各段落写作方法与常用句型和词语

开篇段、正文段与结尾段写作方法与有用的语言信息

一、开篇要有气势

开篇的几句话要有爆发力，充分表现考生的语言水平和写作实力。因此要把平时积累的优秀句型应用到第一段开篇，以下是开篇的经典句式：

1) Recently, sth. ( the problem of… ) has been brought to public attention (has become the focus of public concern).

2) There is a public controversy nowaday s over the issue of …. Those who object to … argue that …. But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that….

3) Currently (In recent years / In the past few years), there is (has been) a general (widespread / growing / widely held) feeling towards (concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / belief in）….

4) There is no denying/ doubt that… But …

5) Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/ graph can be surprised to find that …

6) Now it is commonly (widely / generally / increasingly) believed (thought / held /accepted/ felt / acknowledged) that …. But I wonder (doubt) whether …

7) It has long been considered only right and proper to … (in China).

8) As opposed to generally accepted views, I believe that …

9) With the development of …, vast changes await our college students (our society/ our country).

10) When it comes to (Faced with)…., most people (the public/ quite a few people) maintain (argue/ contend) that…., but other people conceive differently.

11) A public debate has ar isen as to (over/ concerning)…

12) We often find ourselves caught (involved) in a dilemma(窘境)whether…

13) I agree with the above statement because I believe that ….

14) As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that ….

15) On the surface (At first thought), it may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but on second thought (on closer analysis), we find that …

二、中间段论证充分、流畅自然

1、中间段的写作要点

中间段的任务是依据开头段所交代的内容来阐述文章的论点，围绕主题或论点展开讨论，或就具体要求进行描述和说明。

中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。中间段篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长，每段有相应的主题句，包含定义、解释、描写等手法，说明主题思想的扩展句采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段，当然不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段，这在第一章的第五节关于段落的展开方法部分详细讲过。

中间段要有以下特点：

1）所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力；

2）段落中一定具备主题句（最好放在句首）；

3）段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节；

4）内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强；

5）段落之间连贯自然；

6）段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当；

7）词与句型运用合理并且有变化。

2、文字通顺连贯，善用过渡词或词组

英语中的过渡句和连接词是文章通顺连贯的重要标志，复合句内部必须要有连接词，有时句子之间也需要连接词，而连接词体现的是句子内部和句子之间严谨的逻辑和论证推理关系，是英文语言最大的价值之一。当然段与段之间还需要过渡句或过渡词组来加以联系，以达到通顺之效果。大家如果在写作中恰当应用过渡词语，会增加文章的可读性，使文章层次分明，以下是我们对写作中英文逻辑关系以及引导各种逻辑关系连接词和词组的归纳：

1）总结关系过渡词语

generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, in a sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude

2）比较对比关系过渡词语

similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless

3）列举关系过渡词语

for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition (to that）, first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another

4) 因果关系过渡词语

because （of）, as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, it follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence

5) 让步关系过渡词语

although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that.

6) 强调关系过渡词语

anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, indeed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt

7) 递进关系

in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, besides, again, and, likewise, what's more

8) 时间顺序

afterwards, at last, at length, immediately, in the meantime, lately, meanwhile, presently, shortly, since, soon, temporarily, thereafter, while

9) 方位序列

in front of, beside, beyond, above, below, inside, outside, on the left, on the right, opposite, next to.

10) 方式手段

as, as if, as though, the way，by

11) 目的关系

so that, that, lest, in case, for fear that, in order that

3、套用核心句型，打造精彩段落

中间段如果套用一些句型引出主题句和各个扩展句，会使文章层次更加分明、眉清目秀。常用的的核心句型归纳如下，大家可根据自己的习惯和需要选择使用：

1) Although the popular belief is that …, a current（new / recent）study（survey / poll / investigation）indicates（shows / demonstrates）that ….

2) The increase (change / failure / success) in … mainly (larg ely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of) ….

3) The increase (change / failure / success) in … is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that ….

4) There are many（different / several /a number of / a variety of）causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change / decline / increase) in …. Firstly, …. Secondly, …. Finally, ….

5) Why are (is / do / did) …? For one thing, …. For another, ….

6) Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that ….

7) There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.

8) It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on ….

9) A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success / failure / development) in ….