惯用语的翻译(答案)
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单打一
Concentrate on one thing only; have a one-track mind
咬耳朵
Whisper in sb’s ear
卷铺盖
Pack up and quit; get fired; get the sack; give sb the boot; boot sb out
惯用语的翻译
惯用语指的是口语中常用的一种固定词组，比一般词和词组更具定型性，比四字成语更具灵活性，比书面语更具含蓄讽刺、生动形象的比喻性，其意义一般是比喻义或引申义。在结构形式上，汉语惯用语多用三字结构，有时也可拆开、加字。在使用特色上，由于汉语惯用语所具有的民族性和地方色彩很强，直接把惯用语的字面意思翻译成英语，有许多无法使英美读者理解或接受。如以下两例，可采用哪些翻译方法？
绕圈子
Beat about the bush
灌米汤
Butter sb up; blind sb by sweet words; bewitch sb with honeyed words
露马脚let the cat out of the bag; show the hoof; give oneself away
这个大汉举起枪，威胁道：“别耍花招了，要不老子马上崩/毙了你！”
2.They didn’t give him a raise though he hadlicked his boss’s bootsfor years.
尽管这几年你都在拍他老板的马屁，但他们并没给他升职/涨工资。
四．练习
1．婚外恋
Extramaterial love/affair/sex; love affair out of wedlock
由于惯用语具有较强的口语性和简洁性，因此对原文进行逐字翻译反而会使有些惯用语失去原有的特点，甚至歪曲原有的意思，读者看了会不知所云或感到可笑：
门外汉a man outside the gate
The uninitiated; a layman;
小广播a small broadcast station
捋虎须
Stroke a tiger’s whiskers; run great risk;
一窝蜂
(of a crowd of people) like a swarm of bees;
及时雨
Timely rain; timely help
走下坡路
Go downhill; go from bad to worse; take a bad turn; be ontheslide
4．摆架子
Put on airs; assume great airs
5．摆花架子
Ametaphor for presenting an attractivefacadebut in reality lacking substance; do for show
6．摆门面
Keep up appearances
9．八字没一撇
Not even the first stroke of the character“八”has appeared—nothing tangible is in sight; ther’s no sign of anything happening yet
10．不打不相识
Out of blows friendship grows; no discord, no concord
说曹操曹操到mention Cao Cao and there he is
Mention Cao Cao and there he is—talk of the devil and you will see his tail; talk of a angel and you will hear the fluttering of his wing
唱对台戏
Put on a rival show; tit for tat; measure for measure; enter into rivalry
另一方面，在翻译较口语化的英语原文时，可考虑在汉语译文中适当使用口语较强的惯用语，而不应用文气十足的四字成语。
1.“Now stopplaying tricks, orI’ll shoot you at once.”The big man threatened and raised his gun.
不到黄河心不死not stop until one reaches the Yellow River
Not stop until one reaches the Yellow River—not stop until one reaches one’s goal; refuse to give up until all hopes are gone
四．翻译惯用语时要注意的几个方面。
一方面，在翻译时，要注意惯用语与四字成语在语体上的区别。一般说来，成语的语体比较正规，惯用语的语体比较口语化，因此在翻译时要体现出这个差别，不能把惯用语用得过于书面气。
敲诈勒索
Blackmail and impose exactions upon; swindle and squeeze
2．当家教
Teach in a family; be a family tutor; governness
3．泼冷水
Put/throw cold water on; put a wet blanket over; put a damper on; rain on someone’s parade; dampen the enthusiasm of sb
赔了夫人又折兵
(1)give one’s enemy a wife and lose one’s soldiers as well;
(2)present (one’s enemy) with a wife and lose one’s men into the bargain
suffer a double loss instead of making a gain; pay a double penalty
敲竹杠
Overcharge; fleece; soak; highways robbery; put the oug on; make sb pay through the nose
趋炎附势
Hurry to the glorious and hang on the the influential; be the floower of the rich and the powerful;
戴高帽
Lay it on (thick); laud sb to the sky; flatter
开绿灯
Give the green light; give the go-ahead
唱反调
Sing a different tune; do the opposite
试金石
touchstone
挖空心思
Rack one’s brains
7．走背运
Have bad luck; be out of luck; be down on one;s luck; be off one’s luck
8．一物降一物
There is always one thing to conqure another; every force has a counterforce; everything ahs its nemesis; everything has its vanquisher
1．走后门
get in by the back door;
secure advantages through pull or influence;
resort to backstairs influence;
pulBiblioteka Baidu strings
2．病急乱投医
turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill;
狼狈为奸
Act in collusion with each other
穿连裆裤
Work hand in glove with; collude; band together; gang up/together
针锋相对
Stand in diametrical opposition to; act/stand in direct opposition to
Spreading of hearsay information; bush telegraph; grapevine; gossip; rumour
风凉话cold words
Irresponsible and sarcastic remarks; make derisive comments
扣帽子put a cap on somebody
curry favor with the powerful
抱粗腿
Latch on to the rich and powerful
一扫而空
Sweep clean at one attempt; make a clean sweep of sth
连锅端
Get rid of the whole lot;
三．惯用语的套译
杀风景
Be a wet blanket; spoil the fun or show; dampen one’s enthusiasm; be a joykiller
拍马屁
Lick sb’s boots; flatter
放空炮
Spout hot air; talk big; boast; talk horse; pay lip service
Put a label on sb; brand sb; categorize sb
寻短见look for a short view
Try to commit suicide; try to end one’s life
炒冷饭fry the cold rice
Dish up the same old stuff; heat leftover rice-rehash; say or do the same old thing; old wine in a new bottle
饱眼福
Feast one’s eyes on sth
扇阴风，点鬼火
Fan the winds of evil and spread the fires of turmoil; fan up evil words and flames; incite people to violence
二．惯用语的直译。
try any remedy to get out of trouble when the situation is desperate;
a drowning man will clutch/grasp at a straw
一.惯用语的直译
连根拔
Tear up by the roots; root out; eliminate; eradicate; pluck up by the roots;
Concentrate on one thing only; have a one-track mind
咬耳朵
Whisper in sb’s ear
卷铺盖
Pack up and quit; get fired; get the sack; give sb the boot; boot sb out
惯用语的翻译
惯用语指的是口语中常用的一种固定词组，比一般词和词组更具定型性，比四字成语更具灵活性，比书面语更具含蓄讽刺、生动形象的比喻性，其意义一般是比喻义或引申义。在结构形式上，汉语惯用语多用三字结构，有时也可拆开、加字。在使用特色上，由于汉语惯用语所具有的民族性和地方色彩很强，直接把惯用语的字面意思翻译成英语，有许多无法使英美读者理解或接受。如以下两例，可采用哪些翻译方法？
绕圈子
Beat about the bush
灌米汤
Butter sb up; blind sb by sweet words; bewitch sb with honeyed words
露马脚let the cat out of the bag; show the hoof; give oneself away
这个大汉举起枪，威胁道：“别耍花招了，要不老子马上崩/毙了你！”
2.They didn’t give him a raise though he hadlicked his boss’s bootsfor years.
尽管这几年你都在拍他老板的马屁，但他们并没给他升职/涨工资。
四．练习
1．婚外恋
Extramaterial love/affair/sex; love affair out of wedlock
由于惯用语具有较强的口语性和简洁性，因此对原文进行逐字翻译反而会使有些惯用语失去原有的特点，甚至歪曲原有的意思，读者看了会不知所云或感到可笑：
门外汉a man outside the gate
The uninitiated; a layman;
小广播a small broadcast station
捋虎须
Stroke a tiger’s whiskers; run great risk;
一窝蜂
(of a crowd of people) like a swarm of bees;
及时雨
Timely rain; timely help
走下坡路
Go downhill; go from bad to worse; take a bad turn; be ontheslide
4．摆架子
Put on airs; assume great airs
5．摆花架子
Ametaphor for presenting an attractivefacadebut in reality lacking substance; do for show
6．摆门面
Keep up appearances
9．八字没一撇
Not even the first stroke of the character“八”has appeared—nothing tangible is in sight; ther’s no sign of anything happening yet
10．不打不相识
Out of blows friendship grows; no discord, no concord
说曹操曹操到mention Cao Cao and there he is
Mention Cao Cao and there he is—talk of the devil and you will see his tail; talk of a angel and you will hear the fluttering of his wing
唱对台戏
Put on a rival show; tit for tat; measure for measure; enter into rivalry
另一方面，在翻译较口语化的英语原文时，可考虑在汉语译文中适当使用口语较强的惯用语，而不应用文气十足的四字成语。
1.“Now stopplaying tricks, orI’ll shoot you at once.”The big man threatened and raised his gun.
不到黄河心不死not stop until one reaches the Yellow River
Not stop until one reaches the Yellow River—not stop until one reaches one’s goal; refuse to give up until all hopes are gone
四．翻译惯用语时要注意的几个方面。
一方面，在翻译时，要注意惯用语与四字成语在语体上的区别。一般说来，成语的语体比较正规，惯用语的语体比较口语化，因此在翻译时要体现出这个差别，不能把惯用语用得过于书面气。
敲诈勒索
Blackmail and impose exactions upon; swindle and squeeze
2．当家教
Teach in a family; be a family tutor; governness
3．泼冷水
Put/throw cold water on; put a wet blanket over; put a damper on; rain on someone’s parade; dampen the enthusiasm of sb
赔了夫人又折兵
(1)give one’s enemy a wife and lose one’s soldiers as well;
(2)present (one’s enemy) with a wife and lose one’s men into the bargain
suffer a double loss instead of making a gain; pay a double penalty
敲竹杠
Overcharge; fleece; soak; highways robbery; put the oug on; make sb pay through the nose
趋炎附势
Hurry to the glorious and hang on the the influential; be the floower of the rich and the powerful;
戴高帽
Lay it on (thick); laud sb to the sky; flatter
开绿灯
Give the green light; give the go-ahead
唱反调
Sing a different tune; do the opposite
试金石
touchstone
挖空心思
Rack one’s brains
7．走背运
Have bad luck; be out of luck; be down on one;s luck; be off one’s luck
8．一物降一物
There is always one thing to conqure another; every force has a counterforce; everything ahs its nemesis; everything has its vanquisher
1．走后门
get in by the back door;
secure advantages through pull or influence;
resort to backstairs influence;
pulBiblioteka Baidu strings
2．病急乱投医
turn to any doctor one can find when critically ill;
狼狈为奸
Act in collusion with each other
穿连裆裤
Work hand in glove with; collude; band together; gang up/together
针锋相对
Stand in diametrical opposition to; act/stand in direct opposition to
Spreading of hearsay information; bush telegraph; grapevine; gossip; rumour
风凉话cold words
Irresponsible and sarcastic remarks; make derisive comments
扣帽子put a cap on somebody
curry favor with the powerful
抱粗腿
Latch on to the rich and powerful
一扫而空
Sweep clean at one attempt; make a clean sweep of sth
连锅端
Get rid of the whole lot;
三．惯用语的套译
杀风景
Be a wet blanket; spoil the fun or show; dampen one’s enthusiasm; be a joykiller
拍马屁
Lick sb’s boots; flatter
放空炮
Spout hot air; talk big; boast; talk horse; pay lip service
Put a label on sb; brand sb; categorize sb
寻短见look for a short view
Try to commit suicide; try to end one’s life
炒冷饭fry the cold rice
Dish up the same old stuff; heat leftover rice-rehash; say or do the same old thing; old wine in a new bottle
饱眼福
Feast one’s eyes on sth
扇阴风，点鬼火
Fan the winds of evil and spread the fires of turmoil; fan up evil words and flames; incite people to violence
二．惯用语的直译。
try any remedy to get out of trouble when the situation is desperate;
a drowning man will clutch/grasp at a straw
一.惯用语的直译
连根拔
Tear up by the roots; root out; eliminate; eradicate; pluck up by the roots;