.“Begin.”I closed my eyes took a deep breath and said a prayer “Please, God , help me remember all that I’ve studied for this test.”I looked over the questions. I could do this. I had to do this. I began writing.Twenty minutes had gone by. I had been writing as fast as I could before I forgot the infonnation. So far so good . But my eyes were so tired. They hurt so badly. They felt so heavy. I’d just rest them for a minute. I leaned my puffy chin on my hand.Someone sneezed. I came to with a start. What?! I’d fallen asleep? I’d never done that before in a final! Oh no! Fearfully, I looked at the clock.Only ten minutes left?! I’d slept a half hour? Oh no!I thought I’d used up all my adrenaline, but I was wrong. I broke out in a cold sweat. What could I do in ten minutes? Think, I must think. I need a plan. I’m doomed. No, think. I began writing as fast as I could to finish the questions. I stared at the last blank page of the essay test booklet with its nearly ruled lines. Dare I? I had nothing to lose. I still had two minutes. I wrote Dr. Wennberg. I told him how sorry I was. How I’d stayed awake all night to study because this was important to me, only to fall asleep during the exam. How I’d really wanted to do better I asked for mercy.One week later, I stood in front of the test board where the results would be posted. The mysterious swelling on my chin had gone away with sleep, but I touched my fingers to my chin nervously, It wasn’t coming back, was it?I stood awaiting my fate. The secretary came out and pinned a pape to the board. I scanned down the list of names, looking for my final class grade. There it was; a C--minus. Tears filled my eyes. I looked again. I had passed, I was sure I hadn’t deserved that. But I wasn’t about to argue! Dr. Wennberg had shown mercy. It was one philosophy lesson I’ve never forgotten.91. Why does the writer say “I was afraid to look in the mirror” in the first sentence of the first paragraph of the text?A. Perhaps because he didn't like his own appearance.B. Perhaps because he didn't prepare enough for the test.C. Perhaps because he was afraid to look at his utterly battled look for the previous sleepless night.D. Perhaps because he had too many worries about the damages brought to his health due to his busy preparationfor the test.92. When the writer says “ and that was my hope at this point” (Paragraph 1) “my hope” may be used I to mean thatA. he hoped all the other guys would fail in the test.B. he hoped that all the others shared the same worries with him.C. he hadn’t wished to see that all his classmates would have the same worries as his.D. he would be glad to see his classmates would have more worries than he had.93. When the writer says “I’d heard of people getting hives from nerves,” the phrase of “getting hives from nerves”( Paragraph 3 ) most probably means __________.A. getting overexcited and overjoyed when facing unexpected situationsB. feeling so nervous and bewildered as not to be able to do things regularlyC. feeling uncomfortable or itching due to a bee-stingingD. becoming red and swelling with a scar or a wound94. The proper noun Mountain Dew “(Paragraph 3) can be used in the context to mean ___________.A. the morning dew in a summer mornmgB. the dew that one often sees after a rainy dayC. a brand of drinkD. a gush of sweat as is seen after a gust of hard work95. The following phrasal verbs can he taken as the synonyms of the verb" rummage through" in the context except_________.A. fumble throughB. search throughC. delve intoD. carry through96. The writer says that he had to pass the philosophy final (Paragraph 5) because _______________.I . if not, he would have had to attend the college’s summer schoolII otherwise he would have been able to continue his study in the classШif he had failed the philosophy final, he would have been able to find time to work to earn money for next-term tuitionA. I onlyB. I and IIC. I andШD. I, II and Ш97. The incomplete sentence of" So far so good" (Paragraph 10) can probably be used to mean _____________.A. I t is goode as long as I can do itB. Until now things have gone wellC. Though until now things have gone well, I still hope to do it betterD. Though I am not so sure if all my answers are correct, I still fell OK98. Why someone sneezed the writer( Paragraph 11)?A. Perhaps he wanted the writer to give him a hint.B. Perhaps the man wanted to give the writer a hint on some point.C. Perhaps the writer had fallen asleep during the examD. Perhaps the man wanted to remind the writer of little time to be left99. The whole paragraph 13 from “I thought I’d used up all my adrenaline to answering the questions” is used to_________.A. describe the writer’s reflection of what he should have done before the examB. describe the depressed feeling of the write when knowing he failed in the examC. describe worrying mood in the exan and contradictory thoughts over his work at his philosophical classD. describe how sorry the writer was feeling for his not having been working enough for his philosophical class 100. The writer believed he had passed the exam _____________.A. as the result of his hard workB. as the result of his professor’s showing mercy to himC. mainly due to his tireless revision in the night before the examD. out of his expectationPart V. Writing and Translation (30 points, 15 points for each)Section A: Writing(15 points for each)Directions: Write an essay, in no less than 180 words according to the following demands. Remember to write your composition on your ANSWER SHEET.Title: The Future Prosperity of Our Country and the Peasant ProblemOutline: A. e encouraging economic situation of our country and the low-income level of our peasantsB. The core of our peasant problem and the way-out for our peasantsC. Measures to be taken to speed up the reform in our countryside to increase the income of our peasants Section B: Translation(15 points for each)Directions: Put the following passage into English and remember to write down your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.人们可以对欧元的贬值或美元的走强，提供很多的解释，这是问题的另一面。
考研-应用光学-北京理工大学
说明：以下内容是由我个人整理的北京理工大学应用光学考研专业课历年真题中的问答题部分的一些题目，仅供需要的同学参考。
由于时间当时较紧，有些地方可能会有错误。
其中每个问题后【】里面的数字代表考试中出现的次数。
1. 什么叫做“理想光学系统”?共轴理想光学系统还具有那些性质？【2】物象空间符合“点对应点，直线对应直线，平面对应平面“成像关系的光学系统称为“理想光学系统”。
性质: （1）位于光轴上的物点其像点一定位于光轴上。
（2）位于过光轴某一截面的物点，其像点也在该平面内。
（3）过光轴的任意截面的成像性质都相同。
（4）垂直于光轴的同一平面的物所成的像，其几何形状与物完全相似。
（5）位于垂直于光轴的同一平面内共轭像面也垂直于光轴（6）如果已知两对共轭面位置和放大率；或者一对共轭面的位置和放大率，以及轴上两对共轭点的位置，则其他一切像点都可以随之确定。
2. 什么叫做“目视光学仪器的视度调节？什么叫近视眼?什么叫远视眼？对于近视眼和远视眼应该分别如何调节？【2】为了使目视光学仪器能够适应各种不同视力人的使用，可以改变目镜的前后位置，使仪器所成的像不在无限远处，而是位于目镜的前方或后方的一定距离上，以适应近视或远视的需要，这就是“目视光学仪器的视度调节”。
只能看到有限远物体的眼睛叫近视眼；近视距离在明视距离之外的眼睛叫远视眼。
近视眼戴负透镜，远视眼带正透镜。
对于近视眼，目镜向前调节；对于远视眼，目镜应向后调节。
3. 什么时棱镜的展开？在应用棱镜展开时，为了使棱镜和共轴球面系统组合后仍能保持共轴球面系统的特性，棱镜的结构必须满足哪两个要求？【4】把棱镜的主截面沿着它的反射面展开，取消棱镜 d 反射，以平行玻璃板的折射代替零件折射的方法称作“棱镜的展开”。
要求：(1) 棱镜展开后入射面和出射面平行(2) 如果棱镜位于会聚光束中，则光轴必须和棱镜的入射面和出射面垂直。
4. 什么叫“孔径光阑”？什么叫“视场光阑”？“孔径光阑”：限制进入光学系统成像光束孔径的光阑。
北京理工大学820应用光学1999-08、11、13-14年(11年回忆版)考研专业课历年真题汇编
第1页，共3页 一、问答题（共60分，每小题6分）
1.用显微镜观察相距0.0005mm 的两物点，采用划线对准的方式，视放大率至少要多少？
2.什么叫望远镜的视角分辨率和衍射分辨率？已知望远镜的视放大率为30×，出瞳距离为1.5mm ，求该望远镜的视角分辨率和衍射分辨率。
3.什么叫主平面？什么叫节平面？主平面和节平面什么条件下重合？
4.什么叫波像差？光学系统成像质量的判断标准是什么？
5.已知棱镜展开厚度为d = 50mm ，折射率n = 1.5，求像面的移动距离。
6.一个发光圆盘（可视为朗伯光源），在与法线成30°角方向上的光强为I 。
求出射光通量。
7.什么是光圈数？在5.6、8、11这几个光圈数中，相同曝光时间下，哪个进光量最大？
8.投影仪分为哪几个部分？分别有什么作用？
9.什么叫场镜？场镜有什么作用？
10.什么叫渐晕？渐晕大小如何表示？
二、叙述及证明题（共30分，每小题10分）
1.描述如何判断平面棱镜系统的成像方向。
2.两组透镜组成倒像系统，对无限远物体成像，焦距分别为f 1′和f 2′，中间的两个透镜之间为平行光。
将倒像系统旋转180°，保持物、像位置不变。
证明系统总的视放大率
2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码： 820 科目名称： 应用光学
★ 答卷须知
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北京理工大学2003年攻读硕士研究生入学考试试题
北京理工大学2003年攻读硕士研究生入学考试试题一. 填空题(本题共计46分，每个空2分)1、热能与机械能相同之处是( )；不同之处是( )。
2、热力学平衡状态是指( )。
均匀状态是指( )。
3、若热力系统对外作功可用21pdv ⎰计算，则其过程必须在( )条件下进行；其中可用功的数量是( )。
4、设有m kg 工质以状态1进入系统，此时给系统带入的能量的数量是(m(e 1+p 1v 1))；其中各项的意义分别为( )5、已知理想气体A 有m A kg ，B 有m B kg ，混合后的质量分数各为( 、 )；假设定压比热容和定容比热容分别为c v,A 、c p,A 、c v,B 、c p,B ，混合后的气体常数为( )。
6、若对系统加热，则参数( )必定( )；若系统对外作膨胀功，则参数( )必定( )。
7、气体液化的必要条件是( )；充分条件是( )。
8、水在某温度条件下的饱和液体的焓为h '、熵为s '，饱和蒸汽的焓为h "、熵为s "，则此温度下，当湿蒸汽的干度为x 时，湿蒸汽的焓值为( )；湿蒸汽的熵值为( )。
9、热机的热效率定义为( )；热机的 效率定义( )。
10、在湿空气的工程计算中，将湿空气处理为( )和( )的组合；并把它们均看成( )气体。
二．简答题。
1、工质在压力p 1下被吸入气缸，可逆压缩至p 2(p 1<p 2)，然后排出气缸，试在p-v 图上表示出此工作过程的膨胀功和技术功，并说明技术功和膨胀功之间的关系。
2、已知某理想气体的比热容为定值，当其由初态(p 1,T 1)经历任一过程而达到终态(p 2,T 2)，试证明任何过程总是满足关系()()()21v1s s /c 2112T T ev /v κ--=。
3、将空气简单地处理成由容积百分比为21%的氧气和79%的氮气所组成的混合气体，试求出此组合下空气的c p 、c v 及R 值。
北理工820应用光学考研真题(1999-2014)
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4. 已知主点 ������1、������1′、������2、������2′ 和焦点������1、������1′、������2、������2′，求像������′������′的物 AB。
第 2 页，共 6 页
������1 ������1′
������2 ������2′
3. 一望远系统物镜焦距为 300mm，物方视场角2������ = 8°，从目镜出射的像方视 场角为2������′ = 69.9277°，出瞳直径������′ = 6mm，物镜后方有一靴型屋脊棱镜（玻璃 折射率为 1.5163，棱镜展开厚度为 L = 2.98D）作为倒像系统，棱镜出射面到目 镜的距离为 40mm，求棱镜入射面的口径������棱1为多少？棱镜出射面的口径������棱2为 多少？望远物镜到棱镜入射面之间的距离为多少？（物镜、目镜均按薄透镜计算） （10 分）
五、问答及证明题（共 15 分，每小题 5 分） 1. 证明点光源照明一微小平面时的光照度公式为
������ cos ������ ������ = ������2 其中 I 为发光强度，������为平面法线方向和照明方向的夹角，������为平面与光源之间的 距离。
2. 证明望远系统中用了场镜以后并不影响原有光学系统的光学特性，在望远系 统中使用场镜有什么作用？
第 4 页，共 6 页
3. 画图并推导出理想光学系统物像关系的牛顿公式。
六、计算题 1. 一物镜焦距为 2200m 的平行光管用来测量一焦距为 100mm 的被测系统，在 被测系统的物方焦面上放置一直径为 0.1mm 的小孔，问此小孔经被测系统和平 行光管后，像的直径为多少？现在在平行光管后面加一负透镜，使小孔像放大到 8.8mm，并要求新像点在原像点后 200mm 处，求负透镜的焦距以及与平行光管 物镜之间的距离。（所有系统均按薄透镜系统计算）（10 分）
2013年北京理工光学工程820应用光学初试、复试回忆（定稿）
2013年北京理工光学工程820应用光学初试、复试回忆（定稿）第一篇：2013年北京理工光学工程 820应用光学初试、复试回忆（定稿）2013年北京理工光学工程复试笔试回忆（不全）：物理光学：干涉图形的强度分布、条纹类型，有一个题是画出所给出的图上三个不同位置观察屏的干涉条纹；求晶体中光的偏振方向等电子技术：数电考了斯密特触发器、555的计算和画电压波形等，模电考了判断负反馈的类型，用集成运放设计设计一个vi：vo=1:2的放大电路（画图，并求各电阻的值）等；计算机基础：名词解释：如usb等，冯诺依曼计算机的组成，用C语言编写一个简单程序等。
光电成像：名词解释及英文全称，如CCD、ICCD、MCP等，黑体的几个方程及原理，探测器的分类及原理、区别，画框图等。
英语听力:一共20个题，语速快，两题之间隔时间很短，必须很快选出答案。
面试：英语：自我介绍，问了我怎么看待中国和日本的关系（他们什么问题都有，没法准备，看你的口语水平和随机应变能力），读并且翻译一段话（和光有关的）。
综合面试：1）抽一张纸有4个题，立即回答出来，分别是：应光、物光、电子技术、计算机方面的。
题很多范围很广，每个人都不一样，我抽到的是1、远心光路及作用2、激光器的结构、原理及激光的特性；3、负反馈的类型及作用4、数据的传输方式：并行传输和串行传输及特点，2）然后就是说一下自己做过的东西和毕设，根据你说的提问题，这部分很重要，看你的动手能力。
3）问了一个人文题：怎样看待因日本核辐射引起的抢盐风潮？下面是网上的回忆版：初试：（来自考研论坛）一简答题1.为什么要求光学系统中，光学元件要与光轴垂直放置？2.光学系统中，常用的基点和基面有哪些？3.什么是节平面？节平面的性质有哪些？4.物方远心光路和像方远心光路对于减少相差有什么作用？5.什么是场镜，它的作用是什么？还有一些题，现在是真的记不清楚了，但是都算比较简单的。
二证明题1.考察的是第二章的内容。
北京理工大学820应用光学模拟题5
理硕教育—专注于北理工考研辅导本资料由理硕教育整理，理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校，相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅，确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上，复试通过率接近100%，理硕教育现开设初试专业课VIP一对一，初试专业课网络小班，假期集训营，复试VIP一对一辅导，复试网络小班，考前专业课网络小班，满足学员不同的需求。
因为专一所以专业，理硕教育助您圆北理之梦。
详情请查阅理硕教育官网1．-个5倍的显微物镜c按薄透镜组考惫，，物像之间的共轭距离为190 rnm，求该物镜的焦距物平面离透镜的距离。
2．-个8倍的望远镜系统由物镜、斜方棱镜，目镜构成。
斜方棱镜的入射面到物镜的距离为110 mm，斜方棱镜口径为30 mm，折射率为1.5，棱镜的出射面到目镜的距离为30 mm，求物镜和目镜的焦距。
如果入瞳和物镜重合，物镜通光口径多大？（透镜均按薄透镜考虑）3．3．用一个60 W灯泡照明2m远处并与照明方向成45。
的平面，假定灯泡发光效率（光视效能）为10 Im/W，各方向均匀发光，求被照表面的照度等于多大？4根据理想光学系统的成像性质，导出以主点为原点的共轭点方程式和垂轴放大率。
3．设有一个同心透镜，其厚度为30mm，玻璃折射率为1.5，焦距为-100 mm，求两个半径等于多少？它的主面在哪里？5.已知显微镜的视度大率为300，目镜的焦距为20 rnm，求显微镜物镜的倍率。
假定人眼的视角分辩率为60”，问使用该显微镜观察时，能分辨的两物点的最小距离等于多少？该显微镜物镜的数值孔径不小于多少？6.设幻灯机离开投影屏幕的距离为45 m，投影屏幕为5 mX4 m，幻灯片尺寸为20 mX16 m，光源亮度为12 000熙提，聚光系统使幻灯片均匀照明，并使光束充满物镜口径，如果物镜的透过率为0.6，要求屏幕照度为100 lx，求该幻灯祝物镜的焦距和相对孔径，7.人眼垂直看水池1 m处的物体，试问物体的像到水面的距离是多少（水的折射率为1. 33）?8.对于一个共轴理想光学系统，如果物平面倾斜于光轴，试问其像的几何形状是否与物相似。
北京理工大学光电学院820应用光学历年考研真题汇编
2014年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题
2013年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题
2010年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题（回忆版）
2008年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题
2007年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2006年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2005年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2013年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题
2010年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题（回忆版）
2008年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题
2007年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2006年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2005年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2004年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2003年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2002年北京理工大学517应用光学考研真题
2001年北京理工大学517应用光学考研真题
2000年北理工大学应用光学考研真题
2004年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2003年北京理工大学420应用光学考研真题
2002年北京理工大学517应用光学考研真题
2001年北京理工大学517应用光学考研真题
2000年北京理工大学517应用光学考研真题
1999年北京理工大学应用光学考研真题
2014年北京理工大学820应用光学考研真题
北京理工大学历年真题快速下载索引
分析化学2007 分析化学2008 创作2008 化学2002 化学2003 化学2004 化学2005 化工原理2000 化工原理2001 化工原理2002 化工原理2003 化工原理2004 化工原理2005 化工原理2006 化工原理2007 化工原理2008 半导体物理学1999 半导体物理学2001 半导体物理学2002 半导体物理学2003 半导体物理学2004 半导体物理学2005 半导体物理学2006 半导体物理学2007 半导体物理学2008 单片机原理接口与应用技术2003 哲学基础2008 国际贸易1999 国际贸易2000 国际贸易2001 国际贸易2002 国际贸易2004 基础英语2002 基础英语2005大纲 复变函数2002 大学物理2006 大学物理2008 安全系统工程2003 安全系统工程2004 安全系统工程2005 安全系统工程2008 宏微观经济学2008 工程力学基础2007 工程力学基础2008 工程流体力学2005 工程热力学(不含传热学)2000 工程热力学(不含传热学)2001
机械设计2001A 机械设计2002A 机械设计2003 机械设计2004 机械设计2005 机械设计2006 机械设计2007 机械设计2008 机械设计原理2001 材料力学2000 材料力学2001 材料力学2002 材料力学2003 材料力学2004 材料力学2005 材料力学2006 材料力学2007 材料力学2008 材料科学基础1999 材料科学基础2000 材料科学基础2001 材料科学基础2002 材料科学基础2003 材料科学基础2004 材料科学基础2005 材料科学基础2006 材料科学基础2007 模拟与数字电路1999 模拟与数字电路2000 模拟与数字电路2001 模拟与数字电路2002 法学基础2008 法学综合（1）2008 法学综合（2）2008 法学综合（3）2008 波动光学2001 波动光学2002 流体力学基础2006 流体机械原理2003 激光原理2005 激光原理2007 激光原理2008 火工品原理与设计2002 热处理原理1999缺p3 爆炸与安全技术2005 爆炸及其作用2006 爆轰理论2003
03-08 的北理826真题 可以打印
一．（30分）简述题（每小题3分）1． 一个LTI 系统有多种描述方法，试给出五种方法，并指出它们之间的联系。
2． 一个确定信号在频域用傅里叶变换表示，试按信号在时域是周期、非周期、连续、离散，分别写出相应形式的傅里叶变换。
离散傅里叶变换（DFT ）是其中一种形式吗？3． 一个存在全部时域),(+∞-∞的周期信号，如果要求在变换域求其作用于LTI 系统的响应，应采用傅里叶变换还是拉氏变换？或者两种变换都可采用？为什么？ 4． 若由下列系统函数描述的离散时间系统是稳定的，那它一定是因果的吗？为什么？z z z H 311211)(--=5． 根据下列微分方程，能否判定该系统是稳定的吗？为什么？)()(2)('t x t y t y =-6． 由下式描述的系统是时不变的吗？为什么？（式中的)(n x ，)(n y 分别表示系统的∑+∞-∞=--=k k n nk x n y )()31(3)( 7． 试给出设计数字滤波器的一般步骤。
8． 能否仅根据其频率响应的有限个取样值，确定出该数字滤波器？说明你的理由。
9． 如何保证所设计的FIR 数字滤波器具有线性相位？10． 分别给出序列线性卷积、圆周卷积和周期卷积的定义，并指出它们间的联系。
二．（25分）考虑一个离散时间LTI 系统，当其输入为)1(21)()(-+=N n n x δδ相应的输出为)()21()(n u n y n=1.（10分）用时域法求此系统的单位抽样响应)(n h ； 2．（10分）用z 变换法求此系统的单位抽样响应)(n h ； 3．（5分）给出描述此系统的差分方程，并画出模拟框图。
三．（25分）考虑一个输入、输出分别为)(t f 和)(t y 的连续时间系统，其系统函数为14)(22--=s s s H1．（3分）画出)(s H 的极点和零点图；2． （5分）假定)(s H 是稳定的，确定其收敛域，并求系统的单位冲激响应)(t h ； 3．（5分）求描述此系统的线性常系数微分方程，并画出其直接II 型框图； 4．（5分）若输入)5.0exp()(t t f -=，对全部t ，求系统输出)(t y ；5． （7分）确定描述此系统的状态方程和输出方程，并求状态转移矩阵)(t ϕ。
北京理工大学820应用光学2002年考研专业课真题试卷
北京理工大学2002年硕士研究生入学考试试题
一、问答题（共30分，每小题2分）
1.什么叫“临界照明”？什么叫“柯勒照明”？
2.什么叫望远镜的“有效放大率”？
3.什么叫“理想光学系统的衍射分辨率”？它等于什么？
4.什么叫“畸变”？它与什么因素有关？
5.红光和紫光哪种波长长？对同一个透镜，红光与紫光哪个的焦距长？
6.光学系统中光能的损失包括哪些部分？通常采用什么方法减少反射损失？
7.什么叫“人眼的视见函数”？在哪种波长下人眼的视见函数等于1？
8.什么叫“景深”？景深与焦距和相对孔径有什么关系？
9.什么叫“物方远心光路”？什么叫“像方远心光路”？
10.望远镜的垂轴放大率、角放大率和视放大率有什么关系？
11.什么叫“人眼的视角分辨率”？它等于什么？
12.像方焦点与谁共轭？物方焦点与谁共轭？
13.满足全反射的条件是什么？
14.物理光学研究什么内容？几何光学研究什么内容？
15.对棱镜展开有哪两个要求？
二、证明题（共16分，每小题4分）
1.证明通过望远镜观察发光面时，主观光亮度小于人眼直接观察的主观光亮度。
第1页，共4页。
北京理工大学820物理光学解析7
北京理工大学820物理光学解析7本资料由理硕教育整理,理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校,相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅,确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上,复试通过率接近100%,理硕教育现开设初试专业课一对一,假期集训营,复试VIP一对一辅导,满足学员不同的需求。
因为专一所以专业,理硕教育助您圆北理之梦应用光学Applied Optics本资料由理硕教育整理,理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校,相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅,确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上,复试通过率接近100%,理硕教育现开设初试专业课一对一,假期集训营,复试VIP一对一辅导,满足学员不同的需求。
因为专一所以专业,理硕教育助您圆北理之梦应用光学讲稿绪论课程性质：专业基础课应用光学课程内容学习目的学习方法本资料由理硕教育整理,理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校,相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅,确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上,复试通过率接近100%,理硕教育现开设初试专业课一对一,假期集训营,复试VIP一对一辅导,满足学员不同的需求。
因为专一所以专业,理硕教育助您圆北理之梦应用光学讲稿常见光电仪器观察仪器：望远镜测量仪器：测距机瞄准：火炮周视瞄准镜摄像：照相机本资料由理硕教育整理,理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校,相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅,确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上,复试通过率接近100%,理硕教育现开设初试专业课一对一,假期集训营,复试VIP一对一辅导,满足学员不同的需求。
因为专一所以专业,理硕教育助您圆北理之梦应用光学讲稿望远镜本资料由理硕教育整理,理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校,相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。
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一、问答题（共60分，每小题3分）
1.几何光学中为什么要规定符号规则？
2.什么叫理想光学系统？
3.应用光学近轴光学公式计算出来的像有什么实际意义？
4.一物体位于一正的薄透镜物方2倍焦距以外，问其像在什么区域？成正像还是倒像？成放大的像还是缩小的像？
5.什么叫“临界照明”？什么叫“柯勒照明”？
6.一个半径为500mm的球面反射镜，其物方和像方焦距分别为多少？其物方和像方主点位于什么地方？其物方和像方节点位于什么地方？
7.什么叫“理想光学系统的衍射分辨率”？它等于什么？
8.望远系统的垂轴放大率、角放大率和视放大率有什么关系？
9.什么叫显微镜的数值孔径？如果视放大率为50的显微镜的出瞳直径为2mm，问其物镜的数值孔径为多少？
10.对于一灯丝面积为10mm×10mm的单面发光体，如果要达到2000 lm的光通量，则其平均光亮度应为多少？
11.某甲不能够看清楚1m以外的物体，他应该佩戴焦距为多少的眼镜？某乙不能够看清楚1m以内的物体，他应该佩戴焦距为多少的眼镜？
12.当人眼由观察远距离目标转变为观察近距离目标时，人眼进行了什么调节？人眼光学系统的焦距发生了什么变化？
13.各类目视光学仪器必须满足的共同要求是什么？
14.什么是棱镜的展开？为了使棱镜和共轴球面系统组合，仍能保持共轴球面系
第1页，共5页。