英美国家概况表格
英美国家概况(2)(精)
2 the national flag
3 Four parts
• England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland • London Edinburg Cardiff Belfast • EnglishScottish/Scot Welsh I rish • English Gaelic Welsh Celtic & English • 盖尔语 威尔士语 凯尔特语 • (Celtic之一)
Westminster Abby
Westminster Abby 2
Westminster Palace
Westminster Palace 2
St Paul’s Cathedral
St Paul’s Cathedral 2
St Paul’s Cathedral 3
Hyde Park
7 Principal cities
London Birmingham Glasgow Liverpool
Manchester
Plymouth
British Museum
British Museum 2
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace2
Buckingham Palace 3
英国概况
英语专业教研室黄丽茹
英美国家概况总结
英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰,爱丁堡为首府威尔士,加的夫,Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰,贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦,UK首都,皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。
威斯敏斯特westminster,伦敦市的一个行政区,也叫西敏寺,这里有议会houses of parliament,包含大钟楼big ben,白厅whitehall即英国政府,白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫,还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。
The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章,亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,限制国王及王室官员的行为。
议会雏形,1265年,Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会,就是最早的议会,后来发展了House of Lords上议院,House of Commons下议院。
玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革:Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎(duduo)打了玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。
亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。
宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期,新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。
伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。
文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期,从1350-1650,有300年,从意大利发起,达芬奇等人为代表。
在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,海外探索(大航海时代?)。
英美国家概况
Madame Tussaud's is a waxwork museum in central London. It contains wax models of famous people, living and dead: kings and queens, film stars, politicians, pop idols and murderers. Over two million people visit the museum every year, making it Britain's number one tourist attraction.
0701
Where can you go to see movies and TV stars, pose with singers and sports players? Not at a live concert or a celebrity's party, yet this place is as starstudded as the red carpet for the Grammy Awards. Stop guessing it is no other than Madame Tussauds Wax Museum in London. Here the celebrities have to pose with you for your camera and you get to spend as much time as you'd like with them (because they're wax), that's probably why so many tourists flock to this museum. When you get there,each time they've had different people greeting you at the door such as chen long and President Bush.
《英美国家概况》课件
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英美国家对世界的影响
政治影响
英美国家政治体制对全球民主化进程的推动
英美国家作为民主制度的发源地,其政治体制对全球民主化进程产生了深远影响,许多国家在政 治制度上效仿英美,推动了全球民主化进程。
英美国家在国际政治中的领导地位
英美国家凭借强大的经济和军事实力,在国际政治中发挥着领导作用,对国际关系和全球事务产 生重大影响。
02
英美国家的贸易政策对全球经济产生深远影响,其贸易策对全球投资环境的影响
03
英美国家的投资政策对全球投资环境产生重要影响,其投资政
策的变化对全球投资格局和经济发展产生重要影响。
文化影响
英美国家文化输出对全球文化多样性的影响
英美国家作为全球文化输出大国,其文化产品对全球文化多样性产生重要影响,影响了世 界各地的文化传统和价值观。
英美国家教育体系对全球教育的启示和影响
英美国家的教育体系被认为是全球最优秀的教育体系之一,其教育理念和方法对全球教育 产生了重要影响和启示。
英美国家科技发展对全球科技进步的推动作用
英美国家在科技领域一直处于领先地位,其科技发展对全球科技进步产生了重要推动作用 ,引领全球科技发展方向。
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总结与展望
总结词
美国地理环境多样,历史悠久,是世界上的超级大国。
详细描述
美国位于北美洲,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋,北接加拿大,南至墨西哥及古巴。美国拥有丰富的自然 资源,国土面积居世界第四位。美国历史可追溯至1776年独立建国,经历了两次世界大战和冷战,成 为全球领先的政治、经济、军事和文化大国。
政治与经济
总结词
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施对全球政治稳定和国际安全产生重要影响,其外交政策对其他国 家产生示范效应。
英美概况第二版
THANK YOU
感谢各位观看
和技能培训。
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美国教育改革
美国教育改革关注提高教育质量、缩小教育差距、促进教育公平等议题,
同时推动STEM教育和职业教育的发展。
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发展趋势
英美两国都在积极探索教育创新,注重培养学生的创新能力和实践能力,
以适应快速变化的社会需求。同时,两国都在加强国际交流与合作,推
动教育的国际化发展。
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英美文学与艺术概览
国际贸易,对外投 资,吸引外资
教育体系
高等教育,职业教 育,中小学教育
Байду номын сангаас3
美国概况
美国历史与文化
美国的起源与历史发展
美国的文学、艺术与音乐
从13个殖民地的建立到独立战争,再 到西进运动、南北战争等关键历史节 点。
如马克·吐温、海明威等文学巨匠,以 及好莱坞电影、百老汇音乐剧等艺术 成就。
美国的多元文化
美国经济与社会发展
美国的经济发展历程
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从工业革命到现代经济体系的建立,包括农业、制造业、服务
业等产业的发展。
美国的社会福利制度
02
如社会保障、医疗保险、失业保险等制度的建立和实施情况。
美国的教育与科技
03
包括高等教育、科研创新等方面的成就和挑战,以及硅谷等科
技中心的崛起。
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英美教育制度比较
教育理念与特点比较
英国概况
英国历史与文化
中世纪英国
文艺复兴时期
盎格鲁-撒克逊人的入侵, 诺曼征服,中世纪的封
建制度
伊丽莎白时代,莎士比 亚的戏剧,英国文艺复
兴的成就
工业革命
纺织机的发明,蒸汽机 的应用,工业革命的影
英美国家概况
B. Saxons
C. Jutes D. Celts
12. In Britain only about ____ of the
population are farmers but they
manage 70% of the land area. A. 2% C. 4% B. 3% D. 5%
13. Each of the 50 states of the USA elects ____ senators. A. 10 C. 3 B. 4 D. 2
22. Of all the symbols, which are considered to represent fertility and new life and are most frequently associated with Easter? A. The pumpkin and turkey B. The lamb and beef C. The spring peas and potatoes D. The egg and rabbit
A. 2nd
C. 4th
B. 3rd
D. 5th
18. In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ____ became world famous and turned their hometown of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage. A. the Beach Boys B. the Rolling Stone C. the Animals D. the Beatles
sports, ____ has been in existence
since the 16th century. A. rugby C. cricket B. soccer D. boxing
亚洲48个国家概况(表格)
亚洲国家概况面积-万平方千米 人口-万人
东亚:中国,日本,朝鲜,韩国,蒙古
东南亚:越南,柬埔寨,老挝,缅甸,新加坡,菲律宾,印尼,马来西亚,文莱,菲律宾,东帝汶
西亚:阿富汗,伊朗,土耳其,塞浦路斯,叙利亚,黎巴嫩,巴勒斯坦,约旦,以色列,伊拉克,科威特,沙特阿拉伯,也门,阿曼,阿拉伯联合酋长国,卡塔尔、巴林,格鲁吉亚,亚美尼亚,阿塞拜疆南亚:印度,孟加拉国,巴基斯坦,斯里兰卡,马尔代夫,尼泊尔,不丹
中亚:哈萨克斯坦,土库曼斯坦,吉尔吉斯斯坦,塔吉克斯坦,乌兹别克斯坦北亚:俄罗斯的亚洲部分,不算亚洲国家。
英美国家概况知识点整理
The united Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandContain 50 or more countriesCommonwealth of Nations (50) → European Union (28)EnglandLondon capital cultural, business, financial centerCeltics original peopleRoman Empire combine the small kingdoms into a united one called EnglandAnglo-SaxonViking and DanishNormanCharles the First’s attempt to overrule parliament civil warScotlandEdinburgh capitalGlassgow largestGaelicWalesCardiff capitalWelshNorthern Ireland “The Six Counties”Belfast capitalConflict ethnically distinct from the majority of British peopleGeographically North and South of IrelandReligiously Protestant and CatholicsMost Irish people remained Catholics, while most British people had become Protestant1921 the southern 26 counties formed an independent “free state”, while the 6 north- eastern counties remained a part of the UKJurisdiction : the Republic of Ireland Great Britainits own elected executive government of ten ministers GovernmentThe process of stated-building has been one of evolution rather than revolutionBoth a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchyQueen is the official head of stateGovernor- General fulfill the role of monarch in Australia, Canada, New ZealandIsrael and Britain are the only two counties without written constitutions of the sort with most countries haveMonarchyThe oldest institution of governmentThe “divine right of kings” authority from GodCivil war between republican “Roundheads” led by Oliver CromwellKing should not exercise absolute power→ symbolize the tradition and unity of the British stateQueen non-political1. Head of the executive2. An intergral part of the legislature3. Head of the judiciary4. Commander in chief of the armed forces and “supreme governor” of the Churchof EnglandParliamentFirst used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns1689 William of Orange the Bill of Rights→ Function : pass laws, vote for taxation, examine government, debate the major issues Consist of the Queen, the House of Lords, the House of Commons(sovereign) (The real center of British political life) The House the Lords : the Lords Spiritual & the Lords TemporalServe their countryDo not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament at all The House of Commons : 646 Members of Parliament (MPs)Most belong to political parties : Labour, the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats Election650 constituencies5 years general electionEconomy6th largest economyA member of the G7,G8,G-20, the World Trade OrganizationBy the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the worldDecline1. War debt2. The independence of colonies3. Substantial and expensive military presence4. Failure to invest sufficiently industryBritain has seen a relative shrinking of the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth in tertiary or service industriesLiteratureEducationVoluntary → compulsoryUK has only one privately funded university, the University of BuckinghamThe Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degreeOxford the oldest university in UKSportsTennisWimbledon a London suburb world’s best players gather to competeInvented in BritainGolfInvented in ScottishHorse RacingThe true sport of British Kings (and Queens)HolidaysIreland7000 BC middle Stone Age period the earliest settlers arrived6th century BC Celts their language proved the most lastingAn instrument of social and cultural unity & a legal system5th century Christianity brought by Saint PatrickThe VikingsThe Normans1541 Henry Ⅷdeclared himself King of Ireland - the first English monarch1789 the French Revolution “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”1798 rebellion1870-1914 Home Rule by Isaac Butt1905-1908 Sinn Fein1916.4 the Easter Rising1919-1921 the War of IndependenceAnglo-Irish Treaty was signed , with the result that 26 counties gainedindependence as the new Irish Free StateEducationIrish education was undertaken by various religious orders, mostly Roman CatholicDominant religious beliefAll children in the Republic must learn the Irish languageThe University of Dublin, Trinity College, is the oldest university in the State which don’t need to learn IrishArt cultureriverdanceAustralia6th largest country in the worldThe largest island in the worldThe smallest, flattest and driest continent in the world50th most populous country in the worldSydney largest cityTasmania smallest stateNew South Welsh populous state James Cook named itWest Australia the largest stateAnimal: platypus, kangaroo,koala, wombatTwo most distinctive physical features: the Great Diving Range & The Great Barrier Reef“The Father of Australia” Lachlan Macquarie the Governor of NSWA member of the APEC, G20, OECD, WTO organizationThere is now a much higher proportion of settlers arriving from Asia although Anglo Australia migrants still predominateThe peoplesPeople of Dreaming“The Dreaming” or ”The Dreamtime” is the most enduring religion in Australia todayPeople who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land - that the land owns people, creating and providing everythingThe Dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has bound indigenous groups togetherTerra NulliusBritish who took over the country in the late 18th century, declaring it to be “terra nullius”Australia as a penal colonyThe impact of Colonisation1.Expropriation of land and the killing of the peoples2.Segregation and protection3.Assimilation destroy the culture of the Dreaming4.Citizenship and the fight against racismReligionChristianityThe Dreaming most enduringProtestantism most dominantBuddhism is now the fastest growing belief system in AustraliaIslam, Hinduism, JudaismSportThe principal games a form of football ARL, AFL, RU, soccerThe most popular game netballThe second most popular fishingOther games and sports cricket, hockey, basketball, beach volleyball, athletics, swimming The Formation of the Australian Political SystemWashminsterUSPolitical structure is based on a Federation of StatesHas a three-tier system of governmentThe House of Representatives (the Lower House) & the Senate (the Upper House)UKThe chief executive is a Prime MinisterTwo houses of parliamentHeaded by the Governor-GeneralThe members of parliament generally belong to one of the two major political parties:The Australia Labour Party (ALP) & the Coalitionthe Liberals & the NationalsServices1st TourismMost popular tourist features: the Great Barrier Reef, Ulura Kakadu and the keycity attractions and beaches of Sydney, the Gold Coast, and the othermetropolitan centers2nd Coal and iron ore3rd EducationNew ZealandAotearoa : another name, means “land of the long white cloud”The North Island and the South Island are separated by Cook StraitAuckland the largest urban areaMt. Cook the highest mountainIn colloquial English, a Kiwi, capitalized, means a New Zealander80% European ancestry 15% Maori 7% from the Pacific IslandsChristianity is the most common religionMaoritangaMeans “Maori culture”Maori : the original inhabitant of New Zealand are the largest non-European group, however, in recent years, Maori culture and perspectives have experienced a sort of renaissanceAlthough some Maori still live in their tribal areas, over 80% of the Maori population live in urban areasThe best known internationally of all Maori traditions is the hakaHistory1000 years ago voyagers from East Polynesia settled there1642 first European explorer Abel Tasman found it1840 over 500 chiefs signed the Treaty of WaitangiGovernmentGoverned by a democratically elected parliamentThe Head of State is the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II represented by a Governor-General The House of Representatives : the National Party & the Labour PartyThe Prime Minister chooses up to 20 MPs to form the CabinetEducationthe Correspondence School the largest schoolthe Open Polytechnic the biggest education providerEconomyAgricultureThe world’s largest farmA world leader in agriculture research and advisory servicesPastoral farming remains the main land useForestry & FishingConstitute new natural resource-based industries with exciting potential for furtherdevelopmentOverseas TradeNew Zealand lives by tradeAmericanTwo long-continuing immigration movements : Asia (Indians) & Europe and Africa1492 Columbus foundThe first new force was the development of capitalismThe second major force is the RenaissanceThe third influential force was the Religious ReformationThe first English permanent settlement was founded in 1607 in Virginia1619 two events 1. A start of election 2. A start of Negroes being brought to USPuritan New England was established in MassachusettsCatholic MarylandQuaker Pennsylvania1773 “Boston Tea Party”1774 the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia1775 the first shot thus the American War of Independence beganJuly 4,1776 Declaration of Independenceproclaimed the independence of 13 North American colonies1781 the War of Independence came to an end1789 Washington began to set up the new federal government and frame his administration 1861 Civil War broke out1865 endedConstitutionSet up a federal system one in which power is shared between a central authority and itsconstituent parts, with some rights reserved to eachLegislative Branch the CongressThe only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, declare war orput foreign treaties into effectThe House of Representatives & the SenateThe main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levytaxes that pay for the work of the federal governmentExecutive Branch the President four-year term only two termsCommander-in-chief of the armed forcesUnder the Constitution, the president is primarily responsible for foreignrelations with other nationsJudicial Branch the Supreme Court : a chief justice & eight associate justicesChecks and BalancesTwo major political parties Democratic Party donkeyRepublican Party elephantEconomyAmerican is always a mighty presence on Global 100After the birth of the nation, Americans lost no time in industrializing their new nation and in building trade with other countriesKey development the introduction of the factory systemThe “American system” of mass productionThe application of new technologiesThe emergency of new forms of business organizationThe construction of railroads marked the start of a new era for the United StatesService industries now dominate the economyThe Roots of AffluenceBountiful resources, the geographical size of the country and population treads have all contributed to these success. Religious, social and political traditions; the institutional structures of government and business; and the courage, hard work and determination of countless entrepreneurs and workers have also played a part.The 4th largest area and population in the worldAgriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic life, accounting for a larger portion of the United States’ GNP than other endeavorThe Current Recession1930s the Great DepressionIn late 2007 a crisis began in America and soon turned globalTriggered by a liquidity shortfallResult in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks bynational governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world ReligionThe majority of Americans belong to the Protestant churchBaptists the largest Protestant groupMethodists the second largest Protestant groupRoman Catholics the largest single religious groupCharacter1.American with different religions live together under the same law2.The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress3.In the US every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its ownfinance and its own buildingLiteratureEducationEvery child in America is guaranteed up to 13 years of educationElementary School usually means grades kindergarten through 8Secondary School generally means grades 9-12 called “high school”Higher educationSuccessful applicants : high school recordsRecommendations from high school teachersImpression during interviewsScores on SATsFour categories : the universityThe collegeThe technical training institutionCommunity collegeHarvald University is the oldest in AmericaBoth public and private colleges depend on 3 sources of income:student tuition, endowments, government fundingSocial movementThe Civil Rights MovementThe spontaneous action of one woman, Rosa Parks, was the beginningThe strongest leadership Martin Luther KingThe Youth Movement resented traditional white male valuesAnti-War Movement against the war in VietnamThe Women’s MovementGroups : professional womenWhite housewives and mothers The Feminine MystiqueYoung activistsThe accident was a word in the Civil Rights Act add “sex” intoSocial problemRacial problems the Afro-Americans used to be the largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US, but recent, they after the HispanicsDrug Abuse crime, automobile accidents, effects on individuals, economic lossesCrimeThe Abuse of PowerPovertyWay of Life310 million people 3rd largest populationMelting Pot & Salad Bowl & Mosaic & KaleidoscopeTechnologythe dreary, mindless, alienating way of workingNuclear energy is the most significant technologyScenic spotsThe Grand Canyon America’s most famous scenic wonderMt. Rushmore the Middle WestGeorge Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt Hawaii the only state that is not on the North American continentAlaska the largest state of the US by areaCanada10 provinces and 3 territoriesThe traditional northern economy hunting and trapping animals for food and peltsBritish Columbia (BC) has the most valuable forestry industry in CanadaQuebec the first colonists settled in the heartland of French CanadaOttawa the capital city located in OntarioToronto the center the largest city located in OntarioMontreal second largest city, located in the mainly French-speaking province of Quebec More than half of Canada’s population live in Ontario and QuebecHistoryFrench colonists first settled CanadaBritishEuropeans 17thBattles fought between Indian tribes and the French and British entrepreneurs in 18thCanada was born when 4 provinces joined togetherGovernmentTwo major foreign influences : its legacy as a former colony of BritainThe powerful influence exerted by its neighbor, the US Canada’s system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy Monarchy both Queen and the Governor General occupy roles which are largely ceremonial The first political community to combine federalism with a British system of government Parliament : the House of Commons (a lower house) & The Senate (an upper house) Leader : Prime Minster4 major political parties : the Liberal Party, the Conservative, NDP, BQMosaicThe first Canadians used to be called “Indians”“the First Nations”first : they are the original inhabitants of the countryNations: there are many “nations”, or tribes, which have different languages,customs and beliefsNow make up about 3.8% of the Canadian population, and their numbers areincreasing due to high birthrates3 special groups of aboriginal peoples : the First Nations, the Inuit, the MetisThe Metis are different in appearance and economic developmentCanada’s aboriginal peoples were vital to the fur trade and thus played a huge role in Canada’s economic development, but they were treated very badly by their white Europeans who came to colonies Canada. While in recent years their situation had improved, and they have become more politically activeVancouver is the second largest Chinese community in North American, after San Francisco Economy3 main groups: natural resources, manufacturing, service industriesThe export of primary resources remains the backbone of the Canadian economy An exporter of Raw resources, an importer of manufactured goods, logging, oil industries10th economy。
英美国家概况
英国(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland),通称英国,又称联合王国(United Kingdom),本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛,被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。
英国是由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰以及爱尔兰岛东北部的北爱尔兰以及一系列附属岛屿共同组成的一个西欧岛国。
除本土之外,其还拥有十四个海外领地[1] ,总人口超过6400万,以英格兰人(盎格鲁-撒克逊人)为主体民族。
1688年的光荣革命确立英国君主立宪政体,英国是世界上第一个工业化国家,首先完成工业革命,国力迅速壮大。
18世纪至20世纪初期英国统治的领土跨越全球七大洲,是当时世界上最强大的国家,号称日不落帝国。
在两次世界大战中都取得了胜利,但国力严重受损。
到20世纪下半叶大英帝国解体,资本主义世界霸主的地位被美国取代。
不过,现在英国仍是一个在世界范围内有巨大影响力的大国[2] 。
英国是一个高度发达的资本主义国家。
欧洲四大经济体之一,其国民拥有较高的生活水平和良好的社会保障制度。
作为英联邦元首国、八国集团成员国、北约创始会员国、英国同时也是联合国安全理事会五大常任理事国之一。
特产苏格兰威士忌英国苏格兰威士忌历史悠久,苏格兰高地的特殊水质和极为严格的酿造工艺,使那里出产的威士忌被誉为“液体黄金”。
泰迪熊泰迪熊(TeddyBear)有着浑圆丰满的身材和泰迪熊四肢,蓬松温厚的安哥拉羊毛,简素的材料和绣线,憨厚的表情,以及百分之百的手工缝制和填塞作业。
在白宫的一次宴会上,有几只玩具熊被打扮成猎人、渔夫的模样陈列在桌上当作装饰品,罗斯福总统,对这批小熊着迷不已。
恰巧英国国王爱德华七世小名也叫泰迪,很快泰迪熊也成为英国家喻户晓的宠物泰迪熊。
如今的泰迪熊就像芭比娃娃一样,已经不再是一般玩具的概念了,更多的,它们被赋予了各种特殊的纪念意义,担负起了传承某种文化的作用。
英美国家概况
英美国家概况第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英美国家概况
英美国家概况英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰,爱丁堡为首府威尔士,加的夫,Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰,贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦,UK首都,皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral在这里。
威斯敏斯特Westminster,伦敦市的一个行政区,也叫西敏寺,这里有议会houses of parliament,包含大钟楼big ben,白厅whitehall即英国政府,白金汉宫Buckingham palace 即英国皇宫,还有st james’hall 圣詹姆斯宫。
The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章,亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,限制国王及王室官员的行为。
议会雏形,1265年,Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会,就是最早的议会,后来发展了House of Lords上议院,House of Commons下议院。
玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革:Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎(duduo)打了玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。
亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。
宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期,新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。
伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。
文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期,从1350-1650,有300年,从意大利发起,达芬奇等人为代表。
在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,海外探索(大航海时代?)。
英美国家概况 PPT
Britain National Flag
British National Emblem(徽章)
国徽:即英王徽。中心图案为一枚盾徽,盾面 上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮,象征英 格兰;右上角为金地上半站立的红狮,象征苏 格兰;左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴,象征爱尔 兰。盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰 的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。盾 徽周围用法文写着一句格言,意为“恶有恶 报”;下端悬挂着嘉德勋章,饰带上写着“天 有上帝,我有权利”。盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的 金银色头盔l Flag
Canadian National Emblem
国徽:1921年制定,图案中间为盾形,盾面下部为一 枝三片枫叶;上部的四组图案分别为:三头金色的狮子, 一头直立的红狮,一把竖琴和三朵百合花,分别象征加 拿大在历史上与英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰和法国之间的 联系。盾徽之上有一头狮子举着一片红枫叶,既是加拿 大民族的象征,也表示对第一次世界大战期间加拿大的 牺牲者的悼念。狮子之上为一顶金色的王冠,象征英女 王是加拿大的国家元首。盾形左侧的狮子举着一面联合 王国的国旗,右侧的独角兽举着一面原法国的百合花旗。 底端的绶带上用拉丁文写着“从海洋到海洋”,表示加 拿大的地理位置——西濒太平洋,东临大西洋。
英语国家社会文化知识
英国(UK) 加拿大(Canada) 澳大利亚(The Commonwealth of Australia ) 新西兰(New Zealand) 美国(United States)
British National Flag
国旗:呈横长方形,长与宽之比为2∶1。为 “米”字旗,由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组 成。旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神 圣乔治,白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德 鲁,红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。 此旗产生于1801年,是由原英格兰的白地红 色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔 兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。
英美国家概况
The united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland Geography, People and Language of the Country:The united kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland2.National Flag:Union Flag or Union Jack3.National Anthem:God Save the Queen (King)4.National Flower :The Tudor rose5.Capital :London6.Administrative Divisions:England ,Wales ,Scotland &Northern Irelandnguage:English (Official), Welsh, Scottish8.Currency: British pound Sterling9.Head of State:Queen ElizabethⅡ―When people say England, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles - but never England.‖The shape : a shieldThe symbol of the unity: the centerEngland: Yellow lions (Courage and bravery)Scotland: Red lion ready to fightIreland: David’s harpThe motto: Honi soit qui mal y pense (Evil be to him who evil thinks) (恶有恶报)England: the standing lionScotland: the standing unicornThe motto of the queen:Dieu et mon droitGod and my right (天有上帝,我有权力)?Why do people often use ―England‖ and ―English‖ to refer to ―Britain‖and ―British‖?England is the largest, most populous and prosperousEnglandPeople: Englishman(80%)(Anglo-Saxons)Topography: Pennies Upland(the principle mountain chain)The ―backbone of England‖The Thames River: the 2nd longestThe Lake District : Lake PoetsCapital: London Language: Englishhighly urbanized country: 80% urban and 20%ruralCharacter: silent;wordless;gentle;polite;exclusive;nickname for English people: John BullScott landPeople: Scotts (Celts: Gales of the Celtic tribe)Character: unyielding; cautious and thrifty ; hospitable and friendly Topography: highlands (2/3)Ben Nevis (1,343m) : Highest mountain in Britain :Loch Ness ; The Clyde RiverCapital: Edinburgh Language: GaelicWalesPeople: Welshman (Britons of the Celtic tribe)Character: passionate; talkative; emotional and cheerful Topography: hills ,moorland, plateauThe longest river :Severn River (1st)Capital: Cardiff Language: Welsh / CelticNorthern IrelandPeople: Irish (Gales of the Celtic tribe)Character: charm and vivacityTopography: mainly composed of plains; fertile landThe largest lake in Britain: Lough Neagh (1st largest)Capital: Belfast Language: IrishPeople: misture of racesMain nations: English, Scottish, Welsh, IrishBefore fifth century: Scottish, Welsh, Irish descendants of Celts English: descendants of Anglo-Saxon (5th century)Vikings (9th and 10th centuries)1066, the Normans16th century on, more immigrantsWeatherMaritime Climate :mild and temperatemild winter, cool summerThree features: foggy; rainy; instable and changeableInfluencing Factors: the Gulf Stream the Atlantic Ocean―Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.‖What is the importance of English Channel to the British people ?The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from France. This narrow stretch of water has been the key natural defence for Britain. It helped shape the character and history of the British people. It helped protect Britain from invasion and gave the people a feeling of security and exclusiveness.( In 1066, the Normans sailed across the channel from northwestern France and conquered England. After the Norman Conquest, no enemy ever again crossed the channel and invaded the country. )Chapter 2 HistoryThe Founding of the Nation (5000BC-1066)Roman Britain (43 AD—5th Century)1st invasion — In 55 BC, Julius Caesar invaded Britain2nd — Caesar's second raid in 54 BC3rd and final— In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of BritainEnding — Germanic attack in Rome, forcing all Romantroops to leave Britain, ending the Roman occupation ofthe island.Capable administrators & good builders(towns and cities & roads)Anglo-Saxons (446-871)Germanic Tribes: Angles, Saxons, JutesEnglish: The language of the AnglesEngland: The land of the AnglesTheir social union is determined by village基督教Christianity6th Century St. Augustine (1st Archbishop of Canterbury)church (cathedral)By the late 7th century, Roman Christianity became the dominant religion in Britain.Viking and Danish invasions (8th Century—1066)Heptarchy(七王国)Alfred the Great,king of Wessex ,the father of the British navyA peace treaty:From 1016 to 1042, under therule of Danish kings.In 1042, the English throne wasreturned to the Anglo-SaxonsThe Norman Conquest (1066)The Battle of HastingsWilliam, Duke of Normandy, invaded England.On October 14, the two armies met near Hastings. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated.On Christmas Day, William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey?Why did William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death? He was a distant cousin of Edward;Harold betrayed his promise.He got support from Pope.When Edward was on his deathbed, several men laid claim to the English throne, but the Witan chose Harold as king.The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)Tower of London :Norman Rule 标志Norman Rule (1066-1381)1. William’s Rule (1066-1087)2. Henry II’s ReformsThe Great Charter and the Beginning of ParliamentThe Hundred Year’s War with France (1337-1453) and Joan of Arc The Black Death (1348-1349)The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)William’s Rule (1066-1087)(1)Under William, the feudal system in England wascompletely established.(2)According to this system, the King owned all the land personally.(3)William gave his barons large estates in England in return for a promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s produce. (4)These estates were scattered far and wide over the country, so that those who held them could not easily combine to rebel the king.(5)The barons, who had become William’s tenants-in-chief,parceled out land to the lesser nobles, knights and freemen, also in return for goods and services.(6)At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins (佃农)or serfs(农奴).(7)One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England wasthat all landowners must take the oath of allegiance(忠诚),not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.The 3 Consequences of the Norman Conquest(1)Politically, a feudal system was completely established in England,with a strong Norman government replacing the weak Saxon rule.(2)Religiously, the Roman-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over Britain, with the church courts separated from the civil courts.(3)Culturally, Great changes took place in languages, three languagesco-existed in England.Consequences of the Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest was a pivotal event in English history and all subsequent developments in the English monarchy, government, society, language and outlook are coloured by it.Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended.King Henry II and his reformsHouse of PlantagenetHenry II reformed the courts and the lawsintroduced the jury system (陪审团制度)institutionalized common lawThe King’s Council:Consisting of important nobles and prelates(高级教士) who worked as administrators and judges In London. It was also know as the Great Council.King John(1199) and the Great Charter (大宪章)feudal taxes and army servicesign the Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215A guarantee: a limitation of the King’power,Rights of feudal baron the ChurchPROGRESSIVE Significance: it was an attempt by the baronsto stop a king - in this case John - abusing his power withthe people of England suffering.Townspeople— freedom of trade and selfgovern-mentmerchants and craftsmen— for the first time as a new political forcefoundation of liberty and constitutionalism(议会)Birth of ParliamentHenry III’s defy of the Great Council– (Normandy)Simon de Montfort (The defender of the Great Charter)Provisions of O – baronials councilProvisions of W – baronials, nobles, clergymen, commonersBy the mid-14th century:House of CommonsHouse of LordsThe Hundred Year’s War1337-1453England Vs. FranceCauses : trade ,territory, throneWinner: FranceInfluence: a blessing for both countriesSignificance: promoted the concept of English nationalism promoted the development of the textile industryraised the social position of the bourgeois class.The decline of feudalismThe Black Death ( 1348-1349)An epidemic disease、plague spread by rat fleasItaly in the 14th centuryHalf population(time line)The Wars of the Roses (1455—1485)Transition to Modern AgeThe consequences of Wars of Roses:A. It was destructive to the noble housesB. Feudalism received its deathblow:(It sped up the decline of feudalism in England, give rise to textile industry, pushed the growing bourgeoisie onto a higher rung(阶梯) of social ladder in England)C. Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over 200 years. king’s power became supreme, prepared soil for centralized government.A long peace at home.。
英美国家概况
The Wars of Rose (1455-1485) 以红玫瑰为象征的兰开瑟特大家族(The House of Lancaster)和以白玫瑰为象征的约克家族(York)之间的战争。 战争并没有使居民人口的大多数受到直接影响。
London(伦敦)——英国首都,欧洲的经济文化中心,位于英格兰东南部平原上,横跨The Thames River(泰晤士河),距离The Thames River入海口88公里。
伦敦是全国政治中心。Palace of Westminster(威斯敏斯特宫)是The British Parliament(英国议会)的House of Lords and House of Commons(上、下两院)的活动场所,故又称为“Parliament Assembly(议会大厅)”。Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特大教堂)内有20多个英国国王、著名政治家、军事家以及Newton(牛顿)、Darwin(达尔文)、Dickens(狄更斯)、Hardy(哈代)等科学家、文学家和艺术家的墓地。Buckingham Palace(白金汉宫)为英国王宫,是王室成员生活和重大国事活动的场所。Downing Street White Hall(白厅)为英国政府机关所在地,其核心No 10. Downing Street(唐宁街10号)是英国历代首相官邸。
十六世纪亨利八世进行宗教改革(The English Reformation)
英国内战(The English Civil War)又称清教徒革命(Puritan Revolution)
1688, The Glorious Revolution)
英美国家概况
英美国家概况
《英美国家调查表》(英文版)是专门为各职业学院(包括电大,成人教育学院,自学考试等)的英语专业的一年级和二年级学生编写的一本教科书。
通过介绍英国和美国的地理,历史,政治,经济,教育和文化背景知识,可以帮助学生提高对文化差异的敏感性,并提高他们在工作环境中使用商务语言的综合能力;扩大相关知识,深化语言基础,提高读写效果,提高有效沟通能力;它帮助学生思考和分析东西方之间的文化差异,提高他们的文化素养和公民意识,综合利用其他语言和商务课程的知识和技能进行团队合作,并提高他们的创新思维能力和有效问题解决能力。
英美两国的调查(英文版)融合了时代特征,实用性和趣味性。
它以能力训练为主线,以易学易学的思想设计学习模块。
总体安排从实际的课堂教学开始,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,促进学生的思维能力,鼓励他们积极参与教学活动,培养他们运用语言知识的实践能力。
《英美国家概况(英文版)(第二版)》是专为各类高职高专院校(包括电大、成人教育学院、自考等)英语专业一、二年级学生编写的教材。
教材通过介绍英国和美国的地理、历史、政治、经济、教育、文化等背景知识,帮助学生提高对文化差异的敏感度,提升商务语言在工作情境中的综合运用能力;拓展有关知识从而深化语言基础、提高阅读效果和写作效果,提升有效交际能力;能够以史为鉴,对东西方文化差异进行思考和分析,提高文化修养和公民意识;能够综合运用其他语言和商务课程的知识和技能进行团队合作,提升创新思维能力
和有效解决问题能力。
英美国家概况
Scotland: Second largest both in area and population Area: about 78,760 km2 (less than 30% of the whole island) Population: 5 million (less than 9% of the total)
Not
favourable when Jerusalem was regarded as the centre of a flat earth: --believed to be on the margin and near the dangerous edge of the world The discovery of America by Columbus in 1492 released the British Isles from the disadvantage and placed London in a very important position: --shortest sea route lay across the British Isles, --London became one of the world’s most important commercial centres
The Highlands of Scotland --great mountain chains (downward tilt from W to E) --plateau of old mountains with an elevation of 600900 m (Ben Nevis, highest mountain, about 1,300 m) --over half of the total area of Scotland --poor soil, a large part is pasture devoted to sheepfarming and cattle-farming
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