语言学教程Chapter
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
百度文库
1.2 Culture-loaded words
烫手的山芋 vs. hot potato 雨后春笋 vs. spring like mushroom 大鱼大肉、鱼肉百姓、酒肉朋友 meat and potatoes, meat and drink to
someone
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs” vs.“杀 鸡取卵”
The knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people’s culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in L.
Anthropological study of linguistics: study of language in a socio-cultural context.
Cold words vs. 冷言冷语 Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石 Diamond cut diamond. 棋逢对手 Kill a man when he is down. 落井下石
1.3 Cultural overlap and diffusion
肥皂剧、卡通、布丁、苹果派、雀巢、耐克、 因特网、KTV、E-MAIL
Typhoon, gongfu, etc.
netspeak
顶(支持) 555(呜呜呜) ding(顶) mm/MM(妹妹) LZ(楼主) DD/dd(弟弟) 88(拜拜) 偶(我) 马甲
ID
斑主(版主) 恩(嗯) 汗或寒(敬畏) 晕(非常惊异) ps/PS(photoshop的简称) 灌水(发帖子) ddd(顶顶顶) bs/BS(鄙视) 楼猪(楼主) 滴(的、地)
Bronislaw Malinowski: 1. The meaning of a word greatly depends
upon its occurrence in a given context. 2. Language functions as a link in human
activity, a mode of action.
The Arabs, for camels.
Linguistic evidence of cultural differences Terms of address Greetings Thanks and compliments Privacy and taboos Color words
what end”
Hymes: Ethnography of communication 1. Speech situation. 2. Situation, event, and act. 3. SPEAKING: situation, participants, ends,
act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genres
Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and becomes part of culture B.
Loan words in Japanese, Chinese, English.
Loan words
Time in Hopi language ---a “timeless language”
An example from the Dani language: evolutionary stages of basic color words
English: horseshoe French: fer a cheval —— iron for horse German: hufeisen—— hoof iron The Eskimos have countless words for snow.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Linguistic determinism: L may determine
our thinking patterns. Linguistic relativity: different languages offer
people different ways of expressing the world around.
In a narrow sense, it refers to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs.
1.1 The relationship between L & C
To sum up, the relation of L to C is that of part to whole, for L is part of C.
Anthropological study of linguistics: J. R. Firth: theory of context of situation 1. The relevant features of the participants,
persons, personalities. 2. The relevant objects. 3. The effects of the verbal action. • “who speaks what to whom and when and to
Chapter Seven Language, Culture,
and Society
1. Language and Culture
What is culture?
Broadly speaking, it means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language.
1.2 Culture-loaded words
烫手的山芋 vs. hot potato 雨后春笋 vs. spring like mushroom 大鱼大肉、鱼肉百姓、酒肉朋友 meat and potatoes, meat and drink to
someone
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs” vs.“杀 鸡取卵”
The knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people’s culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in L.
Anthropological study of linguistics: study of language in a socio-cultural context.
Cold words vs. 冷言冷语 Constant dropping wears the stone. 滴水穿石 Diamond cut diamond. 棋逢对手 Kill a man when he is down. 落井下石
1.3 Cultural overlap and diffusion
肥皂剧、卡通、布丁、苹果派、雀巢、耐克、 因特网、KTV、E-MAIL
Typhoon, gongfu, etc.
netspeak
顶(支持) 555(呜呜呜) ding(顶) mm/MM(妹妹) LZ(楼主) DD/dd(弟弟) 88(拜拜) 偶(我) 马甲
ID
斑主(版主) 恩(嗯) 汗或寒(敬畏) 晕(非常惊异) ps/PS(photoshop的简称) 灌水(发帖子) ddd(顶顶顶) bs/BS(鄙视) 楼猪(楼主) 滴(的、地)
Bronislaw Malinowski: 1. The meaning of a word greatly depends
upon its occurrence in a given context. 2. Language functions as a link in human
activity, a mode of action.
The Arabs, for camels.
Linguistic evidence of cultural differences Terms of address Greetings Thanks and compliments Privacy and taboos Color words
what end”
Hymes: Ethnography of communication 1. Speech situation. 2. Situation, event, and act. 3. SPEAKING: situation, participants, ends,
act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genres
Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and becomes part of culture B.
Loan words in Japanese, Chinese, English.
Loan words
Time in Hopi language ---a “timeless language”
An example from the Dani language: evolutionary stages of basic color words
English: horseshoe French: fer a cheval —— iron for horse German: hufeisen—— hoof iron The Eskimos have countless words for snow.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Linguistic determinism: L may determine
our thinking patterns. Linguistic relativity: different languages offer
people different ways of expressing the world around.
In a narrow sense, it refers to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs.
1.1 The relationship between L & C
To sum up, the relation of L to C is that of part to whole, for L is part of C.
Anthropological study of linguistics: J. R. Firth: theory of context of situation 1. The relevant features of the participants,
persons, personalities. 2. The relevant objects. 3. The effects of the verbal action. • “who speaks what to whom and when and to
Chapter Seven Language, Culture,
and Society
1. Language and Culture
What is culture?
Broadly speaking, it means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language.