大学英语专业翻译作业-词类转换
汉英翻译中的词类转换
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英语知识在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如:汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词;汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词;汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。
其中,汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。
高校常用的翻译教材,如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。
请看以下各例:例1.中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。
如不注意词性转换,译文可能是:The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.这种译文显得有些口语化,不够庄重。
不如改用抽象名词non-use:The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.例2.禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。
译文一:To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets.译文二:To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets.以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确,但似乎不够庄重。
译文二使用抽象名词,因而显得文字严谨,适合正式法律条文的风格。
例3.技术引进合同应当订明下列事项:引进技术的保密义务,改进技术的归属和分享。
译文一:Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential theimported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.译文二:Provisions on the confidentiality obligation as regards the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.对于"保密"这一动作译文一使用相应的动词keeping confidential,显得过于口语化。
(完整)高考英语词性转换
![(完整)高考英语词性转换](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4add7cd72dc58bd63186bceb19e8b8f67c1cef96.png)
(完整)⾼考英语词性转换A1. ableability(n.)inability (n.)disability(n.)unable (adj.)disabled(adj.)2. absentabsence(adj.)3. absoluteabsolutely(adv.)absoluteness(n.)4. absorbabsorbed(adj.)5. acceptacceptable(adj.)acceptance(n.)6. accessaccessible(adj.)7. accidentaccidental(adj.)accidentally(adv.)8. accomplishaccomplishment(n.)9. achieveachievable(adj.)achievement(n.)10. actaction(n.)11. active activity(n.)activate(v.)12. actualactually(adv.)13. advertiseadvertisement(n.)adjustment(n.)4. admireadmirable(adj.)admiration(n.)5. admitadmission(n.)6.advanceadvanced(adj.)7.advantageadvantageous(adj.)8.adviseadvice(n.)9.affect(影响)effect(n.)affective(adj)10.ageaged(adj.)11.agreeagreeable(adj.)agreement(n.)12.agricultureagricultural(adj.)13. allowallowable(adj.)allowance(n.)14.amazeamazing / amazed(adj.)amazement(n.)1.ambitionambitious(adj.)2.amuseamusing / amused(adj.)amusement(n.)anger(n.)6.announceannouncement(n.)7.annoyannoying(adj.)annoyance(n.)8.annualannually(adv.)9.anxiousanxiety(n.)anxiously(adj.)10.apologizeapologetic(adj.)apology(n.)11.appearappearance(n.)12.applyapplicant / application(n.)13.appoinappointed(adj.)appointment(n.)14.appreciateappreciation(n.)15.approveapproval(n.)16.argueargument(n.)17.arrangearrangement(n.)D)1. arrivearrival(n.)astonishment(n.)astonished(adj.)astonishing(adj.)5. attendattendance(n.)6. attractattractive(adj.)attraction(n.)7. avail available(adj.)B1.bathbathe(v.)2. beautifulbeauty(n.)beautify(v.)3.believebelievable(n.)beneficial (adj.)4.benefitbravery(adj.)5.bravebravely (adv)6.breathbreathe(v.)breathless (反形)C1.calculatecalculation(n.)2.carefulcareless(反)care(v.)carelessness(反n.)3.cautioncautious(adj.)4.celebrat e6.changechangeable(adj.)7.charactercharacteristic(adj.)8.cheercheerful(adj.)9.choosechoice(n.)10.cloudcloudy(adj.)11.collectcollection(n.)/doc/26820dfd86c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f819e.html for t comfortable(adj.)/doc/26820dfd86c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f819e.html pete competition(n.)competitor (adj.)14.concentrateconcentration(n.)15.concludeconclusion(n.)16.confidentconfidence(n.)17.congratulatecongratulation(n.)18.connectconnection(n.)19.considerconsiderate(adj.)consideration(n.)20.constructconstruction(n.)22.convenience convenient (adj.) 23.correctcorrection (n.) 24.curious curiosity (n.) 25.creatcreation (n.) creator (n.)(⼈) DA ) 1.dangerdangerous (adj.) 2.darkdarkness (n.) 3.datedated / dateless (adj.) 4.decide decision (n.) 5.deepdepth (n.) deepen (v.) 6.defend defense (n.) 7.describe description (n.) descriptive (adj.) 8.determine determined (adj.) determination (n.) 9.developdevelopment (n.)developing / developed (adj.) 10.devotedevoted (adj.) devotion (n.) B ) 1.differdifferent (adj.) difference (n.)2.difficultdifficulty (n.) 3.disadvantagedisadvantageous (adj.) 4.disagreedisagreeable (adj.) disagreement (n.) 5.disappointdisappointed / disappointing (adj.) disappointment (n.) 6.discouragediscouraged / discouraging (adj.) discouragement (n.) 7.discover discovery (n.) 8.discuss discussion (n.)E/doc/26820dfd86c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f819e.html cateeducation (n.) educator (n.)(⼈) 2.effecteffective (adj.) affect (v.)3.employemployment (n.)employer(employee)(n.)(⼈) 4.encourageencouragement (n.)discourage (反) 5.enjoyenjoyable (adj.) joy (n.) 6.enterentrance (n.) entry (n.) 7.equipequipment (n.) equipped (adj.) 8.exact exactly (adv.) 9.examineexamination (n.) 10.exciteexciting / excited (adj.) excitement (n.) 11.exist existence (n.) 12.explain explanation (n.). 13.express expression (n.) 14.extreme extremely (adv.)F2.fairfairness(n.)3.fluentfluency(n.)4.fogfoggy(adj.)5.farfarther(adj.)further(adj.)G1. gentlegently(adv.)2. giftgifted(adj.)3. governgovernment(n.)governor (⼈)4. graduate graduation(n.)5.guideguidance(n.)guide (⼈)6. guiltguilty(adj.)guiltless(形反)H1.healthhealthy(adj.)2.heatheated(adj.)3.highheight(n.)4.help helpful(adj.)helpless(adj.)5.hesitatehesitation(n.)6.honesthonestly(adj.)honesty(n.)7.honorhopeful(adj.)hopeless (形反). 9.horrorhorrible(adj.)horribly(adv.)10.humo(u)rhumorous(adj.)humorless (形反) humorist(⼈)11.hungerhungry(adj.)hungrily(adv.)I1. ignoreignorance(n.)ignorant(adj.)2. legalillegal(反)3. illillness(n.)4. imagineimagination(n.)imaginable / imaginary(adj.)5. immigrateimmigration(n.)6. importantunimportant (反形)importantly(adv.)7. impossiblepossible (反形) impossibly(adv.)possibility (反名)8. impressimpression(n.)impressive(adj.)impressively(adv.)9. introduceintroduction(n.)10. inventinvention(n.)inventor(⼈)J1.joyjoyful(adj.)2.judgejudgment(n.)3. justicejust(adj.)K1.kindkindness (n.) kindly (adv.)L/doc/26820dfd86c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f819e.html rge enlarge(v.)largely (adv.)/doc/26820dfd86c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f819e.html ugh laughter(n.)/doc/26820dfd86c24028915f804d2b160b4e767f819e.html zy laziness(n.)lazily (adv.) 4.longlength(n.)5.limitlimited(adj.)6.livelively(adj.)living(adj.)7.loseloss(n.)lost (adj.)8.lovelovely(adj.)9.lucklucky(adj.)luckily(adv.)unlucky (反形) unluckily (反形副)M1. majormajority(n.)2. managemanager(n.)(⼈)management (n.)4. medicalmedicine(n.)5. memorymemorial(adj.)6. mistakemistaken(adj.)7. mixmixture(n.)8. mountainmountainous(adj.)9.movemovement(n.)moving (adj.)10. mudmuddy(adj.)11. musicmusical(adj.)musician(n.)(⼈)N1 nationnational(adj.)nationality(n.)2.naturenatural(adj.)naturally(adv.)3 necessarynecessity(n.)unnecessary (反形)4 nois enoisy(adj.)5 northnorthern(adj.)O1 occupyoccupation(n.)occupied(adj.)2 operateoperator(n.)operation(n.)3 organizeorganization(n.)organizer(n.)P1 painpainful(adj.)2. patientpatient(n.)patience(n.)3 peacepeaceful(adj.)4 perfectperfectly(adv.)5 permitpermission(n.)6. physicsphysical(adj.)physicist(⼈)7 poisonpoisonous(adj.)8.pleasepleased(adj.)pleasant(adj.)pleasure(n.)9.politicspolitical(adj.)politician(⼈)10.possiblepossibly(adv.)possibility(n.)11.preparepreparation(n.)12.prideproud(adj.)13.privateprivacy(n.)14.promotepromotion(n.)15.pronouncepronunciation(n.)16.protectprotection(n.)protective(adj.)17.punish18.presidentpresidential(adj.)R1.realreally(adv.)realize(v.)reality/realization(n.)2.reasonreasonable(adj.)unreasonable (反形)3.relaxrelaxation(n.)4.relyreliable(adj.)5.religionreligious(adj.)6.remainremaining(adj.)7.respectrespection(n.)respectful / respectable(adj.)8.represent representative (⼈) 9.repeatrepetition(n.)10. requirerequirement(n.)11.reservereservation(n.)12.responsibleresponsibility(n.)13.robrobbery(n.)S1.safesafety (n.)2.satisfysatisfied(adj.)satisfaction(n.)scientist (⼈) scientific(adj.)scientifically(adv.)4.securesecurity(n.)5.selfselfish(adj.)selfishness (n.) unselfish(反形)6.sensesensible(adj)7.separateseparation(n.)8.serveservice(n.)servant (⼈)9.silentsilence(n.)silently(adv.)10.sleepsleepy(adj.)11.socialsociety(n.)socialism(n.)socialist (⼈)12.specalspecialist(n.)specially(adv.)13.spiritspiritual(adj.)14. starvestarvation(n.)15..strongstrength(n.)strengthen(v.)16.succeedsuccess(n.)successful(adj.)17.suggestsuggestion(n.)18.suitablesuit(v.)suit(n.)surrounding(adj.)T1.tastetasty(adj.)2.terribleterribly(adv.)3.thirstthirsty(adj.)4.traditionatraditional(adj.)5.translatetranslation(n.)translator (⼈) 6.treat treatment(n.)7.truetruly(adv.)truth(n.)U1. unconsciousconscious (反形)consciousness (反名)V1. valuevaluable(adj.)2. varyvariety(n.)various(adj.)W1. warmwarmth(n.)2.weakweakness(n.)weakly(adv.)3.wealth wealthy(adj.)4.week weekly(adj.)5.windwindy(adj.)youth(n.)。
英语翻译UNIT 2 -词类的转换
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动词转为介词或介词词组
1. 这是违背大多数人民的意志和时代潮流的。 This is against the will of the majority of the people and against the trend of the times. 2. 那么怎么办呢?孩子们都上一个学堂。 Well, what is to be done? The children are in the same school.
5. 她的表演给观众的印象很深。 Her performance impressed the audience deeply. 6. 他不顾一切困难坚守岗位。 He stood fast at his post despite all difficulties.
7. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products. 8. 他可晓得他儿子的行为表现吗? Is he aware how his son has been behaving? 9. 辛亥革命的目的在于推翻满清王朝。 The Revolution of 1911 aimed at overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.
要充分重视自然科学理论包括现代数学、高能物理、分子 生物学等基础理论的研究,忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用 世界上先进的科学技术成果,不能很好地解决我们建设中 遇到的重大问题。 Full attention must be paid to theoretical research in the natural sciences, including such basic subjects as modern mathematics, high energy physics and molecular biology. Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems in our construction.
2024届高考英语复习词性转换汇总(史上最全)清单
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高考英语词性转换汇总一、动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve —— achievement 成就advertise —— advertisement 广告appoint ——appointment 约会委派agree —— agreement 同意arrange——arrangement 安排筹备amuse——amusement 娱乐amaze——amazement 惊奇announce——announcement 宣告argue —— argument 争吵assess ——assessment 评估评价assign ——assignment 任务作业astonish ——astonishment 惊奇attach —— attachment 附件附属物依恋commit —— commitment 承诺,奉献develop —— development 发展disagree —— disagreement 不赞同disappoint —— disappointment 失望depart 启程出发—— department 部门departure 启程出发equip 装备—— equipment 装备,器材embarrass ——embarrassment 尴尬employ —— employment 雇佣enjoy——enjoyment 享受欢乐encourage—— encouragement 鼓励engage —— engagement 订婚从事establish —— establishment 创建excite —— excitement 兴奋激动entertain —— entertainment 娱乐govern 统治—— government 政府improve ——improvement 改进提高invest —— investment 投资judge —— judgment/judgement 判断manage ——management 经营,管理move——movement 运动移动punish —— punishment 惩罚require —— requirement 要求retire —— retirement 退休settle ——settlement 定居解决state —— statement 陈述说明treat —— treatment 治疗对待2.V+ ion 结尾absorb ——absorption 专注act —— action 行动accelerate—— acceleration 加速accumulate—— accumulation 积累adapt —— adaptation 适应改编本addict —— addiction 上瘾入迷add —— addition 增加添加administrate — administration 行政管理admire —— admiration 钦佩佩服admit —— admission 承认adopt —— adoption 采纳收养affect 影响—— affection 喜爱钟爱attract —— attraction 吸引appreciate —— appreciation 欣赏感激apply —— application 申请应用associate —— association 协会联盟联系联想assume —— assumption 假设认为calculate —— calculation 计算civilize —— civilization 文明communicate —— communication 交流compete —— competition 竞争,比赛concentrate —— concentration 集中专心conclude —— conclusion 结论consume —— consumption 消费消耗connect —— connection 连接联系collect —— collection 收藏品作品集celebrate —— celebration 庆祝conclude——conclusion 结论confuse——confusion 困惑congratulate —— congratulation 祝贺consider —— consideration 考虑认为conserve —— conservation 保护保存construct —— construction 建设建造contribute —— contribution 贡献cooperate —— cooperation 合作compare —— comparison 比较** conduct—— conduction 传导connect —— connection 联系correct——correction 改正纠正create —— creation 创造dedicate —— dedication 奉献献身determine —— determination 决心discuss —— discussion 讨论donate —— donation 捐赠decide —— decision 决定declare —— declaration 宣布宣称decorate —— decoration 装饰define —— definition 定义demonstrate — demonstration 演示证明describe —— description描写,描绘digest —— digestion 消化direct —— direction 指导方向disable —— disability 残疾discriminate —— discrimination 歧视distribute —— distribution 分配分布divide——division 分开除(法)edit —— edition 编辑educate —— education 教育elect —— election 选举erupt——eruption 火山爆发estimate —— estimation 估计估算examine —— examination 检查exhibit —— exhibition 展览expand —— expansion 扩大膨胀expect —— expectation 期望期待explode —— explosion 爆炸express ——-expression 词语;表达explain—— explanation 解释explore —— exploration 探索extend ——- extension 伸展延伸extinct(adj)—— extinction 灭绝evaluate —— evaluation 评估评价fascinate——fascination 魅力入迷form ——formation 形成found —— foundation 基础地基generate —— generation 一代人产生hesitate —— hesitation 犹豫graduate —— graduation 毕业illustrate —— illustration阐明,举例说明impress —— impression 印象imagine —— imagination 想象力immigrate——immigration 迁移移居indicate ——indication 指示暗示infect——infection 传染instruct —— instruction用法,说明(多用复数)inspect —— inspection 视察检查intend —— intention 意图打算interact —— interaction 互动interrupt —— interruption 打断中断invent—— invention 发明invite——invitationintroduce ——introduction 介绍inspire——inspiration灵感,鼓舞人心的事invade —— invasion 入侵侵略investigate —— investigation 调查liberate —— liberation 解放limit —— limitation 限制motivate —— motivation 动机occupy —— occupation 职业占据占用object——objection 反对operate —— operation 操作,动手术oppose —— opposition 反对organize ——organization组织participate —— participation 参与permit —— permission 许可允许possess——possession 拥有preserve —— preservation 保护维护produce —— production 生产制造pollute —— pollution 污染predict ——prediction 预言promote —— promotion 促进升职推广pronounce ——pronunciation发音predict——prediction 预测prepare——preparation 准备protect——protection 保护react —— reaction 反应realize —— realization 认识领悟recommend——recommendation 推荐recognize —— recognition 承认认可reflect——reflection 反映反思倒影resolve —— resolution 决心regulate——regulation 规定规章reject——rejection 拒绝relax——relaxation 放松reserve ——reservation 预定satisfy —— satisfaction 满意separate —— separation 分离stimulate —— stimulation 刺激starve ——starvation 挨饿suggest ——suggestion 建议,暗示submit —— submission 提交subscribe —— subscription 订阅solve ——solution 解决方法translate —— translation 翻译transport —— transportation 运输vary —— variation 变化/variety 种类revise ——revision 复习3.V+ ance 结尾assist —— assistance 帮助协助allow —— allowance 允许annoy —— annoyance 恼怒appear —— appearance 外貌,出现enter —— entrance 入口guide ——guidance 指导ignore——ignorance 无知忽略insure ——insurance 保险perform —— performance 演出resist ——resistance 反对抵制rely —— reliance 依赖tolerate ——tolerance 宽容4.V+ ence 结尾exist —— existence 存在insist—— insistence 坚持infer ——inference 推断occur ——occurrence 发生的事prefer —— preference 偏爱喜爱refer ——reference 参考查阅5.V+ ing 结尾begin——beginning 开始build→building 建筑(物)cross→crossing 十字路口end —— ending 结尾,结局engine→engineering 工程feel→feeling 感觉find——finding 发现greet ——greeting 问候hear ——hearing 听力train ——training训练mean —— meaning 意义market→marketing 促销市场营销meet →meeting 会议paint—— painting 绘画say—— saying 谚语suffer ——suffering 痛苦遭遇remind —— reminding提醒bathe ——bathing沐浴travel —— travelling /travelingwarn —— warning 警告bless —— blessing 运气福气6.末尾加-er或-or后变成表示“某一类人”的名词work——worker 工人teach——teacher老师sing——singer 歌手jump——jumper跳高运动员play——player表演者、运动员learn——learner 学习者manage——manager 经理observe——observer 观察者report——reporter 记者wait——waiter 侍者服务员act——actor 男演员administrate ——administrator 管理员行政人员compete——competitor 竞争者conduct——conductor 售票员列车长导体指挥collect—— collector 收集者create—— creator 创造者direct——director 导演经理主任总监edit——editor 编辑educate ——educator 教育者generate——generator 发电机govern ——governor 统治者innovate——innovator 改革者创新者inspect——inspector 视察者巡查员instruct——instructor 教师讲师invent——inventor发明家operate—— operator 操作员接线员sail——sailor 水手survive——survivor 幸存者translate——translator 翻译家visit——visitor访问者7.-age结尾的名词marry—— marriage婚姻store——-storage储存carry—— carriage车厢short——shortage短缺pack——package 包裹use——usage 用法post——postage 邮费8. V+-ure结尾的名词expose——exposure 暴露接触fail—— failure失败press——pressure压力please——pleasure快乐mix——mixture混合物depart—— departure 出发启程sculpt——sculpture 雕塑雕刻品9.动词+y 后缀变名词deliver→delivery 运送discover→discovery 发现recover→recovery 康复;恢复10.V+ 其他beg——beggar 乞丐believe —— belief 信仰behave —— behavior 行为know—— knowledge 知识fly—— flight 飞行serve —— service 服务succeed ——success 成功pursue —— pursuit 追求,从事propose —— proposal 建议withdraw —— withdrawal 取钱;收回;撤退survive —— survival--survivor 幸存者arrive —— arrival到达approve ——approvaldisapprove ——disapproval 不赞成refuse ——refusal 拒绝propose——proposal 建议analyze —— analysis 分析二、形容词变名词1.词尾ent改为ency或enceefficient有效率的——efficiency 效率emergent——emergency 紧急情况urgent——urgency 紧急情况frequent——frequency 频率fluent——fluency 流畅流利patient——patience/impatience 耐性/无耐心dependent——dependence依赖性independent——independence 独立性2.ble结尾,ble改为bilitypossible——possibility 可能responsible——responsibility 责任;职责3.adj+ness结尾的名词crazy——craziness 疯狂eager——eagerness渴望kind——kindness友好happy——happiness幸福lonely——loneliness孤独quiet——quietness安静careless——carelessness粗心helpless——helplessness无助sad —— sadness 伤心nervous——nervousness 紧张tired ——tiredness 劳累mad ——madness 疯狂good——goodness 善良美德4.adj+th结尾的名词warm——warmth温暖true——truth真理dead——death死亡grow——growth成长deep——depth 深度long——length 长度wide——width 宽度strong——strength 力气强度young——youth 青春青年5.以“ity”结尾的高频名词荟萃cruel——cruelty 残忍diverse——diversity 多样性necessary——necessity 必需品;需要secure——security 安全similar——similarity 相似(性)7.其他prosperous——prosperity 繁荣accurate——accuracy 准确性三、名词/动词变形容词1.名词+ydust——dusty 布满灰尘的dirt——dirty 脏的guilt 罪恶——guilty 内疚的greed ——greedy 贪婪fun——funny 滑稽的fur—— furry 毛皮的health——healthy 健康的hair——hairy 毛发多的luck——lucky 幸运的sleep——sleepy 困倦的cloud——cloudy 多云的wind—windy 多风的ice——icy 冰冷的rain——rainy 多雨的salt——salty 咸的sleep——sleepy 困的fog——foggy 多雾的frost——frosty 结霜的mist——misty 多雾的mud——muddy 泥泞的mess——messy 杂乱无章的noise——noisy 嘈杂的shine——shiny 发亮的taste —— tasty 美味的snow——snowy 多雪的smoke——smoky 烟雾弥漫的stone——stony 多石头的storm——stormy 暴风雨的sun—— sunny 阳光灿烂的taste ——tasty 美味的thirst——thirsty 渴的wealth 财富——wealthy 富有的2.结尾,改er为ry hunger——hungry 饥饿的anger —— angry 生气的3.名词/动词+ ed以辅音+辅音结尾的单词,直接加ed talent —— talented 有天赋的offend ——offended 生气的crowd ——crowded 拥挤的heat —— heated 激烈的absorb——absorbed 专心的聚精会神的accustom——accustomed 习惯的bury——buried 专心的learn——learned 博学的skill——skilled 熟练的unit——united 联合的;统一的limit——limited 有限的以元音字母e结尾的单词直接加d complicate——complicated 复杂的balance —— balanced 平衡的organize——organized 有组织的pollute ——polluted 被污染的please ——pleased 高兴的injure——injured 受伤的determine——determined 坚定的;devote——devoted 忠实的experience——experienced 有经验的suppose——supposed 应该的relate——related 相关的元音加辅音结尾的单词,词尾辅音双写再加edspot —— spotted 有斑点的4.名词+ ful/lesscare —— careful/ careless 小心的/ 粗心的help—— helpful / helpless 有帮助的/ 无助的use—— useful/ useless有用的/ 无用的meaning —— meaningful / meaningless有意义的/无意义的colour—— colourful /colourless多彩的/无色的pain 疼痛——painful /painless痛苦的/ 不痛的thank—— thankful / thankless充满感激的/ 不知感恩的peace 和平—— peaceful 和平的play游戏—— playful 爱玩耍的home —— homeless 无家可归的harm —— harmful/harmless 有害的、无害的hope——hopeful 满怀希望的hopeless 不抱希望的forget——forgetful 健忘的beauty——beautiful 漂亮的wonder——wonderful 精彩的power——powerful 强有力的powerless 无力的joy ——joyful 快乐的fear——fearful 害怕的/fearless 无惧的skill——skillful 娴熟的5.名词/动词+ able/iblechange —— changeable 易变的adjust——adjustable 可调整的comfort——comfortable 舒适的knowledge—knowledgeable 知识渊博的suit ——suitable 合适的accept——acceptable 可接受的admire——admirable 令人钦佩的afford——affordable 负担得起的consider——considerable 重要的;相当大的desire——desirable 值得做的;可取的enjoy——enjoyable 令人愉快的favour——favourable 赞成的;有利的forget——forgettable 易被忘记的honour——honourable 可敬的;光荣的reach——reachable 可获得的;可达到的reason——reasonable 合理的rely——reliable 可靠的;可信赖的remark——remarkable 不平凡的understand——understandable 可理解的value——valuable 宝贵的动词以辅音加y结尾把y变i 加able ,deny—— deniable 可否认的rely—— reliable 可靠的access ——accessible 可进入的容易理解的sense——sensible 明智的6.名词+ ous courage——courageous 勇敢的danger—— dangerous 危险的adventure——adventurous 爱冒险的humor/humour——humorous/homourous幽默的mountain——mountainous 多山的poison——poisonous 有毒的religion—— religious 宗教的ambition——ambitious 有抱负的glory ——glorious 光荣的荣耀的advantage——advantageous 有利的以y结尾,改y为i再加ousmystery 神秘—— mysterious 神秘的7.ce 变timportance——important 重要的significance——significant 重要的evidence 证据——evident 明显的patience ——patient 有耐心的silence —— silent 沉默的violence ——violent 暴力的confidence—— confident 自信的convenience——convenient 方便的;便利difference——different 不同的dependence —— dependent 依赖他人的independence—— independent 独立的intelligence ——intelligent 聪明的8.词尾加aladdition—— additional 附加的,额外的agriculture—— agricultural 农业的benefit——beneficial 有益的commerce——commercial 商业的convention——conventional 传统的culture——cultural 文化的education——educational有教育意义的environment——environmental 环境的face——facial 表面的influence——influential 有影响力的music—— musical 音乐的nation—— national 国家的origin起源——original 新颖的;独创的office——official 官方的person——personal (私人的) profession——professional 专业的season——seasonal 季节的;季节性的society——social 社会的tradition——traditional 传统的以元音字母e 结尾的单词,去掉词尾元音加alnature——natural 自然的globe—— global 全球的特例:class—— classical 经典的medicine 药——medical 医学的grammar—— grammatical 语法的9.名词+ ly变形容词friend—— friendly 友好的day ——daily 日常的live——lively 活跃的,有生气的love——lovely 可爱的week——weekly 每周的man——manly 男子气概的;强壮的father —— fatherly 父亲般的10.V+ive 后缀变形容词act——active 积极的attract——attractive 吸引人的cooperate——cooperative 合作的、create---creative有创造力的protect----protective保护的talk--- talkative健谈的instruct--- Instructive有教育意义的effect--- effective有效的impress——impressive 给人印象深刻的relate——relative 相关的sense——sensitive 敏感的11.词尾+ en wood—— wooden 木制的wool—— woolen 羊毛的gold——golden 金色的美好的12.表示方位的词east——eastern west——westernsouth——southern north——northern13.四大洲Asia 亚洲—— Asian Africa 非洲——African Europe欧洲—— European America 美洲——American 14.N +ic 后缀形容词drama——dramatic 戏剧(性)的energy——energetic 精力充沛的enthusiasm→enthusiastic 热情的romance——romantic 浪漫的science——scientific 科学的sympathy——sympathetic 同情的strategy——strategic 战略的其他pride——proud 自豪的fool 傻子——foolish 愚蠢的四、形容词变动词1.词尾加ize modern——modernize 使...现代化social——socialize 使...社会化2.词尾加enfast——fasten 使固定;集中于short—— shorten 缩短wide——widen 放宽*less——lessen 使...减少long——lengthen 使延长strong ——strengthen 加强;巩固bright——brighten 使愉快;使明亮broad——broaden 加宽;拓宽dark——darken 使变暗deep——deepen 加深;使变深fright——frighten (使)惊吓hard——harden 使变硬light——lighten 使变轻loose——loosen (使)变松;放松;松开quick——quicken 加快ripe——ripen 变成熟;使成熟sharp——sharpen 磨快;使锋利soft——soften 使变软weak——weaken 使变弱3.词前加enlarge —— enlarge 扩大;rich——enrich 使丰富使富有sure—— ensure 确保保证able——enable 使能够danger——endanger 使遭遇危险title——entitle给……起题目/命名courage ——encourage 鼓励4 adj+ify结尾的动词simple——simplify 简化beauty——beautify 美化pure——purify 净化identity——identify 鉴定;识别出class——classify 分类五.反义词动词+dis-前缀变否定词approve——disapprove 不赞成agree——disagree 不同意appear——disappear 消失appoint——disappoint 使失望comfort——discomfort 使不舒适cover——discover 发现courage——discourage 使泄气阻碍like——dislike 不喜欢locate——dislocate 重新定位搬迁obey——disobey 不遵守place——displace 取代使离开家园形容词+in-前缀变否定词accurate——inaccurate 不精确的adequate——inadequate 不充分的appropriate——inappropriate 不合适的expensive—inexpensive 不贵的便宜的experienced——inexperienced 经验不足形容词+im-前缀变否定词patient——impatient 不耐心的polite——impolite 没礼貌的possible——impossible 不可能的practical——impractical 不实用的proper——improper 不合适的形容词+un-前缀变否定词able——unable 不能的aware——unaware 不知道的believable——unbelievable 不可相信的certain——uncertain 不确定的clear——unclear 不清楚的comfortable——uncomfortable 不舒服的common——uncommon 不常有的conscious——unconscious 失去知觉的fair——unfair 不公平的forgettable——unforgettable 难忘的fortunate——unfortunate 不幸的fit——unfit 不合适的friendly——unfriendly 不友好的happy——unhappy 不高兴的不幸福的known——unknown 无名的likely——unlikely 不可能的lucky——unlucky 不幸的necessary——unnecessary 不必要的pleasant——unpleasant 不愉快的important——unimportant 不重要的usual——unusual 不寻常的willing——unwilling 不情愿的后缀-less构成的形容词集锦aim——aimless 无目的的care——careless 粗心大意的count——countless 无数的doubt——doubtless 无疑的end——endless 无尽的harm——harmless 无害的help——helpless 无助的home——homeless 无家可归的hope——hopeless 无希望的job——jobless 失业的limit——limitless 无限的rest——restless 不安的use——useless 无用的含mis-前缀的动词集锦mistake 误会misunderstand 误解misuse 误用;滥用mislead 误导mistrust 不信任其他含fore-前缀的单词forecast vt. 预报;预测foresee vt. 预见;预料;预知foreword n. 前言forehead n. 额头forearm n. 前臂forehead n. 额头forearm n. 前臂forecast vt. 预报foresee vt. 预见;预知foreword n. 前言foretell v. 预言;预示“ward”后缀方位词southward 向南northward 向北eastward 向东westward 向西upward 向上backward 向后动词+re-前缀变动词cycle——recycle 再利用;回收利用do —— redo 重做use——reuse 重新使用build——rebuild 重建write——rewrite 重写tell——retell 复述visit——revisit 重新拜访view——review 复习。
汉英翻译中的词类转换
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英语知识在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如:汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词;汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词;汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。
其中,汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。
高校常用的翻译教材,如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。
请看以下各例:例1.中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。
如不注意词性转换,译文可能是:The Chi nese gov ernmentundertak es not t o use (t hat it w ill notuse) nuc lear wea pons aga inst non-nuclear countri es.这种译文显得有些口语化,不够庄重。
不如改用抽象名词non-use:TheChinesegovernme nt under takes no n-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuc lear cou ntries.例2.禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。
译文一:To pro hibit an y act of treason, acts t o splitthe coun try, inc ite rebe llion an d stealsecrets.译文二:To prohi bit anyact of t reason,secessio n, sedit ion andtheft of state s ecrets.以上译文一使用split, incit e, steal等动词虽然语义正确,但似乎不够庄重。
译文二使用抽象名词,因而显得文字严谨,适合正式法律条文的风格。
英语四级高分翻译技巧:转换词性
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英语四级高分翻译技巧:转换词性英语四级高分翻译技巧:转换词性大学英语四级考试,即CET-4,College English Test Band 4的缩写,是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试。
以下是为大家分享的英语四级高分翻译技巧:转换词性,供大家参考借鉴,欢迎浏览!词性转换是一种常用的翻译技巧,是指在必要的时候,将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。
这种转换会使译文更加灵活变通,不必拘泥于原文形式,却能更准确传达出原文内涵。
它可能涉及动词、名词、形容词和副词之间的相互转换。
下面我们以具体的考题为例:例1.【试题原句】中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。
(2014年12月四级真题)【思路分析】本句的主语是“中国的互联网社区”,互联网社区可直译为“internet community”,翻译时可将“中国”作定语,译为“Chinese”或者“of China”,也可将其作为地点状语,理解为“在中国”,译为“in China”。
“全世界”作为地点状语,翻译时置于句末。
【参考译文】The Internet community of China develops fastest all over the world.【技巧探秘】本句可以按照原句的顺序直接译为“China’s Internet Community is the fastest-growing one in the world.”,虽然这种方法也能够明确地表达出汉语原句的意思,但在表达的新颖性上还是有所欠缺。
仔细分析发现,在翻译该句时,还可使用转化法,例如将该句中“发展”这一动词译为名词“growth/development”,用形容词最高级fastest修饰即可。
这种译法更能凸显译文的准确性,也更加地道。
例2.【试题原句】大熊猫(giant panda)是一种温顺的`动物,长着独特的黑白皮毛。
(2014年12月四级真题)【思路分析】SVO=大熊猫+是+动物(其中,“温顺的”为定语,修饰“动物”,“长着……”补充说明了大熊猫的个体特征)。
词类的转换(英文)
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词类的转换n—v1.During the past few years, the city has shown a rapid increase in population.2.We know that the mastery of a foreign language is not easy.3.Their first sight of land came after three days at sea.4.We left the baby in the care of our neighbor.5.The appearance of the book on the market caused a sensation.6.Her husband’s murder shook her faith in the legal system.7.She is a lover of Chinese painting.8.Example is the only thing in influencing others.pre, ad, a—v9.Papers must be in by Monday.10.Our friends were over yesterday.11.That day he was up before sunrise.12.Are you for or against the plan?13.He guided the man through the streets to the railway station.14.He is after neither fame nor gain.15.I pay 60 pence for the book.16.He is over 70.17.Plants cannot live without water and light.18.She sang to the piano.19.I’m ignorant of what has happened.20.Chances of failure and disaster are ever present in all space navigation.21.Are you aware that there is a difficulty?22.We are more concerned with efficiency than expansion.v—n23.Within seconds the meter hand should read zero.24.He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.25.He has behaved shamefully towards his wife.26.The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapidcomputations.27.In the wedding ceremony, the rings symbolize the union of the two partners.28.The paper is aimed at helping students fully understand the problem ofEnglish-to-Chinese translation.29.He impressed me deeply with his speech.a—n the + a30.He was sympathetic with the dying.31.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.n—a32.The new teacher is full of enthusiasm.33.We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determinedto pursue it.34.The comfort and warmth of the house were wonderful.35.He was a great success as an actor.36.Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.ad—a37.He behaved badly to his wife.。
08级本科翻译—词类转换 大三上学期英语专业翻译课件
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2020年6月17日星期三
b. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker. 他倒是不抽烟,但他父亲却一支接一支不停地抽。
c. She is a lover of Chinese painting. 她热爱中国画。
她能够给我带个信这件事就是个暗示,但是我还得小心谨 慎。 (2)英语中用来表示知觉、感情、欲望等心理状态的形容词和系 动词一起构成复合谓语时,一般译成动词。最常见的此类形容词有:
2020年6月17日星期三
accurate(力求精确);afraid; anxious; angry; ashamed(惭愧); aware; careful ;certain; content(满足); confident; delighted(高兴); doubtful; familiar; glad ;grateful(感激); ignorant(不知道); sorry (遗憾);sure thankful ;uncertain。如:
他回来时,收音机仍然开着,因为他离开时忘记关了。
2020年6月17日星期三
二、转译成名词
1.动词转译成名词 (1)由名词派生的动词,如:
a. Your work is characterized by lack of attention to details. 你工作的特点(毛病)是不注意细节。
(4)作为习语主体的名词往往可转译成动词,如: a. During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation.
常见的英语翻译中的词类转换
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英语翻译词类转换:转译成名词(1)(一)形容词与副词的互相转译1.英语名词译成汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。
如:1)Occasionally a drizzle came down,and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.偶尔下一点毛毛雨,断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。
2)It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。
2.英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。
如:1)He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。
2)The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
3.由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同,还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。
如:1)This is sheer nonsense.(这完全是胡说。
)2)Buckley was in a clear minority.(巴克利显然属于少数。
)3)By dialing the right number,you may be able to select a play,golf lesson or lecture in physics,from a pretaped library in a remote city,for showing on your home screen.只要拨对了号码,你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课,或者一次物理学演讲。
08级本科翻译—词类转换 大三上学期英语专业翻译课件
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accurate(力求精确);afraid; anxious; angry; ashamed(惭愧); aware; careful ;certain; content(满足); confident; delighted(高兴); doubtful; familiar; glad ;grateful(感激); ignorant(不知道); sorry (遗憾);sure thankful ;uncertain。如:
他回来时,收音机仍然开着,因为他离开时忘记关了。
2020年9月17日星期四
二、转译成名词
1.动词转译成名词 (1)由名词派生的动词,如:
a. Your work is characterized by lack of attention to details. 你工作的特点(毛病)是不注意细节。
b. To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来,他就是绝对权力的化身。
b. After the crops are in, they will start autumn sowing. 等庄稼收进来后,他们要开始播秋。
c. The librarian told me that the book was out. 图书管理员告诉我那本书借出去了。
d. When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left.
a. Both of the substances are soluble in water. 两种物质都能溶于水。
b. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.
大学英语-翻译课件-汉英翻译之词类转换
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5 汉语名词转化为英语形容词:
他有口才,有风Байду номын сангаас。
He was eloquent and elegant.
冰的密度比水小。
Ice is not as dense as water.
EXE:
两国经贸领域的互补性很强,双方可以彼此分 享巨大的市场。
The two countries are highly
1 他在战斗中表现突出, 1 He was commended by
受到连长(company
the company commander
commander)的表扬。
for his distinguished
2 只要看一眼这封信,
performance in the battle.
你就会明白你上当了。 2 A glance at this letter
will convince you that
you have been taken in.
3 看到我们的喷气
式飞机,听见隆隆的声
音,令我特别神往。
5 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
4 在使用电脑时,
9 他得出这一结论是深 思熟虑的结果。
8 No violation of this principle can be tolerated.
9 The turning point of my life was my decision to give up promising business career and study music.
complementary in economic and trade areas,
英汉翻译:词类转换法
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一、 转译成动词 (Converting into verbs)
1. 名词转译成动词( n.---v. )
n 英语中具有动作意义的名词,汉译时往往可转化为动词。
n Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water.
n Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. n 安装双层窗御寒。
动名词转译成动词(gerund---v.) n The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. n 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。
n 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
n Both the compounds are acids, the former is strong, the latter weak.
n 这两种化合物都是酸,前者是强酸,后者 是弱酸。
3. 代词转译为名词 (pron. --- n.) n Radio waves are similar to light waves except
“来啦!”她转身蹦跳着越过草地,跑上小径, 跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。
n Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
党的干部每天长时间工作,吃的是粗茶淡饭, 住的是冰冷的窑洞,点的是黯淡的油灯。
公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。
n A force is needed to move an object against inertia.
英汉翻译中的词类转换
![英汉翻译中的词类转换](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6db993eaaf1ffc4fff47ac06.png)
On weekends, they usually give the classroom a thorough cleaning. 他们通常在周末把教室彻底地打扫一番。
切坏事的化身。
转换成名词的情况——形容词转换成名词
1)英语中,当形容词前加上定冠词the 时,常 转换成名词
They did their best to help the sick and the wound. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
The rich or the poor, all share the equal rights of receiving higher education. 不论是富人还是换成名形容词
2)英语动词译成汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副 词可译作形容词。
The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
转换成形容词的情况—副词和名词的相互转换
了他们的一些好感。
other forms
其它词类的转换——形容词和副词的相互转换
由于英语的名词或动词可以分别转换为汉 语的动词和名词,而修饰名词的形容词和修饰 动词的副词也可以随之转换为汉语的副词和形 容词。
转换成形容词的情况——副词转换成名形容词
1)英语名词译作汉语动词时, 修饰该名词的形 容词可译作汉语副词。
英语中的很多介词有很强的动作感。 虽然理论上属于虚词,但在实践中常 常可以表示动作行为的进展状态和程 度,发挥动词的作用。
专升本词性转换练习题
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专升本词性转换练习题### 专升本词性转换练习题#### 一、名词转动词1. 将下列名词转换为动词,并使用它们构造句子。
- Example: 名词 "talk" -> 动词 "to talk"- 句子:We need to talk about the project.2. 名词 "progress" -> 动词 "to progress"- 句子:The team is progressing well with the new software development.3. 名词 "failure" -> 动词 "to fail"- 句子:The experiment failed due to a technical error.4. 名词 "success" -> 动词 "to succeed"- 句子:She succeeded in her career and became a renowned scientist.5. 名词 "employment" -> 动词 "to employ"- 句子:The company employs over a thousand workers.#### 二、形容词转副词1. 将下列形容词转换为副词,并使用它们构造句子。
- Example: 形容词 "quick" -> 副词 "quickly"- 句子:He quickly finished his homework before goingout.2. 形容词 "careful" -> 副词 "carefully"- 句子:She carefully examined the contract before signing it.3. 形容词 "lucky" -> 副词 "luckily"- 句子:Luckily, we found a parking spot right in front of the theater.4. 形容词 "honest" -> 副词 "honestly"- 句子:Honestly, I didn't expect to win the competition.5. 形容词 "possible" -> 副词 "possibly"- 句子:It is possibly the best decision you've ever made.#### 三、动词转名词1. 将下列动词转换为名词,并使用它们构造句子。
翻译技巧-词类转换
![翻译技巧-词类转换](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/94d2d9c888eb172ded630b1c59eef8c75ebf9556.png)
四:副词转换成动词
英语中一些副词,如apart,behind,in off等,在句 中做表语或宾语补足语时,经常可转译成动词
副词转译为动词
example: The revised edition of that encyclopedia will be out pretty soon.
译:那部百科全书的修订版很快就会面世了 out:副词,意为“出现,在室外”,此处转译为动词,译为 “面世,出版”
3.由动词加后缀-er或-or构成的名词转译成动词
example: Her lovely daughter is born a good singer.
译:他可爱的女儿天生歌唱得好 singer:由动词sing加后缀-er构成名词“歌手”,此处译 为动词,译为“唱歌”。
4.在习语化短语动词中作中心词的名词往往转译为动词
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3.表示某种心理状态的形容词转译成动词
example: The students are afraid that this chemical reaction will take place with great violence.
译:学生们担心这个化学反应会以很强烈的方式发生 afraid:形容词,意为“害怕的”,表示心理状态,此处转译 为动词,译为“害怕,担心”
英语中许多含有动作意义的名词和由动词派生的名词 以及其他一些名词经常可转译成汉语的动词
1.具有动作含义的名词转译成动词
example: The tests indicate that a countercurrent flow of gases and solids is necessary in the reactor
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他总是喝很多酒。
He is a heavy drinker.
他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
In his speech, he emphasized on improving the quality of the products in particular.
绝对不许违反这个原则。
Never allowed to violate this principle。
林则徐认为,要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁了。
In Lin Zexu’s opinion, a successful ban of opium trade must be preceded by destruction.
医生迅速到达,做了仔细检查,病人得以很快康复。
The doctor’s prompt arrival and careful examination of the patient brought his speedy recovery.
一看到校门,我就想起了我的大学时代。
The sight of school gate reminds me of college life.
获悉贵国遭受地震,我们极为关切。
We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.
有人在背后支持他。
He got someone behind him.
街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。
Everything in the street was gradually disappeared into gray twilight.
经过学校的门口,也改换了名称和模样,令我很生疏。
When I passed the school gate, that too had changed its name and appearance, making me feel quite a stranger.
空气是这样的清香,使人感到分外凉爽、舒畅。
The air was so fresh that it gave people a feeling of especially cool and comfort.
他们不顾一切艰难险阻,勇往直前。
In spite of dangers and difficulties, they kept going forward courageously.
贵国人民的友好给我留下了很深的印象。
I was deeply pressed by the hospitality of your people.
他们尽了最大努力帮助病号和伤员。
They did their best to help the sick and wounded.
独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
Independent thinking is a necessity in study.
这个消息让我们有点沮丧。
The news depressed us a little.
他兴奋地接受了她的邀请。
He excited to receive her invitation]。